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EP0378517B1 - Brûleur pour la combustion des combustibles gazeux et/ou des combustibles liquides en état gazeux - Google Patents

Brûleur pour la combustion des combustibles gazeux et/ou des combustibles liquides en état gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0378517B1
EP0378517B1 EP90810023A EP90810023A EP0378517B1 EP 0378517 B1 EP0378517 B1 EP 0378517B1 EP 90810023 A EP90810023 A EP 90810023A EP 90810023 A EP90810023 A EP 90810023A EP 0378517 B1 EP0378517 B1 EP 0378517B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing head
burner according
burner
gas
passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90810023A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0378517A2 (fr
EP0378517A3 (fr
Inventor
Jörg Füllemann
Heinz Boxler
Heinrich Boner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuellemann Patent AG
Original Assignee
Fuellemann Patent AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuellemann Patent AG filed Critical Fuellemann Patent AG
Publication of EP0378517A2 publication Critical patent/EP0378517A2/fr
Publication of EP0378517A3 publication Critical patent/EP0378517A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0378517B1 publication Critical patent/EP0378517B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/34—Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for the combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels in the gaseous state, with a mixing head which has an inlet at the back and an outlet at the front, a flame tube surrounding the mixing head at a distance, the space between the mixing head and the flame tube serving as a recirculation channel for hot fuel gases for the inlet of the mixing head, an orifice arranged at the inlet of the mixing head with a passage for the air supply and means for fuel supply.
  • EP-A-0 175 875 describes a burner which is suitable either for operation with gas or for operation with oil.
  • the burner has a gas nozzle or an atomizer nozzle for oil.
  • the gas is blown into the mixing tube or the oil is injected into the mixing tube, into which the air required for combustion is also blown.
  • a flame then forms at the front end of the mixing tube.
  • Some of the hot combustion gases are then recirculated to the inlet of the mixing tube due to the injector effect of the combustion air introduced and mixed there with the gas / air or the oil mist / air mixture.
  • the disadvantage here is that the mixture emerging from the mixing tube at high speed in the axial direction forms an elongated flame. There is therefore a relatively large flame zone with high temperatures, which favors the formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • Another disadvantage is the noisy start-up shock when the gas mixture is ignited.
  • EP-A-0 283 435 describes a burner for the combustion of liquid fuels in the gaseous state, which has a rotating gasifier which is arranged at a distance from an air screen. At the outlet of the carburetor there is a mixing head with a deflection section and side outlets. The carburetor is surrounded by an electric heater. A flame tube surrounds the carburetor and the heater at a distance, whereby a recirculation path for hot fuel gases is created by the space between the carburetor and flame tube. This burner can only be operated with heating oil.
  • EP-A-0 048 438 describes a burner which can be operated with both heating oil and gas.
  • This burner also has an orifice arranged in front of the oil atomizer device with an orifice opening which is coaxial with the oil atomizer device, the orifice opening being the only passage for the combustion air.
  • a mixing tube is arranged coaxially downstream.
  • a second orifice is provided downstream of the first orifice with a second orifice arranged coaxially to the orifice of the first orifice.
  • the two panels form an annular chamber for the supply of a heating gas.
  • the annular chamber has an annular gas outlet opening in the area of the diaphragm opening.
  • This burner also has the disadvantage that the fuel / air mixture emerging at high speed from the mixing tube in the axial direction forms an elongated hot flame which favors the formation of nitrogen oxides. It should also be noted that a current flows in the mixing tube that has a core of air with a jacket of gas.
  • WO-A-86 06150 shows a gas burner in which an air inlet chamber, a mixer and a gas metering tube are arranged coaxially to one another.
  • the mixer consists of a piece of pipe which is closed at its free end and which can be axially displaced by a control rod arranged inside the gas metering pipe.
  • a piece of pipe that is telescopically displaceable on the gas metering tube exposes or closes gas outlet openings.
  • the displacement of the mixer caused by the control rod releases or closes air inlet openings in the cylindrical air inlet plate she.
  • This burner has no means for recirculating hot fuel gases and therefore forms relatively hot flames, which promote the formation of NOX.
  • the burner is also not suitable for operation with liquid fuels.
  • the burner should generate little nitrogen oxides.
  • this is achieved by a burner according to claim 1.
  • This burner produces a short, strongly expanding flame with a relatively low flame temperature. Thanks to the low flame temperature, only little nitrogen oxides are formed, so that the measured values of pollutants are far below the permissible maximum values set by the environmental protection authorities.
  • a gas supply pipe is advantageously provided as a means for supplying fuel, which extends through the passage in the diaphragm into the mixing head and has at least one gas outlet opening in the region of the inlet of the mixing head.
  • the gas feed pipe expediently has a plurality of radial gas outlet openings. The radial outflow of the gas inside the mixing head ensures thorough mixing with the supplied air. This in turn enables the formation of a quiet, low-noise flame, which ensures optimal combustion.
  • the mixing head advantageously consists of a pipe section which has outlet openings at the front on the periphery and through the deflection part is completed.
  • the pipe section also serves as a carburetor. Thanks to the recirculation of hot gases, the pipe section is heated to a great extent, which practically prevents coking.
  • the high temperature of the pipe section also causes the liquid fuel to evaporate reliably when the burner is switched off, so that at this stage there are no impermissible emissions of unburned hydrocarbons.
  • the mixing head can be easily replaced during service work. In order to facilitate such a replacement, the gas supply pipe can have a fastening pin for receiving the mixing head.
  • wings or fins at the outlet openings of the mixing head, which are formed, for example, by punching from the wall of the pipe section.
  • the exit of the combustible mixture is controlled by these wings, which leads to the formation of a favorable flame shape.
  • the wings are advantageously arranged radially. But it is also possible to arrange the wings at an angle to the radius so that the flame gets a twist. The wings protrude inwards. This creates turbulence that leads to a good mixing of air and fuel.
  • the mixing head has a deflection part with a plurality of fingers arranged on the periphery, for example triangular in cross-section, over which fingers a piece of pipe is slipped, wherein a gap between two fingers forms an outlet opening.
  • This version is very stable and also ensures a stable flame.
  • the passage for the air supply provided in the diaphragm advantageously has a diameter that is smaller than the inside diameter of the mixing head. This creates a favorable injector effect for the recirculation of hot fuel gases.
  • a particularly favorable embodiment of the invention provides for a gas inlet to be provided in the passage for the air supply.
  • This gas inlet is advantageously ring-shaped. The gas is thus distributed to this air flow over the entire periphery of the air flow.
  • the air pressure in the area of the gas outlet openings of the gas supply pipe is greater with a high air supply than with a low air supply. Due to the increased pressure, the gas outlet from the gas openings of the gas supply pipe is throttled. This changes the relationship between the central gas supply and peripheral gas supply in favor of the latter. So more gas flows on the periphery of the air flow. This contributes to high flame stability. The flame is held securely even with a high output or with a large excess of air.
  • the ignition electrodes can extend through the passage into the mixing head. The ignition then takes place within the mixing head. This enables the burner to start softly and quietly because the explosion-like start-up shock is so strongly dampened by the mixing head that it is barely audible.
  • the rear part of the mixing head serves as an evaporator.
  • FIG. 1 shows the front part of a burner which is designed as a so-called two-fuel burner, that is to say as a burner which is optionally operated with gas or oil.
  • the burner has a fan for the air supply in a known manner. However, only the burner head is shown in the sectional drawing.
  • the burner has a mixing head 11 which has an inlet 13 at the rear and at the front, i.e. flame side, has an outlet 15.
  • the flame tube 17 is arranged coaxially at a distance from the mixing head 11 and extends approximately as far forward as the mixing head 11.
  • the annular space 19 between the mixing head 11 and the flame tube 17 serves as a recirculation channel for hot fuel gases.
  • a gas supply pipe 21 extends coaxially to the mixing head 11 into the mixing space 23.
  • the gas supply pipe 21 has at least one gas outlet opening 25 in the area of the inlet 13. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a plurality of radially arranged gas outlet openings 25 are provided, which are arranged in several rows distributed over the circumference of the gas supply pipe 21.
  • the gas supply pipe 21 also serves to fasten the mixing head 11.
  • a fastening pin 31 is provided at the end of the gas supply pipe 21, which fits into a bore 33.
  • the mixing head 11 is detachably fastened with the screw 35.
  • the mixing head 11 of FIG. 1 consists of a pipe section 12 and a deflection part 29 which is firmly connected to the mixing head 11 is.
  • the pipe section has outlet openings 37 at the front on the periphery.
  • wings 39 are provided in the outlet openings 37, which are formed, for example, by punching from the wall of the pipe section 12. These wings 39 protrude radially inwards into the mixing space 23. However, it is also possible to arrange the wings 39 at an angle to the respective radius which leads to the root of the wing 39.
  • the mixing head 211 of FIGS. 2 and 3 basically has the same task and function as the mixing head 11 of FIG. 1 and can be installed in its place in the burner of FIG. 1.
  • the mixing head 211 can be made, for example, from two parts 212 and 214, which are then connected to one another, for example, by press fitting or welding or brazing.
  • the part 212 has a plate 229, which serves to deflect the gas mixture and has a plurality of fingers 237 on the periphery, which extend parallel to the axis 238. In the example shown, these fingers 237 have a practically triangular cross section.
  • the part 214 which is formed by a tube piece, is put over the fingers 237.
  • outlet openings 237 in the front section of the mixing head 211 at the periphery There are therefore outlet openings 237 in the front section of the mixing head 211 at the periphery.
  • a bore 233 is used for the detachable fastening of the mixing head 211 to the fastening pin 31 of the gas supply pipe 21 from FIG. 1, a screw 35 again being able to serve as fastening means.
  • This design of the mixing head is extremely stable and ensures a very uniform mixing of air and gas and a correspondingly uniform flame formation.
  • the reference number 41 denotes an aperture which is sealed off from the space 44 by means of the seal 42.
  • the diaphragm 41 has a centrally arranged passage 43, which serves for the air supply.
  • the diameter of this passage 43 is smaller than the inside diameter of the mixing head 11.
  • the diameter of the passage 43 is expediently forty to ninety percent, preferably sixty percent, of the inside diameter of the mixing head 11.
  • the electrodes 45 and the oil line 47 also extend through the passage 43 The electrodes 45 extend into the mixing chamber 23.
  • a disk 51 is fastened on the diaphragm 41 in such a way that a cavity 53 is created.
  • This cavity 53 is connected to a further gas line 55.
  • the opening 57 of the disk 51 has practically the same diameter as the opening 43 of the diaphragm 41.
  • the blower (not shown) or in another way in the space 44 in front of the orifice 41 generates a pressure which can be approximately 12 mb.
  • An air flow therefore arises through the passage 43 into the mixing space 23.
  • gas flows out of the annular gas outlet 49 and the outlet openings 25.
  • the gas / air mixture that is created is ignited by the electrodes 45.
  • the ignition takes place practically noiselessly in the mixing chamber 23, whereupon a short flame arises at the end of the mixing head 11.
  • Hot combustion gases are recirculated through space 19 to inlet 13. This recirculation takes place on the basis of the Venturi effect, which is brought about by the air flowing through the passage 43.
  • the deflection part 27 deflects the air / fuel mixture in the radial or tangential direction away from the mixing head 11. It depends on the position of the wings 39 whether the direction of movement is more radial or tangential.
  • the flame generated in this way is very stable and, thanks to the possible expansion to the outside, has a relatively low flame temperature, so that practically no nitrogen oxides are generated.
  • the start-up push is also low. Furthermore, the flame is held securely even under unfavorable conditions when the burner is adjusted and an impermissible production of carbon monoxide is prevented.
  • the annular gas outlet 49 can be used in combination with a nozzle 21 'for liquid fuel, which, as shown in dashed lines, extends to just in front of the orifice 41 in order to spray heating oil into the mixing chamber 23 when required, which then serves as a carburetor works.
  • the carburetor can be attached to the disk 51 with feet 20.
  • the energy required for gasification is supplied by the recirculation of hot fuel gases through the space 19.
  • the heating necessary for the start can take place either by operation with gas or by heating the mixing head 11 with an electric heater.
  • the burner according to the invention is largely independent of the geometry of the combustion chamber of the boiler.
  • the flame shape is hardly influenced by the shape of the boiler. Since the flame expands radially and is short, a relatively short combustion chamber is sufficient. After a short distance from the mixing head 11, the flame rests securely on the flame tube 17 and thus forms a flame curtain which separates the combustion chamber of the boiler from the annular space 19, so that the pressure conditions in the combustion chamber have no noticeable influence on the recirculation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Brûleur pour la combustion de combustibles gazeux et de combustibles liquides à l'état gazeux (brûleur mixte), comportant une tête mélangeuse (11) qui sert à la formation d'un mélange air/combustible et qui présente à l'arrière une admission (13) et à l'avant une sortie (15), un tube-foyer (17) qui entoure à distance la tête mélangeuse (11) et qui s'étend à peu près jusqu'à l'extrémité de la tête mélangeuse, l'espace intermédiaire (19) entre la tête mélangeuse (11) et le tube-foyer (17) servant de conduit de recirculation pour des gaz combustibles chauds vers l'admission (13) de la tête mélangeuse (11), un tube d'arrivée de gaz (21) disposé coaxialement par rapport à la tête mélangeuse, des moyens pour l'alimentation en combustible liquide, un diaphragme (41) disposé près de l'admission (13) de la tête mélangeuse (11) et présentant un passage central (43) pour l'arrivée d'air, l'arrivée de gaz et l'arrivée de combustible liquide, et un élément de déviation (29), disposé près de la sortie (15) de la tête mélangeuse (11) pour dévier le mélange air/combustible en direction radiale ou tangentielle à partir de la tête mélangeuse (11).
  2. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tube d'arrivée de gaz (21) passe à travers le passage (43) dans le diaphragme (41), s'étend à l'intérieur de la tête mélangeuse (11) et présente, dans la région de l'admission (13) de la tête mélangeuse (11), au moins un orifice de sortie de gaz (25).
  3. Brûleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le tube d'arrivée de gaz (21) présente une multiplicité d'orifices radiaux de sortie de gaz (25).
  4. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la tête mélangeuse (11) est constituée par un morceau de tube (12) qui, à l'avant, présente des orifices de sortie (15) à la périphérie et qui est fermé par l'élément de déviation (29).
  5. Brûleur selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le tube d'arrivée de gaz (21) présente un tenon de fixation (31) pour recevoir la tête mélangeuse (11).
  6. Brûleur selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, près des orifices de sortie (15) de la tête mélangeuse (11), des ailettes (39) qui sont formées par exemple par découpage à partir de la paroi du morceau de tube.
  7. Brûleur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes (39) sont disposées radialement.
  8. Brûleur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes (39) sont disposées de manière à former un angle avec le rayon.
  9. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes (39) font saillie vers l'intérieur.
  10. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la tête mélangeuse (211) présente un élément de déviation (212) comportant une multiplicité de doigts (239) disposés à sa périphérie et ayant par exemple une section triangulaire, doigts (239) sur lesquels est enfoncé un morceau de tube (214), chaque fente (237) entre deux doigts (239) formant un orifice de sortie.
  11. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le passage (43) prévu dans le diaphragme (41) pour l'arrivée d'air présente un diamètre qui est plus petit que le diamètre intérieur de la tête mélangeuse.
  12. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'une sortie de gaz (49), par exemple annulaire, est prévue près du passage (43) pour l'arrivée d'air.
  13. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que des électrodes d'allumage (45) s'étendent dans la tête mélangeuse (11) en traversant le passage (43).
EP90810023A 1989-01-09 1990-01-09 Brûleur pour la combustion des combustibles gazeux et/ou des combustibles liquides en état gazeux Expired - Lifetime EP0378517B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH53/89 1989-01-09
CH5389 1989-01-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0378517A2 EP0378517A2 (fr) 1990-07-18
EP0378517A3 EP0378517A3 (fr) 1991-07-31
EP0378517B1 true EP0378517B1 (fr) 1994-09-07

Family

ID=4178244

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90810023A Expired - Lifetime EP0378517B1 (fr) 1989-01-09 1990-01-09 Brûleur pour la combustion des combustibles gazeux et/ou des combustibles liquides en état gazeux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0378517B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE111204T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59007002D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0378517T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2063951T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0612959A1 (fr) * 1993-02-23 1994-08-31 D.W. Clysan B.V. Brûleur à venturi
DE4324298C2 (de) * 1993-07-20 1999-01-21 Elco Kloeckner Heiztech Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbrennung von flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen in Feuerungsanlagen und Brenner zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP0699867A3 (fr) * 1994-09-03 1996-09-11 Johannes Wilhelmus Graat Dispositif de combustion pour combustibles gazeux

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3035707A1 (de) * 1980-09-22 1982-04-08 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5000 Köln Oel- und gasbrenner zum einbau in heizungs- und dampferzeugungskessel
CH676743A5 (fr) * 1985-04-11 1991-02-28 Ygnis Sa
ES2021465B3 (es) * 1987-03-13 1991-11-01 Fuellemann Patent Ag Quemador
US5015173A (en) * 1988-06-09 1991-05-14 Vth Ag Verfahrenstechnik Fur Heizung Burner for the combustion of liquids in the gaseous state

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59007002D1 (de) 1994-10-13
ATE111204T1 (de) 1994-09-15
EP0378517A2 (fr) 1990-07-18
DK0378517T3 (da) 1995-02-13
EP0378517A3 (fr) 1991-07-31
ES2063951T3 (es) 1995-01-16

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