EP0378128A2 - Method for the selective flotation of phosphate ores - Google Patents
Method for the selective flotation of phosphate ores Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0378128A2 EP0378128A2 EP90100215A EP90100215A EP0378128A2 EP 0378128 A2 EP0378128 A2 EP 0378128A2 EP 90100215 A EP90100215 A EP 90100215A EP 90100215 A EP90100215 A EP 90100215A EP 0378128 A2 EP0378128 A2 EP 0378128A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flotation
- collector
- minerals
- formulas
- collectors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethanolammonium Chemical compound OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001748 carbonate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052585 phosphate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 15
- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- -1 sorbitan fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052628 phlogopite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052641 aegirine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052639 augite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KENFBJLFNVWFQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;phosphoric acid;silicic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O.O[Si](O)(O)O.OP(O)(O)=O KENFBJLFNVWFQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRAOIGDZVAEEED-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;silicic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O.O[Si](O)(O)O XRAOIGDZVAEEED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001521 polyalkylene glycol ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004094 preconcentration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013558 reference substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000180 silicate apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052861 titanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/008—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/02—Collectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/04—Frothers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/06—Depressants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
- B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
- B03D2203/06—Phosphate ores
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
- Y10S209/902—Froth flotation; phosphate
Definitions
- This invention relates to the separation of phosphorus minerals such as apatite, phosphorite, francolith etc. by means of flotation from crude ores or preconcentrates with the aid of anionic oxhydrile collectors which come from the group of monoalkyl alkenylsuccinic acid.
- flotation is a widespread sorting process for mineral raw materials, in which one or more valuable minerals are separated from the worthless ones.
- the mineral raw material is prepared for flotation by dry, but preferably wet, grinding of the pre-comminuted ore to a suitable grain size, which depends on the one hand on the degree of overgrowth, i.e. on the size of the individual grains in a mineral composite, and on the other hand according to the maximum to be flotated Grain size judges, which can be very different depending on the mineral.
- the type of flotation machine used also influences the maximum grain size to be floated. It is not the rule, but often, that the well crystallized igneous phosphate ores allow a coarser grinding (for example ⁇ 0.25 mm) than those of marine sedimentary origin (for example ⁇ 0.15 mm).
- Further steps in preparing a phosphate ore for flotation can include pre-separating worthless material on the one hand, for example, by heavy turbid cleavage (separation of relatively coarse constituents) and, on the other hand, by desludging (separation of fine-grain sludge).
- pre-separating worthless material on the one hand, for example, by heavy turbid cleavage (separation of relatively coarse constituents) and, on the other hand, by desludging (separation of fine-grain sludge).
- the removal of magnetic minerals, which are almost always present in phosphate ores of magmatic origin, by means of magnetic separation can also be considered as a pre-enrichment method.
- the invention is not limited to flotation processes which have been preceded by any pre-concentration.
- the present invention relates to the direct flotation of the phosphor minerals, but which can also follow a preceding reverse flotation step, which consists, for example, in a flotation of silicate minerals by means of cationic collectors.
- a large number of anionic and amphoteric chemical compounds are known as collectors for phosphorus minerals, for example unsaturated fatty acids (oil, linoleic, linolenic acid) and their sodium, potassium or ammonium soaps, mono- and dialkyl phosphates, alkanesulfocarboxylic acids, alkylarylsulfonates,
- Acylaminocarboxylic acids and alkylaminocarboxylic acids include.
- Collectors are also known which are adducts of sulfosuccinic acid (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,207,178; 4,192,739; 4,158,623; 4,139,481 and SU Pat. No. 1,113,317).
- Many of these chemical classes of compounds however, have a poor selectivity that does not allow the production of salable phosphate concentrates or the use of larger quantities of regulating reagents, especially of pusher pusher minerals.
- the invention thus relates to a process for the selective flotation of phosphorus minerals, in which the flotation slurry as a collector is a compound of the formulas 1a and 1b wherein R 'is branched or unbranched C 8 -C 24 alkenyl, R 2 is branched or unbranched C, -C 4 alkyl and M is hydrogen, ammonium, triethanolammonium, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal atom.
- alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters are prepared in a known manner by reacting alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with C 1 -C 4 alcohols in a molar ratio of 1: 1. To complete the reaction, either heated to about 80-120 ° C. for 5 hours or catalytic amounts of the corresponding alcoholate were added. In this case the reaction is complete after one hour.
- alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters are suitable for flotation of all phosphorus minerals, such as apatite, phosphorite or francolite from crude ores or preconcentrates with a carbonate and / or silicate gait from ores of magmatic as well as sedimentary or metamorphic origin.
- These alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters are added to the flotation slurry, preferably in quantities of 20 to 2000, in particular 50 to 200 g, per ton of raw ore or preconcentrate to be floated. This collector can be added gradually in several portions or in a single one.
- Suitable compounds are, for example, alcohols with n- or iso-alkyl chains, alkylene oxide adducts of alcohols, alkylphenols and fatty acids, fatty acid alkanolamides, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyalkylene glycols, alkyl or alkenyl glycosides, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, etc.
- auxiliary reagents are used for flotation find, the ratio of primary collector to secondary collector / co-adsorbent can vary within wide limits, for example from 10-90% by weight for the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters and from 90-10% by weight for the secondary collector and co-adsorbents.
- the amount of active substance in the primary collector is usually greater than that in the auxiliary reagents, but this does not rule out the reverse.
- the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters hydrophobize the phosphorus minerals so selectively that the other minerals present in the ore remain hydrophilic, ie are not collected in the foam on the surface of the flotation slurry.
- one or more pushers must be used for the gangue minerals to improve the separation success.
- Suitable inorganic or organic chemical pushers are, for example, sodium silicate, hydrofluoric acid (HF), sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium silicofluoride (Na 2 SiF 6 ), hexameta- or tripolyphosphates, lignin sulfonates and hydrophilic, relatively low molecular weight polysaccharides such as starch (maize, Rice, potato starch, alkaline digested), carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfomethyl cellulose, gum arabic, guar gums, substitute te guar derivatives (e.g.
- the pH value of the flotation slurry also plays a role in the foam flotation of phosphate ores. It is usually between 7 and 11, with apatite ores preferably being operated at higher pH values from 9 to 11 and phosphorite ores preferably at lower pH values from 7 to 9.
- the optimal pH of the flotation slurry which can be decisive for the success of the flotation, differs from ore to ore and must be determined by laboratory and operational tests. Soda (Na 2 CO 3 ), caustic soda (NaOH) or caustic potash (KOH) can be used to regulate the pH.
- Collector H16 sodium salt of a mixture
- collector D18 collector H17 sodium salt of a mixture of
- the natural phosphate ores used for the tests can be characterized as follows.
- Ore type A P 2 O 5 content approx. 12.8%, corresponding to approx. 30% by mass apatite; Gait minerals: titanite, titanomagnetite, feldspar, feldspar (mostly nepheline), pyroxenes (mostly aegirine) and mica; Grinding to 80% by mass ⁇ 110 ⁇ m.
- Ore type B P 2 0 5 content approx. 15.3%, corresponding to approx. 36% by mass apatite; Gait minerals and Grinding as with ore type A.
- Ore type C P 2 0s content approx. 9.0%, corresponding to approx. 21 mass% apatite; Gait minerals: carbonate minerals (mostly calcite, some dolomite), olivine (mostly forsterite), mica (mostly phlogopite); Magnetite, which was largely removed by magnetic separation before flotation; Grinding to 80% by mass ⁇ 135 um.
- Ore type D P 2 0s content approx. 5.7%, corresponding to approx. 13.5 mass% apatite;
- Gait minerals carbonate minerals (mainly calcite, little dolomite), pyroxenes (eg augite), mica (mostly phlogopite), titanium magnetite; Magnetite separated by magnetic separation before flotation; Grinding to 80% by mass ⁇ 270 ⁇ m.
- the superiority of the collectors according to the invention is clear because the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters with short ester groups R 2 require amounts which are only about 1/5 of those of the comparison substances with longer ester groups R 2 (collectors V3 and H13).
- the P 2 0 5 contents of the final concentrates (38.5 to 39.3%; mean value 39.0%) are so close together that a direct comparison of the activity of the individual collectors is possible.
- the superiority of the substances according to the invention with short ester chains R 2 is demonstrated.
- the comparison collector V3 requires at least five times the amount to achieve the same P 2 0s output.
- Ore type B was used for the flotation tests, which is similar to ore A in mineralogical terms, but is somewhat richer in apatite (average P 2 0s content 15.3%).
- the preparation of this ore for flotation and the test procedure corresponded to those of Example 1.
- the collector H7 according to the invention was compared with the three comparison products V1, V2 and V3. The individual results are shown in Table 3.
- the superiority of the collector H7 according to the invention is also evident in the flotation of this ore.
- the selectivity of the H7 collector ie the achievable apatite enrichment in the final concentrate depending on the apatite yield, is better than that of Comparative collector. It can be assumed that at least for the comparative collector V1 an additional fourth cleaning stage would be required in order to obtain the same concentrate quality, which would mean additional expenditure for flotation machines and energy consumption.
- the purpose of the flotation tests of this example is to demonstrate the compatibility of the collectors according to the invention with different salt contents of the flotation slurry.
- Ore type B and its preparation for flotation correspond to those of example 5.
- the total salinity of the liquid phase was increased from 690 to 1600 mg / l, which occurs during operation with 100% recirculation of the process water without fresh water supply would.
- two flotation tests were also combined into a so-called "closed circuit test" by including the middle products of the first test in the second, i.e. the middle product 1 of the first experiment was added to the flotation task of the second experiment, the middle product 2 to the task of the first post-cleaning of the second experiment, etc.
- the activity and selectivity of the collectors according to the invention is therefore retained even at very high salt contents in the flotation slurry. A complete recirculation of the process water is therefore possible without the risk of flotation success, which is important for the protection of the environment.
- ore type C (average P 2 0 5 content approx. 9.0%) was used, which is characterized above all by high levels of calcite and forsterite. Pyroxenes, phlogopite and dolomite are represented in small quantities. The presence of minerals in this type of ore, which have very similar flotation properties to apatite, inevitably leads to a reduction in selectivity, regardless of the type of collector used. The magnetite portion was largely removed by magnetic separation before flotation. The ore was ground to 80% by mass ⁇ 135 ⁇ m with deionized water, which was also used in the further flotation process. The flotation task was not desludged.
- the pH of the flotation slurry was adjusted to approx. 10.5 - 10.7 using soda (approx. 150 g / t; conditioning time 1 minute).
- Soda water glass (approx. 700 g / t; conditioning time 3 minutes) served as a dispersant and pusher.
- the collector was then added; Conditioning time 3 minutes.
- the rougher concentrate was cleaned three times without the addition of reagents, so that three middle products were obtained in addition to the final concentrate and the mountains.
- the selectivity of the comparison collector V3, ie the P 2 0s contents, is dependent on the associated P20s output values initially equal to the inventive collector H7; however, it then decreases very quickly, at least faster than that of the collector H7, which ultimately not only reacts more actively but also more selectively.
- Table 4 also shows the two collector mixtures H15 and H16, which are combinations of alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters according to the invention with unsaturated technical-quality fatty acid fractions (e.g. collector D18).
- the flotation activity of the collectors according to the invention can be increased by adding suitable fatty acids, and even a synergistic effect occurs, since the output values of the collector mixtures (H15, H16) are higher than those of the individual components (H7, D18).
- the selectivity for the collector mixtures H15 and H16 is averaged between the individual components H7 and D18, i.e.
- these mixtures are not quite as selective as the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters according to the invention, but are still clearly more selective than the comparative collector V3.
- the selectivity can be improved by shifting the mixing ratio of collectors according to the invention to secondary collectors in favor of the primary collectors.
- An increase in selectivity by two points is also possible, for example, by adding 10% of a fatty acid oxalkylate, ie. of an anionic co-adsorbent, as contained in the collector H17.
- the flotation was carried out with deionized water. First, 500 g / t of starch which had been digested with NaOH were added to the flotation slurry (conditioning time 7 minutes), as a result of which the pH of the flotation slurry adjusted to approximately 10.5. By partially pressing the calcite, the starch supports the selectivity of the flotation process.
- the slurry was then conditioned with the respective collector (duration 3 minutes), the amount added was varied (see Table 5).
- the flotation then proceeded as usual: foaming a preconcentrate (flotation time 2.5 minutes), the final mountains remaining in the flotation cell; three times after-cleaning of the pre-concentrate (flotation time 2 minutes each), whereby the final concentrate and three middle products were obtained.
- the individual results are shown in Table 5.
- the collectors H6, H7, H8, H9, H10 and H14 according to the invention are compared with the comparative collectors V1 and V2. With this type of ore - under otherwise the same flotation conditions - the collectors according to the invention demonstrate their superiority in terms of both activity and selectivity.
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Abstract
Verfahren zur selektiven Flotation von Phosphormineralen, Verfahren zur selektiven Flotation von Phosphatmineralien, wobei man der Flotationstrübe als Sammler eine Verbindung der Formeln 1a bzw. 1b <IMAGE> worin R¹ verzweigtes oder unverzweigtes C8-C24-Alkenyl, R² verzweigtes oder unverzweigtes C1-C4-Alkyl und M Wasserstoff, Ammonium, Triethanolammonium, ein Alkalimetallatom oder ein Erdalkalimetallatom bedeuten, zugibt.Process for the selective flotation of phosphorus minerals, process for the selective flotation of phosphate minerals, wherein the flotation slurry as collector is a compound of the formulas 1a and 1b <IMAGE> wherein R¹ is branched or unbranched C8-C24 alkenyl, R² is branched or unbranched C1-C4- Alkyl and M represent hydrogen, ammonium, triethanolammonium, an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom.
Description
Diese Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Abtrennung von Phosphormineralen wie Apatit, Phosphorit, Francolith usw. mittels Flotation aus Roherzen oder Vorkonzentraten mit Hilfe von anionischen Oxhydrilsammlern, die aus der Gruppe der Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester stammen.This invention relates to the separation of phosphorus minerals such as apatite, phosphorite, francolith etc. by means of flotation from crude ores or preconcentrates with the aid of anionic oxhydrile collectors which come from the group of monoalkyl alkenylsuccinic acid.
Nach Winnacker und Küchler: Chemische Technologie, Band 4 (Metalle), 4. Auflage, Carl Hanser Verlag München Wien, 1986, Seite 66 sind Sammler organisch-chemische Verbindungen, die neben einem oder mehreren apolaren Kohlenwasserstoffresten eine oder mehrere chemisch aktive polare Gruppen tragen, die in der Lage sind, an aktiven Zentren des Minerals zu adsorbieren und es dadurch zu hydrophobieren.According to Winnacker and Küchler: Chemische Technologie, Volume 4 (Metals), 4th edition, Carl Hanser Verlag Munich Vienna, 1986, page 66 are collectors of organic chemical compounds that carry one or more apolar hydrocarbon residues and one or more chemically active polar groups which are able to adsorb at active centers of the mineral and thereby make it hydrophobic.
Wie bekannt ist, ist die Flotation (Schaumschwimmaufbereitung) ein weitverbreitetes Sortierverfahren für mineralische Rohstoffe, bei dem ein oder mehrere wertvolle Minerale von den wertlosen getrennt werden. Die Vorbereitung des mineralischen Rohstoffes zur Flotation erfolgt durch trockene, vorzugsweise jedoch nasse Vermahlung des vorzerkleinerten Erzes auf eine geeignete Korngröße, die sich einerseits nach dem Verwachsungsgrad, das heißt nach der Größe der Einzelkörner in einem Mineralverbund, und andererseits auch nach der noch zu flotierenden maximalen Korngröße richtet, die je nach Mineral sehr verschieden sein kann. Auch der verwendete Flotationsmaschinentyp beeinflußt die noch zu flotierende maximale Korngröße. Es ist zwar nicht die Regel, aber häufig, daß die gut kristallisierten magmatischen Phosphaterze eine gröbere Aufmahlung (zum Beispiel < 0,25 mm) erlauben als diejenigen marin-sedimentären Ursprungs (zum Beispiel < 0,15 mm).As is known, flotation (foam floating treatment) is a widespread sorting process for mineral raw materials, in which one or more valuable minerals are separated from the worthless ones. The mineral raw material is prepared for flotation by dry, but preferably wet, grinding of the pre-comminuted ore to a suitable grain size, which depends on the one hand on the degree of overgrowth, i.e. on the size of the individual grains in a mineral composite, and on the other hand according to the maximum to be flotated Grain size judges, which can be very different depending on the mineral. The type of flotation machine used also influences the maximum grain size to be floated. It is not the rule, but often, that the well crystallized igneous phosphate ores allow a coarser grinding (for example <0.25 mm) than those of marine sedimentary origin (for example <0.15 mm).
Weitere Schritte der Vorbereitung eines Phosphaterzes zur Flotation können in einer Vorabscheidung wertlosen Materials einerseits zum Beispiel durch eine Schwertrübescheidung (Abtrennung relativ grober Bestandteile), andererseits durch eine Entschlämmung (Abtrennung feinstkörniger Schlämme) bestehen. Auch die Entfernung magnetischer Minerale, die fast immer in Phosphaterzen magmatischen Ursprungs anwesend sind, mit Hilfe der Magnetscheidung kommt als Voranreicherungsmethode in Betracht. Die Erfindung beschränkt sich jedoch nicht auf Flotationsprozesse, denen irgendeine Vorkonzentration voraufgegangen ist.Further steps in preparing a phosphate ore for flotation can include pre-separating worthless material on the one hand, for example, by heavy turbid cleavage (separation of relatively coarse constituents) and, on the other hand, by desludging (separation of fine-grain sludge). The removal of magnetic minerals, which are almost always present in phosphate ores of magmatic origin, by means of magnetic separation can also be considered as a pre-enrichment method. However, the invention is not limited to flotation processes which have been preceded by any pre-concentration.
Bezüglich der im Schaum zu gewinnenden Minerale unterscheidet man zwei Verfahrensweisen. Bei der direkten Flotation werden das oder die wertvollen Minerale im Schaum, der auf der Oberfläche der Flotationstrübe erzeugt wird, gesammelt, was eine vorhergehende Hydrophobierung ihrer Oberflächen mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer Sammler bedingt. In den Flotationsabgängen befinden sich dann die wertlosen Minerale. Bei der umgekehrten Flotation werden die wertlosen Minerale durch Sammler hydrophobiert, während die Flotationsabgänge das eigentliche Wertkonzentrat bilden. Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf die direkte Flotation der Phosphorminerale, die aber auch einer vorausgehenden umgekehrten Flotationsstufe folgen kann, die zum Beispiel in einer Flotation silicatischer Minerale mittels kationischer Sammler besteht.A distinction is made between two procedures with regard to the minerals to be extracted in the foam. In direct flotation, the valuable mineral or minerals are collected in the foam that is generated on the surface of the flotation slurry, which requires a previous hydrophobization of their surfaces with the help of one or more collectors. The worthless minerals are then in the flotation exits. In the case of reverse flotation, the worthless minerals are made hydrophobic by collectors, while the flotation exits form the actual value concentrate. The present invention relates to the direct flotation of the phosphor minerals, but which can also follow a preceding reverse flotation step, which consists, for example, in a flotation of silicate minerals by means of cationic collectors.
Als Sammler für Phosphorminerale sind eine große Anzahl von anionischen und amphoteren chemischen Verbindungen bekannt, zu denen zum Beispiel ungesättigte Fettsäuren (ÖI-, Linol-, Linolensäure) und deren Natrium-, Kalium- oder Ammoniumseifen, Mono- und Dialkylphosphate, Alkansulfocarbonsäuren, Alkylarylsulfonate,A large number of anionic and amphoteric chemical compounds are known as collectors for phosphorus minerals, for example unsaturated fatty acids (oil, linoleic, linolenic acid) and their sodium, potassium or ammonium soaps, mono- and dialkyl phosphates, alkanesulfocarboxylic acids, alkylarylsulfonates,
Acylaminocarbonsäuren und Alkylaminocarbonsäuren gehören. Weiterhin sind Sammler bekannt, die Addukte der Sulfobernsteinsäure sind (siehe zum Beispiel US-Pat. Nrs. 4,207,178; 4,192,739; 4,158,623; 4,139,481 und SU-Pat. Nr. 1,113,317). Vielen dieser chemischen Verbindungsklassen haftet jedoch eine mangelhafte Selektivität an, die die Erzeugung verkaufsfähiger Phosphatkonzentrate nicht gestattet bzw. den Einsatz größerer Mengen an regelnden Reagenzien, speziell an Drückern für die Gangartminerale erforderlich macht.Acylaminocarboxylic acids and alkylaminocarboxylic acids include. Collectors are also known which are adducts of sulfosuccinic acid (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,207,178; 4,192,739; 4,158,623; 4,139,481 and SU Pat. No. 1,113,317). Many of these chemical classes of compounds, however, have a poor selectivity that does not allow the production of salable phosphate concentrates or the use of larger quantities of regulating reagents, especially of pusher pusher minerals.
In dem UdSSR Urherberschein 1 084 076 werden Sammler für Phosphorminerale, speziell Apatit, vom Typ der Alkyl- und Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester mit der allgemeinen Formel
In einer weiteren Veröffentlichung von W.A. Iwanowa und LB. Bredermann: "Alkyl(Alkenyl)-bernsteinsäurealkylmonoester - effektiver Sammler für die Apatitflotation" (aus dem Buch: A.M. Golman und I.L. Dimitrijewa (Herausgeber): Flotationsreagenzien, Verlag "Nauka", Moskau, 1986; siehe auch Chem. Abstr. 106 (14): 104652n) wird R' aus der oben genannten Formel ebenfalls auf C8-C12-Alkenyl- bzw. Cio-C13-Alkylreste und die zur Veresterung verwendeten primären Alkohole auf solche mit R2 = C7-C12-Resten beschränkt.In another publication by WA Iwanowa and LB. Bredermann: "Alkyl (alkenyl) succinic acid alkyl monoester - effective collector for apatite flotation" (from the book: AM Golman and IL Dimitrijewa (editor): Flotationsreagenzien, Verlag "Nauka", Moscow, 1986; see also Chem. Abstr. 106 (14 ): 104652n) R 'from the above formula is also on C 8 -C 12 alkenyl or Cio-C 13 alkyl radicals and the primary alcohols used for the esterification on those with R 2 = C 7 -C 12 radicals limited.
In vielen Laborflotationsversuchen mit verschiedenen carbonatisch-silicatischen Phosphaterzen wurde nun gefunden, daß man nicht nur die Aktivität, sondern auch die Selektivität der Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester sehr deutlich steigern kann, wenn zur Veresterung der Alkenylbernsteinsäure bzw. des Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids möglichst kurzkettige Alkohole, d.h. Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol und lsopropanol, Butanol, Isobutanol und sekundäres Butanol verwendet und wenn als Basisprodukte der Alkenylbersteinsäureanhydride Olefine aus dem Bereich von n- oder iso-C8-C24 eingesetzt werden.In many laboratory flotation experiments with various carbonate-silicate phosphate ores, it has now been found that not only the activity but also the selectivity of the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters can be increased very significantly if the short-chain alcohols, ie methanol, ethanol, are used for the esterification of the alkenylsuccinic acid or the alkenylsuccinic anhydride , Propanol and isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol and secondary butanol are used and if olefins from the range of n- or iso-C 8 -C 24 are used as base products of the alkenyl succinic anhydrides.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit ein Verfahren zur selektiven Flotation von Phosphormineralen, bei dem man der Flotationstrübe als Sammler eine Verbindung der Formeln 1a bzw. 1 b
Die Herstellung dieser Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester erfolgt in bekannter Weise durch Reaktion von Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydriden mit C,-C4-Alkoholen im Molverhältnis 1:1. Zur vollständigen Umsetzung erhitzt man entweder 5 Stunden lang auf ca. 80 - 120 °C oder man setzt katalytische Mengen des entsprechenden Alkoholats zu. In diesem Fall ist die Reaktion nach einer Stunde beendet.These alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters are prepared in a known manner by reacting alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with C 1 -C 4 alcohols in a molar ratio of 1: 1. To complete the reaction, either heated to about 80-120 ° C. for 5 hours or catalytic amounts of the corresponding alcoholate were added. In this case the reaction is complete after one hour.
Die oben genannten Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester eignen sich zur Flotation aller Phosphorminerale, wie Apatit, Phosphorit oder Francolith aus Roherzen oder Vorkonzentraten mit carbonatischer und/oder silicatischer Gangart sowohl aus Erzen magmatischer als auch sedimentärer oder metamorphorer Genese. Diese Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester werden der Flotationstrübe zugegeben und zwar in Mengen vorzugsweise von 20 bis 2000, insbesondere von 50 bis 200 g pro Tonne zu flotierendes Roherz oder Vorkonzentrat. Die Zugabe dieses Sammlers kann stufenweise in mehreren Portionen oder in einer einzigen geschehen.The abovementioned alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters are suitable for flotation of all phosphorus minerals, such as apatite, phosphorite or francolite from crude ores or preconcentrates with a carbonate and / or silicate gait from ores of magmatic as well as sedimentary or metamorphic origin. These alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters are added to the flotation slurry, preferably in quantities of 20 to 2000, in particular 50 to 200 g, per ton of raw ore or preconcentrate to be floated. This collector can be added gradually in several portions or in a single one.
Es ist bekannt, die Flotationseigenschaften anionischer Oxhydrilsammler durch Sekundärsammler bzw. Co-adsorbentien im positiven Sinne zu modifizieren. Dies bezieht sich meistens nicht so sehr auf die Selektivität des Primärsammlers als vielmehr auf dessen Aktivität, d.h. auf dessen Einsatzmenge, und auf die Regulierung der Schaumentwicklung. Auch für die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester kommt die Kombination mit Sekundärsammlern in Betracht. Zu derartigen allgemein bekannten Substanzen zählen beispielsweise destillierte oder rohe, vorzugsweise ungesättigte Fettsäurefraktionen. Auch nichtionische Substanzen kommen in Betracht, vorzugsweise solche, die wasserunlöslich sind und polaren Charakter besitzen. Geeignete Verbindungen sind zum Beispiel Alkohole mit n- oder iso-Alkylketten, Alkylenoxidaddukte von Alkoholen, Alkylphenolen und Fettsäuren, Fettsäure-alkanolamide, Sorbitan-fettsäureester, Polyalkylenglykole, Alkyl- bzw. Alkenylglycoside, gesättigte und ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe usw. Falls solche Hilfsreagenzien zur Flotation Verwendung finden, kann das Verhältnis von Primärsammler zum Sekundärsammler/Co-adsorbens in weiten Grenzen, beispielsweise von 10 - 90 Gew.-% für die Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester und von 90 - 10 Gew.-% für die Sekundärsammler und Co-adsorbentien, schwanken. Üblicherweise ist die Wirksubstanzmenge des Primärsammlers größer als die der Hilfsreagenzien, was aber umgekehrte Verhältnisse nicht ausschließt.It is known to modify the flotation properties of anionic oxhydril collectors in a positive sense by means of secondary collectors or co-adsorbents. This mostly does not relate so much to the selectivity of the primary collector as to its activity, i.e. on the amount used and on the regulation of foam development. The combination with secondary collectors also comes into consideration for the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters to be used according to the invention. Such generally known substances include, for example, distilled or crude, preferably unsaturated, fatty acid fractions. Nonionic substances are also suitable, preferably those which are insoluble in water and have a polar character. Suitable compounds are, for example, alcohols with n- or iso-alkyl chains, alkylene oxide adducts of alcohols, alkylphenols and fatty acids, fatty acid alkanolamides, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyalkylene glycols, alkyl or alkenyl glycosides, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, etc. If such auxiliary reagents are used for flotation find, the ratio of primary collector to secondary collector / co-adsorbent can vary within wide limits, for example from 10-90% by weight for the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters and from 90-10% by weight for the secondary collector and co-adsorbents. The amount of active substance in the primary collector is usually greater than that in the auxiliary reagents, but this does not rule out the reverse.
In den meisten Fällen hydrophobieren die Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester so selektiv die Phosphorminerale, daß die im Erz anwesenden übrigen Minerale hydrophil bleiben, also nicht im Schaum auf der Oberfläche der Flotationstrübe gesammelt werden. Es ist jedoch, abhängig vom Mineralbestand des jeweiligen Erzes, nicht auszuschließen, daß zur Verbesserung des Trennungserfolges ein oder mehrere Drücker für die Gangartminerale eingesetzt werden müssen. Geeignete anorganisch- oder organisch-chemische Drücker sind z.B. Natron-Wasserglas, Fluorwasserstoffsäure (HF), Natriumfluorid (NaF), Natriumsilicofluorid (Na2SiF6), Hexameta- oder Tripolyphosphate, Ligninsulfonate sowie hydrophile, relativ niedrigmolekulare Polysaccharide wie Stärke (Mais-, Reis-, Kartoffelstärke, alkalisch aufgeschlossen), Carboxymethylstärke, Carboxymethylcellulose, Sulfomethylcellulose, Gummi arabicum, Guar gums, substituierte Guarderivate (z.B. Carboxymethyl-, Hydroxypropyl- und Carboxymethyl-hydroxypropyl-guars), Tannine, Alginate, Phenolpolymere (z.B. Resol, Novolak), Phenol-Formaldehyd-Copolymere, Polyacrylate, Polyacrylamide usw.In most cases, the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters hydrophobize the phosphorus minerals so selectively that the other minerals present in the ore remain hydrophilic, ie are not collected in the foam on the surface of the flotation slurry. However, depending on the mineral content of the respective ore, it cannot be ruled out that one or more pushers must be used for the gangue minerals to improve the separation success. Suitable inorganic or organic chemical pushers are, for example, sodium silicate, hydrofluoric acid (HF), sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium silicofluoride (Na 2 SiF 6 ), hexameta- or tripolyphosphates, lignin sulfonates and hydrophilic, relatively low molecular weight polysaccharides such as starch (maize, Rice, potato starch, alkaline digested), carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfomethyl cellulose, gum arabic, guar gums, substitute te guar derivatives (e.g. carboxymethyl, hydroxypropyl and carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guars), tannins, alginates, phenolic polymers (e.g. resol, novolak), phenol-formaldehyde copolymers, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides etc.
Als Flotationsschäumer bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kommen, sofern erforderlich, alle hierfür bekannten Produkte in Frage, wie beispielsweise Terpenalkohole (Pine Oils), Alkylpolyalkylenglykolether oder Polyalkylenglykole.If necessary, all products known for this purpose, such as, for example, terpene alcohols (pine oils), alkyl polyalkylene glycol ethers or polyalkylene glycols, are suitable as flotation foams in the process according to the invention.
Bei der Schaumflotation von Phosphaterzen spielt auch der pH-Wert der Flotationstrübe eine Rolle. Üblicherweise liegt er zwischen 7 und 11, wobei bei Apatit-Erzen vorzugsweise bei höheren pH-Werten von 9 bis 11 und bei Phosphorit-Erzen vorzugsweise bei niedrigeren pH-Werten von 7 bis 9 gearbeitet wird. Der optimale pH-Wert der Flotationstrübe, der für den Flotationserfolg entscheidend sein kann, ist von Erz zu Erz verschieden und muß durch Labor- und Betriebsversuche bestimmt werden. Zur Regulierung des pH-Wertes können Soda (Na2C03), Ätznatron (NaOH) oder Ätzkali (KOH) verwendet werden.The pH value of the flotation slurry also plays a role in the foam flotation of phosphate ores. It is usually between 7 and 11, with apatite ores preferably being operated at higher pH values from 9 to 11 and phosphorite ores preferably at lower pH values from 7 to 9. The optimal pH of the flotation slurry, which can be decisive for the success of the flotation, differs from ore to ore and must be determined by laboratory and operational tests. Soda (Na 2 CO 3 ), caustic soda (NaOH) or caustic potash (KOH) can be used to regulate the pH.
In den folgenden Beispielen wird die Überlegenheit der erfindungsgemäßen Sammler durch Vergleich mit den Sammlern die in der SU-Patentschrift 1 084 076 beschrieben sind, demonstriert. Folgende Produkte wurden verwendet.In the following examples, the superiority of the collectors according to the invention is demonstrated by comparison with the collectors described in SU patent 1,084,076. The following products were used.
Vergleichsprodukte gemäß SU-Patent 1 084 076:
- Sammler V1 : iC9-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-C8-10-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler V2 : iC9-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-C12-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler V3 : nC12-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-C12-18-ester Na-Salz
- Collector V1: iC 9 alkenylsuccinic acid mono C 8-10 ester Na salt
- Collector V2: iC 9 alkenyl succinic acid mono C 12 ester Na salt
- Collector V3: nC 12 alkenylsuccinic acid mono C 12-18 ester Na salt
Produkte gemäß vorliegender Erfindung:
- Sammler H4 : nC12-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-iC3H7-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H5 : C14-16-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-iC3H7-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H6 : C16-18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-CH3-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H7 : - C16-18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-iC3H7-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H8 : C16-18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-iC4H9-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H9 : C1s-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-CH3-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H10: C18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-C2H5-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H11: C18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-iC3H7-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H12: C18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-iC4H9-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H13: C18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-nC12-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H14: C16-18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure-mono-C2H5-ester Na-Salz
- Sammler H15: Natriumsalz einer Mischung aus
- Collector H4: nC 12 alkenylsuccinic acid mono-iC 3 H 7 ester Na salt
- Collector H5: C 14-16 alkenylsuccinic acid mono-iC 3 H 7 ester Na salt
- Collector H6: C 16-18 alkenylsuccinic acid mono-CH 3 ester Na salt
- Collector H7: - C 16-18 alkenylsuccinic acid mono-iC 3 H 7 ester Na salt
- Collector H8: C 16-18 alkenylsuccinic acid mono-iC 4 H 9 ester Na salt
- Collector H9: C1s-alkenylsuccinic acid mono-CH3-ester Na salt
- Collector H10: C 18 alkenyl succinic acid mono C 2 H 5 ester Na salt
- Collector H11: C 18 alkenylsuccinic acid mono-iC 3 H 7 ester Na salt
- Collector H12: C 18 alkenylsuccinic acid mono-iC 4 H 9 ester Na salt
- Collector H13: C 18 alkenylsuccinic acid mono-nC 12 ester Na salt
- Collector H14: C 16-18 alkenylsuccinic acid mono C 2 H 5 ester Na salt
- Collector H15: sodium salt of a mixture of
30 Gew.-% Sammler H530% by weight collector H5
70 Gew.-% destillierte Tallölfettsäure mit ca. 50 % Ölsäure, ca. 37 % Linolsäure und ca. 1 % Harzsäuren Sammler H16: Natriumsalz einer Mischung aus70% by weight distilled tall oil fatty acid with approx. 50% oleic acid, approx. 37% linoleic acid and approx. 1% resin acids. Collector H16: sodium salt of a mixture
Gew.-% Sammler H14% By weight collector H14
Gew.-% Sammler D18 Sammler H17: Natriumsalz einer Mischung aus% By weight collector D18 collector H17: sodium salt of a mixture of
30 Gew.-% Sammler H530% by weight collector H5
70 Gew.-% destillierte Tallölfettsäure (wie im Sammler H15 enthalten)70% by weight distilled tall oil fatty acid (as contained in collector H15)
Andere anionische Oxhydrilsammler zum Vergleich:
- Sammler D18: Tallölfettsäure, nicht destilliert, mit ca. 47 % Fettsäuren und ca. 37 % Harzsäuren; verseift mit NaOH
- Collector D18: tall oil fatty acid, not distilled, with approx. 47% fatty acids and approx. 37% resin acids; saponified with NaOH
Bei allen folgenden Beispielen wurden jeweils ca. 400 g natürlicher Phosphaterze mit einer Labor-Flotationsmaschine Typ D-12 der Fa. Denver Equipment, USA mit Flotationszellen von 2,5 1 (Rougher) und 1,0 I Volumen (Cleaner) flotiert.In all of the following examples, approximately 400 g of natural phosphate ores were flotated with a laboratory flotation machine type D-12 from Denver Equipment, USA with flotation cells of 2.5 l (Rougher) and 1.0 l volume (cleaner).
Die für die Versuche eingesetzten natürlichen Phosphaterze lassen sich wie folgt charakterisieren.The natural phosphate ores used for the tests can be characterized as follows.
Erztyp A : P2O5-Gehalt ca. 12,8 %, entsprechend ca. 30 Masse-% Apatit; Gangartminerale: Titanit, Titanomagnetit, Feldspat, Feldspatoide (i.w. Nephelin), Pyroxene (i.w. Aegirin) und Glimmer; Vermahlung auf 80 Masse-% < 110 um.Ore type A: P 2 O 5 content approx. 12.8%, corresponding to approx. 30% by mass apatite; Gait minerals: titanite, titanomagnetite, feldspar, feldspar (mostly nepheline), pyroxenes (mostly aegirine) and mica; Grinding to 80% by mass <110 µm.
Erztyp B : P205-Gehalt ca. 15,3 %, entsprechend ca. 36 Masse-% Apatit; Gangartminerale und Vermahlung wie beim Erztyp A.Ore type B: P 2 0 5 content approx. 15.3%, corresponding to approx. 36% by mass apatite; Gait minerals and Grinding as with ore type A.
Erztyp C : P20s-Gehalt ca. 9,0 %, entsprechend ca. 21 Masse-% Apatit; Gangartminerale: Carbonatminerale (i.w. Calcit, etwas Dolomit), Olivin (i.w. Forsterit), Glimmer (i.w. Phlogopit); Magnetit, der durch Magnetscheidung vor der Flotation weitgehend entfernt wurde; Vermahlung auf 80 Masse-% < 135 Um.Ore type C: P 2 0s content approx. 9.0%, corresponding to approx. 21 mass% apatite; Gait minerals: carbonate minerals (mostly calcite, some dolomite), olivine (mostly forsterite), mica (mostly phlogopite); Magnetite, which was largely removed by magnetic separation before flotation; Grinding to 80% by mass <135 um.
Erztyp D : P20s-Gehalt ca. 5,7 %, entsprechend ca. 13,5 Masse-% Apatit; Gangartminerale: Carbonatminerale (i.w. Calcit, wenig Dolomit), Pyroxene (z.B. Augit), Glimmer (i.w. Phlogopit), Titanomagnetit; Magnetit, der durch Magnetscheidung vor der Flotation abgetrennt wurde; Vermahlung auf 80 Masse-% < 270 um.Ore type D: P 2 0s content approx. 5.7%, corresponding to approx. 13.5 mass% apatite; Gait minerals: carbonate minerals (mainly calcite, little dolomite), pyroxenes (eg augite), mica (mostly phlogopite), titanium magnetite; Magnetite separated by magnetic separation before flotation; Grinding to 80% by mass <270 µm.
Für die Flotationsversuche wurde der Erztyp A (mittl. P2O5-Gehalt 12,8 %) verwendet, naß vermahlen auf 80 Gew.-% kleiner als 0,110 mm. Der Mahlung und der Flotation wurde ein Wasser mit einer Gesamtsalinität von 690 mg/I zugegeben, dessen Gehalt an gelösten Salzen qualitativ und quantitativ so zusammengesetzt war, wie er im Wasser eines industriellen Flotationsbetriebs entsteht. Jeder Flotationsversuch bestand aus folgenden Stufen:
- Konditionierung der Flotationstrübe mit 150 g/t Natron-Wasserglas als Dispergator für eine Dauer von 3 Minuten; Konditionierung der Flotationstrübe mit dem Sammler, dessen Zugabemenge variiert wurde (s. Ergebnisse) für eine Dauer von 3 Minuten;
- Conditioning the flotation slurry with 150 g / t sodium water glass as a dispersant for a period of 3 minutes; Conditioning the flotation slurry with the collector, the amount added was varied (see results) for a period of 3 minutes;
Rougherflotation für eine Dauer von 2 Minuten; dreimalige Nachreinigung (Cleanerflotation) des in der Rougherflotation erhaltenen Schaumprodukts (Rougher-Konzentrat), Flotationsdauer jeweils 2 Minuten.Rougher flotation for 2 minutes; three times subsequent cleaning (cleaner flotation) of the foam product obtained in the rougher flotation (rougher concentrate), flotation time in each case 2 minutes.
In den Tabellen bedeuten C = Konzentrat (Concentrate); F = Aufgabe (Feed); M1, M2 und M3 = Mittelprodukte (Middlings) T = Abgänge (Tailings)In the tables, C = concentrate; F = task (feed); M1, M2 and M3 = middle products (Middlings) T = exits (tailings)
Im Beispiel 1 werden folgende Flotationssammler miteinander verglichen:
- die erfindungsgemäßen Sammler H9, H10, H11, H12 und H13 basieren alle auf einem C18-Olefin; als Vergleichssubstanz diente der Sammler V3 (gemäß SU-Patent 1 084 076).
- collectors H9, H10, H11, H12 and H13 according to the invention are all based on a C 18 olefin; the collector V 3 (according to SU patent 1 084 076) served as a reference substance.
Die Einzelergebnisse der Flotationsversuche sind in der Tabelle 1 aufgeführt. Da die P205-Gehalte der Endkonzentrate bei Verwendung oben genannter Sammler in einem engen Bereich liegen, nämlich zwischen 38,3 und 39,2 % (Mittelwert 39,0 %), können die P205-Ausbringenswerte direkt miteinander verglichen werden.The individual results of the flotation tests are listed in Table 1. Since the P 2 0 5 contents of the final concentrates are in a narrow range, namely between 38.3 and 39.2% (mean value 39.0%) when using the above collectors, the P 2 0 5 application values can be compared directly with one another will.
Die Überlegenheit der erfindungsgemäßen Sammler ist eindeutig, weil von den Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylestern mit kurzen Estergruppen R2 Einsatzmengen benötigt werden, die nur etwa 1/5 derjenigen der Vergleichssubstanzen mit längeren Estergruppen R2 (Sammler V3 und H13) betragen.The superiority of the collectors according to the invention is clear because the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters with short ester groups R 2 require amounts which are only about 1/5 of those of the comparison substances with longer ester groups R 2 (collectors V3 and H13).
Für dieses Beispiel wurde der Erztyp A (mittlerer P205-Gehalt 12,7 %) sowie die Sammler H5, H6, H7 und H8 eingesetzt. Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Flotationsversuche entsprachen denen des Beispiels 1. Die Einzelergebnisse sind in Tabelle 2 verzeichnet.For this example the ore type A (average P 2 0 5 content 12.7%) and the collectors H5, H6, H7 and H8 were used. The preparation and implementation of the flotation tests corresponded to that of Example 1. The individual results are shown in Table 2.
Auch in diesem Beispiel liegen die P205-Gehalte der Endkonzentrate (38,5 bis 39,3 %; Mittelwert 39,0 %) so eng beieinander, daß ein direkter Vergleich der Aktivität der einzelnen Sammler möglich ist. Auch hier wird die Überlegenheit der erfindungsgemäßen Substanzen mit kurzen Esterketten R2 demonstriert. Im Vergleich zum besten Sammler H6 wird vom Vergleichssammler V3 mindestens die fünffache Menge benötigt, um dasselbe P20s-Ausbringen zu erzielen.In this example too, the P 2 0 5 contents of the final concentrates (38.5 to 39.3%; mean value 39.0%) are so close together that a direct comparison of the activity of the individual collectors is possible. Here too, the superiority of the substances according to the invention with short ester chains R 2 is demonstrated. Compared to the best collector H6, the comparison collector V3 requires at least five times the amount to achieve the same P 2 0s output.
Für die Flotationsversuche wurde der Erztyp B genommen, der in mineralogischer Hinsicht dem Erztyp A ähnlich, aber etwas reicher an Apatit ist (mittlerer P20s-Gehalt 15,3 %). Die Vorbereitung dieses Erzes zur Flotation und die Versuchsdurchführung entsprachen denjenigen des Beispiels 1. Es wurde der erfindungsgemäße Sammler H7 den drei Vergleichsprodukten V1, V2 und V3 gegenübergestellt. Die Einzelergebnisse sind in Tabelle 3 enthalten.Ore type B was used for the flotation tests, which is similar to ore A in mineralogical terms, but is somewhat richer in apatite (average P 2 0s content 15.3%). The preparation of this ore for flotation and the test procedure corresponded to those of Example 1. The collector H7 according to the invention was compared with the three comparison products V1, V2 and V3. The individual results are shown in Table 3.
Auch bei der Flotation dieses Erzes zeigt sich die Überlegenheit des erfindungsgemäßen Sammlers H7. Wie die P20s-Gehalte (s. Tabelle 3) ausweisen, ist aber auch die Selektivität des Sammlers H7, d.h. die erzielbare Apatitanreicherung im Endkonzentrat in Abhängigkeit vom Apatitausbringen besser als die der Vergleichssammler. Es ist anzunehmen, daß zumindest für den Vergleichssammler V1 eine zusätzliche vierte Reinigungsstufe erforderlich wäre, um die gleiche Konzentratqualität zu erhalten, was zusätzliche Aufwendungen für Flotationsmaschinen und Energieverbrauch bedeuten würde.The superiority of the collector H7 according to the invention is also evident in the flotation of this ore. As the P 2 0s contents show (see Table 3), the selectivity of the H7 collector, ie the achievable apatite enrichment in the final concentrate depending on the apatite yield, is better than that of Comparative collector. It can be assumed that at least for the comparative collector V1 an additional fourth cleaning stage would be required in order to obtain the same concentrate quality, which would mean additional expenditure for flotation machines and energy consumption.
Zweck der Flotationsversuche dieses Beispiels ist die Demonstration der Verträglichkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Sammler mit verschieden hohen Salzgehalten der Flotationstrübe.The purpose of the flotation tests of this example is to demonstrate the compatibility of the collectors according to the invention with different salt contents of the flotation slurry.
Der Erztyp B und seine Vorbereitung zur Flotation entsprechen denen des Beispiels 5. Im Gegensatz zum Beispiel 5 wurde jedoch die Gesamtsalinität der flüssigen Phase von 690 auf 1600 mg/I erhöht, die sich im Betrieb bei einer 100 %igen Rezirkulation des Brauchwassers ohne Frischwasserzufuhr einstellen würde. Zur Annäherung an die Betriebsverhältnisse wurden außerdem zwei Flotationsversuche zu einem sogenannten "closed circuit-test" dadurch zusammengefaßt, daß die Mittelprodukte des ersten Versuchs in den zweiten einbezogen wurden, d.h. das Mittelprodukt 1 des ersten Versuchs wurde der Flotationsaufgabe des zweiten Versuchs, das Mittelprodukt 2 der Aufgabe der ersten Nachreinigung des zweiten Versuchs zugeschlagen usw.Ore type B and its preparation for flotation correspond to those of example 5. In contrast to example 5, however, the total salinity of the liquid phase was increased from 690 to 1600 mg / l, which occurs during operation with 100% recirculation of the process water without fresh water supply would. In order to approximate the operating conditions, two flotation tests were also combined into a so-called "closed circuit test" by including the middle products of the first test in the second, i.e. the middle product 1 of the first experiment was added to the flotation task of the second experiment, the middle product 2 to the task of the first post-cleaning of the second experiment, etc.
Weiterhin wurde nach der Rougherflotation noch eine Scavengerflotationsstufe mit nochmaliger Sammlerzugabe (30 g/t) durchgeführt.Furthermore, after the rougher flotation, a scavenger flotation stage with additional collector addition (30 g / t) was carried out.
Wie aus der nachstehenden Zusammenfassung der Versuchsergebnisse hervorgeht, tritt bei Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Sammlers H14 und bei sonst gleichen Versuchsbedingungen keine wesentliche Beeinträchtigung des Flotationserfolgs ein.
Die Aktivität und Selektivität der erfindungsgemäßen Sammler bleibt also auch bei sehr hohen Salzgehalten der Flotationstrübe erhalten. Eine vollkommene Rezirkulation des Brauchwassers ist daher ohne Gefahr für den Flotationserfolg möglich, was für den Schutz der Umwelt von Bedeutung ist.The activity and selectivity of the collectors according to the invention is therefore retained even at very high salt contents in the flotation slurry. A complete recirculation of the process water is therefore possible without the risk of flotation success, which is important for the protection of the environment.
Für die Flotationsversuche dieses Beispiels wurde der Erztyp C (mittlerer P205-Gehalt ca. 9,0 %) eingesetzt, der vor allem durch hohe Gehalte an Calcit und Forsterit gekennzeichnet ist. Pyroxene, Phlogopit und Dolomit sind in geringen Mengen vertreten. Die Anwesenheit von Mineralen in diesem Erztyp, die sehr ähnliche Flotationseigenschaften wie der Apatit aufweisen, führt zwangsläufig zu einer Verminderung der Selektivität, ganz unabhängig von der Art des verwendeten Sammlers. Der Magnetitanteil wurde mittels Magnetscheidung vor der Flotation weitgehend entfernt. Die Mahlung des Erzes auf 80 Masse-% < 135 u.m fand mit entsalztem Wasser statt, das auch im weiteren Flotationsverlauf verwendet wurde. Eine Entschlämmung der Flotationsaufgabe erfolgte nicht. Der pH-Wert der Flotationstrübe wurde mittels Soda (ca. 150 g/t; Konditionierungsdauer 1 Minute) auf ca. 10,5 - 10,7 einreguliert. Natron-Wasserglas (ca. 700 g/t; Konditionierungsdauer 3 Minuten) diente als Dispergator und Drücker. Anschließend wurde der Sammler zugegeben; Konditionierungsdauer 3 Minuten. Wie schon bei den vorausgegangenen Beispielen wurde das Rougherkonzentrat ohne weitere Reagenzienzugabe dreimal nachgereinigt, so daß neben dem Endkonzentrat und den Bergen noch drei Mittelprodukte anfielen.For the flotation experiments in this example, ore type C (average P 2 0 5 content approx. 9.0%) was used, which is characterized above all by high levels of calcite and forsterite. Pyroxenes, phlogopite and dolomite are represented in small quantities. The presence of minerals in this type of ore, which have very similar flotation properties to apatite, inevitably leads to a reduction in selectivity, regardless of the type of collector used. The magnetite portion was largely removed by magnetic separation before flotation. The ore was ground to 80% by mass <135 μm with deionized water, which was also used in the further flotation process. The flotation task was not desludged. The pH of the flotation slurry was adjusted to approx. 10.5 - 10.7 using soda (approx. 150 g / t; conditioning time 1 minute). Soda water glass (approx. 700 g / t; conditioning time 3 minutes) served as a dispersant and pusher. The collector was then added; Conditioning time 3 minutes. As in the previous examples, the rougher concentrate was cleaned three times without the addition of reagents, so that three middle products were obtained in addition to the final concentrate and the mountains.
Die Einzelergebnisse der Flotationsversuche sind in Tabelle 4 verzeichnet. Bei der Flotation dieses Erztyps tritt die hohe Aktivität d.h. die relativ niedrigen Zugabemengen (g/t) des erfindungsgemäßen Sammlers H7 im Vergleich zu einem Sammler mit einer längeren Esterkette R2, nämlich V3, ebenfalls deutlich hervor.The individual results of the flotation tests are shown in Table 4. With the flotation of this type of ore, the high activity occurs i.e. the relatively low addition quantities (g / t) of the collector H7 according to the invention in comparison to a collector with a longer ester chain R2, namely V3, are also clearly evident.
Zwar ist die Selektivität des Vergleichssammlers V3 d.h. die P20s-Gehalte in Abhängigkeit von den zugehörigen P20s-Ausbringenswerten dem erfindungsgemäßen Sammler H7 anfangs ebenbürtig; sie nimmt dann aber sehr schnell ab, schneller jedenfalls als die des Sammlers H7, der letztlich nicht nur aktiver, sondern eben auch selektiver reagiert.The selectivity of the comparison collector V3, ie the P 2 0s contents, is dependent on the associated P20s output values initially equal to the inventive collector H7; however, it then decreases very quickly, at least faster than that of the collector H7, which ultimately not only reacts more actively but also more selectively.
In die Tabelle 4 wurden auch die beiden Sammlermischungen H15 und H16 aufgenommen, bei denen es sich um Kombinationen von erfindungsgemäßen Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylestern mit ungesättigten Fettsäurefraktionen technischer Qualität (z.B. Sammler D18) handelt. Wie zu sehen ist, kann die Flotationsaktivität der erfindungsgemäßen Sammler durch Zumischung geeigneter Fettsäuren gesteigert werden, wobei sogar ein synergistischer Effekt auftritt, da die Ausbringenswerte der Sammlermischungen (H15, H16) über denen der Einzelkomponenten (H7, D18) liegen. Bei der Selektivität stellen sich für die Sammlermischungen H15 und H16 Mittelwerte zwischen den Einzelkomponenten H7 und D18 ein, d.h. diese Mischungen sind nicht ganz so selektiv wie die erfindungsgemäßen Alkenylbernsteinsäure-monoalkylester, aber immer noch eindeutig selektiver als der Vergleichssammler V3. Durch Verschiebung des Mischungsverhältnisses von erfindungsgemäßen Sammlern zu Sekundärsammlern zugunsten der Primarsammler läßt sich die Selektivität verbessern. Eine Steigerung der Selektivität um zwei Punkte ist zum Beispiel auch durch Zumischung von 10 % eines Fettsäure-oxalkylats, dh. eines anionischen Co-adsorbens, wie im Sammler H17 enthalten, möglich.Table 4 also shows the two collector mixtures H15 and H16, which are combinations of alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters according to the invention with unsaturated technical-quality fatty acid fractions (e.g. collector D18). As can be seen, the flotation activity of the collectors according to the invention can be increased by adding suitable fatty acids, and even a synergistic effect occurs, since the output values of the collector mixtures (H15, H16) are higher than those of the individual components (H7, D18). The selectivity for the collector mixtures H15 and H16 is averaged between the individual components H7 and D18, i.e. these mixtures are not quite as selective as the alkenylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters according to the invention, but are still clearly more selective than the comparative collector V3. The selectivity can be improved by shifting the mixing ratio of collectors according to the invention to secondary collectors in favor of the primary collectors. An increase in selectivity by two points is also possible, for example, by adding 10% of a fatty acid oxalkylate, ie. of an anionic co-adsorbent, as contained in the collector H17.
Die Flotationsversuche wurden mit den Erztyp D durchgeführt, der einerseits einen vergleichsweise niedrigen Apatit-Gehalt (5,7 % P205 entsprechend ca. 13,5 Masse-% Apatit) und andererseits einen sehr hohen Calcit-Gehalt von ca. 80 % aufweist. Außerdem war die Vermahlung des Erzes relativ grob: Dεα = ca. 0,27 mm. Die Flotation erfolgte mit entsalztem Wasser. Zuerst wurden der Flotationstrübe 500 g/t Stärke, die mit NaOH aufgeschlossen worden war, zugegeben (Konditionierungsdauer 7 Minuten), wodurch sich der pH-Wert der Flotationstrübe auf ca. 10,5 einstellte. Durch teilweises Drücken des Calcits unterstützt die Stärke die Selektivität des Flotationsablaufs. Anschließend erfolgte die Konditionierung der Trübe mit dem jeweiligen Sammler (Dauer 3 Minuten), dessen Zugabemenge variiert wurde (s. Tabelle 5). Die Flotation lief dann wie üblich ab: Ausschäumen eines Vorkonzentrats (Flotationsdauer 2,5 Minuten), wobei die endgültigen Berge in der Flotationszelle verblieben; dreimalige Nachreinigung des Vorkonzentrats (Flotationsdauer jeweils 2 Minuten), wobei das Endkonzentrat und drei Mittelprodukte anfielen. Die Einzelergebnisse sind der Tabelle 5 zu entnehmen. Es werden die erfindungsgemäßen Sammler H6, H7, H8, H9, H10 und H14 den Vergleichsammlern V1 und V2 gegenübergestellt. Auch bei diesem Erztyp - unter sonst gleichen Flotationsbedinungen - demonstrieren die erfindungsgemäßen Sammler ihre Überlegenheit sowohl bezüglich der Aktivität als auch der Selektivität. Bei einer Zugabemenge von 200 g/t werden mit dem Vergleichssammler V1 nur 31,9 % P205 ausgebracht (Anreicherung auf 17,2 % P205), mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Sammlern erreicht man dagegen nucht nur P205--Ausbringenswerte zwischen 63, 9 und 77,1 %, sondern auch Anreicherungen auf zwischen 30,6 und 34,6 % P205. Besonders augenfällig sind die hohen Einsatzmengen des Vergleichssammlers V2: mit 1500 g/t wird ein P20s-Ausbringen von nur 57,2 % erzielt. Von dem relativ schwächsten Sammler H8 werden dagegen für etwa dasselbe P2O5-Ausbringen (59,5 %) nur 300 g/t benötigt. Die Selektivität der beiden Sammler ist dabei etwa gleich: V1 33,5 und H8 32,2 % P205 im Endkonzentrat.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3900827 | 1989-01-13 | ||
| DE3900827A DE3900827A1 (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1989-01-13 | METHOD FOR THE SELECTIVE FLOTATION OF PHOSPHORMINERALS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0378128A2 true EP0378128A2 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
| EP0378128A3 EP0378128A3 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
| EP0378128B1 EP0378128B1 (en) | 1993-11-10 |
Family
ID=6372003
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90100215A Expired - Lifetime EP0378128B1 (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1990-01-05 | Method for the selective flotation of phosphate ores. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4968415A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0378128B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9000109A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2007637A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3900827A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI89877C (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1795911C (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA90229B (en) |
| ZW (1) | ZW490A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4127151A1 (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-02-18 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD FOR SELECTIVE FLOTATION OF PHOSPHORMINALS |
| RU2150330C1 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2000-06-10 | Горный институт Кольского научного центра РАН | Collector for flotation of phosphate ores |
| CN105618272A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 中南大学 | Metal ion complex collecting agent and preparation method and application of metal ion complex collecting agent |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2164824C2 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2001-04-10 | Красноярская государственная академия цветных металлов и золота | Apatite or flotation process |
| US6994786B2 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2006-02-07 | Arr-Maz Products, L.P. | Phosphate beneficiation process using methyl or ethyl esters as float oils |
| US7708144B2 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2010-05-04 | Richard Windgassen | Process for separation of phosphatic materials from coastal beach sand |
| AU2009206113B2 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2013-09-05 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Method for the beneficiation of coal |
| CN101716559B (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-11-07 | 中南大学 | Floating and collecting agent of bertrandite beryllium ores and application thereof |
| US20160114335A1 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Methods and collectors for purifying phosphorous containing materials |
| WO2018114741A1 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-28 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Process to treat phosphate ores |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2099120A (en) * | 1936-10-15 | 1937-11-16 | Du Pont | Flotation process |
| US3779380A (en) * | 1971-10-12 | 1973-12-18 | Hercules Inc | Collector composition for ore flotation |
| SU749434A1 (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1980-07-23 | Горный Институт Ордена Ленина Кольского Филиала Им. С.М.Кирова Ан Ссср | Collector for phosphate ore flotation |
| SU862990A1 (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1981-09-15 | Горный Институт Ордена Ленина Кольского Филиала Им.С.М.Кирова Ан Ссср | Collector for flotation of phosphate ores |
| US4309282A (en) * | 1980-04-14 | 1982-01-05 | American Cyanamid Company | Process of phosphate ore beneficiation in the presence of residual organic polymeric flocculants |
| SU1084076A1 (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1984-04-07 | Горный Институт Ордена Ленина Кольского Филиала Им.С.М.Кирова | Collector for flotation of phosphate ores |
-
1989
- 1989-01-13 DE DE3900827A patent/DE3900827A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-01-05 EP EP90100215A patent/EP0378128B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-10 US US07/462,834 patent/US4968415A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-01-11 FI FI900149A patent/FI89877C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-12 ZW ZW4/90A patent/ZW490A1/en unknown
- 1990-01-12 BR BR909000109A patent/BR9000109A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-01-12 CA CA002007637A patent/CA2007637A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-01-12 RU SU904742822A patent/RU1795911C/en active
- 1990-01-12 ZA ZA90229A patent/ZA90229B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 106, no. 14, 6. April 1987, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 104652N, A.BREDERMAN 'AlkylÄalkenylÜsuccinic acid alkyl monoesters effective collectors for flotation of apatite ' Seite 141 ; * |
| SOVIET INVENTIONS ILLUSTRATED Woche 8447 , 9 Januar 1985 Derwent Publications Ltd. ,London GB * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4127151A1 (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-02-18 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD FOR SELECTIVE FLOTATION OF PHOSPHORMINALS |
| RU2150330C1 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2000-06-10 | Горный институт Кольского научного центра РАН | Collector for flotation of phosphate ores |
| CN105618272A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 中南大学 | Metal ion complex collecting agent and preparation method and application of metal ion complex collecting agent |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU1795911C (en) | 1993-02-15 |
| DE3900827A1 (en) | 1990-07-19 |
| BR9000109A (en) | 1990-10-23 |
| FI89877B (en) | 1993-08-31 |
| ZA90229B (en) | 1990-09-26 |
| US4968415A (en) | 1990-11-06 |
| FI900149A0 (en) | 1990-01-11 |
| FI900149L (en) | 1990-07-14 |
| EP0378128A3 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
| EP0378128B1 (en) | 1993-11-10 |
| FI89877C (en) | 1993-12-10 |
| ZW490A1 (en) | 1990-07-25 |
| CA2007637A1 (en) | 1990-07-13 |
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