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EP0367726B1 - Device to compensate for the deflection of the winding mandrel of a winding machine - Google Patents

Device to compensate for the deflection of the winding mandrel of a winding machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0367726B1
EP0367726B1 EP89810819A EP89810819A EP0367726B1 EP 0367726 B1 EP0367726 B1 EP 0367726B1 EP 89810819 A EP89810819 A EP 89810819A EP 89810819 A EP89810819 A EP 89810819A EP 0367726 B1 EP0367726 B1 EP 0367726B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
roller
mandrel
bobbin
journal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89810819A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0367726A1 (en
Inventor
Felix Graf
Peter Busenhart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH207989A external-priority patent/CH678316A5/en
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Publication of EP0367726A1 publication Critical patent/EP0367726A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0367726B1 publication Critical patent/EP0367726B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H54/00—Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
    • B65H54/02—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers
    • B65H54/40—Arrangements for rotating packages
    • B65H54/52—Drive contact pressure control, e.g. pressing arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2601/00—Problem to be solved or advantage achieved
    • B65H2601/50—Diminishing, minimizing or reducing
    • B65H2601/52—Diminishing, minimizing or reducing entities relating to handling machine
    • B65H2601/524—Vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for compensating the sag of the bobbin mandrel of a winder according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the spindles for receiving the spool are often mounted elastically in the machine frame.
  • a tachometer or drive roller is arranged above the coil mandrel and can be pressed linearly on the surface of the coil. With increasing coil weight and consequently greater sag of the coil mandrel, the contact pressure of the tachometer roller is increasingly reduced towards the flying end.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device which ensures a pivoting movement of the speedometer or drive roller.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible, in a cost-effective manner, to create a pivot bearing for the speedometer roller, which enables a pivoting movement both in both directions of rotation about the pivot axis and radially to the pivot axis.
  • the O-rings which accommodate both the tangential and radial deflections of the yoke carrying the tachometer roller, allow the device to be operated completely maintenance-free for years.
  • the characteristic of the adaptation of the tachometer roller to the inclination of the coil mandrel can be influenced by correspondingly varying the number and the preload of the O-rings.
  • FIG. 1 shows an automatic winder 1 with two bobbins 5 mounted on a turret, a thread laying device 6 of known construction and the machine housing which contains the drive motors for the bobbin 5, the laying device 6 and the other units and parts of the control.
  • the turret carrying the two mandrels 5 is not shown and has a known construction.
  • the two bobbin mandrels 5 are overhung, which means that empty bobbins can be loaded or the full bobbins 3 can be removed by hand or by an automatic doffer.
  • FIG. 2 only shows the winding mandrel 5 with two spools 3, the tachometer or drive roller 7 and the housing wall 9 facing the winding unit for the sake of clarity.
  • the winding mandrel 5 is mounted in the housing of the winding machine 1 and connected to a drive. The end of the winding mandrel 5 facing away from the winding machine 1 is not supported. It is therefore a "flying" storage.
  • the two coils 3 are placed on the spool mandrel 5 and held in a rotationally fixed manner by the mandrel 5. Above the coils 3, essentially perpendicularly above the coil mandrel axis and parallel to the latter, the tachometer or drive roller 7 is rotatably mounted at both ends in a carrying device, in short yoke 11.
  • a drive 13 can also be attached to the yoke 11 and connected to the speedometer roller 7 by means of a transmission belt 15.
  • the yoke 11 is connected to the winding machine 1 by means of a preferably cylindrical pin 17 via a carrier 19.
  • the carrier 19 also has a preferably cylindrical bore 21, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the pin 17.
  • the connection between the pin 17 and the carrier 19 is made by two O-rings 23 which are placed on the pin 17 at an axial distance and are in contact with the bore 21.
  • O-rings with a round cross-section it is of course also possible to use rubber-elastic rings with others, for example oval ones or rectangular, cross-section can be used, or an insert made of rubber-elastic material can fill the entire space between the surface of the pin 17 and the bore 21 (the latter variant not shown).
  • the carrier 19 is vertically displaceable on the housing 9 of the winding machine 1, for example in a dovetail groove or the like.
  • the rotation of the pin 17 is in the range of angular minutes.
  • the tangential displacement of the surface of the pin 17 with respect to the surface of the bore 21 is absorbed by the elasticity of the O-rings 23 forming the connection between the two surfaces.

Landscapes

  • Winding Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)

Description

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung zur Kompensation des Durchhanges des Spulendornes einer Spulmaschine gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to a device for compensating the sag of the bobbin mandrel of a winder according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Zur Verminderung der Schwingungen bei Spulmaschinen mit hohen Spulgeschwindigkeiten werden die Spulendorne zur Aufnahme der Spule oft elastisch im Maschinengestell gelagert. Bei Spulendornen, die fliegend an der Maschine gelagert sind, bedeutet dies, dass bei steigendem Spulengewicht sich die Spulenachse schräg stellt, d.h. dass sich das fliegende Ende nach unten verschiebt. Oberhalb des Spulendornes ist eine Tacho- oder Antriebswalze angeordnet, welche linienförmig auf der Spulenoberfläche anpressbar ist. Mit zunehmendem Spulengewicht und folglich grösserem Durchhang des Spulendornes verringert sich dadurch die Anpresskraft der Tachowalze zunehmend zum fliegenden Ende hin.To reduce the vibrations in winding machines with high winding speeds, the spindles for receiving the spool are often mounted elastically in the machine frame. For spools that are overhung on the machine, this means that as the spool weight increases, the spool axis is inclined, i.e. that the flying end moves down. A tachometer or drive roller is arranged above the coil mandrel and can be pressed linearly on the surface of the coil. With increasing coil weight and consequently greater sag of the coil mandrel, the contact pressure of the tachometer roller is increasingly reduced towards the flying end.

Aus der Schweizer Patentschrift Nr. 598 115 ist eine Vorrichtung bekannt, bei der die Antriebswalze schwenkbar gelagert ist, damit sie der sich neigenden Spulendorn-Drehachse folgen kann. Die Anpresskraft längs der Kontaktlinie zwischen der Antriebswalze und der Spulenoberfläche bleibt dadurch im wesentlichen konstant erhalten.
Damit die Tacho- oder Antriebswalze stets im wesentlichen mit der gleichen Kraft auf der gesamten Länge der Spule drücken kann, wird die erstere mit wachsendem Spulendurchmesser parallel radial zur Spulendornachse nach oben verschoben. Sie ist zu diesem Zweck in einem schwenkbaren Joch beidseitig gelagert, welches am Maschinengestell verschiebbar eingebaut ist. Eine Feder, ein Gegengewicht oder ein Balgzylinder zwischen dem schwenkbaren Joch und einem fest stehenden Teil der Maschine kompensiert das Ungleichgewicht der Antriebswalze bezüglich des Drehzapfens, an dem das Joch mit der Antriebswalze und/oder deren Antriebsmotor befestigt ist.From the Swiss Patent No. 598 115 a device is known in which the drive roller is pivotally mounted so that it can follow the inclined spool axis of rotation. The contact force along the contact line between the drive roller and the surface of the spool is thereby maintained essentially constant.
So that the speedometer or drive roller can always press with essentially the same force over the entire length of the bobbin, the former is displaced radially upward with increasing bobbin diameter parallel to the bobbin spindle axis. For this purpose, it is supported on both sides in a swiveling yoke, which is slidably installed on the machine frame. This is compensated for by a spring, a counterweight or a bellows cylinder between the swiveling yoke and a fixed part of the machine Imbalance of the drive roller with respect to the pivot pin on which the yoke with the drive roller and / or its drive motor is attached.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht nun darin, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, welche eine Schwenkbewegung der Tacho-oder Antriebswalze gewährleistet.The object of the present invention is to provide a device which ensures a pivoting movement of the speedometer or drive roller.

Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind durch die Merkmale der abhängigen Ansprüche gekennzeichnet.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of patent claim 1. Further advantageous configurations are characterized by the features of the dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung ermöglicht, auf kostengünstige Weise eine Schwenklagerung für die Tachowalze zu schaffen, welche eine Schwenkbewegung sowohl in beiden Drehrichtungen um die Schwenkachse als auch radial zur Schwenkachse ermöglicht. Die sowohl die tangentialen als auch radialen Auslenkungen des die Tachowalze tragenden Joches aufnehmenden O-Ringe erlauben einen über Jahre dauernden völlig wartungsfreien Betrieb der Vorrichtung. Durch entsprechende Variation der Anzahl und der Vorspannung der O-Ringe kann die Charakteristik der Anpassung der Tachowalze an die Neigung des Spulendornes beeinflusst werden.The device according to the invention makes it possible, in a cost-effective manner, to create a pivot bearing for the speedometer roller, which enables a pivoting movement both in both directions of rotation about the pivot axis and radially to the pivot axis. The O-rings, which accommodate both the tangential and radial deflections of the yoke carrying the tachometer roller, allow the device to be operated completely maintenance-free for years. The characteristic of the adaptation of the tachometer roller to the inclination of the coil mandrel can be influenced by correspondingly varying the number and the preload of the O-rings.

Anhand eines illustrierten Ausführungsbeispieles wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Spulmaschine,
  • Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf einen Spulendorn mit zwei Spulen und einer Tachowalze und
  • Figur 3 eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung aus Richtung Pfeil A in Figur 2.
The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of an illustrated embodiment. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective illustration of a winding machine,
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a coil mandrel with two coils and a speedometer roller and
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of the device from the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2.

In Figur 1 ist ein Spulautomat 1 mit zwei auf einem Revolver gelagerten Spulendornen 5, einer Fadenverlegevorrichtung 6 bekannter Bauweise sowie das Maschinengehäuse, welches die Antriebsmotoren für die Spulendorne 5, die Verlegevorrichtung 6 und die übrigen Aggregate sowie Teile der Steuerung enthält. Der die beiden Spulendorne 5 tragende Revolver ist nicht dargestellt und weist eine bekannte Bauweise auf. Die beiden Spulendorne 5 sind fliegend gelagert, wodurch eine Beschickung mit leeren Hülsen bzw. Entnahme der vollen Garnspulen 3 von Hand oder durch einen automatischen Doffer erfolgen kann.1 shows an automatic winder 1 with two bobbins 5 mounted on a turret, a thread laying device 6 of known construction and the machine housing which contains the drive motors for the bobbin 5, the laying device 6 and the other units and parts of the control. The turret carrying the two mandrels 5 is not shown and has a known construction. The two bobbin mandrels 5 are overhung, which means that empty bobbins can be loaded or the full bobbins 3 can be removed by hand or by an automatic doffer.

In der Figur 2 sind von der Spulmaschine 1 der besseren Uebersichtlichkeit halber nur gerade der Spulendorn 5 mit zwei Spulen 3, die Tacho- oder Antriebswalze 7 sowie die der Spulstelle zugewandte Gehäusewand 9 dargestellt.For the sake of clarity, FIG. 2 only shows the winding mandrel 5 with two spools 3, the tachometer or drive roller 7 and the housing wall 9 facing the winding unit for the sake of clarity.

Der Spulendorn 5 ist im Gehäuse der Spulmaschine 1 gelagert und mit einem Antrieb verbunden. Das von der Spulmaschine 1 abgewendete Ende des Spulendornes 5 ist nicht abgestützt. Es handelt sich folglich um eine "fliegende" Lagerung. Auf dem Spulendorn 5 sind die zwei Spulen 3 aufgesetzt und drehfest vom Dorn 5 gehalten.
Ueber den Spulen 3, im wesentlichen senkrecht oberhalb der Spulendornachse und parallel zur letzteren, ist die Tacho- oder Antriebswalze 7 an beiden Enden in einer Tragvorrichtung, kurz Joch 11, drehbar gelagert. Ein Antrieb 13 kann ebenfalls am Joch 11 befestigt und mittels eines Transmissionsriemens 15 mit der Tachowalze 7 antriebsmässig verbunden sein.
Das Joch 11 ist mittels eines vorzugsweise zylindrischen Zapfens 17 über einen Träger 19 mit der Spulmaschine 1 verbunden. Der Träger 19 weist ebenfalls eine vorzugsweise zylindrische Bohrung 21 auf, deren Durchmesser grösser ist als der Durchmesser des Zapfens 17.
Die Verbindung zwischen dem Zapfen 17 und dem Träger 19 erfolgt durch zwei O-Ringe 23, die in axialem Abstand auf dem Zapfen 17 aufgesetzt sind und in Anlage mit der Bohrung 21 stehen. An Stelle von O-Ringen mit rundem Querschnitt können selbstverständlich auch gummielastische Ringe mit anderem, z.B. ovalen oder rechteckigem, Querschnitt eingesetzt sein, oder es kann eine Einlage aus gummielastischem Material den gesamten Zwischenraum zwischen der Oberfläche des Zapfens 17 und der Bohrung 21 ausfüllen (letztere Variante nicht dargestellt).
Der Träger 19 ist am Gehäuse 9 der Spulmaschine 1 vertikal verschiebbar, z.B. in einer Schwalbenschwanznut o.ä., angeordnet.The winding mandrel 5 is mounted in the housing of the winding machine 1 and connected to a drive. The end of the winding mandrel 5 facing away from the winding machine 1 is not supported. It is therefore a "flying" storage. The two coils 3 are placed on the spool mandrel 5 and held in a rotationally fixed manner by the mandrel 5.
Above the coils 3, essentially perpendicularly above the coil mandrel axis and parallel to the latter, the tachometer or drive roller 7 is rotatably mounted at both ends in a carrying device, in short yoke 11. A drive 13 can also be attached to the yoke 11 and connected to the speedometer roller 7 by means of a transmission belt 15.
The yoke 11 is connected to the winding machine 1 by means of a preferably cylindrical pin 17 via a carrier 19. The carrier 19 also has a preferably cylindrical bore 21, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the pin 17.
The connection between the pin 17 and the carrier 19 is made by two O-rings 23 which are placed on the pin 17 at an axial distance and are in contact with the bore 21. Instead of O-rings with a round cross-section, it is of course also possible to use rubber-elastic rings with others, for example oval ones or rectangular, cross-section can be used, or an insert made of rubber-elastic material can fill the entire space between the surface of the pin 17 and the bore 21 (the latter variant not shown).
The carrier 19 is vertically displaceable on the housing 9 of the winding machine 1, for example in a dovetail groove or the like.

Die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung wird nachfolgend kurz erläutert.
Zu Beginn eines Spulvorganges, wenn der Spulendorn 5 nur gerade durch sein Eigengewicht und das Gewicht der die Spulen aufnehmenden Hülsen belastet ist, liegen die Achsen des Spulendornes 5 und der Tachowalze 7 horizontal und exakt parallel zueinander. Mit zunehmendem Packungsaufbau der Spulen neigt sich der Spulendorn 5 am fliegenden Ende nach unten, und die Tachowalze 7 wird infolge der über dem Träger 19, den Zapfen 17 und das Joch 11 auf sie übertragenen, gegen die Oberfläche der Spule 3 gerichteten Anpresskraft P ebenfalls gegenüber der Horizontalen geneigt. Die Neigung bewirkt eine Drehbewegung in der Achse B des Zapfens 17. Die Drehung des Zapfens 17 liegt im Bereich von Winkelminuten. Die tangentiale Verschiebung der Oberfläche des Zapfens 17 bezüglich der Oberfläche der Bohrung 21 wird durch die Elastizität der die Verbindung zwischen den beiden Oberflächen bildenden O-Ringe 23 aufgenommen. Nach Beendigung des Spulenaufbaus und dem Abheben der Tachowalze 7 von der Spulenoberfläche erfolgt die Rückstellung des Joches 11 bzw. der Tachowalze 7 in die horizontale Ausgangsposition durch die O-Ringe 23.The mode of operation of the device according to the invention is briefly explained below.
At the beginning of a winding process, when the winding mandrel 5 is just loaded by its own weight and the weight of the sleeves receiving the spools, the axes of the winding mandrel 5 and the speedometer roller 7 lie horizontally and exactly parallel to one another. As the pack build-up of the coils increases, the spool mandrel 5 at the flying end tends downward, and the speedometer roller 7 is also opposed due to the pressing force P directed against the surface of the coil 3 due to the force transmitted to it via the carrier 19, the pin 17 and the yoke 11 inclined to the horizontal. The inclination causes a rotational movement in the axis B of the pin 17. The rotation of the pin 17 is in the range of angular minutes. The tangential displacement of the surface of the pin 17 with respect to the surface of the bore 21 is absorbed by the elasticity of the O-rings 23 forming the connection between the two surfaces. After completion of the coil build-up and lifting of the tachometer roller 7 from the coil surface, the yoke 11 or the tachometer roller 7 is returned to the horizontal starting position by the O-rings 23.

Durch Knoten im aufgespulten Garn verursachte, radial zur Tachowalze verlaufende Ausschläge werden ebenfalls durch die Elastizität der O-Ringe 23 aufgenommen und auch gedämpft, unabhängig davon, in welcher Schräglage die Tachowalze 7 sich momentan befindet.Rashes caused radially to the tachometer roller caused by knots in the spooled yarn are also absorbed and damped by the elasticity of the O-rings 23, regardless of the inclined position of the tachometer roller 7 at the moment.

Claims (4)

  1. Apparatus for compensating the dipping of the bobbin mandrel (5) of a winding machine (1) with a tachometric roller (7) which is arranged radially pressable onto the bobbin surface and which is swivellably held about an axis (B), which axis is disposed in a plane bisecting the length of the yarn bobbin (3) and extending vertical to the bobbin axis, characterized in that the journal (17) enabling the swivelling of the tachometric roller (7) is elastically connected with a carrier (19) in the winding machine (1).
  2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that between the journal (17) and a bore (21) in the carrier (19) a radially and tangentially spring-elastic inlay encompassing the journal (17) has been inserted.
  3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the inlay (23) consists of at least two O-rings or rings which are arranged at an axial distance and which have an oval or rectangular cross section.
  4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the inlay (23) fills the whole ring space between the bore (21) and the journal (17).
EP89810819A 1988-11-04 1989-11-01 Device to compensate for the deflection of the winding mandrel of a winding machine Expired - Lifetime EP0367726B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH410388 1988-11-04
CH4103/88 1988-11-04
CH2079/89 1989-06-02
CH207989A CH678316A5 (en) 1989-06-02 1989-06-02 Bobbin winder

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0367726A1 EP0367726A1 (en) 1990-05-09
EP0367726B1 true EP0367726B1 (en) 1993-01-07

Family

ID=25689451

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89810819A Expired - Lifetime EP0367726B1 (en) 1988-11-04 1989-11-01 Device to compensate for the deflection of the winding mandrel of a winding machine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5004170A (en)
EP (1) EP0367726B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2666864B2 (en)
DE (1) DE58903223D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2505140B2 (en) * 1991-12-05 1996-06-05 村田機械株式会社 Spinning winder
US5533686A (en) * 1993-11-15 1996-07-09 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Methods and apparatus for the winding of filaments
EP0955261A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-11-10 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Monitoring the pressure between bobbin and tachometric roller
DE10037833A1 (en) * 2000-08-03 2002-02-14 Schlafhorst & Co W Winding device for a textile machine producing cross-wound bobbins
CN116462055B (en) * 2023-04-18 2024-01-30 江苏天明机械集团有限公司 Flexible vibration isolation winding device and winding machine using same

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US492613A (en) * 1893-02-28 Island
DE693580C (en) * 1937-09-25 1940-07-13 Barmer Maschinenfabrik Akt Ges Winding machine with drive drum drive of the winding spool
BE481992A (en) * 1947-04-25
BE518748A (en) * 1952-04-03
US2880027A (en) * 1957-05-24 1959-03-31 Gen Motors Corp Resilient coupling for independently rotatable elements
BE625403A (en) * 1962-03-01
DE1629522A1 (en) * 1966-10-18 1971-02-04 Licentia Gmbh Winding device from a winding mandrel known per se for the production of tubes from web or thread material
CH572434A5 (en) * 1973-09-26 1976-02-13 Rieter Ag Maschf
DE2458853A1 (en) * 1974-12-12 1976-06-16 Schlafhorst & Co W WINDING DEVICE FOR CONICAL, FRICTION-DRIVEN CROSS REELS
JPS5255746A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-05-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Build up process of high speed winder driving roll
BR8008752A (en) * 1979-07-10 1981-05-26 Rieter Ag Maschf WINDING EQUIPMENT FOR WIRES OR FILAMENTS
DE3560088D1 (en) * 1984-05-10 1987-04-16 Barmag Barmer Maschf Winding machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2666864B2 (en) 1997-10-22
US5004170A (en) 1991-04-02
DE58903223D1 (en) 1993-02-18
JPH02175569A (en) 1990-07-06
EP0367726A1 (en) 1990-05-09

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