EP0357839A1 - Process for electroplating tin - Google Patents
Process for electroplating tin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0357839A1 EP0357839A1 EP88201891A EP88201891A EP0357839A1 EP 0357839 A1 EP0357839 A1 EP 0357839A1 EP 88201891 A EP88201891 A EP 88201891A EP 88201891 A EP88201891 A EP 88201891A EP 0357839 A1 EP0357839 A1 EP 0357839A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- current density
- maintained
- tin
- strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/30—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the electrodeposition of tin.
- the electrolyte used essentially contains stannous ions which oxidize in the air to stannic ions, forming sludge in the electrolysis cell.
- composition of the electrolytic bath is generally relatively complex, implying a management of organic inhibitors which takes place in a fairly empirical manner.
- One of the essential aims of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of these known methods and to propose a method making use of a bath of a very simple composition, requiring an extremely reduced control, while making it possible to obtain a very tinning valid and this in a very compact installation compared to known tinning installations.
- an electrodeposition is carried out by making use of insoluble electrodes between which circulates, at a speed relative to the latter from 20 to 600 m / min., An electrolyte containing a concentration of stannic ions from 10 to 500 g / l and maintained at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C, the current density between these electrodes being from 50 to 500 A / dm2.
- an electrolyte in which at least 50% and preferably at least 99% of the tin present is in the form of stannic ions.
- Tinning is a special case.
- the majority of the acid electrolytes used have a composition which is not suitable for electrolysis at high current density, in insoluble anodes: - poorly conductive electrolyte containing stannous ions. - presence of phenolsulfonic acid and organic inhibitors.
- the present invention relates to a tinning process in an electrolytic bath based on stannic chloride without any other additive, more particularly without organic inhibitors working at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C, with a speed of circulation of the electrolyte relative to the electrodes between 50 and 600 m / min., a current density of 50 to 500 A / dm2, using an insoluble anode Ti-IrO2 or Ti-RuO2 or in another substance compatible with chlorine ions.
- This tinning process can, in principle, be carried out in any type of electrolysis cell where there is a large supply of electric current in the electrolysis zone and where the electrolyte is agitated. uniform, but still important to maintain a sufficiently large and uniform concentration of stannic ions near the electrodes during electrolysis.
- An electrolysis cell is preferably used in which, opposite a insoluble anode, moves a relatively small distance from a strip of tin-plated steel forming a cathode office, in which an electrolyte circulates between these electrodes along the strip, and in which the cathode current distribution on the part of this strip moving from the electrolysis zone takes place as uniformly as possible, in order to create a diffusion limit current density high and substantially equal at each location in this part of the strip.
- hydrochloric electrolyte essentially containing stannic ions and free from any organic inhibitor.
- at least 50% and preferably at least 99% tin is present in the electrolyte in the form of stannic ions.
- the current density is reduced eg, in certain cases, it could also be useful to reduce the flow rate of the electrolyte relative to the strip, so as to avoid the formation of a spongy deposit. If, on the other hand, the current density is increased, in some cases it might be useful to lower the flow rate of the electrolyte to avoid the formation of a powdery deposit.
- the concentration in stannic ion in the electrolyte is advantageously maintained between 60 and 140 g / l and is preferably of the order of 100 g / l.
- this concentration is less than 60 g / l, the cathodic yield may decrease too sharply and the deposits obtained could be pulverulent at high current densities. If, on the contrary, a concentration of stannic ions greater than 140 g / l is maintained, losses of tin due to the entrainment of the electrolyte by the strip to be covered may be too great.
- this is advantageously maintained between 30 and 50 ° C and is preferably of the order of 40 ° C.
- the conductivity of the electrolyte could become too low, which would increase the voltage between the anode and the cathode and therefore the specific energy consumption. If, on the other hand, this temperature is greater than 50 °, the dissolution of the iron of the strip in the electrolyte could become too great.
- Such dissolution could take place when the strip remains in the electrolyte without electrolysis being started, for example in the event of a line stop.
- the flow rate of the electrolyte relative to the strip is advantageously between 300 and 600 m / min and is preferably of the order of 400 m / min.
- the flow rate of the electrolyte relative to the strip must be large, turbulent and uniform, so that the diffusion limit current density is not very dependent on the line speed, that is to say the speed of scrolling of the strip relative to the cell.
- a continuous electrolysis cell with a high current density comprising fixed anodes and a mobile cathode, the latter cooperating with a cathode current supply of high capacity and able to move at a relatively small, substantially constant distance from the anode in an area in which the electrolyte can circulate for the transfer of tin to the strip to be covered.
- the electrolyte consists of a solution of stannic chloride containing 100 g / l of stannic ions.
- the current density was maintained at 200 A / dm2.
- the temperature of the electrolysis bath was 40 ° C and the flow rate of the electrolyte relative to the strip was 400 m / min.
- the thickness of the steel strip was 0.3 mm.
- the weight of the tin deposit was substantially constant over the entire surface of the strip and was 11.2 g / m2.
- the cathodic current efficiency was 98%
- the anode-cathode voltage was 7.2 V, the anode-cathode distance being 5 mm.
- the specific energy consumption was 6.6 kWh / kg of tin.
- the deposit obtained was bright and compact.
- Tin in stannous form in the electrolysis bath was only in trace amounts and the ratio between the concentration of stannous ions compared to the sum of the concentrations of stannous and stannous ions was greater than 99 %.
- Example 1 The parameters and characteristics of Example 1 above and of a few additional examples have been grouped in Table I below, while the properties of the tin deposits obtained and a general appreciation of the working conditions and results in each examples have been given in Table II.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à un procédé d'électro-déposition d'étain.The present invention relates to a process for the electrodeposition of tin.
Les procédés connus du type précité fonctionnent généralement à basse densité de courant, ce qui entraîne entre autres un encombrement important des installations d'électrolyse.The known methods of the aforementioned type generally operate at low current density, which entails inter alia a significant bulk of the electrolysis installations.
De plus, l'électrolyte utilisé contient essentiellement des ions stanneux qui s'oxydent à l'air en ions stanniques en formant des boues dans la cellule d'électrolyse.In addition, the electrolyte used essentially contains stannous ions which oxidize in the air to stannic ions, forming sludge in the electrolysis cell.
Un autre inconvénient encore est que la composition du bain électrolytique est généralement relativement complexe, impliquant une gestion d'inhibiteurs organiques qui a lieu d'une manière assez empirique.Yet another drawback is that the composition of the electrolytic bath is generally relatively complex, implying a management of organic inhibitors which takes place in a fairly empirical manner.
Enfin, ces procédés connus nécessitent, dans la plupart des cas, des anodes solubles, ce qui entraîne une gestion des ponts d'anodes, des arrêts et manutention gênants pour le remplacement des anodes, etc...Finally, these known methods require, in most cases, soluble anodes, which involves management of the anode bridges, troublesome stops and handling for the replacement of the anodes, etc.
Un des buts essentiels de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients de ces procédés connus et de proposer un procédé faisant usage d'un bain d'une composition très simple, nécessitant un contrôle extrêmement réduit, tout en permettant d'obtenir un étamage très valable et ceci dans une installation très compacte par rapport aux installations d'étamage connues.One of the essential aims of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of these known methods and to propose a method making use of a bath of a very simple composition, requiring an extremely reduced control, while making it possible to obtain a very tinning valid and this in a very compact installation compared to known tinning installations.
A cet effet, suivant l'invention, on effectue une électro-déposition en faisant usage d'électrodes insolubles entre lesquelles circule, à une vitesse relative par rapport à ces dernières de 20 à 600 m/min., un électrolyte contenant une concentration en ions stanniques de 10 à 500 g/l et maintenu à une température de 20 à 80°C, la densité du courant entre ces électrodes étant de 50 à 500 A/dm².To this end, according to the invention, an electrodeposition is carried out by making use of insoluble electrodes between which circulates, at a speed relative to the latter from 20 to 600 m / min., An electrolyte containing a concentration of stannic ions from 10 to 500 g / l and maintained at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C, the current density between these electrodes being from 50 to 500 A / dm².
Avantageusement, on fait usage d'un électrolyte dans lequel au moins 50 % et de préférence au moins 99 % de l'étain présent est sous forme d'ions stanniques.Advantageously, use is made of an electrolyte in which at least 50% and preferably at least 99% of the tin present is in the form of stannic ions.
D'autres détails et particularités de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, de quelques formes de réalisation particulières du procédé suivant l'invention.Other details and particularities of the invention will emerge from the description given below, by way of nonlimiting examples, of some particular embodiments of the method according to the invention.
Les procédés de recouvrement de surface, par voie électrolytique, à haute densité de courant, se sont développés il y a plus de 10 ans. Au niveau de la recherche scientifique, l'électrolyse à haute densité de courant a été étudiée pour plusieurs métaux : Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Fe, Cr, ...Surface coating processes, by electrolytic means, with high current density, were developed more than 10 years ago. In terms of scientific research, electrolysis at high current density has been studied for several metals: Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Fe, Cr, ...
Les lignes industrielles récentes d'électro-zingage et de chromage font appel à cette technologie.Recent industrial lines of electrogalvanizing and chromium plating use this technology.
L'étamage est un cas particulier. La majorité des électrolytes acides utilisés présentent une composition qui n'est pas adaptée pour l'électrolyse à haute densité de courant, en anodes insolubles :
- électrolyte peu conducteur, contenant des ions stanneux.
- présence d'acide phénolsulfonique et d'inhibiteurs organiques.Tinning is a special case. The majority of the acid electrolytes used have a composition which is not suitable for electrolysis at high current density, in insoluble anodes:
- poorly conductive electrolyte containing stannous ions.
- presence of phenolsulfonic acid and organic inhibitors.
D'une façon générale, la présente invention est relative à un procédé d'étamage dans un bain électrolytique à base de chlorure stannique sans autre additif, plus particulièrement sans inhibiteurs organiques travaillant à une température de 20 à 80°C, avec une vitesse de circulation de l'électrolyte par rapport aux électrodes comprise entre 50 et 600 m/min., une densité de courant de 50 à 500 A/dm², en utilisant une anode insoluble Ti-IrO₂ ou Ti-RuO₂ ou en une autre substance compatible avec les ions de chlore.In general, the present invention relates to a tinning process in an electrolytic bath based on stannic chloride without any other additive, more particularly without organic inhibitors working at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C, with a speed of circulation of the electrolyte relative to the electrodes between 50 and 600 m / min., a current density of 50 to 500 A / dm², using an insoluble anode Ti-IrO₂ or Ti-RuO₂ or in another substance compatible with chlorine ions.
Ce procédé d'étamage peut, en principe, être effectué dans n'importe quel type de cellule d'électrolyse où l'on a un apport important de courant électrique dans la zone d'électrolyse et où l'agitation de l'électrolyte est uniforme, tout en étant toutefois importante pour permettre de maintenir une concentration suffisamment grande et uniforme en ions stanniques à proximité des électrodes lors de l'électrolyse.This tinning process can, in principle, be carried out in any type of electrolysis cell where there is a large supply of electric current in the electrolysis zone and where the electrolyte is agitated. uniform, but still important to maintain a sufficiently large and uniform concentration of stannic ions near the electrodes during electrolysis.
On utilise de préférence une cellule d'électrolyse dans laquelle se déplace, en regard d'une anode insoluble, à une distance relativement réduite de cette dernière, une bande d'acier à étamer formant office de cathode, dans laquelle un électrolyte circule entre ces électrodes le long de la bande, et dans laquelle la répartition de courant cathodique sur la partie de cette bande se déplaçant de la zone d'électrolyse a lieu d'une manière aussi uniforme que possible, afin de créer une densité de courant limite de diffusion élevée et sensiblement égale à chaque endroit de cette partie de bande.An electrolysis cell is preferably used in which, opposite a insoluble anode, moves a relatively small distance from a strip of tin-plated steel forming a cathode office, in which an electrolyte circulates between these electrodes along the strip, and in which the cathode current distribution on the part of this strip moving from the electrolysis zone takes place as uniformly as possible, in order to create a diffusion limit current density high and substantially equal at each location in this part of the strip.
Par ailleurs, dans cette cellule l'écoulement de l'électrolyte doit être tel que l'on obtient une agitation tubulente importante et uniforme.Furthermore, in this cell the flow of the electrolyte must be such that a significant and uniform tubular agitation is obtained.
Avantageusement, on fait usage d'un électrolyte chlorhydrique contenant essentiellement des ions stanniques et exempt de tout inhibiteur organique. Ainsi, au moins 50 % et de préférence au moins 99 % d'étain est présent dans l'électrolyte sous forme d'ions stanniques.Advantageously, use is made of a hydrochloric electrolyte essentially containing stannic ions and free from any organic inhibitor. Thus, at least 50% and preferably at least 99% tin is present in the electrolyte in the form of stannic ions.
De très bons résultats ont été obtenus en appliquant une densité de courant supérieure à 100 A/dm², notamment entre 100 et 300 avec une préférence d'une densité de courant de l'ordre de 200 A/dm².Very good results have been obtained by applying a current density greater than 100 A / dm², in particular between 100 and 300 with a preference of a current density of the order of 200 A / dm².
Il a ainsi été constaté que, dans certains cas, le risque existe que les dépôts obtenus soient spongieux et de mauvaise qualité lorsque la densité de courant est inférieure à 100 A/dm², tandis que, si la densité de courant est supérieure à 300 A/dm², les dépôts pourraient être pulvérulents.It has thus been noted that, in certain cases, the risk exists that the deposits obtained are spongy and of poor quality when the current density is less than 100 A / dm², while, if the current density is greater than 300 A / dm², deposits could be powdery.
Ces problèmes pourraient, toutefois, être résolus et des dépôts compacts pourraient être formés à ces densités de courant extrêmes, c'est-à-dire inférieures à 100 A/dm² ou supérieures à 300 A/dm² si on adapte la vitesse de circulation de l'électrolyte.These problems could, however, be solved and compact deposits could be formed at these extreme current densities, that is to say less than 100 A / dm² or more than 300 A / dm² if the circulation speed is adjusted. the electrolyte.
Ainsi, si on réduit p.e. la densité de courant, dans certains cas, il pourrait être utile de diminuer également la vitesse d'écoulement de l'électrolyte par rapport à la bande, de manière à éviter la formation d'un dépôt spongieux. Si, par contre, on augmente la densité de courant, dans certains cas, il pourrait être utile d'abaisser la vitesse d'écoulement de l'électrolyte pour éviter la formation d'un dépôt pulvérulent.Thus, if the current density is reduced eg, in certain cases, it could also be useful to reduce the flow rate of the electrolyte relative to the strip, so as to avoid the formation of a spongy deposit. If, on the other hand, the current density is increased, in some cases it might be useful to lower the flow rate of the electrolyte to avoid the formation of a powdery deposit.
La concentration dans l'électrolyte en ions stanniques est avantageusement maintenue entre 60 et 140 g/l et est de préférence de l'ordre de 100 g/l.The concentration in stannic ion in the electrolyte is advantageously maintained between 60 and 140 g / l and is preferably of the order of 100 g / l.
Si cette concentration est inférieure à 60 g/l, le rendement cathodique risque de diminuer trop fortement et les dépôts obtenus pourraient être pulvérulents aux densités de courant élevées . Si, au contraire, on maintient une concentration en ions stanniques supérieure à 140 g/l, des pertes en étain dues à l'entraînement de l'électrolyte par la bande à recouvrir risquent d'être trop importantes.If this concentration is less than 60 g / l, the cathodic yield may decrease too sharply and the deposits obtained could be pulverulent at high current densities. If, on the contrary, a concentration of stannic ions greater than 140 g / l is maintained, losses of tin due to the entrainment of the electrolyte by the strip to be covered may be too great.
Pour ce qui concerne la température, celle-ci est avantageusement maintenue entre 30 et 50°C et est de préférence de l'ordre de 40°C.As regards the temperature, this is advantageously maintained between 30 and 50 ° C and is preferably of the order of 40 ° C.
Si la température est inférieure à 30°C, la conductivité de l'électrolyte pourrait devenir trop faible, ce qui augmenterait la tension entre l'anode et la cathode et donc la consommation spécifique d'énergie. Si, par contre, cette température est supérieure à 50°, la dissolution du fer de la bande dans l'électrolyte pourrait devenir trop importante.If the temperature is below 30 ° C, the conductivity of the electrolyte could become too low, which would increase the voltage between the anode and the cathode and therefore the specific energy consumption. If, on the other hand, this temperature is greater than 50 °, the dissolution of the iron of the strip in the electrolyte could become too great.
Une telle dissolution pourrait avoir lieu lorsque la bande séjourne dans l'électrolyte sans que l'électrolyse ne soit enclanchée, par exemple en cas d'arrêt de ligne.Such dissolution could take place when the strip remains in the electrolyte without electrolysis being started, for example in the event of a line stop.
La vitesse d'écoulement de l'électrolyte par rapport à la bande se situe avantageusement entre 300 et 600 m/min et est de préférence de l'ordre de 400 m/min.The flow rate of the electrolyte relative to the strip is advantageously between 300 and 600 m / min and is preferably of the order of 400 m / min.
Si cette vitesse est inférieure à 300 m/min, le rendement de courant cathodique pourrait devenir trop faible, lorsque la densité de courant est relativement élevée et les dépôts obtenus pourraient être pulvérulents.If this speed is less than 300 m / min, the cathodic current efficiency could become too low, when the current density is relatively high and the deposits obtained could be pulverulent.
La vitesse d'écoulement de l'électrolyte par rapport à la bande doit être importante, turbulente et uniforme, afin que la densité de courant limite de diffusion soit peu dépendante de la vitesse de ligne, c'est-à-dire la vitesse de défilement de la bande par rapport à la cellule.The flow rate of the electrolyte relative to the strip must be large, turbulent and uniform, so that the diffusion limit current density is not very dependent on the line speed, that is to say the speed of scrolling of the strip relative to the cell.
En conclusion, on observe que les hautes vitesses d'écoulement et les hautes concentrations en ions stanniques sont favorables au rendement de courant cathodique pour des hautes densités de courant.In conclusion, it is observed that the high flow velocities and the high concentrations of stannic ions are favorable to the cathodic current efficiency for high current densities.
Les caractéristiques essentielles du procédé suivant l'invention sont illustrées davantage par les exemples d'application donnés ci-après.The essential characteristics of the process according to the invention are further illustrated by the application examples given below.
Dans ces exemples on fait usage, pour effectuer le dépôt électrolytique d'étain, d'une cellule d'électrolyse continue et à haute densité de courant, comprenant des anodes fixes et une cathode mobile, cette dernière coopérant avec une amenée de courant cathodique de forte capacité et pouvant se déplacer à une distance relativement réduite, sensiblement constante, de l'anode dans une zone dans laquelle peut circuler l'électrolyte pour le transfert de l'étain vers la bande à recouvrir.In these examples, use is made, for carrying out the electrolytic deposition of tin, of a continuous electrolysis cell with a high current density, comprising fixed anodes and a mobile cathode, the latter cooperating with a cathode current supply of high capacity and able to move at a relatively small, substantially constant distance from the anode in an area in which the electrolyte can circulate for the transfer of tin to the strip to be covered.
L'électrolyte est constitué par une solution de chlorure stannique contenant 100 g/l d'ions stanniques.The electrolyte consists of a solution of stannic chloride containing 100 g / l of stannic ions.
La densité de courant a été maintenue à 200 A/dm². La température du bain d'électrolyse était de 40°C et la vitesse d'écoulement de l'électrolyte par rapport à la bande était de 400 m/min.The current density was maintained at 200 A / dm². The temperature of the electrolysis bath was 40 ° C and the flow rate of the electrolyte relative to the strip was 400 m / min.
L'épaisseur de la bande d'acier était de 0,3 mm.The thickness of the steel strip was 0.3 mm.
Le poids du dépôt d'étain était sensiblement constant sur toute la surface de la bande et était de 11,2 g/m².The weight of the tin deposit was substantially constant over the entire surface of the strip and was 11.2 g / m².
Le rendement de courant cathodique était de 98 %The cathodic current efficiency was 98%
La tension anode-cathode était de 7,2 V, la distance anode-cathode étant de 5 mm.The anode-cathode voltage was 7.2 V, the anode-cathode distance being 5 mm.
La consommation spécifique d'énergie était de 6,6 kwh/kg d'étain.The specific energy consumption was 6.6 kWh / kg of tin.
Le dépôt obtenu était brillant et compact.The deposit obtained was bright and compact.
La résistance à la corrosion et l'adhérence des vermis après fusion et passivation chromique étaient élevées.Corrosion resistance and adhesion of vermis after fusion and chromic passivation were high.
L'étain sous forme stanneux dans le bain d'électrolyse ne se trouvait qu'à l'état de traces et le rapport entre la concentration d'ions stanniques par rapport à la somme des concentrations d'ions stanniques et stanneux était supérieur à 99 %.Tin in stannous form in the electrolysis bath was only in trace amounts and the ratio between the concentration of stannous ions compared to the sum of the concentrations of stannous and stannous ions was greater than 99 %.
Les paramètres et caractéristiques de l'exemple 1 ci-dessus et de quelques exemples supplémentaires ont été groupés dans le tableau I ci-après, tandis que les propriétés des dépôts d'étain obtenus et une appréciation générale des conditions de travail et résultats dans chacun des exemples ont été indiquées dans le tableau II.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88201891A EP0357839B1 (en) | 1988-09-05 | 1988-09-05 | Process for electroplating tin |
| DE8888201891T DE3881520D1 (en) | 1988-09-05 | 1988-09-05 | METHOD FOR ELECTROPLATING ZON TIN. |
| AT88201891T ATE90116T1 (en) | 1988-09-05 | 1988-09-05 | METHOD OF ELECTRIC PLATING ZON TIN. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88201891A EP0357839B1 (en) | 1988-09-05 | 1988-09-05 | Process for electroplating tin |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0357839A1 true EP0357839A1 (en) | 1990-03-14 |
| EP0357839B1 EP0357839B1 (en) | 1993-06-02 |
Family
ID=8199849
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88201891A Expired - Lifetime EP0357839B1 (en) | 1988-09-05 | 1988-09-05 | Process for electroplating tin |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0357839B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE90116T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3881520D1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0570033A1 (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-11-18 | Recherche et Développement GROUPE COCKERILL SAMBRE | Process for electroplating tin or tin alloy on a metal workpiece |
| AU645179B2 (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1994-01-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | A process for the manufacture of tinplates |
| US8188619B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2012-05-29 | Powermat Technologies Ltd | Non resonant inductive power transmission system and method |
| US8319925B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2012-11-27 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd. | Encapsulated pixels for display device |
| US8618695B2 (en) | 2008-06-02 | 2013-12-31 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd | Appliance mounted power outlets |
| US8629577B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2014-01-14 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd | Pinless power coupling |
| US11387688B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2022-07-12 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd. | System and method for coded communication signals regulating inductive power transmissions |
| US11837399B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2023-12-05 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd. | Transmission-guard system and method for an inductive power supply |
| US11979201B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2024-05-07 | Powermat Technologies Ltd. | System and method for coded communication signals regulating inductive power transmissions |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB190005496A (en) * | 1900-03-23 | 1900-06-02 | Ernest Quintaine | A Process for Depositing Pure Tin by Electrolysis. |
| US4013523A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1977-03-22 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Tin-gold electroplating bath and process |
| EP0128358A1 (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1984-12-19 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation | Specular product of bronze-like tone |
-
1988
- 1988-09-05 DE DE8888201891T patent/DE3881520D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-05 AT AT88201891T patent/ATE90116T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-05 EP EP88201891A patent/EP0357839B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB190005496A (en) * | 1900-03-23 | 1900-06-02 | Ernest Quintaine | A Process for Depositing Pure Tin by Electrolysis. |
| US4013523A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1977-03-22 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Tin-gold electroplating bath and process |
| EP0128358A1 (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1984-12-19 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation | Specular product of bronze-like tone |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 102, no. 22, juin 1985, page 585, résumé no. 194010w, Columbus, Ohio, US; & ZA-A-84 02 098 (BETHLEHEM STEEL CORP.) 31-10-1984 * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 81, no. 12, 23 septembre 1974, page 596, résumé no. 71908k, Columbus, Ohio, US; & SU-A-412 295 (R.I. RATNER) 25-01-1974 * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 89, no. 18, octobre 1978, page 502, résumé no. 154557m, Columbus, Ohio, US; L. JONAITIENE: "Preparation of tin-selenium electroplates"; & TEZISY DOKL. - RESP. KONF. MOLODYKH UCH.-KHIM., 2nd 1977, 1, 104-5 * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 91, no. 12, septembre 1979, page 514, résumé no. 99177b, Columbus, Ohio, US; SU-A-670 638 (YAROSLAVL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE) 30-06-1979 * |
| IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 9, no. 7, December 1966, page 758, New York, US; S.L. PHILLIPS: "Tin plating bath" * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 12, no. 306 (C-522)[3153], 19 août 1988; & JP-A-63 076 890 (SEIKO INSTR. & ELECTRONICS LTD) 07-04-1988 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 12, no. 306 (C-522)[3153], 19 août 1988; & JP-A-63 076 891 (SEIKO INSTR. & ELECTRONICS LTD) 07-04-1988 * |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU645179B2 (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1994-01-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | A process for the manufacture of tinplates |
| EP0570033A1 (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-11-18 | Recherche et Développement GROUPE COCKERILL SAMBRE | Process for electroplating tin or tin alloy on a metal workpiece |
| BE1005730A4 (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-12-28 | Rech S Et Dev Du Groupe Cocker | Tin electroplating process and / or alloys tin on a metal support. |
| US11611240B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2023-03-21 | Powermat Technologies Ltd. | Pinless power coupling |
| US11437852B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2022-09-06 | Powermat Technologies Ltd. | Pinless power coupling |
| US12308656B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2025-05-20 | Powermat Technologies Ltd. | Pinless power coupling |
| US11881717B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2024-01-23 | Powermat Technologies Ltd. | Pinless power coupling |
| US8629577B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2014-01-14 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd | Pinless power coupling |
| US9666360B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2017-05-30 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd. | Pinless power coupling |
| US11114895B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2021-09-07 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd. | Pinless power coupling |
| US11837399B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2023-12-05 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd. | Transmission-guard system and method for an inductive power supply |
| US8618695B2 (en) | 2008-06-02 | 2013-12-31 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd | Appliance mounted power outlets |
| US11387688B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2022-07-12 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd. | System and method for coded communication signals regulating inductive power transmissions |
| US8188619B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2012-05-29 | Powermat Technologies Ltd | Non resonant inductive power transmission system and method |
| US11979201B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2024-05-07 | Powermat Technologies Ltd. | System and method for coded communication signals regulating inductive power transmissions |
| US8427012B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2013-04-23 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd. | Non resonant inductive power transmission system and method |
| US8319925B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2012-11-27 | Powermat Technologies, Ltd. | Encapsulated pixels for display device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE90116T1 (en) | 1993-06-15 |
| DE3881520D1 (en) | 1993-07-08 |
| EP0357839B1 (en) | 1993-06-02 |
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