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EP0348707A1 - Procédé de traitement des boues d'huiles - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement des boues d'huiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0348707A1
EP0348707A1 EP89110409A EP89110409A EP0348707A1 EP 0348707 A1 EP0348707 A1 EP 0348707A1 EP 89110409 A EP89110409 A EP 89110409A EP 89110409 A EP89110409 A EP 89110409A EP 0348707 A1 EP0348707 A1 EP 0348707A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stream
feed
sludge
water
drier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89110409A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
George M. Lane
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermal Waste Management
Original Assignee
Thermal Waste Management
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermal Waste Management filed Critical Thermal Waste Management
Publication of EP0348707A1 publication Critical patent/EP0348707A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B55/00Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the treatment of petroleum refin­ery sludges, and particularly to a process for the treatment of such sludges to produce a coke-like product useful as a petroleum coke.
  • oily sludges are produced as a waste product.
  • Such sludges are generally characterized as three-phase, multi-component, organic sludges containing water, oil, and solids.
  • the oil component is typically one or more liq­uid hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum ranging from gasoline com­ponents to heavy oils.
  • the solids component may comprise high boiling organic materials, or carbonaceous solids, and may con­tain metallic and other inorganic materials.
  • the water is pres­ent as a result of the use of water for process cooling, cleaning, or the like. Because of the presence of hazardous materials in such sludges, their disposal presents a problem for the petroleum refiner.
  • Such sludges are considered hazardous because of the presence of metals such as lead and chromium, or organic materials such as benzene, cresols, phenol and the like.
  • various alternative technologies have been pro­posed. These include solvent extraction, mechanical dewatering, thermal treatment, chemical fixation and stabilization (mixing the oily sludge with a solidifying agent such as cement).
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,917,564 discloses a processing technique wherein refinery sludges are used as a quench medium in a delayed coking process wherein the sludge is converted into petroleum coke at a pressure and temperature which cause the hydrocarbons in the sludge to crack and/or polymerize to form coke. While this latter tech­nique may be sometime satisfactory, not all petroleum refineries include a delayed coxer. Further, if the sludge is, for example, very high in undesirable metals and ash, the resulting coke prod­uct may not be satisfactory for use as coke.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4.101,414 discloses a process wherein used lubricating oil is predistilled in a steam-stripping still and the predistilled used oil is then subjected to vacuum distillation at a temperature below the cracking temperature of the oil to effect a separation of the used lubricating oil from a residue concentrate byproduct of heavy lube oil hydrocarbons and additives.
  • the concentrate prod­uct formed during the vacuum distillation step includes heavy lube hydrocarbons, additives, metals, metal compounds and the like and is stated to be useful as a lubrication grease.
  • Another object of the invention is such a process which per­mits treatment of petroleum refinery sludges on-site and leaves non-hazardous waste.
  • a further object of the present invention is such a process which is simple in operation, does not require substantial and elaborate equipment for carrying out the process, which equipment may be portable, if desired.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that it does not require extraneous steam for processing and, additionally, a cooling medium, such as cooling water, is not required to cool the coke-like product produced by the process.
  • a further advan­tage of the invention is that the resulting coke-like product, while meeting environmental requirements, has sufficient BTU con­tent for it to qualify as a low grade petroleum coke.
  • a process for treating petroleum refinery sludge to pro­duce a coke-like product comprises forming a feed stream of an oily petroleum refinery sludge containing organic solid material boiling above 1000°F and a preselected amount of water; introducing said feed stream into a sludge drier; heating the feed stream in said drier to a temperature above the boiling point of water and below the temperature at which thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in the feed stream occurs; maintaining the heated feed stream in a non-oxidative atmosphere for a time sufficient for the water in the feed stream to form sream and for the steam to strip any light hydrocarbons from said solid mate­rial in the feed stream; separating a hydrocarbon/water vapor stream from said solid material; and recovering a solid, coke-­like residue product.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention includes the step of pre-treating the feed-stream prior to the heating step to adjust the water content to a level providing sufficient steam for stripping light hydrocarbons from the solids while minimizing the heat required to vaporize the water in the feed-stream.
  • hot flue gases may be used to produce steam for indirect heating of the feed-stream in equipment similar to that used as the sludge drier.
  • the feed-stream for the present process is one or more pe­troleum refinery sludges collected at the petroleum refinery at which the process is to be practiced.
  • the petroluem refinery sludges typically are three-phase, multi-component sludges, usu­ally containing about 20-90 wt.% water, about 5-40 wt.% oil and about 5-35 wt.% solids.
  • the oil portion may include volatile hy­drocarbons such as various aliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic compounds, as well as other organic compounds used or produced in the refinery operation.
  • organic compounds may be, for example, organic acids, such as phenols and cresols.
  • the solids portion of the sludge may include inorganic particulates, such as silica, alumina and the like, metals and metallic compounds, and high boiling organic compounds, e.g., those boiling above about 1000°F, which are normally solid in ambient temperatures.
  • the sludge should contain a sufficient amount of such high boiling organic solids to make it feasible to operate the process for this purpose.
  • the sludge does not contain large amounts of hazardous constituents such as lead, chromium, or the like.
  • the sludge does not contain significant amounts of light hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, naphtha, or kerosene, since they will not usually provide enough residual energy and they are quickly volatilized because of their low boiling points. Concentration of such light materials that will not recondense with typical cooling water at standard pres­sure may present an explosion hazard and, therefore, they are not desirable.
  • crude petroleum is not preferred in the feed-stream when it contains a high concentration of non-condensable hydrocarbons, it may be included if appropriate equipment is provided.
  • the moisture content of the feed-stream is very important for the practice of the present process.
  • the feed-stream should contain sufficient water to provide steam for adequately stripping light hydrocarbons and the like from the solids contained in the feed-stream. If, however, the feed-stream con­tains water in an amount greater than that required for the desired stripping, additional heat will be required to vaporize the water and this will reduce the predicted capacity of the equipment. For example, it was found that a sludge containing 15% water, 30% oil, and 55% solids could be processed at a predicted throughput of 6 tons per hour; however, another sludge containing 40% water, 9% oil and 51% solids could be processed at a capacity of only 3.84 tons per hour.
  • the sludge to be treated has an inadequate moisture con­tent, of course, water can be added to the sludge to adjust the water content of the feed-stream to a satisfactory level.
  • the sludge may be dewatered by the use of centrifuges, filter presses or the like. It may be desirable to use chemicals, such as demulsifiers and/or polymers, all of which may be used to reduce the heat demand and increase the throughput so as to reduce operating costs.
  • a feed-stream 10 is formed from one or more of the petroleum refinery sludges described above and passed into a solids concentration unit 12 such as a filter press where­in oil and water are separated from the solids in the feed-stream to provide a solids concentrate having a water content between about 5% and about 25%, based upon the total weight of the pretreated sludge.
  • a solids concentration unit 12 such as a filter press where­in oil and water are separated from the solids in the feed-stream to provide a solids concentrate having a water content between about 5% and about 25%, based upon the total weight of the pretreated sludge.
  • the solids concentrate is passed by way of line 14 to a pre-drier unit 16 which preferrably is a screw flight drier of the type well known in the art.
  • a screw flight drier is a hollow-screw jacketed-trough thermal drier wherein a solid mate­rial to be processed is moved through the drier by a rotating screw mechanism and a heat transfer fluid is circulated through the hollow screw and the jacket trough to heat the material pass­ing through the drier.
  • the pre-heated solids are passed by line 18 to a thermal desorber, or sludge drier 20, which also is pre­ferrably a screw flight drier of the type described above.
  • a suitable heat transfer fluid such as Dowtherm, or another oil satisfactory for this purpose is heated to the desired tempera­ture by heater 22 and circulated by a circulating pump (not shown) through thermal desorber 20 by lines 24 and 26.
  • heater 22 is fired by a refinery fuel, for example, refin­ery gas, and the combustion thereof produces a hot flue gas which is passed via line 28 through heat exchanger 30 to vaporize water therein.
  • the steam is then passed by line 32 to the predrier 16 and circulated therethrough as the heat medium to preheat the solids concentrate.
  • sludge drier 20 the solids concentrate is heared to a temperature above the boiling point of water and maintained in a non-oxidative atmosphere.
  • the residence time in sludge drier 20 should be long enough for the water contained in the solids concentrate to vaporize and permit the resulting steam to strip the remaining light hydrocarbons from the solids in the feed stream to leave a solid residue.
  • Vapors containing light hydrocarbons and water are removed from sludge drier 20 via line 34.
  • the sludge drier 20 may be op­erated under a slight vacuum sufficient to draw off the vapors, or it may be operated under a slight pressure sufficient to force the vapors out of the system through line 34.
  • These vapors are passed through a condenser 35 and the condensed water and hydro­carbons are collecte and separated in an accumulator (not shown) and recovered.
  • Non-condensable vapors exit through relief line 37 provided with a relief valve 37a and are routed to the refin­ery flare (not shown)
  • the feed-stream passed through sludge drier 20 is not heated to a temperature at which thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in the feed-stream occurs. First, this would tend to produce coke which has a tendency to foul the system. Secondly, at temperatures below the thermal cracking temperature no free radicals are formed, preventing any non-condensables from being formed. Additionally, processing below the thermal cracking temperature level, e.g., less than about 660°F, prevents the same free radicals from, in a secondary reaction, joining to­gether to form larger molecules.
  • a rotary valve 36 of the type well known in the art is used in the line 38 connected to the solid discharge port of sludge drier 20.
  • the valve 36 is divided into several segments so that solid material may be transported out of the vessel without a release of vapors to the atmosphere. As the valve rotates, it seals the following and leading vanes so that at no time is there an uninterrupted path for discharging vapors.
  • the valve 36 is located far enough from the bottom of the sludge drier 20 to prevent liquids from leaving with the produced solid residue.
  • An outlet port on the bottom of the discharge end of sludge drier 20 preferably is fitted with a fine mesh screen to permit the draining off of liquids that, for any reason, fail to be vaporized or converted to a solid.
  • Such liquid can be recycled back to the inlet line 18 ahead of the feed-stream flow­ing into the sludge drier 20.
  • the volume of any recycled liquids can be measured by any convenient means of liquid flow measure­ment. When flow is detected, the operator can be notified and the liquid can then be fed back to the feed line 18.
  • a feed hopper, or bin, 40 located in line 14 ahead of the pre-drier 16 to provide a surge vessel providing a continuous feed-stream to the pre-drier 16.
  • the de-watered material can be placed into a bin, ideally between about 5 and about 7 cubic yard capacity, by any well known con­veying device, such as an articulated conveyor belt (not shown).
  • the bin, or hopper should be located so that material from the bin gravity feeds into the pre-drier 16, is then conveyed through the drier, and exits at the end away from the bin.
  • a vibrating mechanism 41 typically similar to an oil field shaker screen, to prevent bridging and plugging of the feed hopper.
  • the heated solids exiting pre-drier 16 will typically be at a temperature about 100°F, but not usually above 212°F.
  • line 18 should be vapor tight from pre-drier 16 to the inlet of sludge drier 20 to prevent emission of hydrocarbon va­pors to the atmosphere.
  • Thermocouples should be placed at the exit of both pre-drier 16 and sludge drier 20, as well as in the lines 24, 26 and 32, transporting the heat transfer fluids to the sludge drier 20 and pre-drier 16, respectively. This permits a record of the temper­atures so that a continuous heat balance can be maintained.
  • the above described technique for the thermal processing of the petroluem refinery sludges at low temperature to produce a coke like product suitable for use as low grade petroluem coke provides a number of advantages relative to other known forms of disposing of such sludges.
  • the process is cheaper, particularly in a service mode, since the cost of a compressor to capture, liquify and contain produced non-condensables is eliminated.
  • the equipment used in the prac­tice of the process can be portable and does not require addi­tional complicated and expensive equipment.
  • Another important advantage is that, since the process oper­ates below the thermal cracking temperature, coking is avoided, preventing a fouling problem, usually caused by the feed stock being passed directly over a heated surface. As explained above, this prevents the formation of free radicals leading to the for­mation of coke deposits on the interior of the processing equip­ment and eliminates the need for breaker bars to scrape off accu­mulated hydrocarbons from the interior walls of the processing equipment. Also, expensive equipment for collecting and condensing gases is not required.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
EP89110409A 1988-06-30 1989-06-08 Procédé de traitement des boues d'huiles Withdrawn EP0348707A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21372188A 1988-06-30 1988-06-30
US213721 1988-06-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0348707A1 true EP0348707A1 (fr) 1990-01-03

Family

ID=22796245

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89110409A Withdrawn EP0348707A1 (fr) 1988-06-30 1989-06-08 Procédé de traitement des boues d'huiles

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0348707A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02180990A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1088881A1 (fr) * 1999-01-25 2001-04-04 Petrodynamics Environmental, Inc. Procédé catalytique de distillation à vide
EP1171546A4 (fr) * 1998-11-03 2003-05-28 Scaltech Inc Procede d'elimination des dechets de cokefaction
ITMI20091276A1 (it) * 2009-07-17 2011-01-18 Eni Spa Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per il trattamento termico di fanghi di raffineria
CN115849643A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2023-03-28 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 一种油田热脱附装置原料预处理系统
NO20220506A1 (en) * 2022-05-03 2023-11-06 Thermtech Holding As Process for Treating a Mixture of Solid Material and Liquids, Composition Obtainable by the Process, and Use of the Composition

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009028518A1 (fr) * 2007-08-24 2009-03-05 System Kikou Co., Ltd. Procédé pour la réduction de boue contenant de l'huile

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR702750A (fr) * 1930-09-29 1931-04-15 Transformation en hydrocarbures légers et coke des résidus acides provenant du raffinage de pétrole brut et de ses dérivés
US2043646A (en) * 1932-06-30 1936-06-09 Standard Oil Co Process for the conversion of acid sludge into sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and coke
US3652405A (en) * 1970-06-15 1972-03-28 Texaco Inc Sewage and municipal refuse liquid phase coking process
US4135888A (en) * 1977-09-20 1979-01-23 Nuclear Supreme Enriched fuel making and sewage treating process
EP0224353A1 (fr) * 1985-11-08 1987-06-03 Atlantic Richfield Company Méthode et appareil pour traiter des boues
EP0285231A1 (fr) * 1987-04-02 1988-10-05 Haden Drysys International Limited Méthode et appareil à traitement des déchets mixtes organiques et inorganiques

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR702750A (fr) * 1930-09-29 1931-04-15 Transformation en hydrocarbures légers et coke des résidus acides provenant du raffinage de pétrole brut et de ses dérivés
US2043646A (en) * 1932-06-30 1936-06-09 Standard Oil Co Process for the conversion of acid sludge into sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and coke
US3652405A (en) * 1970-06-15 1972-03-28 Texaco Inc Sewage and municipal refuse liquid phase coking process
US4135888A (en) * 1977-09-20 1979-01-23 Nuclear Supreme Enriched fuel making and sewage treating process
EP0224353A1 (fr) * 1985-11-08 1987-06-03 Atlantic Richfield Company Méthode et appareil pour traiter des boues
EP0285231A1 (fr) * 1987-04-02 1988-10-05 Haden Drysys International Limited Méthode et appareil à traitement des déchets mixtes organiques et inorganiques

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1171546A4 (fr) * 1998-11-03 2003-05-28 Scaltech Inc Procede d'elimination des dechets de cokefaction
EP1088881A1 (fr) * 1999-01-25 2001-04-04 Petrodynamics Environmental, Inc. Procédé catalytique de distillation à vide
ITMI20091276A1 (it) * 2009-07-17 2011-01-18 Eni Spa Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per il trattamento termico di fanghi di raffineria
WO2011007231A3 (fr) * 2009-07-17 2011-07-14 Eni S.P.A. Procédé et appareil pour le traitement thermique de boues de raffinage
US8969647B2 (en) 2009-07-17 2015-03-03 Eni S.P.A. Process and apparatus for the thermal treatment of refinery sludge
CN115849643A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2023-03-28 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 一种油田热脱附装置原料预处理系统
NO20220506A1 (en) * 2022-05-03 2023-11-06 Thermtech Holding As Process for Treating a Mixture of Solid Material and Liquids, Composition Obtainable by the Process, and Use of the Composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH02180990A (ja) 1990-07-13

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