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EP0233175A1 - Dispositif de reglage des parametres d'exposition d'un equipement radiologique - Google Patents

Dispositif de reglage des parametres d'exposition d'un equipement radiologique

Info

Publication number
EP0233175A1
EP0233175A1 EP85900156A EP85900156A EP0233175A1 EP 0233175 A1 EP0233175 A1 EP 0233175A1 EP 85900156 A EP85900156 A EP 85900156A EP 85900156 A EP85900156 A EP 85900156A EP 0233175 A1 EP0233175 A1 EP 0233175A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exposure
ray
personal computer
ray equipment
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85900156A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Istvan Biro
Zoltan Kasa
Gyorgy Areldt
Gábor ZBOROVSZKY
György RELDT
Ferenc Vas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Medicor Muvek
Original Assignee
Medicor Muvek
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Medicor Muvek filed Critical Medicor Muvek
Publication of EP0233175A1 publication Critical patent/EP0233175A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
    • H05G1/30—Controlling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
    • H05G1/30—Controlling
    • H05G1/46—Combined control of different quantities, e.g. exposure time as well as voltage or current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to X-ray control technique, more particularly to an apparatus for setting the exposure parameters such as the high voltage, X-ray tube current and exposure time of an exposure. It is well known in the X-ray art that in case of each X-ray exposure the radiologist or the X-ray per ⁇ sonnel should set the parameters of exposure according to the actually require examination. The parameters which can be expressed in volt, milliamper and second/milli- second/ units can be varied in each X-ray equipment within wide ranges, and in spite of the experiences such personnel might have acquired, X-ray specialists prefer defining the examinations rather than the technical para ⁇ meters connected with such examinations. The high price of X-ray films and the striving of using minimum dosages to the patients impose the require ⁇ ment that each exposure should be made under optimum con ⁇ ditions. The parameters of an exposure depend largely on
  • control unit 20 typical example for such a control is the control unit of the P0LYD0R0S 50/80/100 generators of the Siemens Ag. /G.F.R./.
  • this control unit a matrix consisting of 7 rows and 7 columns is arranged in the control panel, and besides the rows there is illustrated a standing human
  • each row is associated with a body-part on the corresponding height and the columns are associated with various examinations on the given body-part.
  • the selection of the examination occurs by pressing the field in the crossing of the proper row and column, and
  • control unit 30 in response to the selection an appropriate inscription on that field will be illuminated, and a display board will indicate the parameters associated with that particular examination.
  • control unit In addition to the selection of an examination the control unit enables the setting of several other con-
  • the control unit is closely related to the specific
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for setting the exposure parameters of an X-ray equipment, that imposes no limitations regarding the number of body-parts and differentiation in the res-
  • 35 utilized a-lso for other purposes.
  • FIG. 1 shows the general block diagram of the appa- ratus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the control block and the X-ray equip ⁇ ment in more detail
  • FIG. 3 is a flow-chart illustrating the algorythm "" ; " - '. '• " ' ' : -"' ; . •' ' - of setting 'the " parameters " of an 'exposure in response to information obtained from the personal computer
  • FIG. 4 shows the display picture during body-part selection
  • FIG. 5 shows the display picture during examination selection
  • FIG. 6 shows the display picture when both selections have been made.
  • FIG. 1 shows the overall block diagram of the X-ray control system according to the invention. The arrangement consists of three main functional blocks i.e. conventional X-ray equipment 100, control block 200 and personal com ⁇ puter 300. The functional blocks of the X-ray equipment 100 have been illustrated in such depth only which is sufficient for understanding the way of control.
  • the X-ray equipment 100 has an X-ray tube * 101 with an anode and a cathode connected via high voltage rectifier 102 to out ⁇ put of high voltage transformer 103.
  • the primary coil of the transformer 103 is connected to a conventional voltage adjusting block 104 which has voltage adjustment control inputs 105 for the adjustment of the voltage of the trans ⁇ former 103 according to preset values determined by the control block 200.
  • the filament of the X-ray tube 101 is driven by fila ⁇ ment transformer 106 which has a primary coil supplied by chopper 107 with a voltage determined by the control block 200.
  • the effective output voltage of the chopper 107 de ⁇ termines the current value of the X-ray tube 101 during exposure.
  • the duration of exposures is determined by timer 108 coupled e.g. to control input of the voltage ad ust- ing block 104..
  • the timing of the timer 108 is defined by
  • otating the anode of the -• • - X-ray-tu-be-.-lOl an anode -rotation- sta or 109- is-- used: which is driven by anode rotation control block 110 receiving rotation command signals from the control block 200.
  • a block of auxiliary equipments 111 is shown which symbolizes various optional and conventional equipments usable in connection .with the X-ray equipment such as bucky grid, automatic exposure control, automatic brightness control., fluoroscopy control, tomographic equipment connec ⁇ tion block, etc. It is common for the auxiliary equipments that their operation /or presence/ is reported to the control block 200 via port 50 and if they require control signals, such signals are supplied via port 60 from the control block 200.
  • the control block 200 and the personal computer 300 have the task of setting and controlling the operation of the X-ray equipment 100. This task is distributed between the personal computer 300 and the control block 200 in such a way that the personal computer 300 can provide for a high degree of flexibility and comfort in handling regard ⁇ ing the adjustment and setting the parameters of exposures, while the control block 200 is an intelligent interface that coordinates the various control processes and provides for the required safety in accordance with the actual structural design of the X-ray equipment 100.
  • the control block 200 comprises a microcontroller 210 as its main block which can be made preferably by an INTEL 8051 microprocessor.
  • the microcontroller 210 is connected to a kV control unit 220 which is connected via port 10 to the control input of the voltage adjusting block 104, to a fila ⁇ ment generator 230 for controlling the chopper 107 via port 20, to an SCR controller 240 connected via port 30 to the control input of the timer 108, to an anode rotation control unit 250 connected via port 40 to the anode rotation control block 110 and to ports 50 and 60 for transmitting and receiving signals to or from the block of auxiliary equip ⁇ ments 111.
  • the microcontroller 210 has a standard serial interface port 260 -for establishing a connection via a-- ' - standard serial line 70 towards the personal computer 300. There is provided a port 80 of the microcontroller 210 with a standard exposition pushbutton 82.
  • the various status data of the X-ray equipment 100 are reported to the control block 200 via connections .towards the microcontroller 210 which have not been shown in the drawing. Such connections are used for the purpose of interrupting or inhibiting the exposure if the actually set values are not conforming to those set by the control block 200.
  • FIG. 2 shows the functional block diagram of the control block 200 in detail.
  • the microcontroller 210 is made preferably by a conventional microprocessor such as the type 8051 of INTEL Corporation.
  • FIG. 2 shows a portion of the internal structure of this microprocessor used ' operatively in the present invnetion.
  • the microcontroller 210 comprises a serial interface 211 with an input buffer for receiving and storing serial data arriving through input data line RXD via port 260 from the personal computer 300 and for transmitting the data stored in the buffer through output data line TXD towards the personal computer 300.
  • a CPU 212 there is provided in the microcontroller 210 a CPU 212, a random access memory 213, a read only memory 214, first and second timers 215 and 216, respectively, and a set of ports each including a predetermined number of in ⁇ put/output terminals.
  • Port 0 has eight terminals which are used for setting the kV value and the time of exposure.
  • Ports 1 to 3 are associated with various auxiliary functions including the connection towards the exposition push ⁇ button 82, the setting of the anode rotation, the connec ⁇ tions towards the block of auxiliary equipments 111 and to receive status information from the functional blocks of
  • the setting of the mA value of the X-ray equipment 1Q0 occurs by means ⁇ f the. first -timer 215 which delivers a pulse ' train'wi ' th a frequency determined by the micro- ' controller 210.
  • the output of the first timer 215 is coupled to a frequency to voltage converter 231 which provides a voltage output signal in response to the frequency of the input pulses.
  • This voltage signal is coupled to control in ⁇ put of a voltage controlled, power supply 232 receiving a predetermined supply voltage O foi .
  • the voltage controlled power supply 232 supplies an output voltage via port 20 to the chopper 107 in the equipment 100 which corresponds to the voltage applied to its control input.
  • the output of the chopper 107 drives via a sensor resistor R the primary winding of the filament transformer 106.
  • the voltage accross the resistor R is received by a current comparator 233 which turns on if the current through the resistor R drops below a predetermined treshold level. This turned on state of the comparator 233 is fed back to the microcontroller 210 to signalize that the filament current is out of normal range.
  • the setting of the time of exposure occurs through the first output terminal 0 of port 0.
  • the microcontroller 210 delivers a pulse to this terminal with a length equal to the required duration of exposure.
  • the SCR controller 240 is in fact a buffer amplifier which provides a suitable driving pulse to the timer 108 in the X-ray equipment 100.
  • the kV value of the X-ray equipment is set by means of the voltage adjusting block 104.
  • the high voltage transformer 103 has a pre ⁇ determined number of primary coils which are connected to respective outputs of contactors 112 such as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the contactors 112 can be operated according to predetermined combinations and each combination is associated with a certain number of effective primary turns of the transformer 103 j thus a corresponding high voltage is obtained in the secondary of the transformer 103.
  • the contactors 112 are driven by respective relays 113 which receive their drive through, port 10 from the kV control unit 220.
  • the unit 220 consists of as many driver stages as the number of the relays 113 and it has a corresponding number of input lines. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 this number is seven and takes the terminals 1 to 7 of port 0.
  • the unit 220 can be imp ⁇ lemented -by conventional drivers with the type ULN 2803 of SPRAGUE Corp.
  • the anode rotation is controlled by an output ter ⁇ minal of port 1 of the microcontroller 210 which turns on the anode rotation control unit 250.
  • This unit includes a buffer amplifier and a relay which provides a voltage signal through port 40 to the anode rotation control block 110.
  • the personal computer 300 de ⁇ livers at least the following three information to the microcontroller 210: a/ the kV value in the form of a coded combination that defines the logical states of terminals 1 to 7 of port 0 associated with this value; b/ the mA value of the current that should flow through the X-ray tube during exposure, in the form of a frequency code which should be delivered by the first timer 215; and c/ the duration of the exposure i.e. the SCR value.
  • These three items of information are passed through the serial line 70 to the microcontroller 210 in the form of a serial sequence.
  • FIG. 3 is the flow-chart of the main events that take place during an exposure.
  • the first decision that the CPU 212 should examine is the actual state of the serial buffer of the interface 211. If the buffer is loaded by data /first with the data of the kV code/, the process starts and the kV code is read from the buffer in port 0 /terminals 1 to 7/. ' The -next decision is ' similar to the first one ' , • - ••' i.e. the CPU examines whether the serial buffer is loaded /now with the information of the mA value/.
  • the filament frequency code is written from the buffer in the first timer 215, and this timer is started to produce a pulse sequence by the predetermined frequency.
  • This frequency is converted by the converter 231 to a voltage value which determines the attenuation ratio i.e. the output voltage of the controlled power supply 232.
  • the chopper 107 generates a squarewave voltage signal which is passed to the filament transformer 106 and the X-ray tube will be heated.
  • the next step comprises a similar decision, and if the next information /the duration of the exposure/ is al ⁇ ready available in the buffer, the corresponding time code is written in the second timer 216.
  • the CPU sets terminal r , of port 1 in on-state, whereby the anode rotation is started.
  • a predetermined waiting ti ⁇ re is introduced which is the function of the time required for the rotation transients, of the filament settling time and of the time required for the setting of the con- tactors.
  • the waiting time is somewhat longer then the longest one of these three conditions.
  • the CPU examines now the condition of the second timer 216, and when its timing has finished, the on-state is re-
  • OMPI leased from the terminal £ and the second timer 216 is re ⁇ set. This means the end of the exposure.
  • a basic frequen ⁇ cy value - is read from the ROM 214 in the first timer 215 which corresponds to the required extent of preheating ' the filaments between subsequent exposures, and the terminals 1 to 7 of port 0 are all reset, whereby all contactors get released.
  • the anode rotation is also stopped.
  • the control block 200 has arrived again in the starting position and a new exposure can be set and started. From this way of operation it can be seen, that the application of the control block 200 with a microcontroller 210 therein could substantially solve all tasks connected with the coordination of various phases of operation re ⁇ quired for carrying out an exposure.
  • the intelligence built in the control block 200 relieves the personal computer from performing a large number of control and checking functions, and in this way the capacity of the personal computer can freely be utiliz ⁇ ed for facilitating the handling and increasing the flexi ⁇ bility in adapting the whole system to various clinical and technical conditions.
  • FIG. 4 shows the screen of the display of the personal computer in the first selection mode when body-part selection takes place.
  • a schematic standing human figure can be seen which is divided by app ⁇ ropriate contour lines in several areas, all well recong- nizable for those having at least some skill in medical art. One of these areas if flashing.
  • the body-parts which can be selected can be chosen according to .a predetermined , order of, sequence,_ e.g. from the skull... ,._; gradually " down ' t the feet'.
  • sequence e.g. from the skull... ,._
  • the skull is indicat- ed as flashing. Beside the human figure the right area of the screen is associated with a text window. In the text window the X-ray examinations are enlisted which can be carried out on the flashing body part. If the body part to be chosen is not the skull, the personnel should simply push a key on the standard keyboard on the personal computer associated with one step of upwardly or downwardly scroll ⁇ ing a picture, and in response to this event the flashing will jump to the next possible body part in upward or downward direction and the text window will comprise the list of examinations associated with the newly selected body-part. When the required body-part is flashing-, the selection can be made by pushing e. g. the "return" key in the keyboard. In that case the selected body part will stop flashing, it becomes highlighted and the cursor will jump to the first line in the list of examinations in the text window. In
  • the selected body part is the thorax which is high ⁇ lighted and the text window comprises the various examin ⁇ ations that can be carried out in this body part.
  • the cursor i.e. the flashing of a line can be moved up and down by the same keys as in body-part selection and the required examin ⁇ ation can be selected by pushing e.g. the "return" key when the cursor is in the required line.
  • the selected line will stop flash ⁇ ing and becomes highlighted as it is indicated in FIG. 6.
  • the kV, mA and secundum values associated with that particular examination will be passed from the personal computer to the control block 200 in the form of a standard serial information sequence.
  • the number of selectable body- parts and the examinations that can be associated with a body, part can . be varied within, wide, limits. . .. .. ....
  • the personal computer can provide a number of additional services for the personnel.
  • the three parameters of the exposure ⁇ are depending not only on the body part and on the required examination but also on a number of other factors, such as age and condition- of the individual who is to be examined.
  • a condition can be e.g. the weight, the fact if the examined body part is plastered or if she is in pregnancy, etc.
  • Further factors are those connected with the X-ray equipments, e.g. the quality of the film, the distance of the X-ray source from the body part /e.g. magnification/, and the presence of auxiliary equipments like a bucky-grid, etc.
  • the computer program required for the selection of the body-part and of the examination is rather simple and on the basis of the aforementioned information anyone skilled in programming can write it.
  • the personal computer must be supplied with a large number of data which comprise the para ⁇ meter triplets associated with each selectable examination.
  • the selection provides the address in the memory in which the acquired parameter triplet is stored. It is clear that as many of such tables of data must be stored in the memory as many different conditions can be selected.
  • the personnel should set these factors either before or after the selection of the examination and the body part. There are a number of factors which are constant for a given equipment or a given state of the equipment /like film-sen- sitivity, distance, bucky-grid, etc./ and these factors do not have to be set at each exposure. Alternatively, the demand of memory capacity can be decreased if some of the factors can be calculated from the .values of the parameter triplets when the associated conditions are known.
  • the usage of a personal computer in combination with the control block 200 offers a number of advantages. First, the handling gets easier and more reliable. Furthermore, the price of personal, computers,.manufactured In..large scales is much below the price of special purpose computers.
  • the computer Owing to the sharing of the control functions betwen the computer and the control block, the computer has got relieved. rom a large number of special tasks, therefore it can be prog ⁇ rammed without the actual knowledge of the various internal operational conditions of the X-ray equipment, and the per- sonal computer will have sufficient spare capacity for servic ⁇ ing more than one X-ray equipment at a time, whereby X-ray centres can be formed.
  • the excess capacity of the personal computer can also be used for recording the relevant data of the patient and for automating the administration work which has imposed a considerable load on personnel in X-ray stations,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Abstract

Dans ce dispositif, la fonction de commande est partagée entre un bloc de commande dépendant de la machine, comprenant un microcontrôleur, et un ordinateur personnel. Le bloc de commande est conçu pour ajuster les différents réglages de l'équipement à rayons X et pour commander les conditions devant régner entre ces paramètres pour obtenir un fonctionnement fiable et réaliser une interface avec l'ordinateur personnel, celui-ci étant utilisé en mode dialogue par le personnel de radiologie pour sélectionner l'examen requis et pour régler les conditions réelles de l'examen.
EP85900156A 1984-11-21 1984-11-21 Dispositif de reglage des parametres d'exposition d'un equipement radiologique Withdrawn EP0233175A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/HU1984/000054 WO1986003363A1 (fr) 1984-11-21 1984-11-21 Dispositif de reglage des parametres d'exposition d'un equipement radiologique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0233175A1 true EP0233175A1 (fr) 1987-08-26

Family

ID=10980574

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85900156A Withdrawn EP0233175A1 (fr) 1984-11-21 1984-11-21 Dispositif de reglage des parametres d'exposition d'un equipement radiologique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0233175A1 (fr)
HU (2) HU195383B (fr)
WO (1) WO1986003363A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0377295A1 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1990-07-11 Eli Lilly And Company Vecteurs d'expression comportant un ADN recombinant et composés d'ADN codant pour l'activité isopénicilline N-épimérase (racémase)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4013703C2 (de) * 1990-04-28 1999-04-01 Bork Klaus Peter Schaltungsanordnung für insbesondere für Diagnosezwecke eingesetzte Röntgengeneratoren
WO1994028696A1 (fr) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-08 Boris Yanovich Mishkinis Methode de commande d'un appareil radiologique et appareil radiologique mettant en ×uvre cette methode
DE19520360C2 (de) * 1995-06-07 2000-08-10 Bork Klaus Peter Verfahren zur Durchführung von Konstanzprüfungen an für Diagnosezwecke eingesetzte Röntgengeneratoren

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4158138A (en) * 1977-10-25 1979-06-12 Cgr Medical Corporation Microprocessor controlled X-ray generator
DE2927207A1 (de) * 1979-07-05 1981-01-08 Philips Patentverwaltung Verfahren zum steuern der einer drehanoden-roentgenroehre zugefuehrten elektrischen leistung
DE3007621C2 (de) * 1980-02-28 1985-01-03 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung mit einer Zeitschalteinrichtung und einer Anzeigevorrichtung für Durchleuchtungsdaten
US4335307A (en) * 1980-04-21 1982-06-15 Technicare Corporation Radiographic apparatus and method with automatic exposure control
US4578767A (en) * 1981-10-02 1986-03-25 Raytheon Company X-ray system tester

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8603363A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0377295A1 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1990-07-11 Eli Lilly And Company Vecteurs d'expression comportant un ADN recombinant et composés d'ADN codant pour l'activité isopénicilline N-épimérase (racémase)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU195383B (en) 1988-04-28
HUT42665A (en) 1987-07-28
WO1986003363A1 (fr) 1986-06-05

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