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EP0201665A1 - Heat transfer element comprising parallel tubes with fins - Google Patents

Heat transfer element comprising parallel tubes with fins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0201665A1
EP0201665A1 EP86101327A EP86101327A EP0201665A1 EP 0201665 A1 EP0201665 A1 EP 0201665A1 EP 86101327 A EP86101327 A EP 86101327A EP 86101327 A EP86101327 A EP 86101327A EP 0201665 A1 EP0201665 A1 EP 0201665A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tubes
ribs
exchanger according
corrugations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86101327A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0201665B1 (en
Inventor
Roland Diethelm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG, Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Publication of EP0201665A1 publication Critical patent/EP0201665A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0201665B1 publication Critical patent/EP0201665B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/454—Heat exchange having side-by-side conduits structure or conduit section
    • Y10S165/50—Side-by-side conduits with fins
    • Y10S165/501—Plate fins penetrated by plural conduits
    • Y10S165/504—Contoured fin surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/903—Convection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger with a plurality of mutually parallel tubes which carry a first medium, which are arranged in a plurality of mutually parallel rows and are provided with corrugated sheet metal fins which are distributed over their length and extend transversely to the tube axis and are connected to the tubes in a heat-conducting manner , with a second medium flowing in the spaces remaining between the ribs.
  • Such a heat exchanger is known from DE-OS 23 05 056, in which the sheet metal fins are corrugated throughout and are also provided with holes.
  • the holes are said to improve the heat transfer from the fins to the second medium by swirling it and partially flowing from one side of a sheet metal fin to the other side.
  • the improvement in heat transfer is bought with relatively high pressure losses.
  • the production of the known heat exchanger is made considerably more difficult because of the corrugations also present in the penetration area of the pipes, since the corrugations in the area mentioned can only be formed by means of complicated shaping tools and in several work steps. The manufacturing costs for the molds are also considerable.
  • each rib is only outside an area which surrounds the associated tube and extends against the adjacent tube of the same row of tubes, and in that the corrugations are free of perforations. Because the pipe penetration area of the fins is free from corrugations, the production of the fins is significantly easier and cheaper than the continuously corrugated sheet metal fins of the known heat exchanger, which also contributes to the fact that the molding tool is less expensive. The fact that the corrugations in the ribs are free of perforations results in significantly lower pressure losses for the second medium.
  • this feature leads to clear, manageable flow patterns of the second medium, which enable a theoretical recording of the physical processes in the heat exchanger according to the invention, so that its thermodynamic behavior - in contrast to the known heat exchanger - is relatively easy to calculate.
  • Another advantage is that because of the lack of holes in the corrugations improve the strength properties of the new heat exchanger. It has moreover been shown that the lack of holes in the heat exchanger has a heat transfer coefficient which far exceeds that of the known heat exchanger, which is due to the fact that the heat conduction in the sheet metal fins is not disturbed by holes. This prevents local heat build-up and the resulting thermal stress.
  • the shape of the ribs according to claim 5 leads to particularly low pressure losses, since the offset of the area of the ribs penetrated by the tubes is prevented from flowing through the second medium.
  • Claim 6 characterizes a production-friendly way of designing ribs in the area of the pipe penetrations.
  • the arrangement of aerodynamic bodies according to claim 8 further improves the flow conditions and is of considerable importance if the second medium is deflected upstream and / or downstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has many straight tubes 2, which are arranged one above the other in several parallel rows and carry a first medium, for example hot water.
  • the tubes 2 are connected to one another via many fins 3, and a second medium, for example cooling air (arrows L), flows through the heat exchanger thus formed in the direction of the rows of tubes.
  • the ribs 3 are made of sheet metal and are closed arranged parallel to each other distributed over the length of the tubes 2.
  • each rib 3 has an undulated section 3 'and two corrugated sections 3 "adjoining it on the outside.
  • the section 3' lies in the penetration area of the tubes 2 and, with the corrugated sections 3", has an offset 6 each connected.
  • a necked collar 7 is provided for each tube 2, which in the assembled state of the heat exchanger encloses one tube and via which the rib is connected to the tube in a heat-conducting manner, e.g. by welding.
  • each rib 3 are shaped such that waves with a constant wavelength w adjoin one another in the direction of flow of the second medium.
  • the wave crests 5 of the waves form a straight line which starts in FIG. 2 from the upper edge of the crank 6.
  • the wave troughs 5 'of the waves lying between the wave crests 5 also originate from the upper edge of the cranks 6 and, after an arcuate transition, run essentially parallel to the wave crests 5.
  • In the foreground of FIG 2 shows approximately half of the corrugated sections 3 ′′. The other half, not shown, is symmetrical and ends at the upper edge of the corresponding offset of the adjacent row of pipes.
  • All ribs 3 are the same among themselves and are placed on the pipes for the purpose of mounting the heat exchanger and pushed together so far that the crankings 6 touch one another. Since the height of the cranks is the same in each case, there are between two adjacent ribs 3 in their corrugated ab cut spaces 4 and between the non-corrugated flat sections 3 'spaces 4'. The distance between the corrugations of two adjacent rib sections 3 "is therefore constant.
  • the ribs 3 with the shafts, the crankings 6 and the collar 7 are produced in a single operation from flat sheet metal strips by means of an appropriate molding tool.
  • the cooling air flows in the spaces 4 and 4 1 , and the hot water to be cooled flows in the pipes 2 transversely thereto.
  • the heat is distributed over the walls of the pipes 2 into the fins 3, in which they accumulate without accumulation spreads out in a straight line.
  • the spaces 4 between the corrugated sheet metal sections 3 ′′ there is practically no swirling of the cooling air due to the lack of breakthroughs, so that in this air pressure losses essentially only occur due to friction; these losses are therefore very small.
  • the repeated changes in direction of the air flowing through occur the waves of the sections 3 "lead to small pressure fluctuations, which constantly result in the dismantling of the boundary layer which is formed, which ensures good heat transfer in the corrugated spaces.
  • the spaces 4 'penetrated by the tubes between the flat rib sections 3' are relatively small and, overall, cause only a slight pressure loss.
  • the cranks 6 effectively separate these spaces 4 'from the corrugated spaces 4.
  • the hot water to be cooled is opened in a straight, rectangular cross section pointing pipes 12 which touch each other within a row.
  • the shape of the tubes 12 is also advantageous in that the distance between their long sides and the respectively adjacent corrugated fin section 3 "is smaller 1 and 2, so that there are better heat transfer conditions.
  • a hyperbolic cooling tower 15 has a vertical, ring-shaped air inlet in its lower region, while the air outlet in its upper region is horizontal and circular.
  • Thirty-two heat exchangers 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are delta-shaped around the air inlet of the cooling tower. Hot water to be cooled flows in the tubes 2 of these heat exchangers, e.g. from a power plant, so that the cooling air entering the cooling tower is heated.
  • each heat exchanger 1 has an inflow body 8 and an outflow body 9 in the region of the intermediate spaces 4 '. These bodies 8 and 9, which improve the flow profile of the cooling air (arrows 16), are arranged with their boundary surfaces in alignment with the cranks 6.
  • the heat exchanger has vertical, straight pipes 22 which carry a first medium and are arranged in rows, only one of which is shown here represents is.
  • the tubes 22 are provided with horizontal, likewise parallel ribs 23 made of sheet metal. These ribs define gaps 24 through which a second medium flows at right angles to the plane of the drawing. They have corrugated sections 23 "and flat sections 23 'on both sides of them, which merge directly into one another without cranking.
  • the wave crests 25 of sections 23" lie in the same plane as the flat sections 23.
  • Collars 27 in sections 23' each comprise a tube 22 and at the same time determine the distance between adjacent ribs 23.
  • the spaces between the flat sections 23 'and part of the spaces 24 directly adjoining them, namely the transition area from the flat to the corrugated sections, are filled with packing elements 26.
  • These fillers - viewed perpendicular to the plane of the drawing - extend along the entire depth of the heat exchanger. They can consist of different materials, eg rubber, plastic, epoxy or cast aluminum, and can be made in one or more parts for each row of pipes.
  • the distance between the ribs can be varied, for example, with the height of the individual ribs, and the wavelength w need not necessarily be constant.
  • the type of transition from flat to undulating region may be structured differently by the corrugated sections are for example welded to the cranks or glued.
  • the cranks do not have to be flat or vertical.
  • the pipes can also run horizontally or inclined and do not have to be straight.
  • the ribs do not necessarily have to be flat in the pipe penetration area, and the longitudinal axis of the pipes can also be arranged inclined to the sheet metal ribs.
  • a cross-section other than a rectangular matrix can be provided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tubes.
  • the tubes can have other cross-sectional shapes, for example oval or the cross-section is variable along the longitudinal axis of the tube. Because of special strength and / or thermal requirements, it may be possible to use pipes and / or fins with different wall thicknesses within the same heat exchanger. If necessary, the collars 7, 27 can be tightly connected to one another, for example by soldering, so that they form the tubes themselves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

Die ein erstes Medium führenden Rohre (2) des Wärmeübertragers sind mit Blechrippen (3) versehen, die über die Rohrlänge verteilt sind und Wellenform haben. In den zwischen den Rippen verbleibenden Zwischenräumen (4) strömt ein zweites Medium. Die Wellungen (5) jeder Rippe befinden sich nur ausserhalb eines Bereiches, der das zugehörige Rohr (2) umgibt und sich gegen das benachbarte Rohr der selben Rohrreihe erstreckt. Die Wellungen (5) sind frei von Durchbrechungen. Hierdurch wird der Druckverlust des zweiten Mediums wesentlich verringert unter Beibehaltung guter Wärmeübertragungseigenschaften.The pipes (2) of the heat exchanger which carry a first medium are provided with sheet metal fins (3) which are distributed over the pipe length and have a wave shape. A second medium flows in the spaces (4) remaining between the ribs. The corrugations (5) of each rib are only outside an area which surrounds the associated tube (2) and extends against the adjacent tube of the same row of tubes. The corrugations (5) are free of perforations. As a result, the pressure loss of the second medium is significantly reduced while maintaining good heat transfer properties.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeübertrager mit mehreren zueinander parallelen, ein erstes Medium führenden Rohren, die in mehreren zueinander parallelen Reihen angeordnet und mit über ihre Länge verteilten, quer zur Rohrachse sich erstreckenden, gewellten Rippen aus Blech versehen sind, die mit den Rohren wärmeleitend verbunden sind, wobei ein zweites Medium in den zwischen den Rippen verbleibenden Zwischenräumen strömt.The invention relates to a heat exchanger with a plurality of mutually parallel tubes which carry a first medium, which are arranged in a plurality of mutually parallel rows and are provided with corrugated sheet metal fins which are distributed over their length and extend transversely to the tube axis and are connected to the tubes in a heat-conducting manner , with a second medium flowing in the spaces remaining between the ribs.

Aus der DE-OS 23 05 056 ist ein solcher Wärmeübertrager bekannt, bei dem die Blechrippen durchgehend gewellt und ausserdem mit Löchern versehen sind.Such a heat exchanger is known from DE-OS 23 05 056, in which the sheet metal fins are corrugated throughout and are also provided with holes.

Die Löcher sollen eine Verbesserung des Wärmeüberganges von den Rippen zum zweiten Medium bewirken, indem dieses verwirbelt wird und zum Teil von der einen Seite einer Blechrippe zur anderen Seite strömt. Es hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, dass die Verbesserung des Wärmeüberganges mit relativ hohen Druckverlusten erkauft wird. Ausserdem ist die Herstellung des bekannten Wärmeübertragers wegen der auch im Durchdringungsbereich der Rohre vorhandenen Wellungen wesentlich erschwert, da die Wellungen in dem genannten Bereich nur mittels komplizierten Formwerkzeugen und in mehreren Arbeitsschritten geformt werden können. Die Herstellkosten für die Formwerkzeuge sind ebenfalls beträchtlich.The holes are said to improve the heat transfer from the fins to the second medium by swirling it and partially flowing from one side of a sheet metal fin to the other side. However, it has been found that the improvement in heat transfer is bought with relatively high pressure losses. In addition, the production of the known heat exchanger is made considerably more difficult because of the corrugations also present in the penetration area of the pipes, since the corrugations in the area mentioned can only be formed by means of complicated shaping tools and in several work steps. The manufacturing costs for the molds are also considerable.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, den Wärmeübertrager der eingangs genannten Gattung so zu verbessern, dass er bei wesentlich geringerem Druckverlust etwa gleich gute Wärmeübertragungseigenschaften aufweist und dass sich er einfacher und damit kostengünstiger herstellen lässt.It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it has approximately the same good heat transfer properties with a substantially lower pressure drop and that it can be manufactured more simply and therefore more cost-effectively.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Wellungen jeder Rippe sich nur ausserhalb eines Bereiches befinden, der das zugehörige Rohr umgibt und sich gegen das benachbarte Rohr derselben Rohrreihe erstreckt,und dass die Wellungen frei von Durchbrechungen sind. Dadurch dass der Rohrdurchdringungsbereich der Rippen frei von Wellungen ist, ist das Herstellen der Rippen bedeutend einfacher und kostengünstiger als der durchgehend gewellten Blechrippen des bekannten das Wärmeübertragers, wozu auch beiträgt, dass Formwerkzeug die weniger aufwendig ist. Dadurch, dass Wellungen der Rippen frei von Durchbrechungen sind, ergeben sich wesentlich geringere Druckverluste für das zweite Medium. Ausserdem führt dieses Merkmal zu klaren, überschaubaren Strömungsbildern des zweiten Mediums, die eine theoretische Erfassung der physikalischen Vorgänge im erfindungsgemässen Wärmeübertrager ermöglichen, so dass sein thermodynamisches Verhalten - im Gegensatz zum bekannten Wärmeübertrager - relativ leicht berechenbar ist. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteh darin dass wegen des Fehlens von Löchern in den Wellungen die Festigkeitseigenschaften des neuen Wärmeübertragers verbessert werden. Es hat sich überdies gezeigt, dass der Wärmeübertrager wegen des Fehlens der Löcher einen Wärme- übertragungskoeffizienten aufweist, der den des bekannten Wärmeübertragers weit übertrifft, was darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass die Wärmeleitung in den Blechrippen nicht durch Löcher gestört ist. Dadurch werden lokale Wärmestaus und daraus resultierende Wärmespannungen vermieden.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the corrugations of each rib are only outside an area which surrounds the associated tube and extends against the adjacent tube of the same row of tubes, and in that the corrugations are free of perforations. Because the pipe penetration area of the fins is free from corrugations, the production of the fins is significantly easier and cheaper than the continuously corrugated sheet metal fins of the known heat exchanger, which also contributes to the fact that the molding tool is less expensive. The fact that the corrugations in the ribs are free of perforations results in significantly lower pressure losses for the second medium. In addition, this feature leads to clear, manageable flow patterns of the second medium, which enable a theoretical recording of the physical processes in the heat exchanger according to the invention, so that its thermodynamic behavior - in contrast to the known heat exchanger - is relatively easy to calculate. Another advantage is that because of the lack of holes in the corrugations improve the strength properties of the new heat exchanger. It has moreover been shown that the lack of holes in the heat exchanger has a heat transfer coefficient which far exceeds that of the known heat exchanger, which is due to the fact that the heat conduction in the sheet metal fins is not disturbed by holes. This prevents local heat build-up and the resulting thermal stress.

Eine herstellungsmässig besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist im Anspruch 2 angegeben.A further development of the invention that is particularly advantageous in terms of manufacture is specified in claim 2.

Die Formgebung der Rippen nach Anspruch 5 führt zu besonders niedrigen Druckverlusten, da durch die Kröpfungen der von den Rohren durchdrungene Bereich der Rippen von einer Durchströmung des zweiten Mediums ausgenommen wird.The shape of the ribs according to claim 5 leads to particularly low pressure losses, since the offset of the area of the ribs penetrated by the tubes is prevented from flowing through the second medium.

Anspruch 6 charakterisiert eine herstellungsmässig günstige Art der Gestaltung Rippen im Bereich der Rohrdurchführungen.Claim 6 characterizes a production-friendly way of designing ribs in the area of the pipe penetrations.

Die Ausführungsform nach Anspruch 7 erreicht im wesentlichen das gleiche wie diejenige nach Anspruch 5, wobei jedoch die Gestaltung der Rippen noch einfacher ist.The embodiment according to claim 7 achieves essentially the same as that according to claim 5, but the design of the ribs is even simpler.

Die Anordnung von strömungsgünstigen Körpern nach Anspruch 8 verbessert weiter die Strömungsverhältnisse und ist dann von erheblicher Bedeutung, wenn das zweite Medium vor und/oder hinter dem Wärmeübertrager umgelenkt wird.The arrangement of aerodynamic bodies according to claim 8 further improves the flow conditions and is of considerable importance if the second medium is deflected upstream and / or downstream of the heat exchanger.

Einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden in der folgenden Beschreibung anhand der zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch einen repräsentativen Abschnitt eines Wärmeübertragers,
  • Fig. 2 schematisch eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teils des Wärmeübertragers nach Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform eines Wärmeübertragers im gleichen Massstab wie die Fig. l,
  • Fig. 4 schematisch eine Ansicht eines Kühlturmes mit in seinem unteren Bereich angeordneten erfindungsgemässen Wärmeübertragern,
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt gemäss Linie V-V in Fig. 4 durch eine Hälfte des Kühlturmes,
  • Fig. 6 im Schnitt das Detail A aus Fig. 5 und
  • Fig. 7 einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Wärmeübertragers, und zwar durch die Wellenkämme der Rippen.
Some embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows a cross section through a representative section of a heat exchanger,
  • 2 schematically shows a perspective view of part of the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a cross section through another embodiment of a heat exchanger on the same scale as FIG. 1,
  • 4 schematically shows a view of a cooling tower with heat exchangers according to the invention arranged in its lower region,
  • 5 shows a section along line VV in FIG. 4 through half of the cooling tower,
  • Fig. 6 in section the detail A from Fig. 5 and
  • Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a heat exchanger, namely through the ridges of the ribs.

Der Wärmeübertrager nach Fig. l und 2 weist viele gerade Rohre 2 auf, die in mehreren zueinander parallelen Reihen übereinander angeordnet sind und ein erstes Medium führen, z.B. Heisswasser. Die Rohre 2 sind über viele Rippen 3 miteinander verbunden,und der so gebildete Wärmeübertrager wird von einem zweiten Medium, z.B. Kühlluft (Pfeile L), in Richtung der Rohrreihen durchströmt. Die Rippen 3 bestehen aus Blech und sind zueinander parallel über die Länge der Rohre 2 verteilt angeordnet.The heat exchanger according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has many straight tubes 2, which are arranged one above the other in several parallel rows and carry a first medium, for example hot water. The tubes 2 are connected to one another via many fins 3, and a second medium, for example cooling air (arrows L), flows through the heat exchanger thus formed in the direction of the rows of tubes. The ribs 3 are made of sheet metal and are closed arranged parallel to each other distributed over the length of the tubes 2.

Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, hat jede Rippe 3 einen ungewellten Abschnitt 3' und zwei daran nach aussen anschliessende gewellte Abschnitte 3". Der Abschnitt 3' liegt im Durchdringungsbereich der Rohre 2 und ist mit den gewellten Abschnitten 3" über je eine Kröpfung 6 verbunden. Im ungewellten Bereich 3' ist für jedes Rohr 2 ein ausgehalster Kragen 7 vorgesehen, der im zusammengebauten Zustand des Wärmeübertragers jeweils ein Rohrumschliesst und über den die Rippe mit dem Rohr wärmeleitend verbunden ist, z.B. durch Schweissen.As can be seen from FIG. 2, each rib 3 has an undulated section 3 'and two corrugated sections 3 "adjoining it on the outside. The section 3' lies in the penetration area of the tubes 2 and, with the corrugated sections 3", has an offset 6 each connected. In the non-corrugated area 3 'a necked collar 7 is provided for each tube 2, which in the assembled state of the heat exchanger encloses one tube and via which the rib is connected to the tube in a heat-conducting manner, e.g. by welding.

Die welligen Abschnitte 3" jeder Rippe 3 sind so geformt, dass sich in Strömungsrichtung des zweiten Mediums Wellen mit konstanter Wellenlänge w aneinander anschliessen. Die Wellenkämme 5 der Wellen bilden eine Gerade, die in Fig. 2 von der oberen Kante der Kröpfung 6 ausgeht. Die Wellenkämme erstrecken sich ausserdem rechtwinklig zur Längsachse der Rohre. Die zwischen den Wellenkämmen 5 liegenden Wellentäler 5' der Wellen gehen ebenfalls von der oberen Kante der Kröpfungen 6 aus und verlaufen nach einem bogenförmigen Uebergang im wesentlichen parallel zu den Wellenkämmen 5. Im Vordergrund der Fig. 2 ist etwa eine Hälfte der gewellten Abschnitte 3" dargestellt. Die andere, nicht gezeigte Hälfte ist symmetrisch ausgebildet und endet an der oberen Kante der entsprechenden Kröpfung der benachbarten Rohrreihe. Alle Rippen 3 sind unter sich gleich und werden zwecks Montage des Wärmeübertragers auf die Rohre aufgesteckt und soweit zusammengeschoben, dass die Kröpfungen 6 einander berühren. Da die Höhe der Kröpfungen jeweils gleich ist, ergeben sich zwischen jeweils zwei einander benachbarten Rippen 3 in deren gewellten Abschnitten Zwischenräume 4 und zwischen den ungewellten ebenen Abschnitten 3' Zwischenräume 4'. Der Abstand zwischen den Wellungen zweier einander benachbarter Rippenabschnitte 3" ist also konstant.The wavy sections 3 "of each rib 3 are shaped such that waves with a constant wavelength w adjoin one another in the direction of flow of the second medium. The wave crests 5 of the waves form a straight line which starts in FIG. 2 from the upper edge of the crank 6. In addition, the wave troughs 5 'of the waves lying between the wave crests 5 also originate from the upper edge of the cranks 6 and, after an arcuate transition, run essentially parallel to the wave crests 5. In the foreground of FIG 2 shows approximately half of the corrugated sections 3 ″. The other half, not shown, is symmetrical and ends at the upper edge of the corresponding offset of the adjacent row of pipes. All ribs 3 are the same among themselves and are placed on the pipes for the purpose of mounting the heat exchanger and pushed together so far that the crankings 6 touch one another. Since the height of the cranks is the same in each case, there are between two adjacent ribs 3 in their corrugated ab cut spaces 4 and between the non-corrugated flat sections 3 'spaces 4'. The distance between the corrugations of two adjacent rib sections 3 "is therefore constant.

Die Rippen 3 mit den Wellen, den Kröpfungen 6 und den Kragen 7 werden in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang aus ebenen Blechstreifen mittels eines entsprechenden Formwerkzeuges hergestellt.The ribs 3 with the shafts, the crankings 6 and the collar 7 are produced in a single operation from flat sheet metal strips by means of an appropriate molding tool.

Im Betrieb des Wärmeübertragers strömt die Kühlluft in den Zwischenräumen 4 sowie 41, und das zu kühlende Heisswasser strömt quer dazu in den Rohren 2. Die Wärme verteilt sich über die Wände der Rohre 2 in die Rippen 3, in denen sie sich ohne zu stauen geradlinig ausbreitet. In den Zwischenräumen 4 zwischen den gewellten Blechabschnitten 3" gibt es wegen des Fehlens von Durchbrechungen praktisch keine Verwirbelung der Kühlluft, so dass in dieser Luftdruckverluste im wesentlichen nur durch Reibung entstehen; diese Verluste sind also sehr gering. Die sich wiederholenden Richtungsänderungen der durchströmenden Luft an den Wellen der Abschnitte 3" führen zu kleinen Druckschwankungen, die ständig einen Wiederabbau der sich bildenden Grenzschicht zur Folge haben, was einen guten Wärmeübergang in den gewellten Zwischenräumen gewährleistet.In the operation of the heat exchanger, the cooling air flows in the spaces 4 and 4 1 , and the hot water to be cooled flows in the pipes 2 transversely thereto. The heat is distributed over the walls of the pipes 2 into the fins 3, in which they accumulate without accumulation spreads out in a straight line. In the spaces 4 between the corrugated sheet metal sections 3 ″ there is practically no swirling of the cooling air due to the lack of breakthroughs, so that in this air pressure losses essentially only occur due to friction; these losses are therefore very small. The repeated changes in direction of the air flowing through occur the waves of the sections 3 "lead to small pressure fluctuations, which constantly result in the dismantling of the boundary layer which is formed, which ensures good heat transfer in the corrugated spaces.

Die von den Rohren durchdrungenen Zwischenräume 4' zwischen den ebenen Rippenabschnitten 3' sind relativ klein und verursachen insgesamt einen nur geringen Druckverlust. Die Kröpfungen 6 trennen diese Räume 4' wirksam von den gewellten Zwischenräumen 4.The spaces 4 'penetrated by the tubes between the flat rib sections 3' are relatively small and, overall, cause only a slight pressure loss. The cranks 6 effectively separate these spaces 4 'from the corrugated spaces 4.

Beim Wärmeübertrager gemäss Fig. 3 wird das zu kühlende Heisswasser in geraden, rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisenden Rohren 12 geführt, die sich innerhalb jeweils einer Reihe berühren. Infolge dieser Anordnung sind die Druckverluste in den Zwischenräumen zwischen den ebenen Rippenabschnitten 3' noch kleiner als im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 und 2. Die Form der Rohre 12 ist auch insofern vorteilhaft, dass der Abstand ihrer Längsseiten zum jeweils benachbarten gewellten Rippenabschnitt 3" kleiner ist als im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. l und 2, so dass sich bessere Wärmeübertragungsverhältnisse ergeben. Die thermodynamischen Vorteile des Wärmeübertragers nach Fig. 3 zeigen sich bei dem Vergleich dieser Figur mit Fig. 1, da beide Wärmeübertrager die gleiche Wärmeleistung haben und im gleichen Massstab gezeichnet sind; der Wärmeübertrager nach Fig. 3 ist also bedeutend kompakter.In the heat exchanger according to FIG. 3, the hot water to be cooled is opened in a straight, rectangular cross section pointing pipes 12 which touch each other within a row. As a result of this arrangement, the pressure losses in the spaces between the flat fin sections 3 'are even smaller than in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2. The shape of the tubes 12 is also advantageous in that the distance between their long sides and the respectively adjacent corrugated fin section 3 "is smaller 1 and 2, so that there are better heat transfer conditions The thermodynamic advantages of the heat exchanger according to Fig. 3 are evident when comparing this figure with Fig. 1, since both heat exchangers have the same heat output and on the same scale 3, the heat exchanger according to FIG. 3 is therefore significantly more compact.

Gemäss Fig. 4, 5 und 6 weist ein hyperbolischer Kühlturm 15 in seinen unteren Bereich einen vertikalen, ringförmigen Lufteintritt auf, während der Luftaustritt in seinem oberen Bereich horizontal und kreisförmig ist. Zweiunddreissig Wärmeübertrager 1 nach Fig. 1 und 2 sind deltaförmig um den Lufteintritt des Kühlturms herum angeordnet. In den Rohren 2 dieser Wärmeübertrager strömt zu kühlendes Heisswasser,z.B. aus einem Kraftwerk, so dass die in den Kühlturm eintretende Kühlluft erwärmt wird. Gemäss Fig. 6 weist jeder Wärmeübertrager 1 im Bereich der Zwischenräume 4' einen Anströmkörper 8 und einen Abströmkörper 9 auf. Diese das Strömungsprofil der Kühlluft (Pfeile 16) verbessernden Körper 8 und 9 sind mit ihrem Begrenzungsflächen fluchtend zu den Kröpfungen 6 angeordnet.4, 5 and 6, a hyperbolic cooling tower 15 has a vertical, ring-shaped air inlet in its lower region, while the air outlet in its upper region is horizontal and circular. Thirty-two heat exchangers 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are delta-shaped around the air inlet of the cooling tower. Hot water to be cooled flows in the tubes 2 of these heat exchangers, e.g. from a power plant, so that the cooling air entering the cooling tower is heated. 6, each heat exchanger 1 has an inflow body 8 and an outflow body 9 in the region of the intermediate spaces 4 '. These bodies 8 and 9, which improve the flow profile of the cooling air (arrows 16), are arranged with their boundary surfaces in alignment with the cranks 6.

Nach Fig. 7 weist der Wärmeübertrager vertikale, ein erstes Medium führende und in Reihen angeordnete, gerade Rohre 22 auf, von denen hier nur eines dargestellt ist. Die Rohre 22 sind mit horizontalen, ebenfalls zueinander parallelen Rippen 23 aus Blech versehen. Diese Rippen definieren Zwischenräume 24, die von einem zweiten Medium rechtwinklig zur Zeichenebene durchströmt werden. Sie weisen gewellte Abschnitte 23" und beiderseits davon ebene Abschnitte 23' auf, die ohne Kröpfung direkt ineinander übergehen. Die Wellenkämme 25 der Abschnitte 23" liegen in derselben Ebene wie die ebenen Abschnitte 23. Kragen 27 in den Abschnitten 23' umfassen jeweils ein Rohr 22 und bestimmen zugleich den Abstand zwischen benachbarten Rippen 23. Die Zwischenräume zwischen den ebenen Abschnitten 23' und ein Teil der unmittelbar daran anschliessenden Zwischenräume 24, nämlich der Uebergangsbereich von den ebenen zu den gewellten Abschnitten, sind mit Füllkörpern 26 gefüllt. Diese Füllkörper erstrecken sich - senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene gesehen - entlang der ganzen Tiefe des Wärmeübertragers. Sie können aus verschiedenen Materialien bestehen, z.B. Gummi, Kunststoff, Epoxy oder Alumi- niumguss,und je Rohrreihe ein- oder mehrteilig hergestellt sein.According to FIG. 7, the heat exchanger has vertical, straight pipes 22 which carry a first medium and are arranged in rows, only one of which is shown here represents is. The tubes 22 are provided with horizontal, likewise parallel ribs 23 made of sheet metal. These ribs define gaps 24 through which a second medium flows at right angles to the plane of the drawing. They have corrugated sections 23 "and flat sections 23 'on both sides of them, which merge directly into one another without cranking. The wave crests 25 of sections 23" lie in the same plane as the flat sections 23. Collars 27 in sections 23' each comprise a tube 22 and at the same time determine the distance between adjacent ribs 23. The spaces between the flat sections 23 'and part of the spaces 24 directly adjoining them, namely the transition area from the flat to the corrugated sections, are filled with packing elements 26. These fillers - viewed perpendicular to the plane of the drawing - extend along the entire depth of the heat exchanger. They can consist of different materials, eg rubber, plastic, epoxy or cast aluminum, and can be made in one or more parts for each row of pipes.

Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 7 weist folgende Vorteile auf:

  • - Günstige Herstellbarkeit.
  • - Das zweite Medium wird aus den von den Rohren 22 durchdrungenen Zwischenräumen vollständig ferngehalten; ebenso aus den schmalen Uebergangsbereichen zu den gewellten Abschnitten, in denen noch relativ wenig Wellenfläche für den Wärmeübergang vorhanden ist. Die Wärmeübertragung zwischen den Rippen 23 und dem zweiten Medium findet somit ausschliesslich in dem strömungsgünstigen gewellten Bereich statt.
  • - Die Füllkörper 26 erhöhen auf einfache Weise die Festigkeit des Wärmeübertragers, wobei auf eine feste Verbindung zwischen den Rohren 22 und den Kragen 27 verzichtet werden kann. ,
  • - Das oben beschriebene Strömungsbild trägt zusätzlich dazu bei, die Gefahr von Korrosionen wesentlich herabzusetzen.
The embodiment according to FIG. 7 has the following advantages:
  • - Favorable manufacturability.
  • - The second medium is completely kept away from the spaces penetrated by the tubes 22; likewise from the narrow transition areas to the corrugated sections, in which there is still relatively little corrugated surface for the heat transfer. The heat transfer between the fins 23 and the second medium thus takes place exclusively in the aerodynamic corrugated area.
  • - The filler 26 increase the strength of the heat exchanger in a simple manner, with a fixed connection between the tubes 22 and the collar 27 can be dispensed with. ,
  • - The flow pattern described above also helps to significantly reduce the risk of corrosion.

Auch beim Wärmeübertrager nach Fig. 7 ist eine Anwendung der An- und Abströmkörper 8 bzw. 9 nach Fig, 6 sehr wirksam.7, the use of the inflow and outflow bodies 8 and 9 according to FIG. 6 is also very effective.

Abweichend von den beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen kann der Abstand zwischen den Rippen beispielsweise mit der Höhenlage der einzelnen Rippen variiert werden, und die Wellenlänge w muss nicht unbedingt konstant sein. Auch die Art des Ueberganges vom ebenen zum ge- wellten Bereich kann anders gestaltet werden, indem die gewellten Abschnitte zum Beispiel an die Kröpfungen geschweisst oder angeklebt werden. Ferner müssen die Kröpfungen weder eben noch vertikal verlaufen. Die Rohre können auch horizontal oder geneigt verlaufen und müssen nicht gerade sein. Die Rippen müssen im Rohrdurchdringungsbereich auch nicht unbedingt eben sein, und die Längsachse der Rohre kann auch geneigt zu den Blechrippen angeordnet sein. Ferner kann im Schnitt quer zur Längsachse der Rohre eine andere als eine rechteckige Matrix vorgesehen sein. Ausser kreisförmigen oder rechteckigen Querschnitt können die Rohre andere Querschnittsformen aufweisen,z.B. oval oder der Querschnitt ist veränderlich entlang der Rohrlängsachse. Wegen besonderer festigkeitsmässiger und/oder wärmetechnischer Auflagen kann es innerhalb ein und desselben Wärmeübertragers möglich sein, Rohre und/oder Rippen mit verschiedener Wanddicke zu verwenden. Gegebenenfalls können die Kragen 7, 27 dicht miteinander verbunden werden,z.B. durch Löten, so dass sie die Rohre selbst bilden.In a departure from the exemplary embodiments described, the distance between the ribs can be varied, for example, with the height of the individual ribs, and the wavelength w need not necessarily be constant. Also, the type of transition from flat to undulating region may be structured differently by the corrugated sections are for example welded to the cranks or glued. In addition, the cranks do not have to be flat or vertical. The pipes can also run horizontally or inclined and do not have to be straight. The ribs do not necessarily have to be flat in the pipe penetration area, and the longitudinal axis of the pipes can also be arranged inclined to the sheet metal ribs. Furthermore, a cross-section other than a rectangular matrix can be provided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tubes. In addition to a circular or rectangular cross-section, the tubes can have other cross-sectional shapes, for example oval or the cross-section is variable along the longitudinal axis of the tube. Because of special strength and / or thermal requirements, it may be possible to use pipes and / or fins with different wall thicknesses within the same heat exchanger. If necessary, the collars 7, 27 can be tightly connected to one another, for example by soldering, so that they form the tubes themselves.

Claims (8)

1. Wärmeübertrager mit mehreren zueinander parallelen, ein erstes Medium führenden Rohren, die in mehreren zueinander parallelen Reihen angeordnet und mit über ihre Länge verteilten, quer zur Rohrachse sich erstreckenden, gewellten Rippen aus Blech versehen sind, die mit den Rohren wärmeleitend verbunden sind, wobei ein zweites Medium in den zwischen den Rippen verbleibenden Zwischenräumen strömt, dadurch] gekennzeichnet, dass die Wellungen jeder Rippe sich nur ausserhalb eines Bereiches befinden, der das zugehörige Rohr umgibt und sich gegen das benachbarte Rohr derselben Rohrreihe erstreckt,und dass die Wellungen frei von Durchbrechungen sind.1. Heat exchanger with several mutually parallel, a first medium leading tubes, which are arranged in a plurality of mutually parallel rows and are provided over their length, extending transversely to the tube axis, corrugated fins made of sheet metal, which are connected to the tubes in a heat-conducting manner, wherein a second medium flows in the spaces remaining between the fins, characterized in that the corrugations of each rib are only outside an area which surrounds the associated tube and extends against the adjacent tube of the same row of tubes, and that the corrugations are free of perforations are. 2. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wellenkämme der gewellten Abschnitte jeder Rippe sich rechtwinklig zur Längsachse der Rohre erstrecken und alle Wellenkämme jeder Rippe in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegen.2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the wave crests of the corrugated sections of each rib extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tubes and all wave crests of each rib lie in a common plane. 3. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der von Rohren durchdrungene Bereich der Rippen eben ist und rechtwinklig zur Längsachse der Rohre angeordnet ist.3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the area of the ribs penetrated by tubes is flat and is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tubes. 4. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wellenlänge der Wellungen aller Rippen konstant ist.4. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wavelength of the corrugations of all the ribs is constant. 5. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der ebene Abschnitt einerseits und die gewellten Abschnitte andererseits jeder Rippe auf verschiedenen, zueinander parallelen Ebenen liegen und über Kröpfungen miteinander verbunden sind.5. Heat exchanger according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the flat section on the one hand and the corrugated sections on the other hand each rib lie on different, mutually parallel planes and are connected to one another via crankings. 6. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den ebenen Abschnitten der Rippen Kragen ausgehalst sind, die je ein Rohr umschliessen.6. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that in the flat sections of the ribs are collars, each of which surround a tube. 7. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenräume zwischen den Rippen im Durchdringungsbereich der Rohre mit Füllkörpern ausgefüllt sind.7. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the spaces between the ribs in the penetration area of the tubes are filled with packing elements. 8. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der Anströmseite und/oder der Abströmseite des Wärmeübertragers im Durchdringungsbereich der Rohre ein strömungsgünstig profilierter Körper angeordnet ist.8. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a streamlined profiled body is arranged on the upstream and / or downstream side of the heat exchanger in the penetration area of the tubes.
EP86101327A 1985-05-15 1986-02-01 Heat transfer element comprising parallel tubes with fins Expired EP0201665B1 (en)

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CH2076/85 1985-05-15
CH2076/85A CH666538A5 (en) 1985-05-15 1985-05-15 HEAT EXCHANGER WITH SEVERAL PARALLEL TUBES AND FINS ATTACHED ON THESE.

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EP0201665A1 true EP0201665A1 (en) 1986-11-20
EP0201665B1 EP0201665B1 (en) 1989-05-24

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CH (1) CH666538A5 (en)
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FR2350167A1 (en) * 1976-05-06 1977-12-02 Chausson Usines Sa PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF HEAT EXCHANGERS OF THE TYPE WITH PIPES AND DISSIPATORS AND EXCHANGER OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS
DE2720189B1 (en) * 1977-03-23 1978-06-22 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Method for two-stage cooling of a medium circulating in a closed circuit, e.g. the condenser cooling water of a thermal power plant in a heat exchanger and surface heat exchanger to carry out the process
FR2478806A1 (en) * 1980-03-19 1981-09-25 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr Automotive IC engine radiator - has inclined spring flaps on fin forward edges hinging under wind pressure
FR2480924A1 (en) * 1980-04-22 1981-10-23 Orszagos Koolaj Gazipari HEAT EXCHANGER WITH FINS

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4789027A (en) * 1985-05-15 1988-12-06 Sulzer Brothers Limited Ribbed heat exchanger
FR2622283A1 (en) * 1987-10-21 1989-04-28 Sanyo Radiator Co Ltd
DE19644674A1 (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-04-30 Schilling Heinz Kg Finned tube heat exchanger in block design for heat transfer between gaseous, vaporous or liquid media with horizontal separating surfaces
WO2004068052A1 (en) 2003-01-31 2004-08-12 Heinz Schilling Kg Air/water heat exchanger with partial water ways
DE102011050275A1 (en) * 2011-05-11 2012-11-15 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Air-dried dry cooler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3663589D1 (en) 1989-06-29
US4789027A (en) 1988-12-06
HU195316B (en) 1988-04-28
EP0201665B1 (en) 1989-05-24
HUT41531A (en) 1987-04-28
CH666538A5 (en) 1988-07-29
JPS61265498A (en) 1986-11-25

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