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EP0286077B2 - Method of burning refuse - Google Patents

Method of burning refuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0286077B2
EP0286077B2 EP88105522A EP88105522A EP0286077B2 EP 0286077 B2 EP0286077 B2 EP 0286077B2 EP 88105522 A EP88105522 A EP 88105522A EP 88105522 A EP88105522 A EP 88105522A EP 0286077 B2 EP0286077 B2 EP 0286077B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue gas
combustion chamber
combustion
gas exhaust
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88105522A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0286077B1 (en
EP0286077A3 (en
EP0286077A2 (en
Inventor
Sedat Dipl.-Ing. Temelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AWG ABFALLWIRTSCHAFTSGESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRAENKTE
Original Assignee
Awg Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft Wuppertal mbH
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Priority claimed from DE19873712039 external-priority patent/DE3712039A1/en
Application filed by Awg Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft Wuppertal mbH filed Critical Awg Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft Wuppertal mbH
Priority to AT88105522T priority Critical patent/ATE70611T1/en
Publication of EP0286077A2 publication Critical patent/EP0286077A2/en
Publication of EP0286077A3 publication Critical patent/EP0286077A3/en
Publication of EP0286077B1 publication Critical patent/EP0286077B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion boiler, in particular for waste incineration, consisting of a combustion chamber with a combustion grate and with a garbage dispenser arranged above the combustion grate, the combustion chamber having a symmetrical throttling in its upper region opposite the fire grate and pointing in the direction of a flue gas outlet and has an air injection device for secondary air with a plurality of nozzle openings.
  • Such a combustion boiler is known from the publication "Rubbish and Waste” 7/78, pages 219 to 223 and "Industrial Fire” 38 (1986), pages 23 to 32.
  • the symmetrical constriction present in this combustion boiler is intended to trigger a strong swirling of the rising smoke gases.
  • the secondary air is supplied from the edge, at an angle to the direction of flow of the rising flue gas, in an area below the symmetrical constriction. With this training, the ascending remain in the center Smoke gases a large proportion of smoke gas strands that cannot be contacted by the secondary air. This means that there is no complete elimination of CO streaks.
  • a combustion boiler is known from US-A 4,538,529, in which the transition from the combustion chamber to the flue gas outlet is constricted by nose-shaped projections of the walls of the combustion chamber formed on opposite sides.
  • secondary air is injected, whereby the flue gases are swirled in order to mix the strands of flue gas created in the combustion chamber in the flue gas outlet and thereby prevent caking on the oblique wall surfaces of the noses.
  • the secondary air is injected using one or more nozzle bars.
  • these nozzle bars are arranged in the area of the flue gas outlet itself, or the secondary air is injected in the direction of flow of the flue gases at the transition between the combustion chamber and the flue gas outlet.
  • this causes a strong swirl within the transition between the combustion chamber and the flue gas outlet.
  • the present invention is based on the object, starting from a combustion boiler of the type described, to improve it in such a way that such Guidance and mixing of the flue gases is possible that a considerably improved degradation of the pollutants contained in the flue gases, in particular the halogenated hydrocarbons, is brought about.
  • a first solution according to the invention is defined by the features of claim 1, while a second solution is contained in claim 3.
  • the inventive design of the combustion boiler causes a flue gas build-up inside the combustion chamber, so that the residence time of the flue gases in the combustion chamber is increased.
  • This smoke gas accumulation takes place in an area of the combustion chamber where the temperature is approximately uniform from 900 ° C to 1050 ° C.
  • an effective breakdown of the halogenated hydrocarbons in the flue gas is achieved, the complete swirling of the flue gases caused by the flue gas accumulation simultaneously causing the strands of flue gas to dissolve completely before entering the afterburning zone.
  • the afterburning according to the invention brings about an additional braking of the flue gases before entering the afterburning zone. It is advantageous according to the invention if the fumes last for about 8 seconds.
  • the secondary air is preferably injected into the combustion chamber at a flow rate of approximately 60 to 90 m / s.
  • a combustion boiler 1 according to the invention in particular a waste incineration boiler, as shown in FIG. 1, consists of a combustion chamber 2, in the bottom of which a combustion grate 3 is arranged.
  • this is a roller grate that slopes downwards at an angle to the horizontal.
  • the roller grate consists of six rollers arranged one behind the other and running parallel to one another.
  • feeds 4 for supplying cold combustion air. So-called primary air, into the combustion zone 5 surrounding the grate 3.
  • the combustion air supplied via the feeds 4 is sucked out of the waste bunker by an underwind fan. This suction is carried out so that the dust load of the sucked air is as low as possible.
  • the air is preferably taken directly from the bunker wall on the boiler house side. Suitable measures ensure that the intake noises only slightly increase the sound level in the bunker.
  • the primary air intake ducts are provided with sufficiently large and easily accessible cleaning openings at the dust accumulation points.
  • In the combustion chamber 2 opens above the upper end of the combustion grate 3, seen in the direction of transport of the waste, see arrow X, a waste task 6.
  • the outlet opening 7 of the waste task 6 widens over inclined surfaces 8, 9 into the fire chamber 2.
  • the fire chamber 2 above the Combustion grate 3 consists of a lower section 2a, which is formed above the lower end of the grate in the region of an opening 10 forming the boiler outlet and the two lower rollers of the roller grate, so that this section is located approximately in the lower third of the combustion grate 3 and of one Ceiling wall 11, which runs parallel to the grate 3, is limited at the top.
  • the height of the section 2a above the combustion grate 3, i. H. above the rollers corresponds approximately to the diameter of the rollers.
  • the zone corresponds approximately to the cooling zone of the combustion slag.
  • the combustion chamber 2 widens upwards and opens into a flue gas outlet 12, the width of the flue gas outlet 12 corresponding to approximately half the length of the grate 3 and, for example, approximately 5 m in the exemplary embodiment shown, in an adaptation to it the desired combustion output of the combustion boiler 1 according to the invention.
  • the approximately horizontal connection opening 13 between the combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas outlet 12 is located directly above the mouth of the waste task 6 and forms a flow cross section that is symmetrical to the axis of the flue gas outlet.
  • the combustion chamber 2 has a rear wall 14, which extends vertically upward from the ceiling wall 11 and extends directly into the rear wall 15 of the flue gas outlet 12.
  • the front wall 16 of the flue gas extractor 12 runs parallel to its rear wall 15 and extends upwards from the end of the inclined surface 9, which adjoins the waste application 6.
  • the area of the flue gas outlet 12 directly in the flow direction of the flue gases behind the connection opening 13 has a throttle 17, which is also symmetrical to the flue gas outlet axis and, in the advantageous exemplary embodiment shown, is designed like a venturi tube.
  • This venturi tube-like zone 17 represents an afterburning chamber in which the flue gas mixture first accelerates to approx. 8 to 10 m / s and then decreases in speed to approx. 4 to 5 m / s. This results in relative movements within the flue gas flow, so that an intensive mixing of the flue gas and temperature strands takes place. This results in an improved combustion of the flue gas mixture and thus an increased breakdown of the residual pollutants contained therein, in particular the halogenated residual hydrocarbons contained therein (e.g. dioxins).
  • the smooth surface and relatively high design of the combustion chamber 2 with a preferably rectangular or square cross section above the drying and combustion zone of the combustion grate 3 without projections and noses prevents caking from occurring.
  • the configuration according to the invention enables a uniform flow of the flue gases and the formation of defined combustion zones, as a result of which the combustion behavior is improved in the sense of a uniform combustion.
  • a spraying device 18 is provided for further supply air.
  • This supply air supplied via the injection device 18 is referred to below as secondary air.
  • the injection device 18 is designed in such a way that the air jets emerging from it form a quasi gapless grille, so that no streak of flue gas can penetrate this area without coming into intensive contact with the injected secondary air.
  • This injection device 18 consists of a nozzle bar which extends transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front to the rear of the flue gas outlet 12 and is mounted in the walls.
  • nozzle bar 18 Depending on the size of the cross section of the connection opening 13, two or more spaced, parallel nozzle bars 18 can also be provided.
  • a nozzle bar 18 according to the invention consists of a pressure-resistant, heat-resistant material and preferably has an approximately square or circular cross-section, nozzle openings 19 being formed in two adjacent sides and arranged in a line arrangement in the box sides 20, 21.
  • Such a nozzle bar is known per se from DE-PS 30 38 875, but in the present invention it acts in exactly the opposite direction to the direction of action according to DE-PS 30 38 875.
  • the nozzle bar 18 is arranged such that the sides of the box having the nozzle opening 19 20, 21 run obliquely to the flue gas discharge longitudinal axis, preferably at an internal angle of 45 °, facing the combustion chamber 2.
  • the emerging air jets form a gapless grille, so that no streak of flue gas can penetrate this area without coming into intensive contact with the injected air.
  • the direction of injection of the secondary air is opposite to the direction of extraction of the flue gas, so that turbulence and a separation of the flue gases are generated in the area in front of the throttle 17, which increases the residence time of the flue gases in this area, which has a temperature level of 900 ° C to 1050 ° C has, is additionally increased and a dwell time of the flue gases in this area of approximately 8 seconds is achieved. This ensures the degradation of the halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • the secondary air can escape from the nozzle openings 19 at a speed of over 60 to 90 m / s. Furthermore, the air injection means that the combustible constituents carried in the flue gases burn out completely in the upper combustion chamber zone as a result of the intensive supply of oxygen.
  • tertiary air nozzles 22 can advantageously be arranged in the front wall in the area of the inclined surface 9 shortly before the transition to the venturi-like zone 17 and in the rear wall 14 just above the end of the ceiling wall.
  • tertiary air is blown into the flue gas stream, preferably at a speed of more than 60 m / s. This is intended to achieve thorough mixing, the depth of penetration of the air jets and the distribution of the nozzles being dimensioned such that the flue gas stream, in particular in the wall area, is completely detected.
  • These nozzles are advantageous as a supplement to the nozzle bars 18, since with them in particular the areas in the vicinity of the walls are adequately penetrated with air in order to effect complete combustion in this area as well.
  • the secondary and tertiary air systems are completely separate from the primary air system.
  • the suction takes place through separate air blowers below the boiler ceiling.
  • all intake ducts and pressure-side air ducts are dimensioned so that the flow speed of 15 m / s is not exceeded.
  • the air ducts are sufficiently stiffened and the connections of the ducts and the suspensions on parts of the building, boiler and furnace structure are designed to be elastic and structure-borne noise-reducing.
  • the total NO x content in the flue gas can be reduced with complete combustion by the invention.
  • an ammonia system 24 is connected to the secondary air system.
  • the nitrogen oxide content is as follows, 5 to 10% NO 2 and 90 to 95% NO.
  • the invention ensures a uniform penetration of the flue gas with ammonia, both in the combustion chamber and in connection with the combustion chamber in the afterburning area of the venturi-like zone.
  • the invention also makes it possible to control or regulate the supply of the secondary air and / or the ammonia supply as a function of the temperature existing in the injection zone of the secondary air, which can be measured by temperature sensors attached to the nozzle bar.
  • the temperature can be increased or decreased by increasing or reducing the secondary air values.
  • the injection device preferably consists of two nozzle bars 18, which extend transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front to the rear of the flue gas outlet 12 and are rotatably mounted in the walls by means of fixed and floating bearings.
  • the speed and direction of rotation of the nozzle bar can be steplessly controlled.
  • the flue gas generated on the roller grate 3 during combustion is mixed even more intensively, in particular by the rotating atmospheric oxygen. This preferably creates two counter-rotating fire rollers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of burning in particular refuse, and a combustion boiler (1) in particular for the refuse combustion, materials to be burned being fed into a furnace body (2) and burned on a furnace grate (3) in the furnace body (2), the resulting flue gases being drawn off from the furnace body (2) and swirled by the addition of secondary air, and post-combustion of the flue gases taking place. In this connection, the secondary air is injected into the post- combustion zone over the entire flow cross-section of the flue gases, before the entry of the flue gases, in such a manner that the flue gases are braked, i.e. retained in a uniform temperature zone of the furnace body (2) in the exhaust direction before the injection region. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Verbrennungskessel, insbesondere für die Müllverbrennung, bestehend aus einem Feuerraum mit einem Verbrennungsrost und mit einer oberhalb des Verbrennungsrostes angeordneten Müllaufgabe, wobei der Feuerraum in seinem oberen, dem Feuerrost gegenüberliegenden, in Richtung eines Rauchgasabzuges weisenden Bereich eine symmetrische Drosselung aufweist und eine Lufteindüsvorrichtung für Sekundärluft mit mehreren Düsenöffnungen besitzt.The present invention relates to a combustion boiler, in particular for waste incineration, consisting of a combustion chamber with a combustion grate and with a garbage dispenser arranged above the combustion grate, the combustion chamber having a symmetrical throttling in its upper region opposite the fire grate and pointing in the direction of a flue gas outlet and has an air injection device for secondary air with a plurality of nozzle openings.

Ein derartiger Verbrennungskessel ist aus der Veröffentlichung "Müll und Abfall" 7/78, Seite 219 bis 223 und "Industriefeuerung" 38 (1986), Seiten 23 bis 32 bekannt. Die bei diesem Verbrennungskessel vorhandene symmetrische Einschnürung soll eine starke Verwirbelung der aufsteigenden Rauchgase auslösen. Die Zufuhr der Sekundärluft erfolgt bei diesem Verbrennungskessel vom Rand, schräg zur Strömungsrichtung der aufsteigenden Rauchgases, und zwar in einem Bereich unterhalb der symmetrischen Einschnürung. Bei dieser Ausbildung verbleiben im Zentrum der aufsteigenden Rauchgase ein großer Anteil von Rauchgassträhnen, die nicht von der Sekundärluft kontaktiert werden können. Somit findet keine vollständige Beseitigung von CO-Strähnen statt. Durch die starke Wirbelbildung, die durch die symmetrische Einschnürung hervorgerufen werden soll, wird eine gleichmäßige Strömung der Rauchgase innerhalb des Rauchgasabzuges verhindert, so daß es hier zu Anbackungen an den schrägen Wandflächen kommen kann, da aufgrund der ungleichmäßigen Strömungsstruktur keine gleichmäßige, vollständige Nachverbrennung stattfinden kann.Such a combustion boiler is known from the publication "Rubbish and Waste" 7/78, pages 219 to 223 and "Industrial Fire" 38 (1986), pages 23 to 32. The symmetrical constriction present in this combustion boiler is intended to trigger a strong swirling of the rising smoke gases. In this combustion boiler, the secondary air is supplied from the edge, at an angle to the direction of flow of the rising flue gas, in an area below the symmetrical constriction. With this training, the ascending remain in the center Smoke gases a large proportion of smoke gas strands that cannot be contacted by the secondary air. This means that there is no complete elimination of CO streaks. Due to the strong vortex formation, which is to be caused by the symmetrical constriction, a uniform flow of the flue gases within the flue gas outlet is prevented, so that caking on the sloping wall surfaces can occur, since due to the uneven flow structure, no uniform, complete post-combustion can take place .

Weiterhin ist aus der US-A 4,538,529 ein Verbrennungskessel bekannt, bei dem der Übergang vom Feuerraum zum Rauchgasabzug durch nasenförmige, auf einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten ausgebildete Vorsprünge der Wandungen des Feuerraums eingeschnürt ist. Im Bereich dieser Nasen innerhalb der Nachverbrennungszone wird Sekundärluft eingedüst, wodurch die Rauchgase verwirbelt werden, um eine Durchmischung der im Feuerraum entstandenen Rauchgassträhnen im Rauchgasabzug zu erreichen und hiermit das Entstehen von Anbackungen an den schrägen Wandflächen der Nasen zu vermeiden. Die Eindüsung der Sekundärluft erfolgt mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer Düsenbalken. Diese Düsenbalken sind jedoch im Bereich des Rauchgasabzuges selbst angeordnet oder aber die Eindüsung der Sekundärluft erfolgt in Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase am Übergang zwischen dem Feuerraum und dem Rauchgasabzug. Damit wird innerhalb des Übergangs zwischen dem Feuerraum und dem Rauchgasabzug aber eine starke Verwirbelung herbeigeführt.Furthermore, a combustion boiler is known from US-A 4,538,529, in which the transition from the combustion chamber to the flue gas outlet is constricted by nose-shaped projections of the walls of the combustion chamber formed on opposite sides. In the area of these noses within the post-combustion zone, secondary air is injected, whereby the flue gases are swirled in order to mix the strands of flue gas created in the combustion chamber in the flue gas outlet and thereby prevent caking on the oblique wall surfaces of the noses. The secondary air is injected using one or more nozzle bars. However, these nozzle bars are arranged in the area of the flue gas outlet itself, or the secondary air is injected in the direction of flow of the flue gases at the transition between the combustion chamber and the flue gas outlet. However, this causes a strong swirl within the transition between the combustion chamber and the flue gas outlet.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ausgehend von einem Verbrennungskessel der eingangs beschriebenen Art, diesen derart zu verbessern, daß eine derartige Führung und Durchmischung der Rauchgase möglich ist, daß ein beträchtlich verbesserter Abbau der in den Rauchgasen enthaltenen Schadstoffe, insbesondere der halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffe bewirkt wird.The present invention is based on the object, starting from a combustion boiler of the type described, to improve it in such a way that such Guidance and mixing of the flue gases is possible that a considerably improved degradation of the pollutants contained in the flue gases, in particular the halogenated hydrocarbons, is brought about.

Eine erste erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 definiert, während eine zweite Lösung im Anspruch 3 enthalten ist.A first solution according to the invention is defined by the features of claim 1, while a second solution is contained in claim 3.

In beiden Fällen wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Verbrennungskessels innerhalb des Feuerraums ein Rauchgasstau bewirkt, so daß die Verweilzeit der Rauchgase im Feuerraum vergrößert wird. Dabei findet dieser Rauchgasstau in einem Bereich des Feuerraums statt, wo ein etwa einheitliches Temperaturniveau von 900°C bis 1050°C vorhanden ist. Hierdurch wird aber ein wirksamer Abbau der halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffe im Rauchgas erzielt, wobei durch die gleichzeitig mit dem Rauchgasstau hervorgerufene intensive Durchwirbelung der Rauchgase eine vollständige Auflösung der Rauchgassträhnen noch vor dem Eintritt in die Nachverbrennungszone bewirkt wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist es dabei wesentlich, daß sich innerhalb des Feuerraums eine einheitliche Temperaturzone ausbilden kann, da nur hierdurch, durch eine definierte Eindüsung der Sekundärluft in einen definierten Verbrennungsbereich, eine gezielte Steuerung und somit eine Optimierung herbeigeführt werden kann. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Nachverbrennung wird eine zusätzliche Abbremsung der Rauchgase vor dem Eintritt in die Nachverbrennungszone bewirkt. Dabei ist es erfindungsgemäß von Vorteil, wenn eine Verweildauer der Rauchgase von ca. 8 Sekunden erreicht wird. Hierbei wird die Sekundärluft vorzugsweise mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von ca. 60 bis 90 m/s in den Feuerraum eingedüst.In both cases, the inventive design of the combustion boiler causes a flue gas build-up inside the combustion chamber, so that the residence time of the flue gases in the combustion chamber is increased. This smoke gas accumulation takes place in an area of the combustion chamber where the temperature is approximately uniform from 900 ° C to 1050 ° C. In this way, however, an effective breakdown of the halogenated hydrocarbons in the flue gas is achieved, the complete swirling of the flue gases caused by the flue gas accumulation simultaneously causing the strands of flue gas to dissolve completely before entering the afterburning zone. According to the invention, it is essential that a uniform temperature zone can form within the combustion chamber, since this is the only way to achieve targeted control and thus optimization by means of a defined injection of the secondary air into a defined combustion area. The afterburning according to the invention brings about an additional braking of the flue gases before entering the afterburning zone. It is advantageous according to the invention if the fumes last for about 8 seconds. The secondary air is preferably injected into the combustion chamber at a flow rate of approximately 60 to 90 m / s.

Es wird eine derartig vollständige Verbrennung der Rauchgase bewirkt, daß ein umfassender Abbau der halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere der Dioxine, gewährleistet ist. Auch die in den Rauchgasen mitgeführten, brennbaren Bestandteile werden infolge der intensiven Versorgung mit Sauerstoff und der innigen Vermischung schon in der der Eindüszone vorgelagerten Feuerraumzone vollständig ausgebrannt. Dadurch wird ein wesentlicher Beitrag zur Verbesserung der PCDD- und PCDF-Emmissionen gewährleistet.Such complete combustion of the flue gases is brought about that a comprehensive decomposition of the halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular of the dioxins, is ensured. The flammable components carried in the flue gases are also completely burned out in the combustion chamber zone upstream of the injection zone due to the intensive supply of oxygen and the intimate mixing. This will make a significant contribution to improving PCDD and PCDF emissions.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen enthalten und werden anhand der in den beiliegenden Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungskessel in Prinzipdarstellung,
Fig. 2 und 3
jeweils einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungskessels.
Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are contained in the dependent claims and are explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
2 shows a cross section through a combustion boiler according to the invention in a basic illustration,
2 and 3
in each case a section through a further embodiment of a combustion boiler according to the invention.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Verbrennungskessel 1, insbesondere ein Müllverbrennungskessel, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, besteht aus einem Feuerraum 2, in dessen Boden ein Verbrennungsrost 3 angeordnet ist. Hierbei handelt es sich im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel um einen Walzenrost, der schräg zur Horizontalen nach unten geneigt verläuft. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht der Walzenrost aus sechs hintereinander angeordneten, parallel zueinander verlaufenden Walzen. Unterhalb des Verbrennungsrostes 3 befinden sich Zuführungen 4 zum Zuführen kalter Verbrennungsluft. sogenannter Primärluft, in die den Rost 3 umgebende Verbrennungszone 5. Die über die Zuführungen 4 zugeführte Verbrennungsluft wird von einem Unterwindventilator aus dem Müllbunker angesaugt. Dabei wird diese Ansaugung so durchgeführt, daß die Staubfracht der angesaugten Luft möglichst gering ist. Durch große Ansaugquerschnitte, d. h. geringe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten, wird die Luft vorzugsweise direkt an der kesselhausseitigen Bunkerwand entnommen. Durch geeignete Maßnahmen ist dabei sichergestellt, daß die Ansauggeräusche den Schallpegel im Bunker nur unwesentlich erhöhen. Die Primärluftansaugkanäle sind an den Staubanfallpunkten mit ausreichend großen und leicht zugänglichen Reinigungsöffnungen versehen. In den Feuerraum 2 mündet oberhalb des oberen Endes des Verbrennungsrostes 3, gesehen in Transportrichtung des Mülls, siehe Pfeil X, eine Müllaufgabe 6. Die Austrittsöffnung 7 der Müllaufgabe 6 erweitert sich über Schrägflächen 8, 9 in den Feuerraum 2. Der Feuerraum 2 oberhalb des Verbrennungsrostes 3 besteht aus einem unteren Abschnitt 2a, der oberhalb des unteren Endes des Rostes im Bereich einer den Kesselausgang bildenden Öffnung 10 und den beiden unteren Walzen des Walzenrostes ausgebildet ist, so daß dieser Abschnitt sich etwa im unteren Drittel des Verbrennungsrostes 3 befindet und von einer Deckenwandung 11, die parallel zum Rost 3 verläuft, nach oben begrenzt wird. Die Höhe des Abschnitts 2a oberhalb des Verbrennungsrostes 3, d. h. oberhalb der Walzen entspricht etwa dem Durchmesser der Walzen. Die Zone entspricht etwa der Abkühlzone der Verbrennungsschlacke. Im Anschluß an den Abschnitt 2a erweitert sich der Feuerraum 2 nach oben und mündet in einen Rauchgasabzug 12, wobei die Breite des Rauchgasabzuges 12 etwa der halben Länge des Rostes 3 entspricht und im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel beispielsweise ca. 5 m beträgt, und zwar in Anpassung an die gewünschte Verbrennungsleistung des erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungskessels 1. Die etwa horizontale Verbindungsöffnung 13 zwischen dem Feuerraum 2 und dem Rauchgasabzug 12 liegt unmittelbar oberhalb der Einmündung der Müllaufgabe 6 und bildet einen symmetrisch zur Achse des Rauchgasabzuges ausgebildeten Strömungsquerschnitt. Der Feuerraum 2 weist eine Rückwand 14 auf, die sich von der Deckenwandung 11 aus vertikal nach oben erstreckt und sich unmittelbar in die Rückwand 15 des Rauchgasabzuges 12 verlängert. Die Vorderwand 16 des Rauchgasabzuges 12 verläuft parallel zu dessen Rückwand 15 und erstreckt sich vom Ende der Schrägfläche 9, die sich an die Müllaufgabe 6 anschließt, nach oben. Der Bereich des Rauchgasabzuges 12 unmittelbar in Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase gesehen hinter der Verbindungsöffnung 13 weist eine Drosselung 17 auf, die ebenfalls symmetrisch zur Rauchgasabzugsachse und im dargestellten vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel venturirohrartig ausgebildet ist. Diese venturirohrartige Zone 17 stellt eine Nachbrennkammer dar, in dem das Rauchgasgemisch zunächst eine Beschleunigung auf ca. 8 bis 10 m/s erhält und dann eine Geschwindigkeitsverringerung auf etwa 4 bis 5 m/s. Hierdurch ergeben sich Relativbewegungen innerhalb des Rauchgasstromes, so daß eine intensive Mischung der Rauchgas- und Temperatursträhnen erfolgt. Dies bewirkt eine verbesserte Verbrennung des Rauchgasgemisches und damit einen erhöhten Abbau der darin enthaltenen Restschadstoffe, insbesondere der darin enthaltenen halogenierten Restkohlenwasserstoffe (z. B. Dioxine).A combustion boiler 1 according to the invention, in particular a waste incineration boiler, as shown in FIG. 1, consists of a combustion chamber 2, in the bottom of which a combustion grate 3 is arranged. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this is a roller grate that slopes downwards at an angle to the horizontal. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the roller grate consists of six rollers arranged one behind the other and running parallel to one another. Below the combustion grate 3 are feeds 4 for supplying cold combustion air. So-called primary air, into the combustion zone 5 surrounding the grate 3. The combustion air supplied via the feeds 4 is sucked out of the waste bunker by an underwind fan. This suction is carried out so that the dust load of the sucked air is as low as possible. Due to large intake cross-sections, i.e. H. low flow rates, the air is preferably taken directly from the bunker wall on the boiler house side. Suitable measures ensure that the intake noises only slightly increase the sound level in the bunker. The primary air intake ducts are provided with sufficiently large and easily accessible cleaning openings at the dust accumulation points. In the combustion chamber 2 opens above the upper end of the combustion grate 3, seen in the direction of transport of the waste, see arrow X, a waste task 6. The outlet opening 7 of the waste task 6 widens over inclined surfaces 8, 9 into the fire chamber 2. The fire chamber 2 above the Combustion grate 3 consists of a lower section 2a, which is formed above the lower end of the grate in the region of an opening 10 forming the boiler outlet and the two lower rollers of the roller grate, so that this section is located approximately in the lower third of the combustion grate 3 and of one Ceiling wall 11, which runs parallel to the grate 3, is limited at the top. The height of the section 2a above the combustion grate 3, i. H. above the rollers corresponds approximately to the diameter of the rollers. The zone corresponds approximately to the cooling zone of the combustion slag. Following section 2a, the combustion chamber 2 widens upwards and opens into a flue gas outlet 12, the width of the flue gas outlet 12 corresponding to approximately half the length of the grate 3 and, for example, approximately 5 m in the exemplary embodiment shown, in an adaptation to it the desired combustion output of the combustion boiler 1 according to the invention. The approximately horizontal connection opening 13 between the combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas outlet 12 is located directly above the mouth of the waste task 6 and forms a flow cross section that is symmetrical to the axis of the flue gas outlet. The combustion chamber 2 has a rear wall 14, which extends vertically upward from the ceiling wall 11 and extends directly into the rear wall 15 of the flue gas outlet 12. The front wall 16 of the flue gas extractor 12 runs parallel to its rear wall 15 and extends upwards from the end of the inclined surface 9, which adjoins the waste application 6. The area of the flue gas outlet 12 directly in the flow direction of the flue gases behind the connection opening 13 has a throttle 17, which is also symmetrical to the flue gas outlet axis and, in the advantageous exemplary embodiment shown, is designed like a venturi tube. This venturi tube-like zone 17 represents an afterburning chamber in which the flue gas mixture first accelerates to approx. 8 to 10 m / s and then decreases in speed to approx. 4 to 5 m / s. This results in relative movements within the flue gas flow, so that an intensive mixing of the flue gas and temperature strands takes place. This results in an improved combustion of the flue gas mixture and thus an increased breakdown of the residual pollutants contained therein, in particular the halogenated residual hydrocarbons contained therein (e.g. dioxins).

Die erfindungsgemäße glattflächige und relativ hohe Ausgestaltung des Feuerraums 2 mit einem vorzugsweise rechteckigen bzw. quadratischen Querschnitt oberhalb der Trocknungs- und Verbrennungszone des Verbrennungsrostes 3 ohne Vorsprünge und Nasen verhindert das Auftreten von Anbackungen. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung eine gleichmäßige Strömung der Rauchgase und die Ausbildung definierter Verbrennungszonen, wodurch das Verbrennungsverhalten im Sinne einer gleichmäßigen Verbrennung verbessert wird. Dies wird noch dadurch unterstützt, daß bedingt durch die am Ausgang des Feuerraums angeordnete Drosselung zunächst ein Stau erzeugt wird, der die Verweilzeit der Rauchgase im Feuerraum verlängert, wobei dies auch deshalb besonders vorteilhaft ist, da gerade im Bereich vor der Drosselung eine Temperaturzone vorhanden ist, die einen Temperaturbereich von etwa 900° C bis 1050° C aufweist, und gerade dieser Temperaturbereich für die Verbrennung der in den Rauchgasen enthaltenen halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffe maßgeblich ist.The smooth surface and relatively high design of the combustion chamber 2 with a preferably rectangular or square cross section above the drying and combustion zone of the combustion grate 3 without projections and noses prevents caking from occurring. In addition, the configuration according to the invention enables a uniform flow of the flue gases and the formation of defined combustion zones, as a result of which the combustion behavior is improved in the sense of a uniform combustion. This is further supported by the fact that due to the throttling arranged at the exit of the combustion chamber, a congestion is initially generated which prolongs the dwell time of the flue gases in the combustion chamber, which is also particularly advantageous since a temperature zone is present in the area in front of the throttling is present, which has a temperature range of about 900 ° C to 1050 ° C, and this temperature range is particularly important for the combustion of the halogenated hydrocarbons contained in the flue gases.

Weiterhin ist innerhalb der Verbindungsöffnung 13 zwischen dem Feuerraum 2 und dem Rauchgasabzug 12, d. h. vor dem Eintritt in die venturirohrartige Zone 17, eine Eindüsvorrichtung 18 für weitere Zuluft vorgesehen ist. Diese über die Eindüsvorrichtung 18 zugeführte Zuluft wird im folgenden als Sekundärluft bezeichnet. Die Eindüsvorrichtung 18 ist derart ausgestaltet, daß die aus dieser austretenden Luftstrahlen ein quasi lückloses Gitter bilden, so daß keine Rauchgassträhne diesen Bereich durchdringen kann, ohne intensiv mit der eingedüsten Sekundärluft in Berührung zu kommen. Diese Eindüsvorrichtung 18 besteht aus einem Düsenbalken, welcher sich quer zur Richtung des Rauchgasstromes von der Vorder- zur Rückseite des Rauchgasabzuges 12 erstreckt und in den Wandungen gelagert ist. Je nach Größe des Querschnitts der Verbindungsöffnung 13 können aber auch zwei oder mehr beabstandete, parallele Düsenbalken 18 vorgesehen sein. Ein derartiger erfindungsgemäßer Düsenbalken 18 besteht aus einem druckfesten, hitzebeständigen Material und weist vorzugsweise einen etwa quadratischen oder kreisförmigen Querschnitt auf, wobei in zwei benachbarten Seiten Düsenöffnungen 19 ausgebildet sind, die in Zeilenanordnung in den Kastenseiten 20, 21 angeordnet sind. Ein derartiger Düsenbalken ist an sich der DE-PS 30 38 875 bekannt, jedoch wirkt er bei der vorliegenden Erfindung gerade entgegengesetzt zu der Wirkungsrichtung gemäß der DE-PS 30 38 875. Der Düsenbalken 18 ist derart angeordnet, daß die die Düsenöffnung 19 aufweisenden Kastenseiten 20, 21 schräg zur Rauchgasabzuglängsachse, vorzugsweise unter einem Innenwinkel von 45°, dem Feuerraum 2 zugekehrt verlaufen. Infolge der zeilenartigen Anordnung der Düsenöffnungen 19 bilden die austretenden Luftstrahlen ein lückenloses Gitter, so daß keine Rauchgassträhne diesen Bereich durchdringen kann, ohne intensiv mit der eingedüsten Luft in Berührung zu kommen. Dabei ist die Eindüsrichtung der Sekundärluft der Abzugsrichtung des Rauchgases entgegengesetzt, so daß hierdurch Turbulenzen und eine Abtrennung der Rauchgase im Bereich vor der Drosselung 17 erzeugt werden, wodurch die Verweilzeit der Rauchgase in diesem Bereich, der ein Temperaturniveau von 900° C bis 1050° C aufweist, zusätzlich erhöht wird und eine Verweildauer der Rauchgase in diesem Bereich von ca. 8 Sekunden erreicht wird. Hierdurch wird der Abbau der halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffe gewährleistet. Die Sekundärluft kann aus den Düsenöffnungen 19 mit einer Geschwindigkeit von über 60 bis 90 m/s austreten. Weiterhin wird durch die Lufteindüsung bewirkt, daß die in den Rauchgasen mitgeführten brennbaren Bestandteile infolge der intensiven Versorgung mit Sauerstoff schon in der oberen Feuerraumzone vollständig ausbrennen. Die Sicherstellung des Ausbrandes bei allen Betriebszuständen innerhalb des Feuerungsleistungsdiagrammes wird durch die neuentwickelte Gestaltung des Feuerraums ebenso gewährleistet wie insbesondere auch die Verhinderung der Entstehung von halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen. Eindeutig positive Resultate bezüglich der PCDD/F-Verminderung zeigen Untersuchungen bei Erhöhung der Turbulenz und Verweilzeit der Verbrennungsgase in heißen Temperaturzonen. Nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand ist es möglich, bei den Verbrennungstemperaturen, die eine Müllfeuerung bietet, bei einer homogenen Erwärmung der Rauchgase auf 1000° C über eine Dauer von 2 Sekunden, die unerwünschten entstandenen Produkte, wie insbesondere halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, abzubauen.Furthermore, inside the connection opening 13 between the combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas outlet 12, i. H. before entering venturi tube-like zone 17, a spraying device 18 is provided for further supply air. This supply air supplied via the injection device 18 is referred to below as secondary air. The injection device 18 is designed in such a way that the air jets emerging from it form a quasi gapless grille, so that no streak of flue gas can penetrate this area without coming into intensive contact with the injected secondary air. This injection device 18 consists of a nozzle bar which extends transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front to the rear of the flue gas outlet 12 and is mounted in the walls. Depending on the size of the cross section of the connection opening 13, two or more spaced, parallel nozzle bars 18 can also be provided. Such a nozzle bar 18 according to the invention consists of a pressure-resistant, heat-resistant material and preferably has an approximately square or circular cross-section, nozzle openings 19 being formed in two adjacent sides and arranged in a line arrangement in the box sides 20, 21. Such a nozzle bar is known per se from DE-PS 30 38 875, but in the present invention it acts in exactly the opposite direction to the direction of action according to DE-PS 30 38 875. The nozzle bar 18 is arranged such that the sides of the box having the nozzle opening 19 20, 21 run obliquely to the flue gas discharge longitudinal axis, preferably at an internal angle of 45 °, facing the combustion chamber 2. As a result of the line-like arrangement of the nozzle openings 19, the emerging air jets form a gapless grille, so that no streak of flue gas can penetrate this area without coming into intensive contact with the injected air. The direction of injection of the secondary air is opposite to the direction of extraction of the flue gas, so that turbulence and a separation of the flue gases are generated in the area in front of the throttle 17, which increases the residence time of the flue gases in this area, which has a temperature level of 900 ° C to 1050 ° C has, is additionally increased and a dwell time of the flue gases in this area of approximately 8 seconds is achieved. This ensures the degradation of the halogenated hydrocarbons. The secondary air can escape from the nozzle openings 19 at a speed of over 60 to 90 m / s. Furthermore, the air injection means that the combustible constituents carried in the flue gases burn out completely in the upper combustion chamber zone as a result of the intensive supply of oxygen. Ensuring the burnout in all operating conditions within the combustion performance diagram is guaranteed by the newly developed design of the combustion chamber as well as in particular the prevention of the formation of halogenated hydrocarbons. Clearly positive results with regard to the PCDD / F reduction show studies with increased turbulence and residence time of the combustion gases in hot temperature zones. According to the current state of knowledge, it is possible to reduce the undesirable products, such as halogenated hydrocarbons in particular, at the combustion temperatures offered by refuse firing, with homogeneous heating of the flue gases to 1000 ° C over a period of 2 seconds.

Weiterhin können vorteilhafterweise, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, in der Vorderwand im Bereich der Schrägfläche 9 kurz vor dem Übergang zur venturirohrartigen Zone 17 sowie in der Rückwand 14 kurz oberhalb des Endes der Deckenwandung 11 Tertiärluftdüsen 22 angeordnet sein. Durch diese wird Tertiärluft in den Rauchgasstrom eingeblasen, und zwar mit einer Geschwindigkeit vorzugsweise von mehr als 60 m/s. Hierdurch soll eine gute Durchmischung erreicht werden, wobei die Eindringtiefe der Luftstrahlen und die Verteilung der Düsen derart bemessen sind, daß der Rauchgasstrom, insbesondere im Wandungsbereich vollständig erfaßt wird. Diese Düsen sind als Ergänzung zu den Düsenbalken 18 vorteilhaft, da mit ihnen insbesondere die Bereiche in Nähe der Wandungen hinreichend mit Luft durchdrungen werden ,um eine vollständige Verbrennung auch in diesem Bereich zu bewirken.Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, tertiary air nozzles 22 can advantageously be arranged in the front wall in the area of the inclined surface 9 shortly before the transition to the venturi-like zone 17 and in the rear wall 14 just above the end of the ceiling wall. Through this, tertiary air is blown into the flue gas stream, preferably at a speed of more than 60 m / s. This is intended to achieve thorough mixing, the depth of penetration of the air jets and the distribution of the nozzles being dimensioned such that the flue gas stream, in particular in the wall area, is completely detected. These nozzles are advantageous as a supplement to the nozzle bars 18, since with them in particular the areas in the vicinity of the walls are adequately penetrated with air in order to effect complete combustion in this area as well.

Das Sekundär- und Tertiärluftsystem sind völlig getrennt vom Primärluftsystem ausgebildet. Die Ansaugung erfolgt durch separate Luftgebläse unterhalb der Kesseldecke. Mit Rücksicht auf Geräuschentwicklung sind sämtliche Ansaugkanäle und druckseitige Luftkanäle so dimensioniert, daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von 15 m/s nicht überschritten wird. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Luftkanäle ausreichend ausgesteift sind, und die Verbindungen der Kanäle und der Aufhängungen an Gebäudeteilen, Kessel- und Feuerungsgerüst elastisch und körperschalldämmend ausgeführt sind.The secondary and tertiary air systems are completely separate from the primary air system. The suction takes place through separate air blowers below the boiler ceiling. With regard to the development of noise, all intake ducts and pressure-side air ducts are dimensioned so that the flow speed of 15 m / s is not exceeded. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the air ducts are sufficiently stiffened and the connections of the ducts and the suspensions on parts of the building, boiler and furnace structure are designed to be elastic and structure-borne noise-reducing.

Die Zufuhr von Sekundärluft und vorzugsweise auch von Tertiärluft gemäß der Erfindung ermöglicht eine Verminderung der zugeführten Primärluftmenge auf etwa η = 1 bis 1,2 (η = Luftüberschußzahl), so daß in der Verbrennungszone 5 eine unvollständige Verbrennung erfolgt und der Verbrennungsvorgang verzögert wird. Hierdurch reduziert sich die NOx-Gasbildung im Feuerraum. Die erfindungsgemäße Zufuhr der Sekundärluft mit der Vermischung im Venturirohr 17 sichert die abschlieβende vollkommene Verbrennung und die Einhaltung einer Luftüberschußzahl von ca. η = 1,5 - 1,8 im Rauchgasabzug. Somit kann durch die Erfindung der NOx-Anteil im Rauchgas insgesamt bei vollständiger Verbrennung verringert werden.The supply of secondary air and preferably also of tertiary air according to the invention enables a reduction in the quantity of primary air supplied to about η = 1 to 1.2 (η = excess air number), so that incomplete combustion takes place in combustion zone 5 and the combustion process is delayed. This reduces the NO x gas formation in the combustion chamber. The supply of secondary air according to the invention with the mixing in the venturi tube 17 ensures the final, complete combustion and the maintenance of an excess air number of approx. Η = 1.5-1.8 in the flue gas outlet. Thus, the total NO x content in the flue gas can be reduced with complete combustion by the invention.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt ist, mit dem Sekundärluftsystem eine Ammoniak-Anlage 24 verbunden ist. Hierdurch ist es erfindungsgemäß möglich, über die Düsenbalken 18 in den Bereich der Verbindungsöffnung 13 Ammoniak einzudüsen, das sich dort innig mit dem Rauchgasstrom vermischt, wobei die Eindüsung in einen Feuerraumbereich erfolgt, in dem ein effektives Temperaturniveau von ca. 1000° C herrscht. Bei diesem Temperaturniveau ist der Stickoxidanteil wie folgt, 5 bis 10 % NO2 und 90 bis 95 % NO. Indem nun gemäß der Erfindung im Bereich der Verbindungsöffnung vor dem Venturirohr 17 Ammoniak eingedüst wird, erfolgt eine selektive Reduktion der Stickoxide, so daß durch die Zugabe von Ammoniak Stickstoff und Wasser entsteht, und zwar ohne daß hierzu Katalysatoren erforderlich sind. Auch hier gewährleistet die Erfindung eine gleichmäßige Durchdringung des Rauchgases mit Ammoniak, und zwar sowohl im Feuerraum als auch im Anschluß an den Feuerraum im Nachbrennbereich der venturirohrartigen Zone. Zwar ist aus der DE-PS 24 11 672 an sich ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Stickstoffmonoxid aus sauerstoffhaltigen Verbrennungsabgasen durch selektive Reduktion mit Ammoniak bekannt, jedoch ergibt sich die Anwendbarkeit dieses Verfahrensprinzips bei der Müllverbrennung erst in Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung und dem erfindungsgemäßen Prinzip der Eindüsung des Ammoniaks mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Sekundärluftsystem, wobei eine Mischung aus Sekundärluft und Ammoniak wird.In a further embodiment of the invention, it may be expedient if, as shown in FIG. 1, an ammonia system 24 is connected to the secondary air system. This makes it possible, according to the invention, to inject ammonia via the nozzle bars 18 into the area of the connection opening 13, which there mixes intimately with the flue gas stream, the injection being carried out in a combustion chamber area in which there is an effective temperature level of approximately 1000.degree. At this temperature level, the nitrogen oxide content is as follows, 5 to 10% NO 2 and 90 to 95% NO. By injecting ammonia in front of the venturi tube 17 in accordance with the invention, there is a selective reduction of the nitrogen oxides, so that the addition of ammonia produces nitrogen and water, without the need for catalysts. Here too, the invention ensures a uniform penetration of the flue gas with ammonia, both in the combustion chamber and in connection with the combustion chamber in the afterburning area of the venturi-like zone. From DE-PS 24 11 672 a method for removing nitrogen monoxide from oxygen-containing combustion gases by selective reduction with ammonia is known per se, but the applicability of this process principle in waste incineration only arises in connection with the arrangement according to the invention and the principle according to the invention Injection of the ammonia with the secondary air system according to the invention, with a mixture of secondary air and ammonia.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht zudem eine Steuerung bzw. Regelung der Zufuhr der Sekundärluft und/oder der Ammoniakzufuhr in Abhängigkeit von der in der Eindüszone der Sekundärluft bestehenden Temperatur, die durch an den Düsenbalken angebrachte Temperaturfühler gemessen werden kann. Hierbei kann die Temperatur durch Erhöhung bzw. Reduzierung der Sekundärluftwerte erhöht bzw. verringert werden.The invention also makes it possible to control or regulate the supply of the secondary air and / or the ammonia supply as a function of the temperature existing in the injection zone of the secondary air, which can be measured by temperature sensors attached to the nozzle bar. The temperature can be increased or decreased by increasing or reducing the secondary air values.

In der dargestellten Ausführung gemäß Fig. 3 besteht die Eindüsvorrichtung aus vorzugsweise zwei Düsenbalken 18, welche sich quer zur Richtung des Rauchgasstromes von der Vorder- zur Rückseite des Rauchgasabzuges 12 erstrecken und in den Wandungen mittels Fest- und Loslager drehbar gelagert sind. Die Drehzahl und die Drehrichtung des Düsenbalkens können stufenlos geregelt gefahren werden.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the injection device preferably consists of two nozzle bars 18, which extend transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front to the rear of the flue gas outlet 12 and are rotatably mounted in the walls by means of fixed and floating bearings. The speed and direction of rotation of the nozzle bar can be steplessly controlled.

Das bei Verbrennung auf dem Walzenrost 3 entstehende Rauchgas wird insbesondere durch den rotierenden Luftsauerstoff noch intensiver durchmischt. Hierbei entstehen vorzugsweise zwei gegenläufig rotierende Feuerwalzen.The flue gas generated on the roller grate 3 during combustion is mixed even more intensively, in particular by the rotating atmospheric oxygen. This preferably creates two counter-rotating fire rollers.

Im übrigen sind gleiche Teile, wie in den Fig. 1 und 2, mit denselben Bezugsziffern versehen.Otherwise, the same parts as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are provided with the same reference numerals.

Claims (7)

  1. A combustion boiler, in particular for burning refuse, comprising a combustion chamber (2) with a grate (3) and with a refuse charger (6) disposed above the grate (3), and a flue gas exhaust (12), an approximately horizontal connection opening (13) with a cross-section of flow symmetrical with respect to the axis of the flue gas exhaust (12) being provided between the combustion chamber (2) and the flue gas exhaust (12) above the merge point of the refuse charger (6), and a Venturi tube-like zone (17) which is symmetrical with respect to the axis of the flue gas exhaust being disposed directly in the direction of flow of the flue gases, downstream of the connection opening (13), as a post-combustion chamber, and at least one nozzle bar (18) being disposed inside the connection opening (13), upstream of entry to the Venturi tube-like zone (17), such that the nozzle bar (18) extends transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front side to the rear side of the flue gas exhaust, nozzle openings (19) which point in the direction of the combustion chamber (2) being constructed in the nozzle bar (18) such that the air jets emerging therefrom upstream of inflow by the flue gases to the Venturi tube-like zone (17) are blown in in a direction opposed to the direction of flow of the flue gases, and form a more or less gap-free grating in such a manner that the flue gases are additionally decelerated to further increase the residence time of the flue gases in the combustion chamber.
  2. A combustion boiler according to Claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle bar (18) has a plurality of nozzle holes (19) arranged in a line constructed in its two adjacent box sides (20, 21) facing the combustion chamber (2) and extending obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the flue gas exhaust.
  3. A combustion boiler, in particular for burning refuse, comprising a combustion chamber (2) with a grate (3) and with a refuse charger (6) disposed above the grate (3), and a flue gas exhaust (12), an approximately horizontal connection opening (13) with a cross-section of flow symmetrical with respect to the axis of the flue gas exhaust (12) being provided between the combustion chamber (2) and the flue gas exhaust (12) above the merge point of the refuse charger (6), and a Venturi tube-like zone (17) which is symmetrical with respect to the axis of the flue gas exhaust being disposed directly in the direction of flow of the flue gases, downstream of the connection opening (13), as a post-combustion chamber, and at least one nozzle bar (18) being disposed inside the connection opening (13), upstream of entry to the Venturi tube-like zone (17), such that the nozzle bar (18) extends transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front side to the rear side of the flue gas exhaust, the nozzle bar (18) being mounted rotatably within the walls of the combustion chamber (2) and being driven by way of a drive mechanism, and a plurality of nozzle openings (19) being constructed in the nozzle bar (18) in a line such that the air jets emerging therefrom upstream of inflow by the flue gases to the Venturi tube-like zone (17) are blown in in a circular path.
  4. A combustion boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nozzle bar (18) is connected to an air supply device and an ammonia gas installation (24).
  5. A combustion boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that two nozzle bars (18) are disposed parallel to one another in such a manner that the distances between them and the respectively adjacent walls (15, 16) of the flue gas exhaust (12) are the same.
  6. A combustion boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the walls of the combustion chamber (2) are smooth and its cross-section is adapted to the cross-section of the flue gas exhaust (12), the rear wall (14) of the combustion chamber extending vertically parallel to the axis of the flue gas exhaust (12) and merging directly rectilinearly into the flue gas exhaust (12).
  7. A combustion boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that there are disposed in the combustion chamber (2) arranged in a line one behind the other tertiary air nozzles (22) which are disposed on the one hand in the front wall of the combustion chamber (2) just before the transition to the Venturi tube-like zone (17) and on the other hand in the rear wall (24) above the end of a cover wall (11) running above and parallel to the grate (3).
EP88105522A 1987-04-09 1988-04-07 Method of burning refuse Expired - Lifetime EP0286077B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88105522T ATE70611T1 (en) 1987-04-09 1988-04-07 METHOD OF BURNING WASTE.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873712039 DE3712039A1 (en) 1987-04-09 1987-04-09 Incineration boiler, in particular for incinerating wastes
DE3712039 1987-04-09
DE3716088 1987-05-14
DE19873716088 DE3716088A1 (en) 1987-04-09 1987-05-14 METHOD FOR BURNING IN PARTICULAR MUELL

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0286077A2 EP0286077A2 (en) 1988-10-12
EP0286077A3 EP0286077A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0286077B1 EP0286077B1 (en) 1991-12-18
EP0286077B2 true EP0286077B2 (en) 1996-07-31

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EP88105522A Expired - Lifetime EP0286077B2 (en) 1987-04-09 1988-04-07 Method of burning refuse

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US (2) US4940006A (en)
EP (1) EP0286077B2 (en)
JP (1) JPH0656255B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE70611T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3716088A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2005521T5 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5009173A (en) 1991-04-23
US4940006A (en) 1990-07-10
EP0286077B1 (en) 1991-12-18
EP0286077A3 (en) 1989-03-15
JPH0656255B2 (en) 1994-07-27
DE3866919D1 (en) 1992-01-30
ES2005521T3 (en) 1992-07-01
EP0286077A2 (en) 1988-10-12
JPS63282414A (en) 1988-11-18
DE3716088A1 (en) 1989-02-02
ES2005521T5 (en) 1996-10-16
ATE70611T1 (en) 1992-01-15
ES2005521A4 (en) 1989-03-16

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