EP0274586A1 - Copper alloy and its applications - Google Patents
Copper alloy and its applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0274586A1 EP0274586A1 EP87115880A EP87115880A EP0274586A1 EP 0274586 A1 EP0274586 A1 EP 0274586A1 EP 87115880 A EP87115880 A EP 87115880A EP 87115880 A EP87115880 A EP 87115880A EP 0274586 A1 EP0274586 A1 EP 0274586A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- copper
- copper alloy
- zirconium
- cold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010120 permanent mold casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the invention relates to a copper alloy consisting of 75.0 to 80.0% copper, 1.5 to 2.5% aluminum, 0.02 to 0.060% arsenic remainder copper and production-related impurities.
- a generic alloy with 70 to 85% copper, 0.5 to 6% aluminum, 0.005 to 0.5% arsenic, balance zinc is known from US Pat. No. 2,003,685. This alloy shows a high corrosion resistance. With this alloy, the arsenic counteracts dezincification.
- the known alloy is used in addition to the aluminum bronzes, the copper-nickel alloys and the so-called admiralty alloy as a material for condenser tubes and the like. It is referred to as special brass 76 or as Cu Zn 20 Al 2.
- degassing is to anneal the thermoformed workpiece for a sufficiently long time at higher temperatures (e.g. 650 ° C / 3 hours or 750 ° C / 2 hours). This method is carried out in practice, but there is a certain risk that the critical temperature range for pore chain formation is run through when heating to the annealing temperature and damage is already caused (pore chain formation with the resulting embrittlement).
- the present invention has for its object to improve the known alloy so that the disadvantages described, ie pore chain formation and resulting brittleness are avoided.
- the mechanical and technological properties such as warm plasticity, softening behavior and creep resistance, especially at temperatures between 250 ° and 450 ° C, are to be improved.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in that 0.02 to 0.20% zirconium and / or titanium is added to the alloy.
- zirconium or titanium avoids the formation of pore chains and the embrittlement associated therewith without the material being subjected to stronger preforms that weaken the formation of pore chains.
- the addition of zirconium and / or titanium is particularly advantageously between 0.05 and 0.10%.
- the alloy according to the invention can advantageously be used as a material for objects which are produced by hot and / or cold kneading, such as, for. B. plates and sheets for condenser construction or seawater-resistant pipes, in particular seamless pipes with large dimensions, d. H. thick-walled pipes or pipes of large diameter.
- DE-OS 2 604 262 discloses a process for producing a copper alloy which has a high elongation in the annealed state, in which an alloy with 2 to 4.5% aluminum 15 to 31% zinc and a grain-fine addition of 0.001 to 3% of one or more of the elements iron, chromium, zirconium or cobalt are alternately subjected to annealing and cold working.
- the processing steps prevent uneven grain growth.
- the alloy treated according to the claimed process (CDA alloy 688) is free from arsenic and therefore tends to dezincify.
- the zircon was added to the melt in the form of a copper-zircon master alloy with 30% zirconium content.
- a sample of this alloy was first pressed into a tube at 800 ° C. and a degree of deformation of 80%.
- the press tube was then cold worked on a drawing bench by 40%. After annealing at 500 ° C for one hour, the tube was cold-worked again on a drawing bench by 40% and the tube was finally annealed at 500 ° C for one hour.
- a second sample was deformed by rolling by 70% at 800 ° and then cold-rolled, the stitch reduction being 50%.
- the rolled strip was then annealed at 500 ° C for one hour.
- the determined values are compared with the values of an otherwise identical alloy without zircon.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kupferlegierung, bestehend aus 75,0 bis 80,0 % Kupfer, 1,5 bis 2,5 % Aluminium, 0,02 bis 0,060 % Arsen Rest Kupfer und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.The invention relates to a copper alloy consisting of 75.0 to 80.0% copper, 1.5 to 2.5% aluminum, 0.02 to 0.060% arsenic remainder copper and production-related impurities.
Eine gattungsgemäße Legierung mit 70 bis 85 % Kupfer, 0,5 bis 6 % Aluminium, 0,005 bis 0,5 % Arsen, Rest Zink, ist aus der US-PS 2 003 685 bekannt. Diese Legierung zeigt eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Der Arsengehalt wirkt bei dieser Legierung einer Entzinkung entgegen.A generic alloy with 70 to 85% copper, 0.5 to 6% aluminum, 0.005 to 0.5% arsenic, balance zinc is known from US Pat. No. 2,003,685. This alloy shows a high corrosion resistance. With this alloy, the arsenic counteracts dezincification.
Die bekannte Legierung wird neben den Aluminiumbronzen den Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen und der sogenannten Admiralitätslegierung eingesetzt als Werkstoff für Kondensatorrohre und dergl. und wird als Sondermessing 76 bzw. als Cu Zn 20 Al 2 bezeichnet.The known alloy is used in addition to the aluminum bronzes, the copper-nickel alloys and the so-called admiralty alloy as a material for condenser tubes and the like. It is referred to as special brass 76 or as Cu Zn 20 Al 2.
Bei niedrigen Glühtemperaturen - der kurzzeitige Durchlauf dieses Temperaturbereichs beim Aufheizen auf hohe Temperaturen ist ebenfalls ausreichend - kommt es zu einer Porenkettenbildung, welche die Ursache für eine Versprödung des Werkstoffes ist. Diese Erscheinung wird beobachtet bei einer Wärmebehandlung des warmgekneteten Werkstoffes ohne vorausgegangene Kaltverformung. Sie wird ebenfalls beobachtet bei vorausgegangener Kaltverformung des Knetgefüges. Bei einer geringen Kaltverformung (z. B. 5 bis 30 %) tritt eine Verstärkung bei einer hohen Kaltverformung (z. B. 35 bis 50 %) tritt eine Abschwächung des Effektes ein. Bei Kaltverformungen über 50 % wird eine Porenkettenbildung nicht beobachtet. Als Ursache für die Porenkettenbildung wurden hohe Wasserstoffgehalte des Gußmaterials ermittelt, die über das Ausgangsmaterial beim Erschmelzen eingebracht bzw. während des Schmelzens und Gießens aufgenommen werden.At low annealing temperatures - the brief passage through this temperature range when heating to high temperatures is also sufficient - pore chains form, which cause the embrittlement of the Material. This phenomenon is observed during heat treatment of the hot-kneaded material without previous cold working. It is also observed when the kneading structure has been cold worked beforehand. With a low cold deformation (e.g. 5 to 30%) there is an intensification with a high cold deformation (e.g. 35 to 50%) the effect is weakened. Pore chain formation is not observed with cold working over 50%. The cause of the pore chain formation was determined to be high hydrogen contents in the casting material, which were introduced via the starting material during melting or taken up during melting and casting.
Man kann daher die oben beschriebene Erscheinung unterdrücken, in dem z. B. das Gußmaterial sehr lange geglüht wird mit dem Ziel, eine Entgasung des Materials zu erreichen. Da wegen der langen Diffusionswege lange Glühzeiten erforderlich sind, ist diese Vorgehensweise nicht anwendbar bzw. unwirtschaftlich.One can therefore suppress the phenomenon described above, in which, for. B. the casting material is annealed for a very long time with the aim of achieving degassing of the material. Since long annealing times are required due to the long diffusion paths, this procedure cannot be used or is uneconomical.
Eine andere Möglichkeit der Entgasung besteht darin, das warmgeformte Werkstück bei höheren Temperaturen genügend lange zu Glühen (z. B. 650° C/ 3 Stunden bzw. 750° C/ 2 Stunden). Dieses Verfahren wird in der Praxis durchgeführt, wobei jedoch ein gewisses Risiko darin besteht, daß beim Aufheizen auf die Glühtemperatur der kritische Temperaturbereich für die Porenkettenbildung durchlaufen wird und dabei bereits eine Schädigung (Porenkettenbildung mit daraus resultierender Versprödung) verursacht wird.Another option for degassing is to anneal the thermoformed workpiece for a sufficiently long time at higher temperatures (e.g. 650 ° C / 3 hours or 750 ° C / 2 hours). This method is carried out in practice, but there is a certain risk that the critical temperature range for pore chain formation is run through when heating to the annealing temperature and damage is already caused (pore chain formation with the resulting embrittlement).
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bekannte Legierung dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die geschilderten Nachteile, d. h. Porenkettenbildung und daraus resultierende Sprödigkeit vermieden werden. Darüberhinaus sollen die mechanischen bzw. technologischen Eigenschaften wie Warmplastizität, Erweichungsverhalten sowie die Zeitstandfestigkeit insbesondere bei Temperaturen zwischen 250° und 450° C verbessert werden.The present invention has for its object to improve the known alloy so that the disadvantages described, ie pore chain formation and resulting brittleness are avoided. In addition, the mechanical and technological properties such as warm plasticity, softening behavior and creep resistance, especially at temperatures between 250 ° and 450 ° C, are to be improved.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß man der Legierung 0,02 bis 0,20 % Zirkon und/oder Titan zusetzt.This object is achieved according to the invention in that 0.02 to 0.20% zirconium and / or titanium is added to the alloy.
Durch den Zirkon- bzw. Titanzusatz zu der bekannten Kupferlegierung wird die Porenkettenbildung und die damit verbundene Versprödung vermieden, ohne daß der Werkstoff stärkeren, die Porenkettenbildung abschwächenden Vorformungen unterworfen wird. Mit besonderem Vorteil beträgt der Zirkon- und/oder Titanzusatz zwischen 0,05 und 0,10 %. Die erfindungsgemäße Legierung läßt sich vorteilhaft anwenden als Werkstoff für Gegenstände, die durch Warm- und/oder Kaltknetung hergestellt werden, wie z. B. Platten und Bleche für den Kondensatorbau bzw. seewasserbeständige Rohre insbesondere nahtlose Rohre mit großen Abmessungen, d. h. dickwandige Rohre bzw. Rohre großen Durchmessers.The addition of zirconium or titanium to the known copper alloy avoids the formation of pore chains and the embrittlement associated therewith without the material being subjected to stronger preforms that weaken the formation of pore chains. The addition of zirconium and / or titanium is particularly advantageously between 0.05 and 0.10%. The alloy according to the invention can advantageously be used as a material for objects which are produced by hot and / or cold kneading, such as, for. B. plates and sheets for condenser construction or seawater-resistant pipes, in particular seamless pipes with large dimensions, d. H. thick-walled pipes or pipes of large diameter.
Es ist zwar aus der DE-OS 1 558 697 bekannt, die Warmwalzbarkeit bleihaltiger Kupgerlegierungen dadurch zu verbessern, daß man der Kupferlegierung Zirkon in einer Menge zusetzt, die dem 0,2 bis 5-fachen des Bleigehaltes entspricht. Hinweise darauf, welche Wirkung ein Zirkonzusatz bei bleifreien Kupferlegierungen hat, sind dieser Entgegenhaltung jedoch nicht zu entnehmen.It is known from DE-OS 1 558 697 to improve the hot rolling ability of copper alloys containing lead by adding zirconium to the copper alloy in an amount which corresponds to 0.2 to 5 times the lead content. However, this document does not give any indication of the effect of a zirconium additive on lead-free copper alloys.
Aus der DE-OS 2 405 496 ist es weiterhin bekannt, einer zweiphasigen Messinglegierung zwischen 0,005 und 0,3 % Zirkon zuzusetzen, um die Warmbrüchigkeit zu vermeiden. Die dort behandelten Legierungen bestehen aus 56,5 bis 65 % Kupfer, Rest Zink, denen u. a. auch Aluminium bis zu 0,8 % zugeführt werden kann. Bei diesem Werkstoff handelt es sich um einen Gußwerkstoff, der zur Herstellung von Armaturen mittels Kokillenguß Anwendung findet.From DE-OS 2 405 496 it is also known to add between two 0.005 and 0.3% zirconium to a two-phase brass alloy in order to avoid hot brittleness. The alloys treated there consist of 56.5 to 65% copper, the rest zinc, which u. a. aluminum can also be fed up to 0.8%. This material is a cast material that is used for the manufacture of fittings using permanent mold casting.
Es ist weiterhin aus der DE-OS 2 604 262 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kupferlegierung bekannt, die im geglühten Zustand eine hohe Dehnung aufweist, bei dem eine Legierung mit 2 bis 4,5 % Aluminium 15 bis 31 % Zink sowie einem kornfeinenden Zusatz von 0,001 bis 3 % eines oder mehrerer der Elemente Eisen, Chrom, Zirkon oder Kobalt wechselweise einem Glühen und einer Kaltverformung unterworfen wird. Durch die Bearbeitungsschritte wird ein ungleichmäßiges Kornwachstum unterbunden. Die nach dem beanspruchten Verfahren behandelte Legierung (CDA-Legierung 688) ist frei von Arsen und neigt daher zur Entzinkung.Furthermore, DE-OS 2 604 262 discloses a process for producing a copper alloy which has a high elongation in the annealed state, in which an alloy with 2 to 4.5% aluminum 15 to 31% zinc and a grain-fine addition of 0.001 to 3% of one or more of the elements iron, chromium, zirconium or cobalt are alternately subjected to annealing and cold working. The processing steps prevent uneven grain growth. The alloy treated according to the claimed process (CDA alloy 688) is free from arsenic and therefore tends to dezincify.
Die Erfindung ist an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es wurde eine Legierung mit folgender Zusammensetzung erschmolzen:
Kupfer 77,6 %
Aluminium 2,1 %
Arsen 0,025 %
Zirkon 0,10 %
(bzw. Titan 0,1 %)
Zink Rest
sowie herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. An alloy with the following composition was melted:
Copper 77.6%
Aluminum 2.1%
Arsenic 0.025%
Zircon 0.10%
(or titanium 0.1%)
Zinc rest
and manufacturing-related impurities.
Das Zirkon wurde der Schmelze in Form einer Kupfer-Zirkon-Vorlegierung mit 30 % Zirkongehalt zugefügt.The zircon was added to the melt in the form of a copper-zircon master alloy with 30% zirconium content.
Eine Probe dieser Legierung wurde zunächst bei 800° C und einem Umformgrad von 80 % zu einem Rohr gepreßt. Das Preßrohr wurde dann auf einer Ziehbank um 40 % kaltverformt. Nach einem einstündigen Glühen bei 500° C wurde das Rohr nochmals auf einer Ziehbank um 40 % kaltverformt und das Rohr abschließend bei 500° C eine Stunde geglüht.A sample of this alloy was first pressed into a tube at 800 ° C. and a degree of deformation of 80%. The press tube was then cold worked on a drawing bench by 40%. After annealing at 500 ° C for one hour, the tube was cold-worked again on a drawing bench by 40% and the tube was finally annealed at 500 ° C for one hour.
Eine zweite Probe wurde bei 800° durch Walzen um 70 % verformt und daran anschließend kaltgewalzt, wobei die Stichabnahme 50 % betrug. Das gewalzte Band wurde dann einer einstündigen Glühung bei 500° C unterzogen.A second sample was deformed by rolling by 70% at 800 ° and then cold-rolled, the stitch reduction being 50%. The rolled strip was then annealed at 500 ° C for one hour.
In der Tabelle sind die ermittelten Werte den Werten einer sonst gleichen Legierung ohne Zirkon gegenübergestellt.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863638663 DE3638663A1 (en) | 1986-11-12 | 1986-11-12 | COPPER ALLOY AND THEIR USE |
| DE3638663 | 1986-11-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0274586A1 true EP0274586A1 (en) | 1988-07-20 |
Family
ID=6313794
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87115880A Withdrawn EP0274586A1 (en) | 1986-11-12 | 1987-10-29 | Copper alloy and its applications |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0274586A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3638663A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT504088B1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-11-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | BEARINGS |
| US11427891B2 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2022-08-30 | Nibco Inc. | Low silicon copper alloy piping components and articles |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2003685A (en) * | 1934-10-30 | 1935-06-04 | American Brass Co | Aluminum brass alloy |
| GB841086A (en) * | 1957-11-13 | 1960-07-13 | Ici Ltd | Copper alloys |
| GB1040884A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1966-09-01 | Yorkshire Imp Metals Ltd | Improvements in or relating to copper rich alloys |
| FR1512931A (en) * | 1966-03-01 | 1968-02-09 | Olin Mathieson | Copper-based alloys and in particular titanium |
| GB1144334A (en) * | 1966-03-18 | 1969-03-05 | Yorkshire Imp Metals Ltd | Improvements in or relating to copper nickel alloys |
| DE3031336A1 (en) * | 1980-08-20 | 1982-04-01 | Kurt Dr.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Dies | Martensitic copper alloys, esp. brasses or bronzes - where quenched metastable martensitic phase is cold worked and then heated so structural change produces alteration in dimensions |
-
1986
- 1986-11-12 DE DE19863638663 patent/DE3638663A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-10-29 EP EP87115880A patent/EP0274586A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2003685A (en) * | 1934-10-30 | 1935-06-04 | American Brass Co | Aluminum brass alloy |
| GB841086A (en) * | 1957-11-13 | 1960-07-13 | Ici Ltd | Copper alloys |
| GB1040884A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1966-09-01 | Yorkshire Imp Metals Ltd | Improvements in or relating to copper rich alloys |
| FR1512931A (en) * | 1966-03-01 | 1968-02-09 | Olin Mathieson | Copper-based alloys and in particular titanium |
| GB1144334A (en) * | 1966-03-18 | 1969-03-05 | Yorkshire Imp Metals Ltd | Improvements in or relating to copper nickel alloys |
| DE3031336A1 (en) * | 1980-08-20 | 1982-04-01 | Kurt Dr.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Dies | Martensitic copper alloys, esp. brasses or bronzes - where quenched metastable martensitic phase is cold worked and then heated so structural change produces alteration in dimensions |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT504088B1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-11-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | BEARINGS |
| US11427891B2 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2022-08-30 | Nibco Inc. | Low silicon copper alloy piping components and articles |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3638663A1 (en) | 1988-05-19 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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