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EP0274493A1 - Inhalateur medical - Google Patents

Inhalateur medical

Info

Publication number
EP0274493A1
EP0274493A1 EP87904299A EP87904299A EP0274493A1 EP 0274493 A1 EP0274493 A1 EP 0274493A1 EP 87904299 A EP87904299 A EP 87904299A EP 87904299 A EP87904299 A EP 87904299A EP 0274493 A1 EP0274493 A1 EP 0274493A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
water
temperature
breathing apparatus
face mask
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87904299A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Allan Beacham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VIROTHERM LABORATORIES Ltd
Original Assignee
VIROTHERM LABORATORIES Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB868616339A external-priority patent/GB8616339D0/en
Application filed by VIROTHERM LABORATORIES Ltd filed Critical VIROTHERM LABORATORIES Ltd
Publication of EP0274493A1 publication Critical patent/EP0274493A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A61M16/16—Devices to humidify the respiration air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
    • A61M16/0825—Joints or connectors with ball-sockets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0066—Blowers or centrifugal pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0875—Connecting tubes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to breathing apparatus for medical purposes.
  • An object of the invention is to provide breathing apparatus incorporating an efficient temperature control arrangement by which air drawn through the apparatus is supplied to the user - in a heated, moist condition at or close to the critical temperature.
  • such breathing apparatus is characterised by a water chamber, heating means for the water, means for drawing air over the water to an outlet, a face mask for the outlet, and temperature sensor means located at or adjacent said outlet adapted to control either the heating means and hence the water temperature, or the speed at which the air is drawn over the water, or both, to maintain the air at or close to a required elevated temperature.
  • the apparatus is designed to deliver air to the face mask in a volume substantially greater than that required for breathing, and the face mask is formed with vents through which excess air together with air exhaled by the user can pass to atmosphere.
  • the means for drawing air is a fan driven by an electric motor, which may be powered by the mains or a battery.
  • the heating means is either an electrical resistance, or positive temperature co-efficient (PTC) elements and is controlled by the temperature sensor, and temperature adjustment is effected via an electrical control circuit, e.g. a solid state circuit, designed to regulate the power supplied to said heating means and/or to the fan motor.
  • PTC positive temperature co-efficient
  • Figures I and 2 are half-sectional views of the first and second embodiments, respectively.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of the third embodiment.
  • Figure 4 is a part sectional rear view showing the interior of the third embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a part sectional side view of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a part sectional side view of the fourth embodiment.
  • the apparatus is free-standing and comprises a rectangular housing 1 which may be moulded from plastics material, eg ABS.
  • the housing has an air inlet opening 2 leading to an inlet chamber 3 in which a fan 4 driven by a motor 5 is located, a water chamber 6 in the lower part of the housing, and a mixing chamber 7 leading to an outlet 8 which is preferably a flexible- pipe to which a face mask 15 can be removably fitted.
  • the water chamber 6 is filled with water via a filler 9 and has an associated sight glass 10 to indicate the level of water therein.
  • An electric resistance heating element 11 is located within the water chamber 6 and power is fed thereto from the mains or a- battery, in a regulated manner, via an electric control circuit, e.g. a solid-state printed circuit 12, in response to a temperature sensor probe 13 located in the outlet 8.
  • the mixing chamber 7 is insulated, in this embodiment by a surrounding sealed cavity wall 14 which provides an air pocket, so that the temperature in the mixing chamber is substantially unaffected by external changes in temperature.
  • ambient air is drawn into the inlet chamber via the fan 4 and is guided downwardly towards the water surface, where it passes along said surface to abstract heat and water droplets therefrom, thereby to heat and humidify the air.
  • the heated, humid air then flows upwardly to collect in the mixing chamber 7 from where it is supplied, in use, to the face mask 15.
  • the temperature and, if required, the humidity of the air passing through the outlet 8 is sensed by an appropriate device, such as the temperature probe 13, and if the air is found to be outside a required range, e.g. a temperature range between 40 - 45°C, it initiates the control circuit 12 to regulate the power supplied to the heating element 11 and, if desired, to the fan motor 5 so as to adjust appropriately the temperature of the water and possibly the air flow speed.
  • a required range e.g. a temperature range between 40 - 45°C
  • the fan motor 5 is preferably encapsulated and operates at a low DC voltage.
  • the circuit board 12 is also encapsulated for safety and reliability of operation in humid conditions.
  • the apparatus can be powered from an external A.C. or D.C. voltage supply using a double isolation transformer.
  • the housing 1 is in three parts, preferably moulded from a plastics material such as ABS, and comprises a one part base 16 " , which incorporates the water chamber 6, and a two part cover 17, 18.
  • the lower cover part 17 has a shaped wall 19 which carries most of the associated equipment, including the fan 4 and motor 5, the heating element 11, and circuit board 12.
  • the motor 5 is mounted on a sloping part " of the wall 19 immediately beneath the inlet opening 2, which is formed in the top cover part 18.
  • the fan 4 is coupled to the motor beneath the wall 19 and draws air through openings in said wall and directs it across the surface of the water in chamber 6 towards the outlet 8, which is formed in the lower cover part 17.
  • the heating element 11 in this embodiment is of the electric resistance type and has an aluminium shell which is encased within a coating of PTFE to prevent oxidation of the casing and to facilitate cleaning.
  • the element is located vertically beneath the wall 19 and is mounted at its upper end within a boss 20 formed in said wall with its terminal above the latter.
  • the circuit board 12 which is preferably encapsulated for safety and reliability of operation, is mounted directly above the heating element 20 and is appropriately connected to the associated equipment, including the temperature sensor 13 located within the outlet 8.
  • the apparatus can be conveniently sited on a worktop, or floor, and the height of the face mask 15, which is designed to fit over the nose and mouth of the user, can be adjusted by one, or more, or even a telescopic extension tube 21, which is connected to the face mask via a ball joint 22 so that the mask can be pivoted and/or rotated to a comfortable position for the user.
  • the arrangement of the equipment, and in particular the heating element is such that all electrical connections are well above the fill level of the chamber 6, and indeed are separated th-erefrom by the wall 19, thereby enhancing safety.
  • a pair of supports are provided in the base part 16, one (not shown) in front of, and one 23 to the rear of, the heating element 11 as seen in the drawing. These supports ensure that the lower part of the heating element 11 is not damaged when the cover part 17 is removed and laid upon a work surface for cleaning or service.
  • at least one of the supports incorporates a water probe over its height which, by means of an electrical connection via the circuit board 12, indicates the level of water in the chamber 6.
  • the two part cover 17, 18 can be lifted clear of the base part 16 to provide ready access to the chamber 6 for filling, whilst access to the associated equipment for repair of servicing is obtained by removing the top cover part 18.
  • the apparatus is designed to produce an air speed of approximately 5 metres/sec across the water surface, and to retain the critical temperature of the air, the water is maintained substantially constant at an appropriate temperature depending upon the fill volume and ambient conditions, eg between 65 to 75°C.
  • moist air is produced at or close to the critical temperature of 43°C, which is delivered at a pressure above atmospheric to the face mask (15), in a volume of approximately 40 litres/min.
  • This volume is, of course, far in excess of tnat required by the user and, hence, vents 22 are provided in the mask so that the excess air, together with the air exhaled by the user, can vent to atmosphere.
  • the housing is in two parts comprising a base 24 and a cover 25.
  • the base 24 incorporates the water chamber 6, and most of the associated equipment including the fan 4 which is inclined to direct air towards the chamber 6, motor 5, heating element 11, and circuit board 12.
  • the cover 25 incorporates a baffle wall 26 to guide air from the fan towards and over the water surface in the chamber 6 into the mixing area 7 and outlet 8 to the face mask 15.
  • the apparatus is provided with a wedge shaped front wall to provide stability when placed upright on a worktop.
  • the user would tend to press his mouth and nose down into the face mask 15 as shown in dashed outline "x" in Figure 5.
  • the user would probably press the face mask manually against his nose and mouth and perhaps strap it in place.
  • the face mask 15 is pivotally mounted to the top of the cover 25 so that it can rotate from the position shown in solid lines in Figure 5 to the position shown chain dotted.
  • the heating element 11 comprises a number of positive temperature co-effic ⁇ ient (PTC) elements -27 spaced -across the bottom wall of the chamber 6 which are regulated to operate at a working temperature which will maintain the water at an appropriate temperature, eg approximately 80°C, depending upon the normal fill volume of water used in the chamber 6 and ambient conditions.
  • PTC positive temperature co-effic ⁇ ient
  • the fill level line " z" for the apparatus is controlled by an overflow pipe 28 which can drain into the sealed air space provided around the chamber 6 for insulation. This water can be subsequently removed via a drain plug 28a. Because of the relatively high temperature required for the heating element, safety is extremely important, and PTC elements are especially advantageous since they are inherently safe against overheating.
  • a thermal cut-out would be included in the heating element to prevent overheating. In either case a thermal cut-out could be used in the circuit board 12 for additional safety.
  • the circuit board 12 is solid state and preferably encapsulated for reliability of operation. It would be designed to include the following control features:- a) a water level sensing circuit including water sensing probes 29, b) a temperature control sub-circuit, for controlling the temperature of the heating element 11, and hence the water temperature, in dependence upon the water level sensed, and/or for adjusting the fan speed, and hence the air flow over the water surface.
  • This control circuit is preferably in the form of a proportional band, zero voltage switch for providing pulsed or continuous voltage to the heating element so as to provide accurate control and to reduce the possibility of electrical interference in use.
  • a comparator sub-circuit for comparing the output resistance from the sensor 13, which is preferably a thermistor with a basic pre-set value, this sub-circuit being connected to the temperature control sub-circuit for providing a correcting signal for finely adjusting the water temperature, or fan speed.
  • a mercury tilt switch connected so as to cut-off power to the heating element 11 if the apparatus moves beyond a predetermined angle from its upright position so as to ensure electrical safety.
  • an anti-spill cover 30 (see Figure 3) is provided for the water chamber 6 having sloping front and rear side walls 31, 32 to act as a dam to retain the water.
  • this embodiment is also of a convenient design to be portable. It comprises an elongate tubular housing 1 which, in use, s orientated to be generally upright. The housing comprises an upper end portion 33 and a lower end portion 34 of smaller dimensions, enabling it to be conveniently held by the hands of the user.
  • the motor 5 is supported centrally within the portion 34, to leave an air passage around it (as shown), above the air inlet opening 2, which is defined by the bottom of the casing 1.
  • the fan 4 is mounted above the motor near the junction between the portions
  • the water chamber 6 is supported centrally within the portion 33 to leave an air passage around it (as shown), the water chamber having a suitable heating element 11 associated therewith.
  • a face mask 15 is mounted on the top of the portion 33, which would be generally as described above with reference to the third embodiment, and the temperature sensor 13 is appropriately located therein.
  • the circuit board 17 is mounted in a convenient position, e.g. as shown.
  • the heated, moist, air delivered to the face mask 15 is in a volume far greater than body requirements and the excess air would be vented to atmosphere.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'appareil comporte un régulateur de température grâce auquel l'air aspiré à travers l'appareil est humidifié et chauffé à une température égale ou proche d'une température critique de 43°C. L'appareil comrpend une chambre d'eau (6), un élément chauffant (11) pour l'eau, un organe (de préférence un ventilateur 4) faisant circuler l'air sur l'eau jusqu'à un orifice de sortie (8), un masque facial (15) situé à la sortie, et un capteur de température (13) logé dans l'orifice de sortie est destiné à réguler soit l'élément chauffant, et par conséquent la température de l'eau, soit la vitesse à laquelle l'air circule sur l'eau, soit les deux, afin de maintenir la température de l'air à la valeur élevée requise ou à proximité de cette valeur. De préférence, l'appareil est conçu pour envoyer au masque facial (15) un volume d'air sensiblement plus important que celui nécessaire pour respirer, et le masque facial couvre le nez et la bouche de l'utilisateur et comporte des évents (23) à travers lesquels l'air excédentaire peut se disperser dans l'atmosphère, en combinaison avec l'air expiré par l'utilisateur.
EP87904299A 1986-07-04 1987-07-06 Inhalateur medical Withdrawn EP0274493A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868616339A GB8616339D0 (en) 1986-07-04 1986-07-04 Medical breathing apparatus
GB8616339 1986-07-04
GB878711861A GB8711861D0 (en) 1986-07-04 1987-05-20 Medical breathing apparatus
GB8711861 1987-05-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0274493A1 true EP0274493A1 (fr) 1988-07-20

Family

ID=26291001

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87904299A Withdrawn EP0274493A1 (fr) 1986-07-04 1987-07-06 Inhalateur medical

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0274493A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01500088A (fr)
AU (1) AU601756B2 (fr)
DK (1) DK114988A (fr)
GB (1) GB2192136B (fr)
WO (1) WO1988000068A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (23)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4805614A (en) * 1987-07-01 1989-02-21 Yahav Limited Rhinitis relief device
GB8809039D0 (en) * 1988-04-16 1988-05-18 Virotherm Lab Medical breathing apparatus
GB9503012D0 (en) * 1995-02-16 1995-04-05 Smiths Industries Plc Humidifier systems
CA2443306C (fr) 1997-06-17 2005-11-22 Fisher & Paykel Limited Systeme d'humidification respiratoire
US10130787B2 (en) 1997-06-17 2018-11-20 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Humidity controller
US20040221844A1 (en) 1997-06-17 2004-11-11 Hunt Peter John Humidity controller
US7106955B2 (en) 1999-08-23 2006-09-12 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Humidity controller
EP2345449B1 (fr) 1999-08-05 2019-05-01 ResMed R&D Germany GmbH Tube respiratoire, dispositif de connection et sa structure
CN1230221C (zh) * 1999-08-23 2005-12-07 菲舍尔和佩克尔保健有限公司 湿度控制器
AU2003903139A0 (en) 2003-06-20 2003-07-03 Resmed Limited Breathable gas apparatus with humidifier
NZ745073A (en) 2003-06-20 2018-11-30 ResMed Pty Ltd Breathable gas apparatus with humidifier
FR2856930B1 (fr) * 2003-07-04 2007-09-07 Saime Sarl Dispositif d'aide a la respiration a turbine et capteur modulaires.
US8997740B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2015-04-07 Ric Investments, Llc Humidifier with back-flow prevention valve
US8701662B2 (en) * 2005-09-27 2014-04-22 Ric Investments, Llc Humidifier with back-flow prevention valve
EP2059290B1 (fr) * 2006-08-25 2015-05-27 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Humidificateur avec élément chauffant interne et plaque chauffante
CA3200535A1 (fr) 2006-11-06 2008-05-15 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Chambre et couvercle d'humidificateur integres
NZ581141A (en) 2007-06-05 2012-08-31 Resmed Ltd Humidifier including heater having electrically conductive circuit on surface of polymer film
US8365726B2 (en) 2007-06-07 2013-02-05 Resmed Limited Tub for humidifier
GB2467268A (en) * 2007-10-30 2010-07-28 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Ltd Fan unit with bypass vent holes
CN103118733B (zh) * 2010-08-27 2015-12-09 瑞思迈有限公司 Pap系统
US9849258B2 (en) 2011-04-05 2017-12-26 Resmed Limited Respiratory breathing apparatus
LT6688B (lt) 2019-06-03 2019-12-27 Rolandas ČIČELIS Gintaro inhaliatorius
GB2579011A (en) * 2020-04-02 2020-06-03 The Centre For Maritime & Industrial Safety Tech Limited A breathing device

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FR1338422A (fr) * 1962-07-25 1963-09-27 Inhalateur
US3809374A (en) * 1969-06-11 1974-05-07 G Schossow Vaporizer-humidifier
GB1294804A (en) * 1970-07-24 1972-11-01 Shipley Co Etchant for cupreous metals
GB1294808A (en) * 1971-08-19 1972-11-01 Philips Electronic Associated Temperature-controlled gas humidifier for a medical ventilator
GB1448474A (en) * 1972-09-13 1976-09-08 Grant G C Humidification tank assembly for a medical humidifier
US4110419A (en) * 1975-04-18 1978-08-29 Respiratory Care, Inc. High-volume disposable and semi-disposable cartridge humidifier with self-contained cartridge sterilizing means, and related method
AU503578B2 (en) * 1975-09-10 1979-09-13 Grant, Graham Cameron Task humidifier for respiratory gas
CA1110964A (fr) * 1977-07-21 1981-10-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Humidificateur par evaporation
IL52690A (en) * 1977-08-09 1982-03-31 Yeda Res & Dev Apparatus for controlled heating of the nasal passages
FR2543442B1 (fr) * 1983-03-30 1985-06-28 Brunet Jean Louis Appareil de traitement medical
FR2545723B1 (fr) * 1983-05-09 1986-08-14 Fabre Sa Pierre Appareil pour le traitement des voies respiratoires
DE3327700A1 (de) * 1983-08-01 1985-02-21 Hirtz & Co, 5000 Köln Vorrichtung zum behandeln der atmungswege mit warmluft
US4621632A (en) * 1984-11-01 1986-11-11 Bear Medical Systems, Inc. Humidifier system
US4676237A (en) * 1985-01-29 1987-06-30 Boutade Worldwide Investments Nv Inhaler device
CA1245117A (fr) * 1985-08-15 1988-11-22 Nigel Verity Methode et dispositif pour engendrer un debit de vapeur chaude, plus particulierement a des fins therapeutique

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Title
See references of WO8800068A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01500088A (ja) 1989-01-19
GB2192136B (en) 1991-01-02
GB2192136A (en) 1988-01-06
WO1988000068A1 (fr) 1988-01-14
AU7647487A (en) 1988-01-29
DK114988D0 (da) 1988-03-03
AU601756B2 (en) 1990-09-20
GB8715417D0 (en) 1987-08-05
DK114988A (da) 1988-03-03

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