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EP0273441B1 - Process for discharging spoils - Google Patents

Process for discharging spoils Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0273441B1
EP0273441B1 EP87119301A EP87119301A EP0273441B1 EP 0273441 B1 EP0273441 B1 EP 0273441B1 EP 87119301 A EP87119301 A EP 87119301A EP 87119301 A EP87119301 A EP 87119301A EP 0273441 B1 EP0273441 B1 EP 0273441B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spoils
tunnel
process according
pressure
earth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87119301A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0273441A3 (en
EP0273441A2 (en
Inventor
Karl Dipl.-Ing. Schlecht
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • E21D9/13—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms using hydraulic or pneumatic conveying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing spoil during the construction of tunnels, in which the spoil produced is pumped out of the tunnel.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method with which the overburden can be removed directly in an economical manner and without changing the tunnel-like landscape even in the construction of very long tunnels, in particular in the tunneling of watercourses, inlets and the like.
  • the invention is based on the idea that when the overburden is conveyed through a bore which penetrates the tunnel wall or tunnel shell essentially radially and, if appropriate, at least one channel drilled into the earth surrounding the tunnel, only relatively short transport routes have to be overcome for the removal of the overburden .
  • thick matter pumps are advantageously used, which convey the overburden mixed with a liquid, such as water, to a pasty, pumpable paste from the point of origin under pressure to the disposal site. If the pump pressure line ends below the surface of the earth, an expanding lenticular area filled with overburden forms with increasing production.
  • the overburden must be conveyed into the ground using a pressure that corresponds at least to the earth pressure at the exit point of the channel or the pump pressure line while performing a deformation and / or displacement work.
  • the overburden channels are advantageously led horizontally out of the tunnel.
  • the spoil is conveyed into zones from which no pressure is exerted on the tunnel wall and from which the spoil cannot flow back or can easily be prevented from flowing back.
  • the canal opens into a dry rock area, because this makes it easier to drill the hole and prevents water from entering from the water above.
  • At least the first part of the channel bore adjoining the tunnel tube is lined with steel tubes. This also ensures that the hole cannot collapse when the drill inserting the channel is withdrawn. In principle, it is even possible to pump the overburden through the radial bore into the immediate vicinity of the tunnel if it is ensured that the tunnel wall is temporarily or permanently reinforced or stiffened in such a way that the overburden pressure can be absorbed.
  • the production channel can also be driven up to the bottom of the water in order to be able to promote the overburden on the bottom of the water, for example the seabed.
  • the tunnel structure 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is driven about 50 to 100 m below the bottom 2 of a body of water 3, for example under the sea floor. Tunneling is carried out with the aid of a closed tunneling machine 10, in the interior 12 of which the overburden milled by the excavation tool 14 from the face 16 of the tunnel 1 is collected and fed via a screw conveyor 20 to a mixing container 22 for intensive mixing with water.
  • the resulting granular-pasty debris reaches a high-pressure thick matter pump 24, with which it is conveyed under pressure into a pipeline 26, 28, 30.
  • the pipeline connected to the thick matter pump 24 via a scissor tube 32 is laid in a first section 26 a distance along the already completed tunnel 1.
  • this pipe section 26 which can be up to approximately 2000 m long, the pipeline is led through a bore 42 running perpendicularly through the tunnel wall 40 over a short elbow section 28, in the area of which there are two gate valves 36, 38. This is followed by a further pipe section 30 which extends through a drilling channel 46 introduced into the soil 44 near the tunnel.
  • the drilling channel 46 ends with the pipe section 30 within the soil 44, while in the case of FIG. 2 it extends to the water bottom 2.
  • the drilling channels 46 need not necessarily be perpendicular to the surface of the earth, as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for the sake of clarity. Inclined or horizontal drilling channels through the soil 44 are also possible. Such a drilling direction is preferably selected in which dry rock layers can be found in the area as close as possible to the tunnel, which are suitable for absorbing the debris mass without the risk of water ingress.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Abraum beim Bau von Tunneln, bei welchem der anfallende Abraum aus dem Tunnel heraus abgepumpt wird.The invention relates to a method for removing spoil during the construction of tunnels, in which the spoil produced is pumped out of the tunnel.

Die Beseitigung des Abraums mittels Fahrzeugen hat sich wegen des zeitraubenden Beladens von Fördergeräten und der damit verbundenen Gefahr der Staubentwicklung in vielen Fällen als nachteilig erwiesen. Besondere Schwierigkeiten bereitet die Schotterung, wenn der Abraum nicht auf einer im wesentlichen waagerechten Sohle weggefahren werden kann.The removal of the overburden by means of vehicles has proven to be disadvantageous in many cases because of the time-consuming loading of conveyor devices and the associated risk of dust generation. The gravel poses particular difficulties if the overburden cannot be driven away on an essentially horizontal base.

Es ist daher bereits vorgeschlagen worden, den beim Tunnelbau anfallenden Abraum mit Hilfe einer Pumpe aus dem Tunnel herauszufördern (DE-A- 31 25 644). Der Abtransport des Abraums im Pumpverfahren kann andererseits aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen nicht über beliebig lange Strecken erfolgen. Abgesehen davon muß auch dort der außerhalb des Tunnels zunächst auf Halden geschüttete Abraum auf Kraftfahrzeuge verladen und abtransportiert werden.It has therefore already been proposed to remove the overburden accumulated during tunnel construction with the aid of a pump (DE-A-31 25 644). On the other hand, the removal of the overburden in the pumping process cannot be carried out over arbitrarily long distances for economic reasons. Apart from that, the overburden that was initially dumped on the heap must be loaded onto motor vehicles and transported away.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu entwickeln, mit welchem auch beim Bau sehr langer Tunnel, insbesondere bei der Untertunnelung von Wasserläufen, Meeresarmen und dergleichen, der Abraum auf wirtschaftliche Weise und ohne Veränderung der tunnelnahen Landschaft unmittelbar beseitigt werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method with which the overburden can be removed directly in an economical manner and without changing the tunnel-like landscape even in the construction of very long tunnels, in particular in the tunneling of watercourses, inlets and the like.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe werden die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale vorgeschlagen. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgedankens ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.To achieve this object, the features specified in claim 1 are proposed. Further advantageous refinements and developments of the inventive concept result from the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung geht von dem Gedanken aus, daß bei einer Förderung des Abraums durch eine die Tunnelwand bzw. Tunnelschale im wesentlichen radial durchdringende Bohrung und gegebenenfalls mindestens einen in das den Tunnel umgebende Erdreich gebohrten Kanal nur relativ kurze Transportstrecken für die Beseitigung des Abraums überwunden werden müssen. Hierfür werden vorteilhafterweise Dickstoffpumpen eingesetzt, die den mit einer Flüssigkeit, wie Wasser, zu einem pastösen, pumpfähigen Brei vermischten Abraum vom Entstehungsort aus unter Druck zur Beseitigungsstelle fördern. Endet die Pumpdruckleitung unter der Erdoberfläche, so bildet sich bei zunehmender Förderung ein sich erweiternder, mit Abraum gefüllter linsenförmiger Bereich. Der Abraum muß hierbei unter Aufwendung eines mindestens dem Erddruck an der Austrittsstelle des Kanals bzw. der Pumpdruckleitung entsprechenden Druck unter Ausübung einer Verformungs- und/oder Verdrängungsarbeit in das Erdreich gefördert werden.The invention is based on the idea that when the overburden is conveyed through a bore which penetrates the tunnel wall or tunnel shell essentially radially and, if appropriate, at least one channel drilled into the earth surrounding the tunnel, only relatively short transport routes have to be overcome for the removal of the overburden . For this purpose, thick matter pumps are advantageously used, which convey the overburden mixed with a liquid, such as water, to a pasty, pumpable paste from the point of origin under pressure to the disposal site. If the pump pressure line ends below the surface of the earth, an expanding lenticular area filled with overburden forms with increasing production. The overburden must be conveyed into the ground using a pressure that corresponds at least to the earth pressure at the exit point of the channel or the pump pressure line while performing a deformation and / or displacement work.

Erfahrungsgemäß genügt es, bei unter der Erdoberfläche ausmündenden Abraumkanälen zunächst einen im wesentlichen dem Erddruck entsprechenden Flüssigkeitsdruck auszuüben, um Spalte und Hohlräume zu schaffen, in die anschließend der Abraum unter weiterer Verformung und Anhebung des Erdreichs unter Druck nachgefördert werden kann.Experience has shown that it is sufficient to start with one of the overburden channels that open below the surface of the earth to exert liquid pressure corresponding to earth pressure in order to create gaps and cavities into which the overburden can then be conveyed under pressure, with further deformation and raising of the soil.

Bei Tunneln, deren Decke nur wenig unterhalb eines Gewässers verläuft, werden die Abraumkanäle vorteilhafterweise horizontal aus dem Tunnel herausgeführt. Auf diese Weise wird der Abraum in Zonen gefördert, von denen kein Druck auf die Tunnelwandung ausgeübt wird und aus denen der Abraum auch nicht zurückfließen kann bzw. ein Zurückfließen leicht verhindert werden kann. Zweckmäßig mündet der Kanal in einen trockenen Gesteinsbereich, weil dadurch das Einbringen der Bohrung erleichtert und ein Wassereinbruch vom darüberliegenden Gewässer vermieden wird.In tunnels, the ceiling of which runs just below a body of water, the overburden channels are advantageously led horizontally out of the tunnel. In this way, the spoil is conveyed into zones from which no pressure is exerted on the tunnel wall and from which the spoil cannot flow back or can easily be prevented from flowing back. Appropriately, the canal opens into a dry rock area, because this makes it easier to drill the hole and prevents water from entering from the water above.

Um zu vermeiden, daß der Abraumdruck auf die neu gebaute Tunnelröhre einwirkt und diese evtl. zerdrückt, wird gemäß der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß wenigstens der erste, an die Tunnelröhre anschließende Teil der Kanalbohrung mit Stahlrohren ausgekleidet wird. Außerdem wird hierdurch erreicht, daß die Bohrung beim Zurückziehen des den Kanal einbringenden Bohrers nicht zusammenstürzen kann. Grundsätzlich ist es sogar möglich, den Abraum durch die radiale Bohrung hindurch in die unmittelbare Umgebung des Tunnels zu pumpen, wenn dafür gesorgt wird, daß die Tunnelwand zeitweilig oder dauerhaft so verstärkt oder versteift wird, daß der Abraumdruck aufgenommen werden kann.In order to avoid the overburden pressure acting on the newly built tunnel tube and possibly crushing it, it is proposed according to the invention that at least the first part of the channel bore adjoining the tunnel tube is lined with steel tubes. This also ensures that the hole cannot collapse when the drill inserting the channel is withdrawn. In principle, it is even possible to pump the overburden through the radial bore into the immediate vicinity of the tunnel if it is ensured that the tunnel wall is temporarily or permanently reinforced or stiffened in such a way that the overburden pressure can be absorbed.

Bei Unterwassertunneln kann der Förderkanal auch bis zum Gewässergrund hochgetrieben werden, um den Abraum auf den Gewässergrund, beispielsweise den Meeresgrund, fördern zu können. Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, den Abraum auch durch ein bis an die Oberfläche eines oberhalb des Tunnels befindlichen Gewässers erstreckendes Rohr zu fördern, über das der Abraum in Wasserfahrzeuge verladen und mit diesen abtransportiert werden kann.In the case of underwater tunnels, the production channel can also be driven up to the bottom of the water in order to be able to promote the overburden on the bottom of the water, for example the seabed. In principle, it is also possible to convey the overburden through a pipe that extends to the surface of a body of water located above the tunnel, via which the overburden can be loaded into watercraft and transported away with it.

Im folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausfuhrungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch ein Unterwasser-Tunnelbauwerk mit Abraumbeseitigung ins Erdreich;
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch ein Unterwasser-Tunnelbauwerk mit Abraumbeseitigung auf den Gewässergrund.
The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it
  • 1 shows a section through an underwater tunnel structure with removal of overburden into the ground.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section through an underwater tunnel structure with removal of overburden on the water bed.

Das in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Tunnelbauwerk 1 wird etwa 50 bis 100 m unter dem Grund 2 eines Gewässers 3, beispielsweise unter dem Meeresboden, vorgetrieben. Der Tunnelvortrieb erfolgt mit Hilfe einer geschlossenen Tunnelvortriebsmaschine 10, in deren Innenraum 12 der durch das Abbauwerkzeug 14 von der Ortsbrust 16 des Tunnels 1 abgefräste Abraum aufgefangen und über eine Förderschnecke 20 einem Mischbehälter 22 zur intensiven Durchmischung mit Wasser zugeleitet wird. Die dabei entstehende körnig-pastöse Abraummasse gelangt zu einer Hochdruck-Dickstoffpumpe 24, mit der sie unter Druck in eine Rohrleitung 26, 28, 30 gefördert wird. Die über ein Scherenrohr 32 an die Dickstoffpumpe 24 angeschlossene Rohrleitung ist in einem ersten Abschnitt 26 ein Stück weit längs des bereits fertiggestellten Tunnels 1 verlegt. Am Ende dieses Rohrabschnitts 26, der bis zu etwa 2000 m lang sein kann, ist die Rohrleitung über eine kurze Krümmerstrecke 28, in deren Bereich sich zwei Absperrschieber 36, 38 befinden, durch eine senkrecht durch die Tunnelwand 40 verlaufende Bohrung 42 hindurchgeführt. Dort schließt sich ein weiterer Rohrleitungsabschnitt 30 an, der durch einen in das tunnelnahe Erdreich 44 eingebrachten Bohrkanal 46 hindurchgreift.The tunnel structure 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is driven about 50 to 100 m below the bottom 2 of a body of water 3, for example under the sea floor. Tunneling is carried out with the aid of a closed tunneling machine 10, in the interior 12 of which the overburden milled by the excavation tool 14 from the face 16 of the tunnel 1 is collected and fed via a screw conveyor 20 to a mixing container 22 for intensive mixing with water. The resulting granular-pasty debris reaches a high-pressure thick matter pump 24, with which it is conveyed under pressure into a pipeline 26, 28, 30. The pipeline connected to the thick matter pump 24 via a scissor tube 32 is laid in a first section 26 a distance along the already completed tunnel 1. At the end of this pipe section 26, which can be up to approximately 2000 m long, the pipeline is led through a bore 42 running perpendicularly through the tunnel wall 40 over a short elbow section 28, in the area of which there are two gate valves 36, 38. This is followed by a further pipe section 30 which extends through a drilling channel 46 introduced into the soil 44 near the tunnel.

Im Falle des in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels endet der Bohrkanal 46 mit dem Rohrleitungsabschnitt 30 innerhalb des Erdreichs 44, während er im Falle der Fig. 2 bis zum Gewässergrund 2 reicht.In the case of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the drilling channel 46 ends with the pipe section 30 within the soil 44, while in the case of FIG. 2 it extends to the water bottom 2.

Wird nun die pastöse Abraummasse unter einem Druck von etwa 50 bis 80 bar durch die Rohrleitung 26,28,30 gepumpt, so bildet sich bei der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Methode ein allmählich größer werdender, mit Abraummasse gefüllter linsenförmiger Raum 48 im Erdreich 44, während die darüber befindlichen Erdmassen 50 entsprechend angehoben werden. Im Falle der Methode nach Fig. 2 breitet sich die Abraummasse unter Bildung eines kraterförmigen Abraumhügels 52 auf dem Gewässergrund 2 rund um die Austrittsstelle 54 des Rohrleitungsabschnitts 30 aus. Bei einem längeren Tunnel 1 werden im Zuge des Tunnelvortriebs je nach den Bedingungen im umgebenden Erdreich 44 in Abständen von etwa 500 bis 2000 m weitere Bohrkanäle 46 für die Abraumbeseitigung senkrecht durch die Tunnelwand 40 ins Erdreich 44 eingebracht. Nach Beendigung der Abraumbeseitigung werden die Bohrkanäle 46 und die darin befindlichen Rohrleitungsabschnitte 30 sowie die Bohrungen 42 in der Tunnelwand 40 dauerhaft mit Zement oder Beton verschlossen.If the pasty waste mass is pumped through the pipeline 26, 28, 30 at a pressure of approximately 50 to 80 bar, a gradually increasing lenticular space 48 in the ground 44 filled with waste mass is formed in the method shown in FIG. 1. while the earth masses 50 above are raised accordingly. In the case of the method according to FIG. 2, the waste mass spreads out around the exit point 54 of the pipeline section 30 to form a crater-shaped overburden hill 52 on the body of water 2. In the case of a longer tunnel 1, depending on the conditions in the surrounding soil 44, additional drilling channels 46 are introduced vertically through the tunnel wall 40 into the soil 44 at intervals of about 500 to 2000 m for removing spoil. After the overburden removal has been completed, the drilling channels 46 and the pipeline sections 30 therein and the bores 42 in the tunnel wall 40 are permanently closed with cement or concrete.

Die Bohrkanäle 46 müssen nicht unbedingt senkrecht zur Erdoberfläche weisen, wie dies in den Figuren 1 und 2 der Übersichtlichkeit halber dargestellt ist. Auch schräge oder horizontale Bohrkanäle durch das Erdreich 44 sind möglich. Bevorzugt wird eine solche Bohrrichtung ausgewählt, in der in möglichst tunnelnahem Bereich trockene Gesteinsschichten zu finden sind, die sich zur Aufnahme der Abraummasse ohne die Gefahr eines Wassereinbruchs eignen.The drilling channels 46 need not necessarily be perpendicular to the surface of the earth, as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for the sake of clarity. Inclined or horizontal drilling channels through the soil 44 are also possible. Such a drilling direction is preferably selected in which dry rock layers can be found in the area as close as possible to the tunnel, which are suitable for absorbing the debris mass without the risk of water ingress.

Claims (12)

1. Process for discharging spoils during a tunnel construction in which the accumulating spoils are pumped out, characterised in that a pressure-tight bore is taken through a previously completed piece of tunnel wall or through the tunnel shell, and that the spoils is discharged under pressure from the tunnel through this bore.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the spoils is turned into a paste-like substance in the suction area of a pump by the addition of a liquid, in particular water.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the spoils are removed via at least one channel which has been bored from the tunnel bore into the adjacent earth.
4. Process according to claim 3, characterised in that the spoils is pumped through at least one pipe, which has been laid in the channel and which is preferred to be of steel.
5. Process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the spoils is conveyed via a substantially vertical channel into a water course above the tunnel, for example onto the bottom of the sea.
6. Process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the spoils is conveyed through a pipe which extends up to the surface of a water course above the tunnel.
7. Process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the spoils is conveyed into a preferably dry stony area located below the earth's surface.
8. Process according to claim 7, characterised in that the channel, which is intended for conveying of spoils, is bored substantially horizontally from the tunnel into the stony area.
9. Process according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the spoils is conveyed into the stony area under a pressure which corresponds at least to the earth pressure at the exit location of the channel and whilst performing a deforming and/or displacement process.
10. Process according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that a liquid, preferably water, is pumped at a pressure above that of the earth into the stony area whilst performing a deforming and/or displacement process, and that the spoils is subsequently conveyed thereto.
11. Process according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterised in that a pocket, which is filled with spoils, is formed in the earth under the effect of the spoils pressure.
12. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the spoils is pumped through the radial bore in the tunnel wall into the immediate vicinity of the tunnel, and that the tunnel wall is temporarily and permanently reinforced or stiffened on the inside in the respective area for receiving the spoils pressure.
EP87119301A 1986-12-31 1987-12-29 Process for discharging spoils Expired - Lifetime EP0273441B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863644818 DE3644818A1 (en) 1986-12-31 1986-12-31 METHOD FOR ELIMINATING SPACE
DE3644818 1986-12-31

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0273441A2 EP0273441A2 (en) 1988-07-06
EP0273441A3 EP0273441A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0273441B1 true EP0273441B1 (en) 1991-06-05

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EP87119301A Expired - Lifetime EP0273441B1 (en) 1986-12-31 1987-12-29 Process for discharging spoils

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US (1) US4900191A (en)
EP (1) EP0273441B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63176595A (en)
DE (2) DE3644818A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0130668D0 (en) * 2001-12-21 2002-02-06 Mmd Design & Consult Apparatus and process for mining of minerals
US7013937B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2006-03-21 Mmd Design And Consultancy Apparatus and process for mining of minerals
CN1307348C (en) * 2004-03-15 2007-03-28 中国第二十冶金建设公司 Construction method for underground structure through half reverse course of action of inverting connection

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2233872A (en) * 1936-07-27 1941-03-04 California Talc Company Means and method for solidifying underground structures
GB1083322A (en) * 1964-03-21 1967-09-13 Mott Hay & Anderson Improvements in or relating to tunnelling apparatus and methods of tunnelling
US3386251A (en) * 1966-05-23 1968-06-04 Griffin Wellpoint Corp Method of strengthening and stabilizing compressible soils
US3616855A (en) * 1970-07-23 1971-11-02 New Mexico Tech Res Found Method of bulking or caving a volume of subsurface material
US4072018A (en) * 1975-04-30 1978-02-07 Alvarez Calderon Alberto Tunnel support structure and method
US4101333A (en) * 1976-08-19 1978-07-18 Joy Manufacturing Company Method of mine backfilling and material therefor
DE2644319A1 (en) * 1976-10-01 1978-04-06 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Tunnelling machine with spoil remover - having crusher delivering material to mixer which forms pumpable slurry
US4370077A (en) * 1980-08-04 1983-01-25 Colgate Stirling A Method of pressurizing and stabilizing rock by periodic and repeated injections of a settable fluid of finite gel strength
DE3125644A1 (en) * 1981-06-30 1983-01-13 Wayss & Freytag Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Method of driving a tunnel with the use of a shield with liquid-filled working chamber
GB2117817B (en) * 1982-03-23 1985-11-13 Frank P Davidson Improved tunnelling method
US4666346A (en) * 1986-03-24 1987-05-19 Hanna-Beric Systems, Inc. Rotatable fill pipe with collapsible backfill elbow and method of employing same to blind-fill underground voids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0273441A3 (en) 1989-03-15
US4900191A (en) 1990-02-13
DE3770602D1 (en) 1991-07-11
EP0273441A2 (en) 1988-07-06
JPS63176595A (en) 1988-07-20
DE3644818A1 (en) 1988-07-14

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