EP0256329A1 - Enroulement basse tension pour transformateurs de distribution refroidis par air et isolés par une résine - Google Patents
Enroulement basse tension pour transformateurs de distribution refroidis par air et isolés par une résine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0256329A1 EP0256329A1 EP87110494A EP87110494A EP0256329A1 EP 0256329 A1 EP0256329 A1 EP 0256329A1 EP 87110494 A EP87110494 A EP 87110494A EP 87110494 A EP87110494 A EP 87110494A EP 0256329 A1 EP0256329 A1 EP 0256329A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- resin ring
- undervoltage
- cast resin
- cast
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000015943 Coeliac disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/2847—Sheets; Strips
- H01F27/2852—Construction of conductive connections, of leads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/002—Arrangements provided on the transformer facilitating its transport
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
- H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
Definitions
- the invention relates to an undervoltage winding for air-cooled cast-resin-insulated distribution transformers.
- a sheet metal strip serving as a winding conductor having a width equal to the axial winding length being wound spirally with intermediate layers of plastic film or resin-impregnated fabric which protrude on all sides, wherein a cast resin ring is cast onto the end faces of the roll formed in this way and whereby over the full width of the metal strip welded to this rejects from conductor rails with a rectangular cross section are glued with their broad side to the winding.
- undervoltage windings are provided, for example, in winding arrangements of air-cooled transformers according to DE-OS 22 46 235.
- the sprues on the annular end faces of the undervoltage windings serve to seal them against moisture and electrically. So far, peroxidically curing unsaturated polyester resins have usually been used for this.
- conductor rails serve as the rejection of the windings, which usually use pre-impregnated strips for heating action of the undervoltage winding already carrying the cast resin rings are glued to the winding body.
- This glue point not only has to perform simple holding functions during assembly and operation, but also has to withstand the more or less often occurring short-circuit forces.
- Short-circuit currents cause forces for the undervoltage winding, which is usually arranged on the inside, which act in the direction of the iron core. In particular, these forces also load current-carrying conductor rails arranged within the winding tube. As the rated power of the distribution transformers increases, the distance between the force caused by a short circuit and the maximum holding force that can be achieved by the adhesive connection becomes smaller and smaller. As a result, the executable nominal power is undesirably limited.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the fastening of the conductor rails of the leads of the undervoltage windings in distribution transformers in such a way that the holding force of the conductor rails can be carried out with a sufficiently large level even with larger nominal powers.
- the armature made of metallic material exist and serve to reinforce the cast resin ring glass fiber fabric and that each anchoring serve two mirror images of each other in a plane perpendicular to the winding axis, each supported in the conductor rail by a compressed head and in the cast resin ring by an angled.
- anchors belonging to the same anchoring are connected to one another in the circumferential direction by the glass fiber fabric serving simultaneously to reinforce the cast resin ring, or the anchors belonging to the same anchoring are coupled by an anchor plate penetrated by a plurality of holes. Furthermore, it is particularly expedient, in the case of very large nominal powers, to adjust the mechanical tension between the armatures and the conductor rail held by them after the cast resin ring has hardened, for example via threaded nuts carried by the armatures.
- Undervoltage windings designed according to the invention are very advantageous because the mechanical strength of the connection between the winding tube and the conductor rail serving as rejection can be of any size, so that the dimensional stability of the winding tube itself determines the limit load in the event of a short circuit.
- the improvement in strength is achieved without increasing the space requirement and without deteriorating the electrical strength.
- An iron core 1 composed of sheet metal lamellae with yokes 2 is held together by bandages 3.
- the yokes 2 are also held together by yoke press beams 4, which simultaneously transmit axial clamping forces of an undervoltage winding 5 and an overvoltage winding 6 to tension cover plates 7 resting on the iron core.
- the yoke press beams 4 on the lower yoke 6 carry angles 8 which are part of a chassis 9 with rollers 10.
- the undervoltage winding 5 and the high-voltage winding 6 are clamped between them press blocks, the required clamping force being set by pressing elements 13 which support the outer yoke 2.
- the press blocks 11 are provided with elastic supports 12 which are rotated by approximately 45 ° with respect to the drawing plane, which at the same time compensate for manufacturing tolerances of the undervoltage winding 5 and the high-voltage winding 6 and decouple the windings in terms of vibration technology from the iron core 1 and the yokes 2.
- the high-voltage winding 6 is completely encased in casting resin and consists of coils which are electrically connected in series and are not designated in any more detail.
- the high-voltage windings 6 of the three phases of the same Transformers are connected to one another by switching strips 14, preferably in a delta connection.
- the undervoltage winding 5 consists essentially of a spirally wound strip material 15, the width of which is approximately equal to the length of the iron core legs in the axial direction.
- a foil 16 which is somewhat wider than the strip material 15 and consequently protrudes somewhat at both ends of the winding in the axial direction, is used for the electrical insulation of the turns lying one on top of the other.
- the winding of the strip material 15 and the film 16 is provided on its ring-shaped end faces with a cast resin ring 17 each.
- Each of these cast resin rings 17 seals the winding end face covered by it and at the same time protects the edges of the film 16 which it surrounds from mechanical damage.
- the ends of the winding conductor from the sheet metal strip 15 are welded over their entire width to conductor rails 18 serving as rejection, of which only the one lying within the undervoltage winding 5 is shown.
- the conductor rail 18 extends down to the lower edge of the cast resin ring 17 and is led out of the winding at the top and is guided laterally away from the upper yoke 2 by means of bends.
- the upper free end of the conductor rail 18 is provided in a manner not shown with holes and is used to connect the undervoltage winding 5 to a low-voltage supply network, also not shown.
- the conductor rail 18 has two holes each at the level of the cast resin rings 17, each of which has an armature 19 are enforced.
- the ends of the anchors 19 protruding into the cast resin rings 17 are bent by approximately 90 ° and thus, together with the heads of the anchors 19 which are conically compressed within the conductor rails 18, ensure a positive connection between the parts carrying them.
- the conductor rail 18 is also glued in a manner not shown, both with the cast resin rings 17 and with the winding from the sheet metal strip 15 and the plastic film 16. To make better use of the mechanical strength of the cast resin rings 17, these are reinforced in the area of the anchors 19 by a reinforcement 20, preferably made of glass fiber fabric.
- the reinforcement 20 in particular also absorbs tensile forces occurring between the anchors 19.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87110494T ATE61151T1 (de) | 1986-07-31 | 1987-07-20 | Unterspannungswicklung fuer luftgekuehlte, giessharzisolierte verteilungstransformatoren. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3625866 | 1986-07-31 | ||
| DE3625866 | 1986-07-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0256329A1 true EP0256329A1 (fr) | 1988-02-24 |
| EP0256329B1 EP0256329B1 (fr) | 1991-02-27 |
Family
ID=6306364
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87110494A Expired - Lifetime EP0256329B1 (fr) | 1986-07-31 | 1987-07-20 | Enroulement basse tension pour transformateurs de distribution refroidis par air et isolés par une résine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0256329B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE61151T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3768171D1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2020534B3 (fr) |
| GR (1) | GR3001612T3 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1298682A3 (fr) * | 2001-09-28 | 2004-10-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Bobine électrique à conducteur en bande |
| WO2015004690A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | CDR ITALY DI PIETRO BARACCO E C. s.a.s | Roue pour un transformateur électrique, procédé d'assemblage et transformateur électrique |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE932975C (de) * | 1952-05-31 | 1955-09-12 | Intercito Holding | Einrichtung zur Befestigung der Spulen in Transformatoren |
| FR68064E (fr) * | 1955-10-25 | 1958-03-27 | Comp Generale Electricite | Dispositif d'isolation d'un enroulement tel qu'une bobine de transformateur ou une bobine de réactance |
| US3548355A (en) * | 1969-04-10 | 1970-12-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Foil coils with metallic back plates |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2246235B2 (de) * | 1972-09-21 | 1978-08-24 | Transformatoren Union Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Trockentransformator |
-
1987
- 1987-07-20 DE DE8787110494T patent/DE3768171D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-20 ES ES87110494T patent/ES2020534B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-20 AT AT87110494T patent/ATE61151T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-07-20 EP EP87110494A patent/EP0256329B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-15 GR GR90401176T patent/GR3001612T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE932975C (de) * | 1952-05-31 | 1955-09-12 | Intercito Holding | Einrichtung zur Befestigung der Spulen in Transformatoren |
| FR68064E (fr) * | 1955-10-25 | 1958-03-27 | Comp Generale Electricite | Dispositif d'isolation d'un enroulement tel qu'une bobine de transformateur ou une bobine de réactance |
| US3548355A (en) * | 1969-04-10 | 1970-12-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Foil coils with metallic back plates |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 10, Nr. 217 (E-423)[2273], 29. Juli 1986; & JP-A-61 54 606 (TOSHIBA CORP.) 18-03-1986 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 9, Nr. 201 (E-336)[1924], 17. August 1985; & JP-A-60 66 412 (TOSHIBA K.K.) 16-04-1985 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1298682A3 (fr) * | 2001-09-28 | 2004-10-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Bobine électrique à conducteur en bande |
| WO2015004690A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | CDR ITALY DI PIETRO BARACCO E C. s.a.s | Roue pour un transformateur électrique, procédé d'assemblage et transformateur électrique |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR3001612T3 (en) | 1992-11-23 |
| DE3768171D1 (de) | 1991-04-04 |
| ES2020534B3 (es) | 1991-08-16 |
| ATE61151T1 (de) | 1991-03-15 |
| EP0256329B1 (fr) | 1991-02-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0256329B1 (fr) | Enroulement basse tension pour transformateurs de distribution refroidis par air et isolés par une résine | |
| EP2239745B1 (fr) | Transformateur de performance doté d'un noyau amorphe | |
| DE3046505C2 (de) | Saugdrossel für Hochstromtransformatoren | |
| DE2417125A1 (de) | Stabilisierte stromquelle fuer elektrotechnologische anlagen | |
| DE4445049C1 (de) | Isolier- und Abstützanordnung für Wicklungen von Transformatoren und Drosselspulen | |
| DE2736092A1 (de) | Wicklung fuer transformatoren mit zwei windungen fuer sehr hohe elektrische stroeme | |
| DE2425899A1 (de) | Wicklungsanordnung fuer transformatoren mit rechteckigem kernquerschnitt | |
| EP0151366B1 (fr) | Enroulement à haute tension d'un transformateur de tension inductif | |
| CH643679A5 (en) | High-current inductor coil | |
| DE2621762C2 (de) | Preßeinrichtung für die Wicklungen eines Transformators | |
| DE3918187A1 (de) | Eisenkern fuer elektromagnetische geraete | |
| DE2225090A1 (de) | Eisenkern mit luftspalt | |
| EP0107013B1 (fr) | Réactance avec des enroulements sur des branches du noyau constituées pas des noyaux de fer en forme de disques | |
| EP0583644A1 (fr) | Inductance | |
| DE2800750A1 (de) | Eisenkern fuer einen hochspannungstransformator niedriger leistung | |
| EP0165435B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'un enroulement basse tension pour transformateurs | |
| DE2934719A1 (de) | In vergussbauweise hergestellter transformator | |
| EP4006926A1 (fr) | Cadre pressé pour une coulasse d'un noyau de transformateur | |
| DE102006042360B3 (de) | Elektromagnetmetallkern aus Einzelblechen | |
| DE2045289A1 (de) | Unterspannungswicklung für Transformatoren, Drosselspulen und dergleichen | |
| DE3306975C2 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Pressen von Wicklungen eines Transformators | |
| EP0548713A1 (fr) | Condensateur électrique | |
| DE3151288C2 (de) | Dreiphasen-Kompensationsdrosselspule | |
| EP0279253A1 (fr) | Ballast inductif pour lampes à décharge | |
| DE2450926A1 (de) | Elektrischer transformator oder drosselspule |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19880325 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19900427 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 61151 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19910315 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3768171 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19910404 |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: FG4A Free format text: 3001612 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19940731 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| EPTA | Lu: last paid annual fee | ||
| EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 87110494.9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Payment date: 19950623 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19950720 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 19970131 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: MM2A Free format text: 3001612 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19990616 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19990708 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19990709 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19990713 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19990719 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 19990721 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19990723 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000720 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000720 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000721 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000721 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000731 |
|
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: SIEMENS A.G. Effective date: 20000731 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010201 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20000720 |
|
| EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 87110494.9 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010330 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20010201 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20020916 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20021011 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030731 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030731 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040203 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20010810 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050720 |