EP0255131B1 - Projectile forming charge - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a projectile-forming charge according to the preamble of claim 1.

A projectile-forming insert is known from DE-PS 33 17 352. The energy of an explosive transforms it into a compact and dimensionally stable projectile.
For the use of projectile-forming charges against battle tanks, the charge components are mutually optimized in such a way that the insert creates a highly effective projectile with almost no loss of mass. The effect in the main battle tank is very much due to the large number of secondary fragments that are knocked out of the relatively thick armor. However, these projectiles are oversized against lightly armored vehicles, because essentially the vehicle is shot through without substantial secondary splinters.

From DE-A-35 01 649 (basis for the preamble of claim 1) a warhead with a beam-forming pointed cone insert is known for the optional combat of hard or light armored targets, with a central and at least one eccentric ignition means being provided. In the case of lightly armored multilayer targets, at least the eccentric primer is fired. An oblique detonation wave front converts the insert into a fanned beam. Its particles create a slot-shaped elongated hole in the outer armor.

A subsequent massive tappet should then penetrate the elongated hole and affect the subsequent armor.

The object of the invention is therefore to design an armor-piercing, projectile-forming charge in such a way that it is suitable either to produce either a single compact projectile or, by appropriate measures, to simultaneously generate several projectiles in order to achieve both hard targets, such as tanks, or lightly armored or Combat unarmored targets with projectiles adapted to the target.

The solution to this problem is indicated by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the further claims.

It is essential for the invention to fundamentally consider providing a projectile-forming charge both for producing an armor-piercing projectile and for producing individual projectiles against light or unarmored vehicles. The optional use is made possible by simple additional constructive measures. These measures are based on the basic idea that in order to generate several projectiles, the projectile-forming insert is converted into a corresponding number of projectiles due to several detonation wave regions.

The effect of the armor-piercing projectile load against lightly armored vehicles is increased if measures on the load distort the detonation front, which runs evenly from the axial ignition point, or if the insulation by the casing on the circumference of the load or in the area of the occupancy is different, and therefore several Projectiles are created.

Fig. 1 und 2

eine Ladung mit am Umfang angeordneten Verdämmungsteilen;

Fig. 3 und 4

eine Ladung deren Hülle zwei abwerfbare Abschnitte aufweist;

Fig. 5

eine Ladung mit einer Hülse und daraus ausstoßbaren Stiften;

Fig. 6 und 7

eine Ladung, bei der die zielseitige Seite der Einlage mit Segmenten abgedeckt ist;

Fig. 8 bis 11

Ladungen mit Segmenten im Bereich der Projektilbildung.

The measures to be used advantageously for this purpose can be found in the following description of the figures of individual exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
It shows a schematic representation of projectile-forming charge arrangements:

1 and 2

a load with damper parts arranged around the circumference;

3 and 4

a cargo whose shell has two droppable sections;

Fig. 5

a charge with a sleeve and pins ejectable therefrom;

6 and 7

a load in which the target side of the insert is covered with segments;

8 to 11

Loads with segments in the area of projectile formation.

According to FIGS. 1 and 2, four insulation parts 6, which can be moved radially in the direction of the arrows 10, are provided for a load 1 with an insert 2, an explosive charge 3, a casing 4, a central ignition 5. The sliding mechanism takes place via a known cam control. The detonation wave 8 is reflected non-uniformly in the case of displaced dam parts 6 because of the symmetrical column 9 of approximately 2 mm with a caliber of 150 mm. This leads to four projectiles flying parallel to the main axis 7. In the case of adjacent insulation parts 6, in which there is therefore no gap 9, only a single projectile, which is not shown here, is formed.

According to FIGS. 3 and 4, four sections 16 with the width 17 and height 18 are provided in the envelope 4 for a load 15 in the casing 4. When sections 16 are ejected, the detonation wave is later reflected in the areas of sections 16, so that four projectiles are produced instead of a single projectile.

According to FIG. 5, a charge 25 in the casing 4 has bores 26 corresponding to the width 17 of the sections 16 according to FIGS. 3 and 4, from which corresponding pins 27 can be ejected via gas pressure.

The functions of the charges 15 and 25 correspond to those of the charge 1. When sections 16 are removed or the pins 27 are ejected accordingly, four projectiles or heavy fragments are produced instead of a projectile when the shaped charge 15 or 25 detonates.

According to FIGS. 6 and 7, the insert 2 of a load 45 is covered by two spherical segments 46 made of sheet steel. When fighting a heavily armored vehicle, such as a main battle tank, these segments 46 are repelled beforehand.
In order to combat lightly armored vehicles, the segments 46 remain in front of the insert 2. When the shaped charge is ignited, these segments 46 lead to the formation of four projectiles or, correspondingly, four heavy fragments.

According to FIG. 8, a load 55 is provided with an upstream repulsible serrated lock washer 56, see also the aforementioned segments 46 according to FIGS. 7 and 8 or the rod-shaped arms 67 of the load 68 made of glass fiber reinforced plastic according to FIGS. 10 and 11. For the production of several projectiles the segments 56 and the arms 67 remain in the positions shown. The streams of mass particles produced by the explosive during the implementation of the explosive are initially, ie at the crucial stage, directed by the segments 56 or by the arms 67 in such a way that several projectiles are formed instead of a single projectile. The relatively short exposure time of the segments 46 (FIG. 6), the segments 56 (FIG. 8) and the arms 67 (FIG. 10) is completely sufficient for this.

Claims (7)

1. A projectile-forming charge (1) for the selective combatting of heavily or lightly armoured targets with a case (4), an explosive charge (3), a detonation device (5) and an insert (2), characterised in that either on the case (4) of the charge (1) or within the jet-formation region sectorwise and removable interference means (6; 16, 27; 46; 56; 57) are provided.
2. A charge according to claim 1, characterised in that on the case (4) at least two sector-shaped tamping parts (6 ) for the formation of air gaps (9) are mounted on the periphery of the explosive charge (3) so as to be displaceable in the radial direction (10).
3. A charge according to claim 1, characterised in that the case (4) of the charge (15) consists of several portions (16) which weaken the wall strength of the case (4) and which are jettisonable.
4. A charge according to claim 1, characterised in that provided frontally and by sectors on the case (4) of the charge (25) are bores (26) in which jettisonable pins (27) are arranged.
5. A charge according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of a charge (45) jettisonable, sector-shaped, sheet-shaped segments (46) are provided on the insert (20).
6. A charge according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of a charge (55, 58) segments (56) or respectively arms (67) which restrict the flow of the explosive-accelerated mass particles of the insert (2) but which are jettisonable are arranged in front of the insert (2).
7. A charge according to claim 6, characterised in that the arms (67) consist of glass-fibre-reinforced plastics material.

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