EP0132650A1 - Alliage à base d'aluminium pour éléments structuraux profilés de véhicules et procédé pour la fabrication de ces éléments - Google Patents
Alliage à base d'aluminium pour éléments structuraux profilés de véhicules et procédé pour la fabrication de ces éléments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0132650A1 EP0132650A1 EP84107852A EP84107852A EP0132650A1 EP 0132650 A1 EP0132650 A1 EP 0132650A1 EP 84107852 A EP84107852 A EP 84107852A EP 84107852 A EP84107852 A EP 84107852A EP 0132650 A1 EP0132650 A1 EP 0132650A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- shaped elements
- vehicles
- elements
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 57
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 57
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019641 Mg2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004826 seaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
Definitions
- This invention relates to an aluminium alloy and to a process, which is particularly useful for manufacturing, with said alloy, structural shaped elements of vehicles, in particular simple shaped elements or box-type composite shaped elements for motor vehicles, such as hoods for motors and for baggage compartments, doors, mudguards, roofs, panelings and the like.
- the present tendency is to manufacture lighter and lighter motor vehicles in order to obtain several advantages, known to the technicians of this branch, among which, in particular, that of achieving substantial savings in the energy required in the running of said motor vehicles.
- the physical-mechanical properties of the alloy must be such as to assure a good resistance to dent, the possibility of carrying out, without defects, seaming operations with "block” folding, and, finally, of avoiding, during forming, the formation of "Lueder bands" which, as is known, may appear on a surface of a metal when such metal is deformed beyond its elastic limit (with creep of the metal itself), and which involve successive surface treatment operations.
- the current technology is prevailingly directed to utilize two different alloy families, namely : a first family characterized by the optimization of the mechanical characteristics (to the prejudice of the formability which results to be by far lower than the one of mild steel) for the use in the outer panelings, and a second family characterized by the optimization of the formability (to the prejudice of the mechanical resistance) for the use in the inner frameworks, which require very marked shapings.
- alloy 6009-T4 designation according to Aluminium Association
- alloy 5182-0 is predominantly used.
- the typical compositions of such alloys are those known and indicated hereinbelow (% by weight) :
- the aluminium alloys of said first family are not susceptible of being shaped in conventional dies as are utilized for the shaping of mild steel, wherefore it is practical impossible to use the existing pressing lines of the automotive industry, what entails, of course, disadvantages of both technical and economical nature.
- Another object of the present invention resides in a process for manufacturing shaped elements of vehicles starting from cast plates and billets of said alloy, in particular for manufacturing box-type composite shaped elements for motor vehicles.
- the alloy according to the invention is obtained by casting into water a body having the above-indicated composition, in the form of a rolling plate or of an extrusion billet.
- Said plate is homogen ized at a temperature in the range of from 540 to 580°C for a time of maximum 24 hours under steady state (usually 8-12 hours), whereupon it is quenched to room temperature, preferably by means of water rain.
- said cooling can be stopped at the rough-working temperature, as explained hereinafter).
- the so homogenized alloy plate is then roughly worked, by subjecting it to strong runs, starting from a pre--heating temperature ranging from 460° to 500°C.
- the preheating time period for rough-working shall be as short as possible.
- the rough-worked plate is then directly transformed,by rolling, into semifinished products in the form of sheets having final thicknesses,already suitable for use, in the range of from 0.7 to 1.5 mm.
- Said semifinished products are then subjected to a solution heat-treatment by means of heating to 525°-535°C (5-10 minutes under steady state) followed by hardening by means of water quenching.
- a solution heat-treatment/hardening step Mg 2 Si forms in a supersaturated solid solution at room temperature, while free Mg remains dissolved in aluminium since the amounts of Mg and Si in the alloy, according to the invention, are reciprocally proportioned in such amounts as to have a stoichiometric excess of Mg in respect of said Mg 2 Si compound, to the specific purpose of attaining an optimization of the alloy's formability characteristics, in particular of its drawability.
- said Mg excess shall not exceed amounts of the order of 0.6-0.7% by weight, because a high- erMgexcess would reduce the solubility of said compound Mg 2 Si in Al and, consequently, the hardening effect by precipitation of same during the successive artificial ageing step after forming (as better illustrated later), which causes an increase in the mechanical resistance of the alloy.
- Said hardened sheets are flattened and then allowed to naturally age at room temperature (T4 state): after 15 days, the yielding values are substantially stabilized at low values, and the sheets are ready for being formed into shah ed elements in an easy and stable manner.
- the alloy composition and relevant metallurgical working cycle (described hereinabove) are combined in such way as to impart to the semifinished products (sheets, structural shapes) in the T4 state, ready for the forming operations, a yield strength Rp 0.2 and an elastic modulus (E) such that the Rp 0.2/E ratio ranges from 1.2 x x 10 -3 to 1.7 ⁇ 10 -3 (very close to the one of steels for deep pressing), so that the semifinished products are particularly suited to be easily shaped in a stable manner (i.e. with an exact shape retaining after shaping) and free from defects, also by means of dies and with conventional pressing process used for steel, without bringing substantial modifications thereto.
- the semifinished products in state T4 mentioned above are then transformed, by cold-pressing, into shaped elements for vehicles, such elements, after pressing, being subjected to an artificial ageing operation to bring about hardening (precipitation of Mg 2 Si) with consequent raising of the mechanical characteristics to a substantial stability level, with a yield strength ranging from 165 to 200 N/ mm.
- Said artificial ageing is accomplished by heating said shaped elements to a temperature from 180° to 220°C for a time between- 30 and 90 minutes.
- said shaped elements Before said ageing step, said shaped elements can be provided with a surface coating (painting) susceptible of hot-hardening, so that, in a single successive heating step at 180-220°C, the abovesaid artificial ageing of the alloy as well as the stable hardening of the paint take place.
- the abovesaid shaped elements can be utilized for outer panelings as well as for inner frameworks of vehicle components, in particular box-type composite components of motor vehicles, such as hoods for motors and for baggage compartments,doors,mudguards,roofs and the like,since, as is mentioned hereinabove, the semifinished parts (sheets, structural shapes) obtained from the alloy and by the process according to the invention are, in state T4, easily shapable without defects (in particular: without Lueder bands) and, after shaping, they can be hardened till assuming, permanently, a high mechanical resistance.
- the formability-drawability and shape stability of the alloy according to the invention are better than those (already good) of alloy 5182-0, and very close to those (excellent) of deep pressing steel FeP04 (UNI 8092, according to Italian Standards UNI), while the deformation resistance characteristics (after artificial ageing) are always higher than those of alloy 5182-0 and only slightly lower than those of alloy 6009-T4, in respect of which, however, the alloy of the invention has the considerable advantage of improving both formability and shape retaining (as will be proved later on, in the examples).
- state T4 The formability of the alloy sheets according to the invention (state T4) enables to seam the sheets' edges by "block” folding, as shows position 2 in figure 2, while the mechanical strength of said sheets after shaping and artificial ageing secures a good resistance to dent to shaped elements.
- the alloy and the relevant process for transforming same permit to obtain a statistically disoriented and substantially free from rough precipitates, fine grain recrystallization structure of the alloy, said structure being suitable for ensuring, besides excellent formability properties, also an excellent corrosion resistance.
- a composite component for vehicles for example a motor hood represented in figure 1, to which reference is made here
- a composite component for vehicles which has to be composed of an outer shaped paneling 1a (endowed with a good shape stability with surface flatness, as well as with a good dent resistance) and of an inner reinforcing framework 1b shaped to deep and complex forms
- a single alloy namely the alloy of the invention, which thus replaces both alloy 5182-0 in said inner framework, and alloy 6009-T4 in said outer paneling.
- Said plate was homogenized by means of a 12-hour heating at 560°C (followed by water-rain cooling) and then rough-shaped after heating to 475°C.
- the rough-shaped product so obtained was then rolled, by a conventional method, till obtaining a sheet with a thickness of 0.9 mm.
- This sheet was subjected to a solution heat-treatment-hardening by heating to 530°C (8 minutes) followed by cooling with water-rain.
- the so hardened sheet was allowed to age at room temperature for 15 days, thus obtaining said alloy in the T4 state, the characteristics of which are indicated in Tables I and II (in such Tables, the alloy is designated as AI-02/1).
- Said plate was homogenized, rough-shaped, rolled, hardened and aged by processes and relevant parameters (temperatures, times) substantially like those of Example 1.
- Example 2 Using 0.9 mm thick sheets in the T4 state obtained in Example 2, there were formed (employing conventional forming dies and cycles as are utilized for mild steel) two shaped elements, respectively an outer element and an inner element for motor-vehicle motor-hood (indicated with 1a and 1b in figures 1 and 2).
- Example 2 Following the process of Example 1, there were prepared two sheets having a thickness of 0.9 mm (up to the artificial ageing state for 1 hour at 220°C), respectively made of an alloy AI/3 and of an alloy AI/4, both comprising Fe, Al and other elements, such as impurities, in amounts substantially equal to those of the alloy according to the invention of example 2, while Si and Mg were in different amounts from those of the alby according to the invention, namely :
- alloy AI/3 in relation to the too low Si content, Mg 2 Si did not form in a sufficient amount to cause the desired hardening, while in the AI/4 alloy the too high free Mg content above the stoichiometric composition Mg Si(1.3%) brought about an inhibiting effect on the solid solubility of Mg 2 Si in Al during the solution heat-treatment,with consequent substantial decrease of hardening (due to insufficient precipitation of said Mg 2 Si during artificial ageing), as is proved by the data recorded in Table III, compared with the ones of alloy AI/02 of examples 1 and 2 (all the alloys are in state T6, after a 1-hour artificial ageing at 200°C).
- the aluminium alloy according to the invention is particularly suited to be used in shaped elements for vehicles, but, as is evident, it can find a useful utilization in all those appliances which require an Al-based light alloy endowed with balanced characteristics of formability, shape stability and mechanical stregth.
- the alloy according to the invention is employable, in a few cases, in composite shaped elements comprising one or more shaped elements consisting of said alloy and one or more shaped elements consisting of another material.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2211983 | 1983-07-19 | ||
| IT22119/83A IT1163803B (it) | 1983-07-19 | 1983-07-19 | Lega di alluminio per elementi sagomati strutturali di veicoli e procedimento per ottenere detti elementi |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0132650A1 true EP0132650A1 (fr) | 1985-02-13 |
Family
ID=11191770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84107852A Withdrawn EP0132650A1 (fr) | 1983-07-19 | 1984-07-05 | Alliage à base d'aluminium pour éléments structuraux profilés de véhicules et procédé pour la fabrication de ces éléments |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0132650A1 (fr) |
| IT (1) | IT1163803B (fr) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0245464A4 (fr) * | 1985-11-04 | 1988-03-22 | Aluminum Co Of America | Element en alliage d'aluminium pour vehicules. |
| US5085097A (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1992-02-04 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Steering wheel core |
| US5204043A (en) * | 1990-01-13 | 1993-04-20 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing steering wheel |
| EP0548007A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-06-23 | Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ag | Tôle de carrosserie |
| US5573606A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1996-11-12 | Gibbs Die Casting Aluminum Corporation | Aluminum alloy and method for making die cast products |
| DE19754170A1 (de) * | 1997-12-06 | 1999-06-10 | Volkswagen Ag | Leichtmetallbauteil |
| DE4419218C2 (de) * | 1993-07-22 | 1999-10-28 | Opel Adam Ag | Großflächiges Karosserieelement eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere Motor- oder Kofferraumhaube |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1294031B (de) * | 1961-07-03 | 1969-04-30 | Aluminum Co Of America | Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung einer anodisch zu oxydierenden Al-Mg-Si-Knetlegierung |
| FR2158729A5 (en) * | 1971-10-29 | 1973-06-15 | Cegedur | Aluminium- copper- magnesium alloy - for automobile body sheet materials undergoing stove-enamelling |
| DE1608159A1 (de) * | 1967-07-22 | 1973-08-16 | Honsel Werke Ag | Aluminium-magnesium-siliziumlegierung |
| FR2264885A1 (fr) * | 1974-03-18 | 1975-10-17 | Alusuisse | |
| US4043840A (en) * | 1976-07-09 | 1977-08-23 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Aluminum alloys possessing improved resistance weldability |
| FR2351182A1 (fr) * | 1976-04-16 | 1977-12-09 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind | Nouveaux alliages d'aluminium |
-
1983
- 1983-07-19 IT IT22119/83A patent/IT1163803B/it active
-
1984
- 1984-07-05 EP EP84107852A patent/EP0132650A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1294031B (de) * | 1961-07-03 | 1969-04-30 | Aluminum Co Of America | Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung einer anodisch zu oxydierenden Al-Mg-Si-Knetlegierung |
| DE1608159A1 (de) * | 1967-07-22 | 1973-08-16 | Honsel Werke Ag | Aluminium-magnesium-siliziumlegierung |
| FR2158729A5 (en) * | 1971-10-29 | 1973-06-15 | Cegedur | Aluminium- copper- magnesium alloy - for automobile body sheet materials undergoing stove-enamelling |
| FR2264885A1 (fr) * | 1974-03-18 | 1975-10-17 | Alusuisse | |
| FR2351182A1 (fr) * | 1976-04-16 | 1977-12-09 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind | Nouveaux alliages d'aluminium |
| FR2351183A1 (fr) * | 1976-04-16 | 1977-12-09 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind | Nouveaux alliages d'aluminium |
| US4043840A (en) * | 1976-07-09 | 1977-08-23 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Aluminum alloys possessing improved resistance weldability |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0245464A4 (fr) * | 1985-11-04 | 1988-03-22 | Aluminum Co Of America | Element en alliage d'aluminium pour vehicules. |
| US5085097A (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1992-02-04 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Steering wheel core |
| US5204043A (en) * | 1990-01-13 | 1993-04-20 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing steering wheel |
| EP0548007A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-06-23 | Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ag | Tôle de carrosserie |
| CH685707A5 (de) * | 1991-12-16 | 1995-09-15 | Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag | Karosserieblech. |
| DE4419218C2 (de) * | 1993-07-22 | 1999-10-28 | Opel Adam Ag | Großflächiges Karosserieelement eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere Motor- oder Kofferraumhaube |
| US5573606A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1996-11-12 | Gibbs Die Casting Aluminum Corporation | Aluminum alloy and method for making die cast products |
| DE19754170A1 (de) * | 1997-12-06 | 1999-06-10 | Volkswagen Ag | Leichtmetallbauteil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8322119A0 (it) | 1983-07-19 |
| IT1163803B (it) | 1987-04-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI LU NL SE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19850606 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19860311 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ALUMINIA S.P.A. |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19870316 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: MORRI, DOMENICO |