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EP0114610B1 - Burner for the stoichiometric combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel - Google Patents

Burner for the stoichiometric combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0114610B1
EP0114610B1 EP84100182A EP84100182A EP0114610B1 EP 0114610 B1 EP0114610 B1 EP 0114610B1 EP 84100182 A EP84100182 A EP 84100182A EP 84100182 A EP84100182 A EP 84100182A EP 0114610 B1 EP0114610 B1 EP 0114610B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
combustion
tube
thickening
throttle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84100182A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0114610A1 (en
Inventor
Roland Ringli
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Satronic AG
Original Assignee
Satronic AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Satronic AG filed Critical Satronic AG
Priority to AT84100182T priority Critical patent/ATE33301T1/en
Publication of EP0114610A1 publication Critical patent/EP0114610A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0114610B1 publication Critical patent/EP0114610B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F23D11/404—Flame tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for the stoichiometric combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels, consisting of a fuel line provided with an atomizing nozzle, an air supply line surrounding it for the combustion air to be supplied by a fan or the like.
  • the combustion chamber, and a combustion chamber connected to the air supply line Forming flame tube made of a material with a high heat storage capacity, the end facing the air supply tube has an inlet opening provided with a throttle and at the opposite end of which is provided a closure plate inserted therein and equipped with a plurality of outlet openings.
  • a burner of this type is known from US-A-4 021 191.
  • the atomizer nozzle is arranged in front of a central opening which is worked into a plate and is intended to form a throttle.
  • the fuel is thus injected into the throttle.
  • the plate is provided with several recesses equipped with guide vanes through which the combustion air is blown.
  • the combustion gases therefore rotate in the flame tube, so that a vacuum zone is created in the core of the flame, which allows hot flue gases to circulate.
  • the air pressure required for the combustion must be relatively high and the combustion air does not flow through the throttle into the flame tube, soot-free combustion cannot be achieved, since oil droplets evaporate through the hot flue gases.
  • an oil gasification burner with fan is also known, in which the injection nozzle is arranged in the narrowest cross section of a mixing chamber delimited by conical wall parts; however, the conical wall parts do not form a throttle. Rather, the fresh air required for combustion is sucked in through an opening and conveyed by a fan together with hot exhaust gases into a fresh air duct which surrounds the nozzle in a spiral and has a continuously narrowing cross section.
  • the air duct is connected to an annular duct which is delimited on the outside by a wall part.
  • the air mixed with hot exhaust gases enters the mixing chamber perpendicularly to the plane of the spiral through the ring channel as a cyclone-like vortex in the narrowest cross-section, the clear cross-section of the ring channel is narrowed, but is not a throttle, especially since the casing of the nozzle is axial Direction is adjustable in order to change and adjust the cross section of the ring channel.
  • the burner according to DE-A-15 51 732 is therefore a rotary burner since the mixture flows in like a cyclone.
  • the device disclosed in DE-A-2808690 is designed in almost the same way.
  • hot steam is generated in a combustion chamber, which is pressed into an already exploited oil deposit so that the oil still present there becomes thinner and can be extracted.
  • This device is not to be regarded as a burner for stoichiometric combustion, but instead of hydrogen, oxygen and a fuel, a hot gas is generated in a combustion chamber and supplied to the oil deposit.
  • the combustion chamber indeed has a front constriction and a central constriction, a swirl chamber being formed by the front constriction and the combustion chamber being subdivided into a reaction chamber at the front and a rear evaporation chamber through the central constriction.
  • the combustion air is injected tangentially into the widening part of the mixing chamber through holes of constant cross-section. This in turn creates a swirl and the mixture to be burned is set in rotation.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a burner for the stoichiometric combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels of the type mentioned at the outset, which is independent of the respective boiler size and boiler construction and which nevertheless always completely burns the fuel supplied and thus a high energy yield with a low pollutant content guaranteed.
  • the construction effort required for this should be extremely low, so that there is also economical production, but above all there should be no rotational movements of the combustion gases and the burner should be fully functional and in a large area immediately after commissioning, without the combustion being adversely affected and Coking occurs, can be regulated.
  • the operating noise should be kept low and it should be possible to convert existing systems in a corresponding manner without difficulty.
  • the throttle is formed by a thickening which is triangular in the longitudinal section and which is circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the flame tube and has mutually inclined inner circumferential surfaces each enclosing a truncated cone as part of the inlet opening, which is rounded off in the adjoining area merge into one another, and that the atomizer nozzle is arranged in the region of the narrowest cross section of the throttle.
  • the atomizer nozzle can be arranged in the throttle adjustable in the axial direction.
  • the thickening can be easily molded into the flame tube or inserted into it.
  • the angle of inclination of the inner jacket surface of the thickening facing the air supply pipe should be larger than the angle of inclination of the inner jacket surface facing the combustion chamber, the angle of inclination being approximately 35 to 55 ° or 25 to 45 °. Furthermore, should the side facing the combustion chamber from the inner surface area from about 1/3 1/6 correspond to the thickening limited portion of the length of the combustion chamber. In this way, favorable flow conditions in the inlet opening and the combustion chamber are achieved.
  • the throttle or the thickening forming it can also be provided with a cutout running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flame tube for holding the ignition electrode of the burner, but it is also possible to arrange the ignition electrode between the nozzle and the throttle.
  • the outlet openings incorporated in the closure plate of the flame tube are to be designed in a simple embodiment as bores arranged on concentric circles of holes, preferably with a circular cross section, the bores of a circle of holes each having the same inside diameter. If the closure plate is provided with bores of different diameters arranged on two bolt circles, the bores arranged on the inner bolt circle should be dimensioned smaller in their inner diameter than the bores arranged on the outer bolt circle.
  • the closure plate should be insertable into the flame tube in the axial direction thereof.
  • the closure plate in order to promote recirculation in the combustion chamber, it is appropriate to design the closure plate as conical on the side facing inwards, preferably as a mirror image of the opposite inner wall of the thickened portion.
  • the flame tube, the thickening and the sealing plate can be economically produced in one piece from ceramic material, from refractory concrete or the like.
  • the burner designed according to the invention for the stoichiometric combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels is not only simple to construct and thus to be manufactured without difficulties, but the proposed design also enables, above all, always perfect combustion without soot forming and without coking occurs.
  • the throttle is formed by a thickening on the inner wall of the flame tube with mutually inclined inner lateral surfaces which merge into one another via a fillet, and if the atomizer nozzle is arranged in the region of the narrowest cross section of the throttle, the combustion air is also included extraordinarily high speed is fed directly to the atomizer nozzle and directed and deflected in the combustion chamber formed by the flame tube, so that there is no recirculation but rotation and the hot gases flowing to the atomized fuel cause complete combustion and thus complete combustion of the fuel.
  • the flow rate of the combustion air is greatly increased, the fuel emerging from the atomizer nozzle is entrained by it and vaporized in the interior of the flame tube by the recirculating hot gases and distributed evenly.
  • the interior of the flame tube thus forms a closed combustion chamber, so that only the tips of the flame emerge at the outlet openings of the partition wall together with the hot exhaust gases. Since the operating temperature is extremely high, there is also a high degree of efficiency.
  • the heat energy of the fuel converted by the combustion is released by the hot gases flowing off and by the radiation from the heated flame tube.
  • a burner designed in this way is independent of the respective boiler construction and its combustion chamber, and the closing plate also acts as a silencer, so that it can be used almost anywhere.
  • existing burners can be converted in a very simple manner, since only the correspondingly designed flame tube is to be connected to their air supply tube. And since, due to the good recirculation of the hot gases in the combustion chamber, the combustion is complete immediately after the burner is switched on, it is immediately ready for operation.
  • the burner designed according to the invention can be regulated over a wide range without structural changes having to be carried out and can therefore be easily adapted to the respective circumstances.
  • the amount of combustion air and / or the fuel supplied, for example, by changing the pressure of the oil feed pump, can be done without difficulty.A versatile use with simple handling and trouble-free operation is therefore given, especially since the chimney draft or the Kesseldrukkes have almost no influence on the combustion.
  • the configuration according to the invention thus makes it possible, since the recirculation of hot gases causes the fuel to be mixed and gasified well with the combustion air, for total, soot-free combustion and accordingly also for a high energy yield. And since there is no soot and no oil derivatives in the exhaust gas and the proportion of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons is low is extremely low, there is also a high level of environmental friendliness with long-term combustion quality.
  • the burner designated 1 in Fig. 1 for the combustion of heating oil consists of a fuel supply line 2 provided with an atomizing nozzle 3 and an air supply pipe 4 concentrically surrounding it, in the annular duct 5 of which combustion air of the atomizing nozzle 3 generated by a fan (not shown), which is adjustable in the axial direction can be arranged and to which an ignition electrode 6 is assigned flows.
  • the inlet opening 13 of the flame tube 11 forming a combustion chamber 12 is provided with a throttle 14, through which the flow rate of the supplied combustion air is increased to a great extent.
  • the end of the flame tube 11 opposite the throttle 14, on the other hand, has a closure plate 15, into which a larger number of outlet openings 16 and 16 'are incorporated.
  • the outlet openings 16 and 16 ' lie here, as shown in Fig., On concentric circles a and a' and are designed as bores with a circular cross-section.
  • the inner outlet openings 16 ' are dimensioned smaller in diameter than the outlet openings 16 arranged on the hole circle a.
  • the inner wall of the closure plate 15 can be provided with a conical surface 17, as shown in broken lines will.
  • the throttle 14 is formed by a thickening 21 formed in the flame tube 11 and triangular in longitudinal section, the conical inner lateral surfaces 22 and 23 of which are inclined opposite to one another and merge into one another by a fillet 24.
  • a recess 25 running parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the flame tube 11 for holding the ignition electrodes 6 is incorporated into the thickening 21.
  • the flow velocity of the combustion air supplied to the atomizing nozzle 3, which projects into the flame tube 11 in such a way that its outlet opening lies in the area of the fillet 24, is supplied by the inner circumferential surface 22 inclined at an angle a of approximately 45 ° to the longitudinal axis A of the flame tube 11 accelerated to a considerable extent and aimed directly at the atomizing nozzle 3.
  • the combustion jet emerging from this is entrained and evenly distributed and gasified in the almost closed combustion chamber 12 of the flame tube 11 by the inevitably given recirculation, so that there is a complete burnout and only blue ones at the outlet openings 16, 16 'of the closure plate 15 Flick out the tips of flames.
  • the recirculation of the hot gases is favored by the inner jacket surface 23 of the thickened portion 21, which is inclined at an angle ⁇ of 35 ° to the longitudinal axis A of the flame tube 11.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Abstract

1. Burner for the stoichiometric combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel comprising a fuel line (2) having a spray nozzle (3), an air tube (4) surrounding the fuel line which air tube is adapted to feed combustion air from a fan to the spray nozzle (3) and having a combustion tube (11) shaping the combustion chamber (12) and being connected to the air tube which combustion tube is made from a material having high temperature storing capacity, the end of which combustion tube facing the air tube (4) has an inlet opening (13) with a throttle (14) and to the opposite end of the combustion tube a cover plate (15) with a number of outlet openings (16, 16') is inserted, characterized in that the throttle (14) is shaped as a thickening (21) having in longitudinal section a triangular configuration and situated around the inner wall of the combustion tube (11) which thickening has inner wall surfaces (22, 23) each of which surrounding a truncated cone as a part of the inlet opening (13) respectively which inner wall surfaces merge in a concatenation region via a rounded region (24), and that the spray nozzle (3) is located where the throttle has its narrowest opening.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Brenner zur stöchiometrischen Verbrennung flüssiger oder gasförmiger Brennstoffe, bestehend aus einer mit einer Zerstäuberdüse versehenen Brennstoffleitung, einer diese umgebenden Luftzuführungsleitung für die von einem Ventilator oder dgl. der Zerstäuberdüse zuzuführenden Verbrennungsluft und aus einem an die Luftzuführungsleitung angeschlossenen, die Brennkammer bildenden Flammrohr aus einem Werkstoff mit hoher Wärmespeicherkapazität, dessen dem Luftzuführungsrohr zugekehrtes Ende eine mit einer Drossel versehene Eingangsöffnung aufweist und an dessen gegenüberliegendem Ende eine in dieses eingesetzte und mit einer Vielzahl von Austrittsöffnungen ausgestattete Verschlussplatte vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a burner for the stoichiometric combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels, consisting of a fuel line provided with an atomizing nozzle, an air supply line surrounding it for the combustion air to be supplied by a fan or the like. The combustion chamber, and a combustion chamber connected to the air supply line Forming flame tube made of a material with a high heat storage capacity, the end facing the air supply tube has an inlet opening provided with a throttle and at the opposite end of which is provided a closure plate inserted therein and equipped with a plurality of outlet openings.

Ein Brenner dieser Art ist durch die US-A-4 021 191 bekannt. Die Zerstäuberdüse ist bei dieser Ausgestaltung jedoch vor einer in eine Platte eingearbeiteten zentrischen Öffnung angeordnet, die eine Drossel bilden soll. Der Brennstoff wird somit in die Drossel hineingespritzt. Ausserdem ist die Platte mit mehreren mit Leitschaufeln ausgestatteten Ausnehmungen versehen, durch die die Verbrennungsluft eingeblasen wird. Die Verbrennungsgase rotieren demnach in dem Flammrohr, so dass im Kern der Flamme eine Unterdruckzone entsteht, welche heisse Rauchgase zirkulieren lässt. Abgesehen davon, dass der für die Verbrennung erforderliche Luftdruck relativ hoch sein muss und die Verbrennungsluft nicht durch die Drossel in das Flammrohr einströmt, ist eine russfreie Verbrennung, da durch die heissen Rauchgase Öltröpfchen verdampfen, nicht erzielbar.A burner of this type is known from US-A-4 021 191. In this embodiment, however, the atomizer nozzle is arranged in front of a central opening which is worked into a plate and is intended to form a throttle. The fuel is thus injected into the throttle. In addition, the plate is provided with several recesses equipped with guide vanes through which the combustion air is blown. The combustion gases therefore rotate in the flame tube, so that a vacuum zone is created in the core of the flame, which allows hot flue gases to circulate. Apart from the fact that the air pressure required for the combustion must be relatively high and the combustion air does not flow through the throttle into the flame tube, soot-free combustion cannot be achieved, since oil droplets evaporate through the hot flue gases.

Durch die DE-A-15 51 732 ist des weiteren ein Ölvergasungsbrenner mit Gebläse bekannt, bei dem die Einspritzdüse im engsten Querschnitt einer durch konische Wandteile begrenzten Mischkammer angeordnet ist; die konischen Wandteile bilden jedoch keine Drossel. Vielmehr wird die zur Verbrennung erforderliche Frischluft hierbei über eine Öffnung angesaugt und durch ein Gebläse zusammen mit heissen Abgasen in einen Frischluftkanal gefördert, der die Düse spiralförmig umgibt und einen sich stetig verengenden Querschnitt aufweist. Der Luftführungskanal steht in Verbindung mit einem Ringkanal, der aussen durch ein Wandteil begrenzt ist. Aus dem Luftführungskanal tritt die mit heissen Abgasen vermischte Luft senkrecht zur Ebene der Spirale durch den Ringkanal als zyklonartige Wirbel im engsten Querschnitt in den Mischraum ein, der lichte Querschnitt des Ringkanals wird zwar verengt, ist jedoch keine Drossel, zumal die Ummantelung der Düse in axialer Richtung verstellbar ist, um den Querschnitt des Ringkanals verändern und einstellen zu können. Der Brenner nach der DE-A-15 51 732 ist demnach, da das Gemisch zyklonartig einströmt, ein Rotationsbrenner.From DE-A-15 51 732 an oil gasification burner with fan is also known, in which the injection nozzle is arranged in the narrowest cross section of a mixing chamber delimited by conical wall parts; however, the conical wall parts do not form a throttle. Rather, the fresh air required for combustion is sucked in through an opening and conveyed by a fan together with hot exhaust gases into a fresh air duct which surrounds the nozzle in a spiral and has a continuously narrowing cross section. The air duct is connected to an annular duct which is delimited on the outside by a wall part. From the air duct, the air mixed with hot exhaust gases enters the mixing chamber perpendicularly to the plane of the spiral through the ring channel as a cyclone-like vortex in the narrowest cross-section, the clear cross-section of the ring channel is narrowed, but is not a throttle, especially since the casing of the nozzle is axial Direction is adjustable in order to change and adjust the cross section of the ring channel. The burner according to DE-A-15 51 732 is therefore a rotary burner since the mixture flows in like a cyclone.

In nahezu gleicher Weise ist auch die in der DE-A-2808690 offenbarte Einrichtung ausgebildet. in einer Brennkammer wird hierbei Heissdampf erzeugt, der in eine bereits ausgebeutete Öllagerstätte gepresst wird, damit das dort noch vorhandene Öl dünnflüssiger wird und gefördert werden kann. Diese Einrichtung ist nicht als ein Brenner zur stöchiometrischen Verbrennung anzusehen, sondern aus Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff und einem Brennstoff wird in einer Brennkammer ein Heissgas erzeugt, das der Öllagerstätte zugeführt wird. Die Brennkammer weist zwar eine vordere Einschnürung und eine mittlere Einschnürung auf, wobei durch die vordere Einschnürung eine Drallkammer gebildet wird und durch die mittlere Einschnürung die Brennkammer in eine vorne liegende Reaktionskammer und in eine hintere Verdampfungskammer unterteilt ist.The device disclosed in DE-A-2808690 is designed in almost the same way. In this case, hot steam is generated in a combustion chamber, which is pressed into an already exploited oil deposit so that the oil still present there becomes thinner and can be extracted. This device is not to be regarded as a burner for stoichiometric combustion, but instead of hydrogen, oxygen and a fuel, a hot gas is generated in a combustion chamber and supplied to the oil deposit. The combustion chamber indeed has a front constriction and a central constriction, a swirl chamber being formed by the front constriction and the combustion chamber being subdivided into a reaction chamber at the front and a rear evaporation chamber through the central constriction.

Als Drosseln sind diese Einschnürungen nicht wirksam, vielmehr sollen der tangential zugeführte Sauerstoff und das Wasser in eine Rotationsbewegung versetzt werden. Auch der über die Dralldüse eingespritzte Brennstoff soll diese Bewegung annehmen.These constrictions are not effective as throttles, but rather the tangentially supplied oxygen and the water are to be set in a rotational movement. The fuel injected via the swirl nozzle should also accept this movement.

Bei dem Brenner nach der GB-A-1 022 122 wird die Verbrennungsluft über Bohrungen gleichbleibenden Querschnittes in den sich erweiternden Teil der Mischkammer tangential eingespritzt. Dadurch entsteht wiederum ein Drall und das zu verbrennende Gemisch wird in Rotation versetzt.In the burner according to GB-A-1 022 122, the combustion air is injected tangentially into the widening part of the mixing chamber through holes of constant cross-section. This in turn creates a swirl and the mixture to be burned is set in rotation.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen Brenner zur stöchiometrischen Verbrennung flüssiger oder gasförmiger Brennstoffe der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der unabhängig von der jeweiligen Kesselgrösse und Kesselkonstruktion ist und der dennoch eine stets vollständige Verbrennung des zugeführten Brennstoffes und somit eine hohe Energieausbeute bei geringem Schadstoffanteil gewährleistet. Der dazu erforderliche Bauaufwand soll äusserst gering sein, so dass auch eine wirtschaftliche Fertigung gegeben ist, vor allem aber sollen keine Rotationsbewegungen der Verbrennungsgase auftreten und der Brenner soll nach Inbetriebnahme sofort voll funktionsfähig und in einem grossen Bereich, ohne dass die Verbrennung ungünstig beeinflusst wird und Verkokungen auftreten, regelbar sein. Des weiteren sollen die Betriebsgeräusche gering gehalten werden und es soll ohne Schwierigkeiten möglich sein, bestehende Anlagen in entsprechender Weise umzurüsten.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a burner for the stoichiometric combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels of the type mentioned at the outset, which is independent of the respective boiler size and boiler construction and which nevertheless always completely burns the fuel supplied and thus a high energy yield with a low pollutant content guaranteed. The construction effort required for this should be extremely low, so that there is also economical production, but above all there should be no rotational movements of the combustion gases and the burner should be fully functional and in a large area immediately after commissioning, without the combustion being adversely affected and Coking occurs, can be regulated. Furthermore, the operating noise should be kept low and it should be possible to convert existing systems in a corresponding manner without difficulty.

Gemäss der Erfindung wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die Drossel durch eine im Längsschnitt dreieckförmig gestaltete auf der Innenwandung des Flammrohres umlaufend angebrachte Verdickung mit gegeneinander geneigten, jeweils einen Kegelstumpf als einen Teil der Eingangsöffnung einschliessenden Innenmantelflächen gebildet ist, die in dem aneinanderstossenden Bereich über eine Ausrundung ineinander übergehen, und dass die Zerstäuberdüse im Bereich des engsten Querschnittes der Drossel angeordnet ist.According to the invention, this is achieved in that the throttle is formed by a thickening which is triangular in the longitudinal section and which is circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the flame tube and has mutually inclined inner circumferential surfaces each enclosing a truncated cone as part of the inlet opening, which is rounded off in the adjoining area merge into one another, and that the atomizer nozzle is arranged in the region of the narrowest cross section of the throttle.

Um je nach Leistung die Luftgeschwindigkeiten konstant zu halten, kann die Zerstäuberdüse in Achsrichtung verstellbar in der Drossel angeordnet werden.In order to keep the air velocities constant depending on the output, the atomizer nozzle can be arranged in the throttle adjustable in the axial direction.

Die Verdickung kann in einfacher Weise in das Flammrohr eingeformt oder in dieses eingesetzt werden.The thickening can be easily molded into the flame tube or inserted into it.

Der Neigungswinkel der dem Luftzuführungsrohr zugekehrten Innenmantelfläche der Verdikkung sollte zur Längsachse des Flammrohres grösser bemesen sein als der Neigungswinkel der der Brennkammer zugekehrten Innenmantelfläche, wobei die Neigungswinkel etwa 35 bis 55° bzw. 25 bis 45° betragen sollten. Ausserdem sollte der von der der Brennkammer zugekehrten Innenmantelfläche der Verdickung begrenzte Bereich etwa 1/3-1/6 der Länge der Brennkammer entsprechen. Auf diese Weise werden günstige Strömungsverhältnisse in der Eingangsöffnung und der Brennkammer erzielt.The angle of inclination of the inner jacket surface of the thickening facing the air supply pipe should be larger than the angle of inclination of the inner jacket surface facing the combustion chamber, the angle of inclination being approximately 35 to 55 ° or 25 to 45 °. Furthermore, should the side facing the combustion chamber from the inner surface area from about 1/3 1/6 correspond to the thickening limited portion of the length of the combustion chamber. In this way, favorable flow conditions in the inlet opening and the combustion chamber are achieved.

Die Drossel bzw. die diese bildende Verdickung kann ferner mit einer parallel zur Längsachse des Flammrohres verlaufenden Freisparung zur Halterung der Zündelektrode des Brenners versehen sein, es ist aber auch möglich, die Zündelektrode zwischen der Düse und der Drossel anzuordnen. Die in der Verschlussplatte des Flammrohres eingearbeiteten Austrittsöffnungen sind in einfacher Ausgestaltung als auf konzentrischen Lochkreisen angeordnete Bohrungen mit vorzugsweise kreisförmigem Querschnitt auszubilden, wobei die Bohrungen eines Lochkreises jeweils den gleichen Innendurchmesser aufweisen sollten. Ist die Verschlussplatte mit auf zwei Lochkreisen angeordneten Bohrungen unterschiedlichen Durchmessers versehen, sollten die auf dem inneren Lochkreis angeordneten Bohrungen in ihrem Innendurchmesser kleiner bemessen sein als die auf dem äusseren Lochkreis angeordneten Bohrungen.The throttle or the thickening forming it can also be provided with a cutout running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flame tube for holding the ignition electrode of the burner, but it is also possible to arrange the ignition electrode between the nozzle and the throttle. The outlet openings incorporated in the closure plate of the flame tube are to be designed in a simple embodiment as bores arranged on concentric circles of holes, preferably with a circular cross section, the bores of a circle of holes each having the same inside diameter. If the closure plate is provided with bores of different diameters arranged on two bolt circles, the bores arranged on the inner bolt circle should be dimensioned smaller in their inner diameter than the bores arranged on the outer bolt circle.

Um die axiale Länge der Brennkammer auf einfache Weise verändern zu können, sollte nach einer Weiterbildung die Verschlussplatte in Achsrichtung des Flammrohres verstellbar in dieses eingesetzt sein.In order to be able to change the axial length of the combustion chamber in a simple manner, according to a further development, the closure plate should be insertable into the flame tube in the axial direction thereof.

Ferner ist es zur Begünstigung der Rezirkulation in der Brennkammer angebracht, die Verschlussplatte auf der nach innen gekehrten Seite kegelig, vorzugsweise spiegelbildlich zu der gegenüberliegenden Innenwandung der Verdickung auszubilden.Furthermore, in order to promote recirculation in the combustion chamber, it is appropriate to design the closure plate as conical on the side facing inwards, preferably as a mirror image of the opposite inner wall of the thickened portion.

Das Flammrohr, die Verdickung und die Verschlussplatte können in wirtschaftlicher Weise einstückig aus Keramik-Werkstoff, aus feuerfestem Beton oder dgl. hergestellt werden.The flame tube, the thickening and the sealing plate can be economically produced in one piece from ceramic material, from refractory concrete or the like.

Der gemäss der Erfindung ausgebildete Brenner zur stöchiometrischen Verbrennung flüssiger oder gasförmiger Brennstoffe ist nicht nur einfach in der konstruktiven Ausgestaltung und somit ohne Schwierigkeiten zu fertigen, sondern die vorschlagsgemässe Ausgestaltung ermöglicht vor allem auch eine stets vollkommene Verbrennung, ohne dass sich dabei Russ bildet und ohne dass eine Verkokung auftritt. Wird nämlich bei einem Brenner der eingangs genannten Gattung die Drossel durch eine auf der Innenwandung des Flammrohres angebrachte Verdickung mit gegeneinander geneigten Innenmantelflächen gebildet, die über eine Ausrundung ineinander übergehen und wird die Zerstäuberdüse im Bereich des engsten Querschnittes der Drossel angeordnet, so wird die Verbrennungsluft mit ausserordentlich grosser Geschwindigkeit unmittelbar der Zerstäuberdüse zugeführt und in der durch das Flammrohr gebildeten Brennkammer geleitet und umgelenkt, so dass in dieser eine Rezirkulation aber keine Rotation stattfindet und durch die dem zerstäubten Brennstoff zuströmenden heissen Gase eine vollständige Verbrennung und damit ein vollkommener Ausbrand des Brennstoffes erfolgt. Durch die im Bereich der Zerstäuberdüse vorgesehenen Drossel wird hierbei die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Verbrennungsluft stark erhöht, der aus der Zerstäuberdüse austretende Brennstoff wird von dieser mitgerissen und in dem Innenraum des Flammrohres durch die rezirkulierenden heissen Gase verdampft und gleichmässig verteilt. Der Innenraum des Flammrohres bildet somit eine geschlossene Brennkammer, an den Austrittsöffnungen der Trennwand treten demnach zusammen mit den heissen Abgasen nur noch Flammenspitzen aus. Da die Betriebstemperatur ausserordentlich hoch ist, ist auch ein hoher Wirkungsgrad gegeben. Die durch die Verbrennung umgewandelte Wärmeenergie des Brennstoffes wird durch die abströmenden heissen Gase und durch die Abstrahlung von dem erhitzten Flammrohr abgegeben.The burner designed according to the invention for the stoichiometric combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels is not only simple to construct and thus to be manufactured without difficulties, but the proposed design also enables, above all, always perfect combustion without soot forming and without coking occurs. If, in a burner of the type mentioned at the outset, the throttle is formed by a thickening on the inner wall of the flame tube with mutually inclined inner lateral surfaces which merge into one another via a fillet, and if the atomizer nozzle is arranged in the region of the narrowest cross section of the throttle, the combustion air is also included extraordinarily high speed is fed directly to the atomizer nozzle and directed and deflected in the combustion chamber formed by the flame tube, so that there is no recirculation but rotation and the hot gases flowing to the atomized fuel cause complete combustion and thus complete combustion of the fuel. Due to the throttle provided in the area of the atomizer nozzle, the flow rate of the combustion air is greatly increased, the fuel emerging from the atomizer nozzle is entrained by it and vaporized in the interior of the flame tube by the recirculating hot gases and distributed evenly. The interior of the flame tube thus forms a closed combustion chamber, so that only the tips of the flame emerge at the outlet openings of the partition wall together with the hot exhaust gases. Since the operating temperature is extremely high, there is also a high degree of efficiency. The heat energy of the fuel converted by the combustion is released by the hot gases flowing off and by the radiation from the heated flame tube.

Ein in dieser Weise ausgebildeter Brenner ist unabhängig von der jeweiligen Kesselkonstruktion und dessen Feuerraum, auch wirkt die Verschlussplatte als Schalldämpfer, so dass ein Einsatz nahezu überall möglich ist. Ausserdem können vorhandene Brenner auf sehr einfache Weise umgerüstet werden, da an deren Luftzuführungsrohr lediglich das entsprechend ausgebildete Flammrohr anzuschliessen ist. Und da aufgrund der guten Rezirkulation der heissen Gase in der Brennkammer die vollkommene Verbrennung unmittelbar nach Einschalten des Brenners gegeben ist, ist dieser auch sofort betriebsbereit.A burner designed in this way is independent of the respective boiler construction and its combustion chamber, and the closing plate also acts as a silencer, so that it can be used almost anywhere. In addition, existing burners can be converted in a very simple manner, since only the correspondingly designed flame tube is to be connected to their air supply tube. And since, due to the good recirculation of the hot gases in the combustion chamber, the combustion is complete immediately after the burner is switched on, it is immediately ready for operation.

Des weiteren ist von erheblicher Bedeutung, dass der erfindungsgemäss ausgebildete Brenner, ohne dass bauliche Veränderungen vorzunehmen sind, in einem grossen Bereich regelbar und somit leicht an die jeweiligen Gegebenheiten anpassbar ist. Über die Menge der zugeführten Verbrennungsluft und/oder des Brennstoffes, in dem beispielsweise der Druck der Ölförderpumpe verändert wird, kann dies ohne Schwierigkeiten bewerkstelligt werden, ein vielseitiger Einsatz bei einfacher Handhabung und störungsfreier Betriebsweise ist demnach gegeben, zumal eine Änderung des Kaminzuges bzw. des Kesseldrukkes auf die Verbrennung fast keinen Einfluss mehr ausüben.Furthermore, it is of considerable importance that the burner designed according to the invention can be regulated over a wide range without structural changes having to be carried out and can therefore be easily adapted to the respective circumstances. The amount of combustion air and / or the fuel supplied, for example, by changing the pressure of the oil feed pump, can be done without difficulty.A versatile use with simple handling and trouble-free operation is therefore given, especially since the chimney draft or the Kesseldrukkes have almost no influence on the combustion.

Die erfindungsgemässe Ausgestaltung ermöglicht es somit, da durch die Rezirkulation heisser Gase der Brennstoff mit der Verbrennungsluft gut gemischt und vergast wird, eine totale, russfreie Verbrennung und demnach auch eine hohe Energieausbeute. Und da im Abgas kein Russ und keine Ölderivate vorhanden sind und der Anteil an Kohlenmonoxyd und Kohlenwasserstoffen äusserst gering ist, ist bei dauerhafter Verbrennungsgüte auch eine hohe Umweltfreundlichkeit gegeben.The configuration according to the invention thus makes it possible, since the recirculation of hot gases causes the fuel to be mixed and gasified well with the combustion air, for total, soot-free combustion and accordingly also for a high energy yield. And since there is no soot and no oil derivatives in the exhaust gas and the proportion of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons is low is extremely low, there is also a high level of environmental friendliness with long-term combustion quality.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des gemäss der Erfindung ausgebildeten Brenners zur stöchiometrischen Verbrennung flüssiger oder gasförmiger Brennstoffe dargestellt und nachfolgend im einzelnen erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 den mit einem in besonderer Weise ausgebildeten Flammrohr versehenen Brenner in einem Axialschnitt und
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach der Linie 11-11 der Fig. 1.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the burner designed according to the invention for the stoichiometric combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels is shown and explained in detail below. Here show:
  • Fig. 1 the burner provided with a specially designed flame tube in an axial section and
  • 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1st

Der in Fig. 1 mit 1 bezeichnete Brenner zur Verbrennung von Heizöl besteht aus einer mit einer Zerstäuberdüse 3 versehenen Brennstoffzuleitung 2 und einem diese konzentrisch umgebenden Luftzuführungsrohr 4, in dessen Ringkanal 5 von einem nicht dargestellten Ventilator erzeugte Verbrennungsluft der Zerstäuberdüse 3, die in Achsrichtung verstellbar angeordnet sein kann und der eine Zündelektrode 6 zugeordnet ist, zuströmt.The burner designated 1 in Fig. 1 for the combustion of heating oil consists of a fuel supply line 2 provided with an atomizing nozzle 3 and an air supply pipe 4 concentrically surrounding it, in the annular duct 5 of which combustion air of the atomizing nozzle 3 generated by a fan (not shown), which is adjustable in the axial direction can be arranged and to which an ignition electrode 6 is assigned flows.

Um eine Verbrennung unter stöchiometrischen Bedingungen zu erzielen, ist an die Luftzuführungsleitung 4 mittels zweier Flansche 7 und 18, die durch Schrauben 8 miteinander verbunden sind, ein Flammrohr 11 aus einem Werkstoff mit einer hohen Wärmespeicherkapazität befestigt, in das die Zerstäuberdüse 3 hineinragt. Die Eingangsöffnung 13 des eine Brennkammer 12 bildenden Flammrohres 11 ist mit einer Drossel 14 versehen, durch die die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der zugeführten Verbrennungsluft in einem starken Masse erhöht wird. Das der Drossel 14 gegenüberliegende Ende des Flammrohres 11 weist dagegen eine Verschlussplatte 15 auf, in die eine grössere Anzahl von Austrittsöffnungen 16 und 16' eingearbeitet sind.In order to achieve combustion under stoichiometric conditions, a flame tube 11 made of a material with a high heat storage capacity, into which the atomizing nozzle 3 projects, is attached to the air supply line 4 by means of two flanges 7 and 18, which are connected by screws 8. The inlet opening 13 of the flame tube 11 forming a combustion chamber 12 is provided with a throttle 14, through which the flow rate of the supplied combustion air is increased to a great extent. The end of the flame tube 11 opposite the throttle 14, on the other hand, has a closure plate 15, into which a larger number of outlet openings 16 and 16 'are incorporated.

Die Austrittsöffnungen 16 und 16' liegen hierbei, wie dies in Fig. dargestellt ist, auf konzentrischen Lochkreisen a und a' und sind als Bohrungen mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt ausgebildet. Ausserdem sind die innenliegenden Austrittsöffnungen 16' in ihrem Durchmesser kleiner bemessen als die auf dem Lochkreis a angeordneten Austrittsöffnungen 16. Um die Rezirkulation der heissen Gase zu begünstigen, kann die Innenwand der Verschlussplatte 15, wie dies strichpunktiert eingezeichnet ist, mit einer kegeligen Fläche 17 versehen werden.The outlet openings 16 and 16 'lie here, as shown in Fig., On concentric circles a and a' and are designed as bores with a circular cross-section. In addition, the inner outlet openings 16 'are dimensioned smaller in diameter than the outlet openings 16 arranged on the hole circle a. In order to promote the recirculation of the hot gases, the inner wall of the closure plate 15 can be provided with a conical surface 17, as shown in broken lines will.

Die Drossel 14 ist bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine in das Flammrohr 11 eingeformte, im Längsschnitt dreieckförmige Verdickung 21 ausgebildet, deren kegelige Innenmantelflächen 22 und 23 entgegengesetzt zueinander geneigt verlaufen und durch eine Ausrundung 24 ineinander übergehen. Ausserdem ist in die Verdickung 21 eine parallel zur Längsachse A des Flammrohres 11 verlaufende Freisparung 25 zur Halterung der Zündelektroden 6 eingearbeitet.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the throttle 14 is formed by a thickening 21 formed in the flame tube 11 and triangular in longitudinal section, the conical inner lateral surfaces 22 and 23 of which are inclined opposite to one another and merge into one another by a fillet 24. In addition, a recess 25 running parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the flame tube 11 for holding the ignition electrodes 6 is incorporated into the thickening 21.

Durch die unter einem Winkel a von ca. 45° zur Längsachse A des Flammrohres 11 geneigte Innenmantelfläche 22 wird die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der der Zerstäuberdüse 3, die derart in das Flammrohr 11 hineinragend angeordnet ist, dass deren Austrittsöffnung im Bereich der Ausrundung 24 liegt, zugeführte Verbrennungsluft in einem erheblichen Masse beschleunigt und unmittelbar auf die Zerstäuberdüse 3 gerichtet. Der aus dieser austretende Verbrennungstrahl wird hierbei mitgerissen und in der nahzu geschlossenen Brennkammer 12 des Flammrohres 11 durch die zwangläufig gegebene Rezirkulation gleichmässig verteilt und vergast, so dass in dieser ein vollkommener Ausbrand erfolgt und an den Austrittsöffnungen 16, 16' der Verschlussplatte 15 lediglich noch blaue Flammenspitzen herauszüngeln. Die Rezirkulation der heissen Gase wird hierbei durch die unter einem Winkel ß von 35° zur Längsachse A des Flammrohres 11 geneigte Innenmantelfläche 23 der Verdickung 21 begünstigt.The flow velocity of the combustion air supplied to the atomizing nozzle 3, which projects into the flame tube 11 in such a way that its outlet opening lies in the area of the fillet 24, is supplied by the inner circumferential surface 22 inclined at an angle a of approximately 45 ° to the longitudinal axis A of the flame tube 11 accelerated to a considerable extent and aimed directly at the atomizing nozzle 3. The combustion jet emerging from this is entrained and evenly distributed and gasified in the almost closed combustion chamber 12 of the flame tube 11 by the inevitably given recirculation, so that there is a complete burnout and only blue ones at the outlet openings 16, 16 'of the closure plate 15 Flick out the tips of flames. The recirculation of the hot gases is favored by the inner jacket surface 23 of the thickened portion 21, which is inclined at an angle β of 35 ° to the longitudinal axis A of the flame tube 11.

Durch die gute Verbrennung ist somit eine hohe Betriebstemperatur und ein guter Wirkungsgrad gegeben, auch werden durch die Verschlussplatte die Betriebsgeräusche gedämpft und der Brenner 1 ist unmittelbar nach Inbetriebnahme voll funktionsfähig und nahezu überall einsetzbar.Due to the good combustion, a high operating temperature and a high degree of efficiency are provided, the operating noise is also dampened by the sealing plate and the burner 1 is fully functional immediately after start-up and can be used almost anywhere.

Claims (14)

1. Burner for the stoichiometric combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel comprising a fuel line (2) having a spray nozzle (3), an air tube (4) surrounding the fuel line which air tube is adapted to feed combustion air from a fan to the spray nozzle (3) and having a combustion tube (11) shaping the combustion chamber (12) and being connected to the air tube which combustion tube is made from a material having high temperature storing capacity, the end of which combustion tube facing the air tube (4) has an inlet opening (13) with a throttle (14) and to the opposite end of the combustion tube a cover plate (15) with a number of outlet openings (16, 16') is inserted, characterized in that the throttle (14) is shaped as a thickening (21) having in longitudinal section a triangular configuration and situated around the inner wall of the combustion tube (11) which thickening has inner wall surfaces (22, 23) each of which surrounding a truncated cone as a part of the inlet opening (13) respectively which inner wall surfaces merge in a concatenation region via a rounded region (24), and that the spray nozzle (3) is located where the throttle has its narrowest opening.
2. Burner of claim 1, characterized in that the spray nozzle (3) is in the direction of the longitudinal axis adjustably located in the throttle (14).
3. Burner of one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickening (21) is part of the combustion tube (11) or inserted into same.
4. Burner of one of the claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the angle of inclination (a) between the inner wall surface (22) of the thickening (21) facing the air tube (4) and the longitudinal axis.(A) of the combustion tube (11) is bigger than the angle of inclination (β) of the inner wall surface (23) facing the combustion chamber (12).
5. Burner of claim 4, characterized in that the thickening's (21) inner wall surface (22) facing the air tube (4) is inclined with an angle a of 35-55° compared with the longitudinal axis (A) of the combustion tube (11).
6. Burner of claim 4, characterized in that the thickening's (21) inner wall surface (23) facing the combustion chamber (12) is inclined with an angle (3 of 25-45° compared with the longitudinal axis (A) of the combustion tube (11).
7. Burner of one of the claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the region limited by the thickening's (21) inner wall surface (23) facing the combustion chamber (12) has 1/3 to % of the combustion chamber's (12) length.
8. Burner of one of the claims 1 through 7, characterized in that the throttle or the thickening (21) shaping same has a hole (25) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the combustion tube (11) in order to hold the ignition electrode (6) of the burner (1).
9. Burner of one or more of the claims 1 through 8, characterized in that the outlet openings (16, 16') in the cover plate (15) of the combustion tube (15) are shaped as preferably round bores concentrically located on hole circles (a, a').
10. Burner of claim 9, characterized in that all bores (16, 16') on same hole circle (a, a') have the same diameter.
11. Burner of claim 10, characterized in that the cover plate (15) is provided with bores (16, 16') being located on different hole circles and having different diameters, whereby those bores (16') located on the inner hole circle (a') have smaller diameters than those bores (16) on the outer hole circle (a).
12. Burner of one of the claims 1 through 11, characterized in that the cover plate (15) is in the direction of the longitudinal axis (A) of the combustion tube (11) adjustably inserted into same.
13. Burner of one of the claims 1 through 12, characterized in that the cover plate (15) is conical shaped at its side facing the combustion chamber (12), preferably like a reflected image of the opposing inner wall surface (23) of the thickening (21).
14. Burner of one of the claims 1 through 13, characterized in that the combustion tube (11), the thickening (21) and the cover plate (15) are one single part made from ceramic material, fire resistant concrete or the like.
EP84100182A 1983-01-14 1984-01-10 Burner for the stoichiometric combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel Expired EP0114610B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84100182T ATE33301T1 (en) 1983-01-14 1984-01-10 BURNERS FOR THE STOICHIOMETRIC COMBUSTION OF LIQUID OR GASEOUS FUELS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3301083 1983-01-14
DE19833301083 DE3301083A1 (en) 1983-01-14 1983-01-14 BURNER FOR STOECHIOMETRIC COMBUSTION OF LIQUID OR GASEOUS FUELS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0114610A1 EP0114610A1 (en) 1984-08-01
EP0114610B1 true EP0114610B1 (en) 1988-03-30

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ID=6188298

Family Applications (1)

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EP84100182A Expired EP0114610B1 (en) 1983-01-14 1984-01-10 Burner for the stoichiometric combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel

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EP (1) EP0114610B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE33301T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3301083A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4230778C2 (en) * 1992-09-15 1997-03-20 Man B & W Diesel Ag Flame tube for a burner for burning a liquid or gaseous fuel
AT501141B8 (en) * 2003-03-05 2007-02-15 Soellinger Johann BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL, ESPECIALLY PLANT OIL
DE102006012168B4 (en) * 2006-03-14 2009-05-07 Gvp Gesellschaft Zur Vermarktung Der Porenbrennertechnik Mbh Burner for combustion of liquid fuel
CN110986035B (en) * 2019-12-10 2022-02-25 清远市精旺环保设备有限公司 Multi-parameter self-adaptive combustor

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB934178A (en) * 1959-07-20 1963-08-14 Alfred Edward Moore Improvements relating to oil burners
GB1022122A (en) * 1961-08-31 1966-03-09 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Gun-type oil burner
DE1266433B (en) * 1962-10-26 1968-04-18 Optimal Oelfeuerungsmaschb G M Oil gasification burner
DE1551732A1 (en) * 1962-11-23 1970-04-02 Otto Goldmann Oil gasification burner with fan
FR1591886A (en) * 1968-11-15 1970-05-04
US3762390A (en) * 1972-03-08 1973-10-02 Glass Lined Water Heater Co Oil-fired, infrared heater
US4021191A (en) * 1972-10-30 1977-05-03 Aqua-Chem, Inc. Reduction of pollutants in gaseous hydrocarbon combustion products
DE2808690C2 (en) * 1978-03-01 1983-11-17 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Device for generating superheated steam for the extraction of petroleum
DE2810193A1 (en) * 1978-03-09 1979-09-13 Walter Swoboda Liquid fuel burner with evaporation system - has baffle plates to prevent turbulent flame and to evaporate fuel by hot combustion products

Also Published As

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DE3301083A1 (en) 1984-07-19
ATE33301T1 (en) 1988-04-15
EP0114610A1 (en) 1984-08-01
DE3470208D1 (en) 1988-05-05

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