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EP0107030B1 - Method and apparatus for electrostatically coating objects with fluids - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for electrostatically coating objects with fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0107030B1
EP0107030B1 EP83109256A EP83109256A EP0107030B1 EP 0107030 B1 EP0107030 B1 EP 0107030B1 EP 83109256 A EP83109256 A EP 83109256A EP 83109256 A EP83109256 A EP 83109256A EP 0107030 B1 EP0107030 B1 EP 0107030B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
globe
displacement body
coated
spray
cavity
Prior art date
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Expired
Application number
EP83109256A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0107030A3 (en
EP0107030A2 (en
Inventor
Roland-Andreas Meisner
Gerd Rüdiger Dr. Kissau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF Farben und Fasern AG
Original Assignee
BASF Lacke und Farben AG
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Publication date
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Application filed by BASF Lacke und Farben AG filed Critical BASF Lacke und Farben AG
Priority to AT83109256T priority Critical patent/ATE31639T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • B05B5/0536—Dimensional characteristics of electrodes, e.g. diameter or radius of curvature of a needle-like corona electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0403—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • B05B5/0407—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member with a spraying edge, e.g. like a cup or a bell

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for electrostatically coating objects with fluids according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for electrostatically coating objects with fluids according to the preamble of claim 13, claim 14 and claim 16.
  • bell atomizers For applying fluids, e.g. Lacquers, high-speed, so-called bell atomizers are used, which in their inner part act like a turbo machine due to their design, i.e. they suck in gas from the surrounding atmosphere, redirect it and transport it back outwards, so that a torus vortex is created inside and in front of the bell cavity.
  • the gas contains particles, e.g. B. lacquer particle oak, which are deposited on the hub plate of the bell atomizer and lead to contamination of this hub plate. Since the separated particles are not or only poorly flowable, burrs rich in solids grow on the hub plate, which after a short time - depending on their size - are thrown off the hub plate, get into the paint film guided by the bell atomizer and apply to the coating to be coated or coated object to be painted and cause considerable surface defects here. This process of soiling the hub plate and tearing off these separated burrs takes place very quickly, so that a painting process cannot usually be ended without the above-mentioned surface defects occurring.
  • particles e.g. B. lacquer particle oak
  • a generic device for electrostatically coating objects with color is known from DE-OS 32 01 753.
  • the actual spray bell consists of a single piece of material, for example an aluminum alloy, and a high potential is applied to the spray bell via a shaft.
  • the hub plate is set back with respect to the rim of the bell and the fastening device for the drive shaft is provided in the center of this hub plate, this fastening device protruding towards the front of the front face of the hub plate.
  • a reference that such a "projecting forward" is important is not to be found in this literature reference.
  • the toroidal vortex created by the formation of the spray bell inside and in front of the bell cavity transports color particles onto the hub plate and to the inside of the spray bell
  • the protruding part has such a large electrical radius in the known device that no corona discharge can occur and thus the condition of the uniformity of the particle charge and the bell charge can be met in order to utilize electrical forces close.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device and a method for applying fluids with rapid evaporation behavior by means of a high-speed rotary bell, wherein the effect of the torus vortex and thus the contamination of the hub plate of the high-speed rotary bell is switched off.
  • a method is proposed which is characterized in that an electric field is generated in front of the bell cavity of the spray bell via a body which is electrically connected to the spray bell.
  • Another proposal according to the invention provides that in the area of the outside a a magnetic field is generated in front of the cavity of the spray bell.
  • a further proposal according to the invention provides that the aforementioned body is designed as an aerodynamic displacement body, which causes a flow around the particles flowing back in the torus vertebra.
  • the invention proposes to avoid the impact separation (separation by inertial forces) of already largely evaporated paint particles on the high-speed rotary bell in that the trajectory of the paint particles returning to the high-speed rotary bell in the region of the torus vortex is caused by electrical or magnetic or aerodynamic forces or by the Combination of the aforementioned forces is affected.
  • each of these three aforementioned options or the combination of one or more of the aforementioned options leads to high-rotation bells, with which fluids with fast evaporation behavior, e.g. B. base metallic paints, can be applied without causing contamination of the hub plate and thus tearing off these separated dirt particles from the hub plate, which would lead to disturbances in the surface of the object to be coated.
  • fluids with fast evaporation behavior e.g. B. base metallic paints
  • the spray and high rotation bell is known to be due to high voltage. This is necessary to charge the paint and to transport the sprayed paint particles to the object to be coated.
  • An aerodynamic body is attached in front of the high-speed bell, which is firmly connected to the bell in an electrically conductive manner and is therefore at the same voltage potential as the high-speed bell.
  • the particles flying back in the torus vortex either have a charge of the same polarity as the high-rotation bell or they have an opposite polarity or they are uncharged. All three possibilities can occur in the back flowing particle cloud.
  • the body in front of the high-speed rotary bell and arranged on it in a rotationally fixed manner is designed such that it flies back at a point through which the paint particles, which are preferably separated, the local field strength reaches or exceeds the breakdown field strength in the surrounding gas, so that charges are emitted .
  • the particles flying back are charged further in this charge cloud or - if the opposite polarity was originally present - reloaded.
  • Incoming uncharged particles are recharged.
  • the geometrical contour of the aerodynamic displacement body is designed in such a way that the gas flows around this body in such a way that the approaching paint particles do not have the possibility of penetrating the flow boundary layer
  • the path lines of the paint particles can also be influenced by applying an auxiliary gas flow to the aerodynamic body against the direction of the approaching paint particles, which deflects the torus vortex flow away from the contour.
  • an applied gas flow can be achieved on the entire contour of the aerodynamic body.
  • the resulting drag forces push the particles away from the aerodynamic body.
  • the individual forces or the resulting force from the combinations of these individual forces ensures that paint particles that are approaching do not hit the surface of the body and thus no contamination of the body occurs and the surface defects in the paint object to be feared up to now are thus avoided with certainty.
  • 1 denotes the bell body of a high-speed rotary bell, this bell body 1 made of an electrically conductive material, e.g. Aluminum.
  • the hub plate of this bell body 1 is designated 10.
  • the paint is supplied via a feed line 11 to the rear of the hub plate 10.
  • the paint film is passed through corresponding through-openings 12 in the hub plate to the inside of the rotary bell and spun off from the outer edge of the rotary bell, as is particularly clearly shown in FIG. 5.
  • An electrode needle 6 (FIG. 6) or an aerodynamically shaped displacer body 3 is fixed on the hub plate 10 via a receiving device 2 and is thereby connected in an electrically conductive manner to the high-speed rotary bell.
  • the receiving device 2 for connecting the electrode needle 6 or the displacer 3 with the hub plate 10 must consist of an electrically conductive material.
  • the displacer body 3 can be hollow, the cavity thus created can be filled by spacers 4 made of magnetic material.
  • An electrode needle 6 made of an electrically conductive material is arranged at the tip of the displacer body 3 or, as shown in FIG. 2, the displacer body is formed at its tip in such a way that the electrode needle 6 is created by shaping.
  • a magnet 8 is installed in the interior of the displacement body as a permanent magnet.
  • the displacer body is designed such that an auxiliary gas flow A is applied to the outside of the displacer body 3 with the support of the gas-free jet, which is directed towards the object to be coated and which leads to a deflection of the torus vortex flow, which is shown at 9 in Fig. 3.
  • the outside of the displacer 3 has the contour of a parabola, while in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 the displacer 3 has the outside contour of an inverted parabola.
  • the aerodynamic flow lines have the reference symbol X, the magnetic field lines the reference symbol Y and the electrical field lines the reference symbol Z.
  • the high-rotation bell can, for example, be at 90 kV high DC voltage and the radius of the electrode needle 6 can be 1 mm. Then a field strength of 90 kV / mm arises. Since the breakthrough field strength in air is only 3 kV / mm, the high field strength of 90 kV / mm does not arise, but a charge current arises which leads to the counter potential, i. H. For example, a vehicle body to be coated is directed and thereby generates the charge cloud.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Überziehen von Gegenständen mit fluiden gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 und ein Verfahren zum elektrostatischen Überziehen von Gegenständen mit Fluiden gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 13, des Anspruches 14 und des Anspruches 16.The invention relates to a device for electrostatically coating objects with fluids according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for electrostatically coating objects with fluids according to the preamble of claim 13, claim 14 and claim 16.

Zum Applizieren von Fluiden, z.B. Lacken, werden schnellaufende, sogenannte Glockenzerstäuber eingesetzt, die im inneren Teil aufgrund ihrer Ausbildung wie eine Turbomaschine wirken, d.h. sie saugen aus der umgebenden Atmosphäre Gas an, lenken dieses um und transportieren es wieder nach aussen, so dass innerhalb und vor dem Glockenhohlraum ein Toruswirbel entsteht.For applying fluids, e.g. Lacquers, high-speed, so-called bell atomizers are used, which in their inner part act like a turbo machine due to their design, i.e. they suck in gas from the surrounding atmosphere, redirect it and transport it back outwards, so that a torus vortex is created inside and in front of the bell cavity.

Bei der Applikation von Fluiden mit schnellem Abdunstverhalten, z. B. den heute in grossem Umfang Einsatz findenden sogenannten Metallic-Basislacken, enthält das Gas Partikelchen, z. B. Lackpartikeichen, die an der Nabenplatte des Glockenzerstäubers abgeschieden werden und zu einer Verschmutzung dieser Nabenplatte führen. Da die abgeschiedenen Partikelchen nicht oder nur noch schlecht fliessfähig sind, wachsen auf der Nabenplatte feststoffreiche Grate, die nach einer kurzen Zeit - abhängig von ihrer Grösse - von der Nabenplatte abgeschleudert werden, in den von dem Glockenzerstäuber geführten Lackfilm geraten und auf das zu beschichtende bzw. zu lackierende Objekt geraten und hier erhebliche Oberflächenstörungen hervorrufen. Dieser Vorgang der Verschmutzung der Nabenplatte und das Abreissen dieser abgeschiedenen Grate erfolgt sehr schnell, so dass ein Lackiervorgang üblicherweise nicht beendet werden kann, ohne dass es zu den vorerwähnten Oberflächenstörungen kommt.When applying fluids with fast evaporation behavior, e.g. B. the so-called metallic basecoats used on a large scale today, the gas contains particles, e.g. B. lacquer particle oak, which are deposited on the hub plate of the bell atomizer and lead to contamination of this hub plate. Since the separated particles are not or only poorly flowable, burrs rich in solids grow on the hub plate, which after a short time - depending on their size - are thrown off the hub plate, get into the paint film guided by the bell atomizer and apply to the coating to be coated or coated object to be painted and cause considerable surface defects here. This process of soiling the hub plate and tearing off these separated burrs takes place very quickly, so that a painting process cannot usually be ended without the above-mentioned surface defects occurring.

Bei Fluiden, z.B. Lacken, die ein langsames Abdunstverhalten haben, sind diese Partikelchen beim Auftreffen auf die Nabenplatte noch so feucht, dass ein Anhaften nicht erfolgt und die auf der Nabenplatte abgeschiedenen Lackpartikelchen unmittelbar auf der Nabenplatte radial beschleunigt werden und in den frisch dosierten Lackstrom hineingelangen, ohne dass es zu Materialansammlungen und damit zu Oberflächenstörungen auf dem zu lackierenden Gegenstand kommt.With fluids, e.g. Paints that have a slow evaporation behavior, these particles are still so moist when they hit the hub plate that they do not adhere and the paint particles deposited on the hub plate are accelerated radially on the hub plate and get into the freshly metered paint stream without it material accumulation and thus surface defects on the object to be painted occurs.

Bei hochviskosen oder niedrigviskosen Lacken oder Fluiden geben die Einrichtungen gemäss der DE-PS 30 05 677 bzw. der DE-OS 30 47 670 eine ausreichende Lösung. Für Lacke mit schnellem Abdunstverhalten, z.B. Metallic-Basislacken, geben diese bekannten Einrichtungen keine Anregung zur Vermeidung der vorstehend erläuterten Schwierigkeiten.In the case of high-viscosity or low-viscosity lacquers or fluids, the devices according to DE-PS 30 05 677 and DE-OS 30 47 670 provide an adequate solution. For paints with fast evaporation behavior, e.g. Metallic basecoats, these known devices give no suggestion to avoid the difficulties explained above.

Es ist aus der EP-A 32 391 bekanntgeworden, die Nabenplatte mit Frischlack über eine Bypassströmung zu benetzen. Diese Lösung neigt zu Verschmutzungen in der engen Bohrung, da ein solcher kleiner Durchmesser der Bohrung notwendig ist, um den Bypassstrom beim Durchtritt in Rotation zu versetzen. Um die Funktion des Bypasses sicherzustellen, benötigen diese Systeme eine zentrale Materialzufuhr und so ist es nicht möglich, für unverträgliche Fluide sowie für Lösungsmittel getrennte Zuführungskanäle anzubringen, so dass eine schneller Farbwechsel bei diesen bekannten Einrichtungen nur sehr beschränkt durchführbar ist. Auch treten bei der bekannten Lösung häufig sogenannte Farbverschleppungseffekte auf. Durch nicht ausreichende Spülung kann es zudem zu Verstopfungen in der Bohrung und damit zu Benetzungsstörungen der Nabenplatte kommen. Auch bei dieser bekannten Einrichtung kann darüberhinaus der Toruswirbel ein Zurückführen von Lackpartikelchen auf die Nabenplatte bewirken. Trotzdem die Nabenplatte angeblich mit Farbe überspült werden soll, kann es eintreten, dass die auf die Nabenplatte mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auftreffenden Partikelchen an der Nabenplatte festkleben und dann zu den gefürchteten Verunreinigungen führen.It has become known from EP-A 32 391 to wet the hub plate with fresh paint via a bypass flow. This solution tends to become contaminated in the narrow bore, since such a small diameter of the bore is necessary in order to set the bypass flow in rotation as it passes through. In order to ensure the function of the bypass, these systems require a central material supply and it is therefore not possible to provide separate supply channels for incompatible fluids and for solvents, so that a quick color change can only be carried out to a very limited extent with these known devices. So-called color carryover effects also frequently occur in the known solution. Inadequate flushing can also lead to blockages in the bore and thus to wetting of the hub plate. In addition, in this known device, the torus vortex can also cause paint particles to be returned to the hub plate. Despite the fact that the hub plate is supposed to be washed over with paint, it can happen that the particles hitting the hub plate at high speed stick to the hub plate and then lead to the feared impurities.

Eine gattungsbildende Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Überziehen von Gegenständen mit Farbe ist aus der DE-OS 32 01 753 bekannt. Hier besteht die eigentliche Sprühglocke aus einem einzigen Materialstück, beispielsweise einer Aluminiumlegierung und über eine Welle wird ein hohes Potential an die Sprühglocke angelegt. Die Nabenplatte ist gegenüber dem Glockenrand zurückversetzt und im Zentrum dieser Nabenplatte ist die Befestigungsvorrichtung für die Antriebswelle vorgesehen, wobei diese Befestigungsvorrichtung gegenüber der Vorderseite der Nabenplatte nach vorne hin vorsteht. Ein Hinweis, dass ein solches «Nach-Vorne-Vorstehen" von Bedeutung ist, ist dieser Literaturstelle nicht zu entnehmen. Der durch die Ausbildung der Sprühglocke innerhalb und vor dem Glockenhohlraum entstehende Toruswirbel transportiert Farbpartikelchen auf die Nabenplatte und an die Innenseite der Sprühglocke, die sich hier ansetzen können und zu den geschilderten Nachteilen führen müssen. Der vorspringende Teil hat bei der bekannten Einrichtung einen so grossen elektrischen Radius, dass keine Corona-Entladung entstehen kann und damit die Bedingung der Gleichmässigkeit von Partikelladung und Glockenladung erfüllbar ist, um elektrische Kräfte nutzbar zu machen.A generic device for electrostatically coating objects with color is known from DE-OS 32 01 753. Here the actual spray bell consists of a single piece of material, for example an aluminum alloy, and a high potential is applied to the spray bell via a shaft. The hub plate is set back with respect to the rim of the bell and the fastening device for the drive shaft is provided in the center of this hub plate, this fastening device protruding towards the front of the front face of the hub plate. A reference that such a "projecting forward" is important is not to be found in this literature reference. The toroidal vortex created by the formation of the spray bell inside and in front of the bell cavity transports color particles onto the hub plate and to the inside of the spray bell The protruding part has such a large electrical radius in the known device that no corona discharge can occur and thus the condition of the uniformity of the particle charge and the bell charge can be met in order to utilize electrical forces close.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Fluiden mit schnellem Abdunstverhalten mittels einer Hochrotationsglocke zu schaffen, wobei die Wirkung des Toruswirbels und damit das Verschmutzen der Nabenplatte der Hochrotationsglocke ausgeschaltet ist.The invention has for its object to provide a device and a method for applying fluids with rapid evaporation behavior by means of a high-speed rotary bell, wherein the effect of the torus vortex and thus the contamination of the hub plate of the high-speed rotary bell is switched off.

Diese der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch den Lösungsvorschlag gemäss dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object on which the invention is based is achieved by the proposed solution according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

Weiterhin wird gemäss der Erfindung ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Glockenhohlraum der Sprühglocke über einen elektrisch mit der Sprühglocke verbundenen Körper ein elektrisches Feld erzeugt wird.Furthermore, according to the invention, a method is proposed which is characterized in that an electric field is generated in front of the bell cavity of the spray bell via a body which is electrically connected to the spray bell.

Ein weiterer Vorschlag gemäss der Erfindung sieht vor, dass im Bereich der Aussenseite eines vor dem Hohlraum der Sprühglocke angeordneten Körpers ein magnetisches Feld erzeugt wird.Another proposal according to the invention provides that in the area of the outside a a magnetic field is generated in front of the cavity of the spray bell.

Ein weiterer Vorschlag gemäss der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der vorerwähnte Körper als ein aerodynamischer Verdrängerkörper ausgebildet ist, der eine Umströmung durch die im Toruswirbel zurückfliegenden Teilchen bewirkt.A further proposal according to the invention provides that the aforementioned body is designed as an aerodynamic displacement body, which causes a flow around the particles flowing back in the torus vertebra.

Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt schlägt die Erfindung vor, die Impactabscheidung (Abscheidung durch Trägheitskräfte) schon weitgehend abgedunsteter Lackpartikelchen an der Hochrotationsglocke dadurch zu vermeiden, dass die Flugbahn der im Bereich des Toruswirbels zur Hochrotationsglocke zurückfliegenden Lackpartikelchen durch elektrische oder magnetische oder aerodynamische Kräfte bzw. durch die Kombination der vorgenannten Kräfte beeinflusst wird.In other words, the invention proposes to avoid the impact separation (separation by inertial forces) of already largely evaporated paint particles on the high-speed rotary bell in that the trajectory of the paint particles returning to the high-speed rotary bell in the region of the torus vortex is caused by electrical or magnetic or aerodynamic forces or by the Combination of the aforementioned forces is affected.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass

  • a) ein elektrisch geladenes Teilchen im elektrischen Feld eine Kraft in Richtung der elektrischen Feldlinien erfährt,
  • b) ein elektrisch geladenes Teilchen im magnetischen Feld eine Kraft senkrecht zu den magnetischen Feldlinien erfährt und
  • c) ein Masseteilchen in einer Gasströmung bei der Umströmung eines aerodynamischen Verdrängerkörpers durch Schleppkräfte so umgelenkt wird, dass eine Abscheidung auf dem aerodynamischen Verdrängerkörper unterbleibt.
The invention is based on the consideration that
  • a) an electrically charged particle experiences a force in the direction of the electric field lines in the electric field,
  • b) an electrically charged particle in the magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to the magnetic field lines and
  • c) a mass particle in a gas flow during the flow around an aerodynamic displacement body is deflected by drag forces in such a way that there is no deposition on the aerodynamic displacement body.

Die Anwendung jeder dieser drei vorerwähnten Möglichkeiten oder die Kombination einer oder mehrerer der vorerwähnten Möglichkeiten, führt zu Hochrotationsglocken, mit denen problemlos auch Fluide mit schnellem Abdunstverhalten, z. B. Basis-Metallic-Lacke, appliziert werden können, ohne dass es zu Verschmutzungen der Nabenplatte und damit zu einem Abreissen dieser abgeschiedenen Verschmutzungspartikelchen von der Nabenplatte kommt, die zu Störungen in der Oberfläche des zu beschichtenden Gegenstandes führen würden.The use of each of these three aforementioned options or the combination of one or more of the aforementioned options leads to high-rotation bells, with which fluids with fast evaporation behavior, e.g. B. base metallic paints, can be applied without causing contamination of the hub plate and thus tearing off these separated dirt particles from the hub plate, which would lead to disturbances in the surface of the object to be coated.

Die vorstehend aufgezeigten Möglichkeiten zur Beeinflussung der Flugbahn der Lackpartikelchen wird gemäss der Erfindung wie folgt realisiert:According to the invention, the options for influencing the trajectory of the paint particles shown above are implemented as follows:

Die Sprüh- und Hochrotationsglocke liegt bekanntlich an Hochspannung. Diese ist notwendig, um den Lack aufzuladen und die versprühten Lackpartikelchen zum zu beschichtenden Objekt hin zu transportieren. Vor der Hochrotationsglokke wird ein aerodynamischer Körper angebracht, der mit der Glocke elektrischleitend fest verbunden ist und der damit auf gleichem Spannungspotential liegt wie die Hochrotationsglocke.The spray and high rotation bell is known to be due to high voltage. This is necessary to charge the paint and to transport the sprayed paint particles to the object to be coated. An aerodynamic body is attached in front of the high-speed bell, which is firmly connected to the bell in an electrically conductive manner and is therefore at the same voltage potential as the high-speed bell.

Die im toruswirbel zurückfliegenden Partikelchen haben entweder Ladung gleicher Polarität wie die Hochrotationsglocke oder sie haben eine entgegengesetzte Polarität oder sie sind ungeladen. Alle drei Möglichkeiten können in der zurückströmenden Partikelchenwolke auftreten.The particles flying back in the torus vortex either have a charge of the same polarity as the high-rotation bell or they have an opposite polarity or they are uncharged. All three possibilities can occur in the back flowing particle cloud.

Der vor der Hochrotationsglocke und an dieser drehfest angeordnete Körper wird so ausgebildet, dass er an einer Stelle, durch die Lackpartikelchen, die bevorzugt abgeschieden werden, zurückfliegen, die örtliche Feldstärke die Durchbruchsfeldstärke im umgebenden Gas erreicht bzw. überschritten wird, so dass Ladungen emittiert werden. Dadurch entsteht an dieser Stelle eine Ladungswolke. Die zurückfliegenden Partikelchen werden in dieser Ladungswolke weiter aufgeladen oder - bei ursprünglich vorhandener entgegengesetzter Polarität - umgeladen. Anfliegende ungeladene Partikelchen werden erneut aufgeladen.The body in front of the high-speed rotary bell and arranged on it in a rotationally fixed manner is designed such that it flies back at a point through which the paint particles, which are preferably separated, the local field strength reaches or exceeds the breakdown field strength in the surrounding gas, so that charges are emitted . This creates a charge cloud at this point. The particles flying back are charged further in this charge cloud or - if the opposite polarity was originally present - reloaded. Incoming uncharged particles are recharged.

Da die Richtung der Flugbahn der anfliegenden Partikelchen nicht mit der Richtung der Feldlinien im Bereich des aerodynamischen Körpers übereinstimmt, werden die Partikelchen vom aerodynamischen Körper weggedrängt (Einfluss der elektrischen Abstosskraft Pel (PQ,=Q X E).Since the direction of the trajectory of the approaching particles does not match the direction of the field lines in the area of the aerodynamic body, the particles are pushed away from the aerodynamic body (influence of the electrical repulsive force P el (PQ, = QXE).

Eine ähnliche Wirkung haben die magnetischen Kräfte. Diese lenken die geladenen Partikelchen in Richtung der Rotationsbewegung der Sprühglocke um. Durch die dabei auftretende Fliehkraft wird den Partikelchen ebenfalls eine Kraft aufgeprägt, die die Flugbahn der Teilchen vom aerodynamischen Körper wegdrängt (Pmagn=Q X (v x B).The magnetic forces have a similar effect. These deflect the charged particles in the direction of the rotational movement of the spray bell. Due to the centrifugal force that occurs, a force is also impressed on the particles that forces the trajectory of the particles away from the aerodynamic body (P ma g n = Q X (vx B).

Die geometrische Kontur des aerodynamischen Verdrängerkörpers wird so ausgebildet, dass das Gas diesen Körper so umströmt, dass die anfliegenden Lackpartikelchen nicht die Möglichkeit haben, die Strömungsgrenzschicht zu durchdringen

Figure imgb0001
The geometrical contour of the aerodynamic displacement body is designed in such a way that the gas flows around this body in such a way that the approaching paint particles do not have the possibility of penetrating the flow boundary layer
Figure imgb0001

In den vorstehenden Gleichungen bedeutet:

  • Q Ladung der Tröpfchen
  • D Durchmesser der Partikelchen
  • v Anfluggeschwindigkeit
  • w Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen Gas und Tröpfchen
  • K Geometriekonstante.
In the above equations:
  • Q charge of the droplets
  • D diameter of the particles
  • v Approach speed
  • w Relative speed between gas and droplet
  • K geometry constant.

Eine Beeinflussung der Bahnlinien der Lackpartikelchen kann gemäss der Erfindung aber auch dadurch erfolgen, dass gegen die Richtung der anfliegenden Lackpartikelchen eine Hilfsgasströmung an den aerodynamischen Körper angelegt wird, die eine Ablenkung der Toruswirbelströmung von der Kontur wegbewirkt.According to the invention, the path lines of the paint particles can also be influenced by applying an auxiliary gas flow to the aerodynamic body against the direction of the approaching paint particles, which deflects the torus vortex flow away from the contour.

Durch einen axial erzeugten Gasfreistrahl (ungeführter Gasstrahl) kann an der gesamten Kontur des aerodynamischen Körpers eine angelegte Gasströmung erreicht werden. Durch die dadurch auftretenden Schleppkräfte werden die Partikelchen vom aerodynamischen Körper weggedrängt.By means of an axially generated gas free jet (unguided gas jet) an applied gas flow can be achieved on the entire contour of the aerodynamic body. The resulting drag forces push the particles away from the aerodynamic body.

Die Einzelkräfte oder die resultierende Kraft aus den Kombinationen dieser Einzelkräfte bewirkt, dass anfliegende Lackpartikelchen die Oberfläche des Körpers nicht treffen und damit eine Verschmutzung des Körpers nicht auftritt und so die bisher zu befürchtenden Oberflächenstörungen im Lackierobjekt mit Sicherheit vermieden werden.The individual forces or the resulting force from the combinations of these individual forces ensures that paint particles that are approaching do not hit the surface of the body and thus no contamination of the body occurs and the surface defects in the paint object to be feared up to now are thus avoided with certainty.

Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemässen Anordnung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen beschrieben. Die Zeichnungen zeigen dabei in

  • Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einem aerodynamischen Verdrängerkörper mit einer parabelförmigen Kontur, in
  • Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform der Erfindung it einem aerodynamischen Verdrängerkörper mit der Kontur einer invertierten Parabel, in
  • Fig. 3 den Verdrängerkörper gemäss Fig. 1 mit Zuführung eines Gasfreistrahles, in
  • Fig. 4 schematisch das Zusammenwirken der verschiedenen erfindungsgemäss möglichen Beeinflussungen der zurückfliegenden Partikelchen, in
  • Fig. 5 die zum Stand der Technik gehörende Hochrotationsglocke mit eingezeichnetem Toruswirbel und Gratbildung auf der Nabenplatte und in
  • Fig. 6 eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäss ausgebildeten Hochrotationsglokke.
Exemplary embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention are described below with reference to the drawings. The drawings show in
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention with an aerodynamic displacement body with a parabolic contour, in
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention with an aerodynamic displacement body with the contour of an inverted parabola, in
  • 3 shows the displacer body according to FIG. 1 with supply of a gas-free jet, in
  • 4 schematically shows the interaction of the various influences of the particles flying back, which are possible according to the invention, in FIG
  • 5 shows the high-speed rotary bell belonging to the prior art with the torus vortex shown and the formation of burrs on the hub plate and in
  • 6 shows a further embodiment of a high-speed rotary bell designed according to the invention.

In den Zeichnungen ist mit 1 der Glockenkörper einer Hochrotationsglocke bezeichnet, wobei dieser Glockenkörper 1 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff, z.B. Aluminium, besteht. Die Nabenplatte dieses Glockenkörpers 1 ist mit 10 bezeichnet. Die Lackzufuhr erfolgt über eine Zufuhrleitung 11 an die Rückseite der Nabenplatte 10. Der Lackfilm wird durch entsprechende Durchtrittsöffnungen 12 in der Nabenplatte an die Innenseite der Rotationsglocke geführt und vom äusseren Rand der Rotationsglocke, wie dies besonders deutlich Fig. 5 zeigt, abgeschleudert.In the drawings, 1 denotes the bell body of a high-speed rotary bell, this bell body 1 made of an electrically conductive material, e.g. Aluminum. The hub plate of this bell body 1 is designated 10. The paint is supplied via a feed line 11 to the rear of the hub plate 10. The paint film is passed through corresponding through-openings 12 in the hub plate to the inside of the rotary bell and spun off from the outer edge of the rotary bell, as is particularly clearly shown in FIG. 5.

Eine Elektrodennadel 6 (Fig. 6) oder ein aerodynamisch geformter Verdrängerkörper 3 wird über eine Aufnahmevorrichtung 2 an der Nabenplatte 10 festgelegt und dadurch elektrisch leitend mit der Hochrotationsglocke verbunden. Die Aufnahmevorrichtung 2 zur Verbindung der Elektrodennadel 6 oder des Verdrängerkörpers 3 mit der Nabenplatte 10 muss aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff bestehen.An electrode needle 6 (FIG. 6) or an aerodynamically shaped displacer body 3 is fixed on the hub plate 10 via a receiving device 2 and is thereby connected in an electrically conductive manner to the high-speed rotary bell. The receiving device 2 for connecting the electrode needle 6 or the displacer 3 with the hub plate 10 must consist of an electrically conductive material.

Der Verdrängerkörper 3 kann hohl ausgebildet sein, wobei der so geschaffene Hohlraum durch Zwischenstücke 4 aus magnetischem Werkstoff ausgefüllt sein kann. An der Spitze des Verdrängerkörpers 3 ist eine aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff bestehende Elektrodennadel 6 angeordnet oder der Verdrängerkörper ist, wie dies Fig. 2 zeigt, an seiner Spitze so ausgebildet, dass durch Formgebung die Elektrodennadel 6 geschaffen wird.The displacer body 3 can be hollow, the cavity thus created can be filled by spacers 4 made of magnetic material. An electrode needle 6 made of an electrically conductive material is arranged at the tip of the displacer body 3 or, as shown in FIG. 2, the displacer body is formed at its tip in such a way that the electrode needle 6 is created by shaping.

Im Inneren des Verdrängerkörpers ist ein Magnet 8 als Permanentmagnet eingebaut.A magnet 8 is installed in the interior of the displacement body as a permanent magnet.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 3 ist der Verdrängerkörper so ausgebildet, dass eine Hilfsgasströmung A an der Aussenseite des Verdrängerkörpers 3 mit Unterstützung des Gasfreistrahles angelegt wird, der in Richtung auf das zu beschichtende Objekt hingerichtet ist und der zu einer Ablenkung der Toruswirbelströmung führt, die bei 9 in Fig. 3 eingezeichnet ist.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the displacer body is designed such that an auxiliary gas flow A is applied to the outside of the displacer body 3 with the support of the gas-free jet, which is directed towards the object to be coated and which leads to a deflection of the torus vortex flow, which is shown at 9 in Fig. 3.

Gemäss Fig. 1 weist die Aussenseite des Verdrängerkörpers 3 die Kontur einer Parabel auf, während bei der Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 2 der Verdrängerkörper 3 die Aussenkontur einer invertierten Parabel besitzt.1, the outside of the displacer 3 has the contour of a parabola, while in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 the displacer 3 has the outside contour of an inverted parabola.

In Fig. 4 sind die auftretenden magnetischen Feldlinien, die aerodynamischen Stromlinien und die elektrischen Feldlinien eingezeichnet.4 shows the magnetic field lines that occur, the aerodynamic flow lines and the electrical field lines.

Die aerodynamischen Stromlinien tragen dabei das Bezugszeichen X, die magnetischen Feldlinien das Bezugszeichen Y und die elektrischen Feldlinien das Bezugszeichen Z.The aerodynamic flow lines have the reference symbol X, the magnetic field lines the reference symbol Y and the electrical field lines the reference symbol Z.

Die Hochrotationsglocke kann beispielsweise an 90 kV Hochgleichspannung liegen und der Radius der Elektrodennadel 6 1 mm betragen. Dann entsteht eine Feldstärke von 90 kV/mm. Da die Durchbruchsfeldstärke in Luft nur 3 kV/mm beträgt, entsteht die hohe Feldstärke von 90 kV/mm nicht, sondern es entsteht ein Ladungsstrom der zum Gegenpotential, d. h. beispielsweise eine zu beschichtende Fahrzeugkarosserie, gerichtet ist und dadurch die Ladungswolke erzeugt.The high-rotation bell can, for example, be at 90 kV high DC voltage and the radius of the electrode needle 6 can be 1 mm. Then a field strength of 90 kV / mm arises. Since the breakthrough field strength in air is only 3 kV / mm, the high field strength of 90 kV / mm does not arise, but a charge current arises which leads to the counter potential, i. H. For example, a vehicle body to be coated is directed and thereby generates the charge cloud.

Claims (21)

1. A device for the electrostatic coating of objects with fluids, in particular liquid dye with rapid evaporation properties, said device having a globe (1), which rotates about a stationary axle at a high speed of rotation and which exhibits in the globe cavity which is directed towards the object to be coated a body (3), which is connected to the globe in a manner secure against rotation and electrically conductively and projects beyond the plane of the rim of the globe in a direction towards the object to be coated, a dye supply device (11) for supplying the dye to the interior of the globe and a device for the generation of high voltage at the globe, wherein the body (3) disposed in the globe cavity is constructed in such a manner that it affects the trajectory of the lacquer particles flying back to the high-speed rotary globe in the region of the toroidal vortex by electrical or magnetic or aerodynamic forces or by the combination of the said forces and deflects said trajectory over the globe cavity and the globe rim.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the body is constructed as an electrode needle (6).
3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the body is constructed as an aerodynamic displacement body (3).
4. The device as claimed in claims 1 and 3, wherein the displacement body (3) exhibits an external contour corresponding to an inverted parabola.
5. The device as claimed in claims 1 and 3, wherein the displacement body (3) exhibits an external contour corresponding to a parabola.
6. The device as claimed in claims 1 and 3, wherein the displacement body (3) exhibits the external contour of a hemisphere.
7. The device as claimed in claims 1 and 3, wherein the displacement body (3) exhibits the external contour of hyperbola.
8. The device as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein a tip, the radius of which is as close as possible to zero, is shaped on and/or fitted to the end of the displacement body (39) facing the object to be coated, ie. at the vertex of the displacement body (3).
9. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein a magnet (8) for the generation of a magnetic field in the region outside the displacement body (3) is disposed within the displacement body (3).
10. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the displacement body consists of an electrically conductive material.
11. The device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the tip of the displacement body (3) consists of electrically conductive material.
12. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the displacement body (3) exhibits one or more outlet openings for a gas jet (Fig. 3).
13. A process for the electrostatic coating of objects with fluids, in particular liquid dye with rapid evaporation properties, by supply of the liquid to a spray globe - high-speed rotary globe - which is at a high voltage and which rotates with a high speed of rotation, and centrifugation of the liquid from the spraying edge of the globe onto the object to be coated, wherein an electric field is generated in front of the cavity of the spray globe by means of an electrode needle electrically connected to the spray globe, which electric field exceeds the breakdown field portions in air at at least one position.
14. A process for the electrostatic coating of objects with fluids, in particular liquid dye with rapid evaporation properties, by supply of the liquid to a spray globe - high-speed rotary globe - which is at a high voltage and which rotates with a high speed of rotation, and centrifugation of the liquid from the spraying edge of the globe onto the object to be coated, wherein a magnetic field is generated in the region of the exterior of a body disposed in front of the cavity of the spray globe.
15. The process as claimed in claims 13 and 14, wherein the magnetic field is generated in addition to the electric field.
16. A process for the electrostatic coating of objects with fluids, in particular liquid dye with rapid evaporation properties, by supply of the liquid to a spray globe - high-speed rotary globe - which is at a high voltage and which rotates with a high speed of rotation, and centrifugation of the liquid from the spraying edge of the globe onto the object to be coated, wherein in front of the cavity of the spray globe, covering said cavity, a deflection of the lacquer particles flying back to the high-speed rotary globe in the toroidal vortex is achieved by aerodynamic forces by means of an aerodynamic displacement body.
17. The process as claimed in claims 13 and 15, wherein the electric field is generated in addition to the aerodynamic deflection.
18. The process as claimed in claims 13, 14 and 16, wherein an electric field and a magnetic field are generated, and an aerodynamic deflection takes place.
19. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 13 to 18, wherein a gas jet directed onto the object to be coated with liquid dye is generated in the center of the displacement body.
20. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 13 to 18, wherein an auxiliary gas stream is generated at the entire external contour of the displacement body, which auxiliary gas stream is directed onto the object to be coated.
EP83109256A 1982-10-21 1983-09-19 Method and apparatus for electrostatically coating objects with fluids Expired EP0107030B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83109256T ATE31639T1 (en) 1982-10-21 1983-09-19 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ELECTROSTATIC COATING OF OBJECTS WITH FLUID.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3238917 1982-10-21
DE3238917 1982-10-21
DE3241504 1982-11-10
DE19823241504 DE3241504A1 (en) 1982-10-21 1982-11-10 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY COVERING OBJECTS WITH FLUIDS

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EP0107030A2 EP0107030A2 (en) 1984-05-02
EP0107030A3 EP0107030A3 (en) 1985-09-25
EP0107030B1 true EP0107030B1 (en) 1988-01-07

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US (1) US4744513A (en)
EP (1) EP0107030B1 (en)
AU (1) AU566090B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8305799A (en)
CA (1) CA1202215A (en)
DE (2) DE3241504A1 (en)
ES (2) ES526686A0 (en)

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AU2017883A (en) 1984-05-03
ES8501642A1 (en) 1984-12-01
ES8504495A1 (en) 1985-05-01
AU566090B2 (en) 1987-10-08
EP0107030A3 (en) 1985-09-25
DE3375085D1 (en) 1988-02-11
DE3241504A1 (en) 1984-04-26
ES535228A0 (en) 1985-05-01
EP0107030A2 (en) 1984-05-02
BR8305799A (en) 1984-05-29
ES526686A0 (en) 1984-12-01
US4744513A (en) 1988-05-17
CA1202215A (en) 1986-03-25

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