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EP0107042A1 - Détecteur infra-rouge pour déterminer un intrus dans une zone - Google Patents

Détecteur infra-rouge pour déterminer un intrus dans une zone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0107042A1
EP0107042A1 EP83109377A EP83109377A EP0107042A1 EP 0107042 A1 EP0107042 A1 EP 0107042A1 EP 83109377 A EP83109377 A EP 83109377A EP 83109377 A EP83109377 A EP 83109377A EP 0107042 A1 EP0107042 A1 EP 0107042A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
sensor element
detector
detector according
optics
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83109377A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0107042B1 (fr
Inventor
Gustav Rolf Dr.Sc.Nat. Dipl.Phys. Pfister
Peter Dr. phil. Dipl.Phys. Wägli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Publication of EP0107042A1 publication Critical patent/EP0107042A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0107042B1 publication Critical patent/EP0107042B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/185—Signal analysis techniques for reducing or preventing false alarms or for enhancing the reliability of the system
    • G08B29/188—Data fusion; cooperative systems, e.g. voting among different detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/19—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/046—Monitoring of the detection circuits prevention of tampering with detection circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S250/00—Radiant energy
    • Y10S250/01—Passive intrusion detectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an IR detector for detecting a body which has a temperature which deviates from its ambient temperature, with at least one sensor element which serves to generate an electrical signal as a function of IR radiation incident thereon and at least one for focusing those emanating from the body IR radiation on the optics serving the sensor element, as well as an evaluation circuit used to monitor the electrical signal emitted by the sensor element.
  • IR detectors which respond to the IR radiation emanating from a body, in particular from people, so-called “passive IR detectors”, in monitoring devices for the detection of intruders in rooms to be monitored.
  • DE-AS 2 103 909 describes such a monitoring device in which adequate coverage of a particularly large overall area is in each case only one sensor element is reached, which then delivers a clearly distinguishable output signal when an intruder exceeds the limit of the coverage area; This is achieved in that a plurality of reflecting surfaces are arranged in such a way that the IR radiation coming from a plurality of separate fields of view is directed onto the sensing element.
  • the radiation entrance window of the IR detectors is covered with an optical filter with a pass range of 4 - 20 ⁇ m .
  • the signal emitted by the sensor is amplified by an AC amplifier, which is designed so that only signals in the frequency range are amplified, which corresponds to the passage of an intruder through the different zones of the room to be monitored.
  • This frequency range is preferably between 0.1 and 10 Hz.
  • a passive IR detector is known from US Pat. No. 3,480,473, in which the IR radiation falls onto the IR sensor via a fine grating arranged in a cylindrical manner around the JR sensor. This enables all-round monitoring and differentiation of background radiation, since a moving body emitting IR radiation generates an electrical alternating signal. To distinguish a moving body emitting IR radiation from background radiation, all together the space to be monitored is divided into fan-shaped monitoring areas, for example by zone optics.
  • thermocouples or thermistors or pyroelectric detectors
  • the IR detector has two optical systems with different focal lengths, for example a mirror arranged behind the IR detector and having a larger focal length than a germanium lens arranged in front of the IR detector, which covers the close range serves to increase the remote sensitivity.
  • an IR motion detector in which, in order to reduce the sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation penetrating glass, the optical filter located in front of the input of the IR detector is connected to a heat sink in the form of a solid metal body.
  • Differential elements are also used in IR detectors, ie the spatial zones are imaged on two closely adjacent sensor elements (for example two electrodes applied to the same element), which are then connected to a differential amplifier.
  • a sensor is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,839,640. At close range they are on the Zones shown overlapping individual elements, ie turbulence generate the same electrical signals on both elements, ie the differential amplifier output remains unchanged.
  • these differential elements it is possible to successfully suppress the turbulence, which is only disturbing if it occurs in the vicinity of the detector.
  • the sensitivity to objects moving in the vicinity is greatly reduced or not recognizable, as is the case with turbulence. In other words: burglars who are very close to the detector cannot be detected; acts of sabotage, such as masking, over-spraying or the like, cannot be recognized either.
  • a pyrodetector with two pyroelectric sensors is known, one of which is located in the focal point of an IR radiation reflecting concave mirror, while the other serves to compensate for the IR radiation originating in particular from the cover outside the focal point is arranged.
  • the various known measures to suppress false alarms are effective, but only include part of the problem of false alarms and especially the problem of sabotage.
  • the latter problem relates to the willful covering of the entry window by an object, e.g. Hat or board, or by spraying on a transparent lacquer, which absorbs the IR radiation necessary for detection or intrusion in the wavelength range of 4 - 20 ⁇ m. This blinds the detector and intruders can no longer be detected.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages of the known IR detectors and to create an IR detector with increased reliability, ie increased detection probability with reduced susceptibility to false alarms.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an IR detector, the electrical circuit of which makes it possible to suppress false alarms which are generated by thermal turbulence and electronic noise and also to detect slowly moving objects with a small temperature difference from the background.
  • Another task is to create an IR detector in which acts of sabotage, such as covering the entrance optics with IR-impermeable materials (for example paper, glass or spray paints), are detected and in which signals distinguishable from hot air turbulence are obtained.
  • the output signal of an IR detector of the type mentioned at the outset is evaluated not only in terms of its amplitude but also in terms of its similarity with a reference signal.
  • reference signals are stored in a read-only memory which correspond to the signals which are generated by an object which moves through the monitoring area of the optics at different speeds.
  • Each signal of the IR detector is then correlated with the reference signals and an alarm is triggered if the resemblance to one or more reference signals exceeds a predetermined value and the amplitude is at the same time greater than a predetermined threshold value. Since there are still high similarities even with noisy input signals (SIN - 1), this greatly improves the probability of detection.
  • the reference signal is obtained from a second optical system, the monitoring range of which is different from the first optical system, in connection with a second detector;
  • the second optical system preferably monitors only the near area of the detector.
  • the second sensor element has an optical system, the focal length of which is set up in such a way that the close range (ie housing, window) is imaged on the sensor element, in contrast to the first optical system, which objects at far distances on the maps the first sensor element.
  • the second optical system consists of pinhole diaphragms or mirror segments which cause the Only overlap monitoring areas in the immediate vicinity of the detector.
  • the comparison is only carried out with permanently stored references in order to achieve an increase in the probability of detection, a differential sensor element being used for the turbulence suppression. In this case, a second sensor element is unnecessary.
  • the IR detector has a first sensor element 11 which is exposed to IR radiation from the room to be monitored by a first optical system 0 1 with a certain focal length. Depending on the level of the IR radiation impinging thereon, the first sensor element 11 emits an electrical signal which is amplified by a first amplifier 21.
  • the amplified signal is fed to a first analog / digital converter 31, which converts the analog signal present at the input into a digital signal S 1 and a correlator K, in which it is compared with reference signals, and a threshold value detector 42, in which the amplitude is determined is feeding.
  • the correlator K and the threshold detector 42 are followed by an alarm stage A, which emits an alarm / sabotage signal as a function of the correlation C determined by the correlator K and the amplitude of the signal S I.
  • the K orrelator K uses the signals R1 ... Rn, which are stored in a read-only memory FS and which correspond to different object speeds, or the signal S 2 , which is obtained from a second sensor element 12, which has a second optic 0 2 different from 0 1 .
  • an object moving through a surveillance area generates a sequence of positive and negative signal pulses, for example the positive pulse corresponding to the movement into the monitored zone, the negative going pulse corresponding to the movement out of the monitored zone.
  • the height and width of the pulses depend on the speed of movement and the temperature difference from the object to the background temperature.
  • pulse sequences can now be selected which correspond, for example, to different typical movement speeds.
  • idealized reference signals for example the following rectangular pulses or pulses, which have the known Gaussian shape.
  • the current signal S 1 is now continuously checked for similarity with the reference signals R 1 ... Rn stored in the read-only memory S 1 .
  • r is the stored reference signal, s the current signal generated by the moving object, and -T o / 2 , + To / 2 are integration limits that must be optimized based on experiments.
  • C (t) is a measure of the similarity of the two signals r and s, which is known as the correlation of r and s. (Compare e.g. Introduction to Radar Systems Mc Graw Hill 1962/1980 by MJ Skolnik).
  • the alarm is triggered when the correlation C (t) and the amplitude a (t) exceed a certain, predetermined value in the course of time.
  • an additional trigger is used ne threshold for the similarity of signals and their amplitudes.
  • the similarity comparison has the advantage that even with heavily noisy input signals (signal / noise ratio ⁇ 1), which can no longer be evaluated with the conventional method, a correlation C (t) can be clearly calculated and compared with the threshold value. This two-criteria evaluation can significantly increase the probability of detection for a given false alarm rate.
  • FIG. 2 shows the measured probability of occurrence W of a certain amplitude A (in relative units) for various current signals S 1 emitted by sensor element 11 in a logarithmic representation.
  • W was determined experimentally by measuring the signals of different nominally identical events again.
  • W A then denotes the probability that a given signal occurs for a given event.
  • R electronic noise
  • LE slow walking speed, small temperature contrast to the environment
  • T close-up turbulence
  • FIG. 3 shows the measured probability of occurrence W c of the maximum correlation C (similarity) of a signal S 1 with the stored reference signals R 1 ... Rn (the greater the value of C, the greater the resemblance of the current signal S 1 with the reference signal (R 1 ... Rn)
  • the signals caused by a real break-in are shifted to large similarity values and separated from the false alarms.
  • Differential sensors according to CH-PA 884/82 which are not balanced for high frequencies, are particularly suitable here.
  • a further reference signal S 2 which originates from a second sensor element 12, is equipped, for example, with an optical system 0 2 , which has a pinhole, which ensures that the monitoring range of the the two sensor elements only overlap in the immediate vicinity of the detector.
  • This signal is also first amplified by a second amplifier 22, then converted into digital form in a second analog / digital converter 23.
  • the signal S 2 is finally reference signal S 2 is supplied as the correlator K.
  • the correlator K is the correlation C of the obtained from the first sensor element 11, signal S 1 to the signal S l received by the sensor element. 11
  • the correlation C (schematic resemblance) of the signals S 1 and S 2 as a function of the distance Z from the detector 11, 12 for two different events, such as covering with non-IR-transparent material, so a tamper event S and W armluftturbulenz ( T) applied.
  • the correlation C (similarity) only reaches high values in the immediate vicinity of the detector and the values are different for the two events S and T.
  • FIG. 5 shows the probability of occurrence W for the correlation (similarity) of the two signals S1 and S 2 for different events.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
EP83109377A 1982-10-01 1983-09-21 Détecteur infra-rouge pour déterminer un intrus dans une zone Expired EP0107042B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5795/82 1982-10-01
CH579582 1982-10-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0107042A1 true EP0107042A1 (fr) 1984-05-02
EP0107042B1 EP0107042B1 (fr) 1987-01-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83109377A Expired EP0107042B1 (fr) 1982-10-01 1983-09-21 Détecteur infra-rouge pour déterminer un intrus dans une zone

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4746910A (fr)
EP (1) EP0107042B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5990196A (fr)
CA (1) CA1205158A (fr)
DE (1) DE3369019D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8406766A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO158645C (fr)

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DE3622371A1 (de) * 1986-07-03 1988-02-04 Fuss Fritz Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum detektieren eines in das messfeld eines passiven infrarot-bewegungsmelders eingedrungenen objektes und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
EP0259015A3 (en) * 1986-08-05 1988-07-06 C & K Systems, Inc. Fault-detecting intrusion detection device
GB2210453A (en) * 1987-09-26 1989-06-07 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Personal body detecting device
EP0256651A3 (fr) * 1986-07-04 1990-02-28 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Appareil sensitive à rayonnement optique
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DE4236618A1 (de) * 1992-10-29 1994-05-05 Hirschmann Richard Gmbh Co Anordnung zum Verhindern von Fehlalarmen bei Bewegungsmeldern mit einem Infrarot-Detektor
EP0646901A1 (fr) * 1993-10-04 1995-04-05 Cerberus Ag Procédé de traitement des signaux d'un détecteur passif à infrarouge et détecteur infrarouge pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
EP0849714A1 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'évaluation d'un signal d'un détecteur de mouvement
DE19548578C2 (de) * 1995-12-27 2001-02-08 Elbau Elektronik Bauelemente G Positionsselektiver passiver Infrarot-Intrusion-Sensor
DE19607608C2 (de) * 1996-02-29 2003-04-03 Abb Patent Gmbh Bewegungsmelder mit mindestens einem Dualsensor zur Detektion von Wärmestrahlung
EP2605034A1 (fr) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-19 Riegl Laser Measurement Systems GmbH Dispositif et procédé de détection d'une impulsion optique

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US3803572A (en) * 1973-03-15 1974-04-09 Vidar Labor Inc Intrusion detecting apparatus
US4225786A (en) * 1978-09-15 1980-09-30 Detection Systems, Inc. Infrared detection system
GB2047886A (en) * 1979-04-23 1980-12-03 American District Telegraph Co Passive infrared intrusion detection system
US4342987A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-08-03 Rossin Corporation Intruder detection system
GB2064108A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-06-10 Arrowhead Ets Inc Passive infrared intrusion detector
GB2064910A (en) * 1980-01-11 1981-06-17 Zellweger Uster Ag Process for the surveyance of premises by means of directional pulse waves and installation for carrying out such process
FR2503427A1 (fr) * 1981-03-25 1982-10-08 Goldstein Pinchas Dispositif passif de protection optique a vue et ensemble de reflecteur stabilise utilise dans le dispositif

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0198551A3 (en) * 1985-04-15 1988-03-23 Philips Electronic And Associated Industries Limited Infra-red intruder detection system
GB2174224A (en) * 1985-04-15 1986-10-29 Philips Electronic Associated Infra-red intruder detection system
DE3622371A1 (de) * 1986-07-03 1988-02-04 Fuss Fritz Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum detektieren eines in das messfeld eines passiven infrarot-bewegungsmelders eingedrungenen objektes und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
EP0250746A3 (en) * 1986-07-03 1988-10-19 Fritz Fuss Gmbh & Co. Method to detect an intruding object in the measuring field of a passive infrared motion detector and device for carrying out the method
EP0256651A3 (fr) * 1986-07-04 1990-02-28 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Appareil sensitive à rayonnement optique
DE3624195A1 (de) * 1986-07-17 1988-01-21 Fuss Fritz Gmbh & Co Detektionsverfahren fuer einen passiven infrarot-bewegungsmelder und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
EP0254813A3 (en) * 1986-07-17 1988-09-28 Fritz Fuss Gmbh & Co. Detection method for a passive infrared motion detector and arrangement for carrying out the method
EP0259015A3 (en) * 1986-08-05 1988-07-06 C & K Systems, Inc. Fault-detecting intrusion detection device
USRE33824E (en) * 1986-08-05 1992-02-18 Fault detecting intrusion detection device
GB2210453A (en) * 1987-09-26 1989-06-07 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Personal body detecting device
GB2210453B (en) * 1987-09-26 1992-01-15 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Infared intrusion detector
EP0318039A3 (en) * 1987-11-26 1990-12-05 Fujitsu Limited An emergency watching system using an infrared image processing
DE4236618A1 (de) * 1992-10-29 1994-05-05 Hirschmann Richard Gmbh Co Anordnung zum Verhindern von Fehlalarmen bei Bewegungsmeldern mit einem Infrarot-Detektor
EP0646901A1 (fr) * 1993-10-04 1995-04-05 Cerberus Ag Procédé de traitement des signaux d'un détecteur passif à infrarouge et détecteur infrarouge pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
DE19548578C2 (de) * 1995-12-27 2001-02-08 Elbau Elektronik Bauelemente G Positionsselektiver passiver Infrarot-Intrusion-Sensor
DE19607608C2 (de) * 1996-02-29 2003-04-03 Abb Patent Gmbh Bewegungsmelder mit mindestens einem Dualsensor zur Detektion von Wärmestrahlung
EP0849714A1 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'évaluation d'un signal d'un détecteur de mouvement
EP2605034A1 (fr) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-19 Riegl Laser Measurement Systems GmbH Dispositif et procédé de détection d'une impulsion optique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0107042B1 (fr) 1987-01-07
NO158645C (no) 1988-10-12
US4746910A (en) 1988-05-24
ES526552A0 (es) 1984-08-01
NO158645B (no) 1988-07-04
CA1205158A (fr) 1986-05-27
DE3369019D1 (en) 1987-02-12
JPS5990196A (ja) 1984-05-24
NO833572L (no) 1984-04-02
ES8406766A1 (es) 1984-08-01

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