EP0197887A1 - Protector sleeve - Google Patents
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- EP0197887A1 EP0197887A1 EP86810101A EP86810101A EP0197887A1 EP 0197887 A1 EP0197887 A1 EP 0197887A1 EP 86810101 A EP86810101 A EP 86810101A EP 86810101 A EP86810101 A EP 86810101A EP 0197887 A1 EP0197887 A1 EP 0197887A1
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- carbon
- anode
- spade
- bitumen
- cuff according
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
- C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sleeve for protecting the iron spar of an anode rod for a carbon block, which serves as an anode for the electrolytic production of aluminum.
- Burnt carbon electrodes for the melt flow electrolysis of aluminum in a fluoride electrolyte are usually provided with anode rods with two or four spades or pins made of iron, which are inserted into the upper part of the carbon anode and e.g. attached by pouring liquid iron.
- the carbon anode which has a cross-section of about 500x1500 mm and a height of 400-550 mm, for example, is connected to the anode rods and thus to the power supply by means of the iron spade.
- the carbon anode After inserting the carbon anode into the electrolysis furnace, its head warms up to approximately 180 ° C. After about 6 days, the temperature rose to around 400-500 ° C on average. Because of the burn-off caused by the oxygen released during electrolysis, the carbon anode must be lowered by approx. 15-20 mm / day. After various subsidence, it finally lies so deep that the iron spades used are also below the surface of the molten electrolyte. The end of the spade surrounded by the coal mass is protected by this mass, but not the part protruding from the anode. So that it does not scale and does not partially dissolve in the electrolyte, the part of the iron patene protruding from the anode carbon must also be protected. This is achieved with the help of charcoal materials by filling them in an envelope that is inserted around the iron spade in a recess in the anode.
- a type of sleeve made of cardboard or aluminum sheet is suitable as a sleeve, which can have two opposite, inwardly projecting side parts (DE-AS 27 56 756), so that they lie clamped on the iron spades.
- the filling material consists of granules of anthracite, graphite, petroleum coke, pitch coke, metallurgical coke and / or lining or. Egg electrode residues, which are processed with the help of coal tar pitch as a binder to form a granulate or paste.
- the filling material calcines, whereby binder vapors escape and the volume shrinks by approx. 50%.
- the cuff moves slightly from its assigned position despite the side parts used for adjustment, with the result that after filling the filler material, the intended distance to the spade is not guaranteed everywhere or the cuff no longer fits snugly on the anode block and therefore the filler material underneath the cuff runs out. Furthermore, the cuff is often damaged and the filling material is spilled on the transport route from the filling station to the electrolysis cell.
- coal tar pitch binds for the production of the filling compound is also disadvantageous.
- coal tar pitch contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which escape in gaseous form during the production and / or operation of refractory materials made from it.
- the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be carcinogenic.
- the binder vapors generated during the manufacture or use of the filling materials mentioned at the beginning with coal tar pitch as binders are therefore suitable for having a harmful effect on human health and the environment.
- the workers who are already entrusted with the activities described above, which are already troubled by dust accumulation during the production of filler material and noise, are thereby additionally endangered.
- the inventors have therefore set themselves the task of creating a sleeve for protecting the iron spar of an anode rod for a carbon block, which serves as an anode for the electrolytic production of aluminum, which does not at least partially have the disadvantages mentioned above, but is nevertheless simple and economical Can be made.
- the sleeve has several, in particular two carbon bodies, each with two form-fitting end faces and corresponding to the spade or Pin cross section adapted recesses which encompass the spade or pin protruding from the coal body, and bottom surfaces which form a plane which is in contact with the coal block.
- any suitable, i.e. conceivable form that does not hinder operation of the electrolysis furnace simple shapes such as rectangles, rhombuses, circles or combinations of these shapes such as However, diamond and rectangle are preferred.
- the height of the sleeve is to be adapted accordingly to the masses of the spade or spigot as well as the carbon anode and their use, and in extreme cases can be equal to the total spade or protruding from the anode. Pin length.
- a cuff typical for the invention has a height of approximately 200 mm with a length of 260 mm and a width of 220 mm.
- the end faces of the carbon bodies interlock with one another.
- the end faces and / or the bottom surfaces can be provided with an adhesive film for better positioning.
- Particularly suitable is an adhesive that does not yet have any adhesive properties at room temperature and thus does not impair the handling of the carbon bodies, but after positioning the carbon bodies around the spades or pins, they are glued to a single body, the sleeve, at a slight increase in temperature and, if appropriate, this again glued to the coal block.
- a low-viscosity bitumen has proven to be a particularly suitable adhesive.
- bitumen is understood to mean the general definition given in accordance with DIN 55946.
- additional clips in particular those made of aluminum sheet, can be attached.
- Aluminum is particularly suitable because the melting metal does not contaminate the electrolysis bath and is recovered during the electrolysis.
- a carbon-containing mass which is 60-90% by weight of carbon-containing solid in the usual granulometry and 10-40% by weight bitumen as a binder consists.
- a particularly suitable carbon mass for the production of the carbon bodies is achieved if the bitumen portion just mentioned consists of 70-90% by weight hard bitumen and 10-30% by weight soft bitumen.
- Hard bitumen is understood here to mean a bitumen with a ring and ball softening point of approximately 80-110 ° C, soft bitumen one of approximately 40-65 ° C, the density of the two types of bitumen not exceeding 1.1 g / cm '(at 25 ° C).
- bitumen In contrast to coal tar pitch, bitumen contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons only in extremely small concentrations, which are not harmful to the health of industrial workers.
- the polycyclic aromatics of the ring number 4-6 are not to be expected in the binder vapors generated during the warm-up phase of the bitumen.
- the escaping vapors mainly consist of naphthenoaromatics and alkylarylene. There is therefore no carcinogenic health hazard either in the production of the carbon mass, in its further processing into the carbon bodies or sleeves, or in the use thereof.
- the carbon bodies are produced by placing the plastic mass in suitable shapes and compressing it to a bulk density of about 1.5-1.7 g / cm 'in the usual manner.
- the cuff made from these individual carbon bodies calculates under a very low volume loss (approx. 6%). Due to the pre-compression of the carbon mass, the pore volume is very much smaller than in the case of sleeves manufactured according to the prior art. As a result, the sodium uptake is reduced in such a way that the cuff remnants remaining after use in the electrolysis can be processed again into new cuffs or carbon anode blocks. With the protective devices manufactured according to the state of the art, this was only possible with the loss of quality due to the high sodium intake.
- the solid has the following particle size distribution (sieve analysis):> 8 mm: 5% by weight. 3-8 mm: 24% by weight, 1-3 mm: 22% by weight, ⁇ 1 mm: 49% by weight.
- the solids are preheated to 160 ° C and mixed homogeneously. Then the hard bitumen heated to 190 ° C. and then the soft bitumen heated to 90 ° C. are slowly added continuously, the solid particles encasing the binder. During the addition of the binder and about 20 minutes later, the mass is mixed intensively. After the mass has cooled to a temperature suitable for the press, it is pressed into the carbon bodies according to the invention with a bulk density of between 1.5-1.7 g / cm 3 .
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Abstract
Eine Manschette zum Schutz des Eisenspatens einer Anodenstange für einen Kohleblock der als Anode zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Aluminium dient, besteht aus mehreren Kohlekörpern (1, 2) mit je zwei formschlüssig aufeinanderstossenden Stirnflächen (3, 4 und 5, 6) und entsprechend dem Spaten- bzw. Zapfenquerschnitt angepassten Ausnehmungen (7, 8), die den aus dem Kohlekörper ragenden Spaten bzw. Zapfen (9) umgreifen, und dessen Bodenflächen (10, 11) eine Ebene bilden, welche sich in Kontakt mit der Kohleanode befindet. Die Kohlekörper (1, 2) werden aus 60-90 Gew.-% kohlestoffhaltigem Feststoff und 10-40 Gew.-% Bitumen als Bindemittel hergestellt. Die Schutzmanschetten weisen wegen ihres geringen Porenvolumens eine geringe Aufnahmefähigkeit für Natrium und günstiges Abbrandverhalten während des Elektrolyseprozesses auf.A sleeve for protecting the iron spade of an anode rod for a carbon block, which serves as an anode for the electrolytic production of aluminum, consists of several carbon bodies (1, 2), each with two form-fitting end faces (3, 4 and 5, 6) and in accordance with the spade Recesses (7, 8) adapted to the cross-section of the spigot, which encompass the spade or spigot (9) protruding from the carbon body and whose bottom surfaces (10, 11) form a plane which is in contact with the carbon anode. The carbon bodies (1, 2) are produced from 60-90% by weight of carbon-containing solid and 10-40% by weight of bitumen as a binder. Because of their small pore volume, the protective sleeves have a low absorption capacity for sodium and favorable combustion behavior during the electrolysis process.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Manschette zum Schutz des Eisenspatens einer Anodenstange für einen Kohleblock, der als Anode zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Aluminium dient.The present invention relates to a sleeve for protecting the iron spar of an anode rod for a carbon block, which serves as an anode for the electrolytic production of aluminum.
Gebrannte Kohleelektroden für die Schmelzflusselektrolyse von Aluminium in einem Fluoridelektrolyten sind meist mit Anodenstangen mit zwei oder vier Spaten bzw. Zapfen aus Eisen versehen, die in den oberen Teil der Kohleanode eingesetzt und z.B. durch Eingiessen von flüssigem Eisen daran befestigt werden.Burnt carbon electrodes for the melt flow electrolysis of aluminum in a fluoride electrolyte are usually provided with anode rods with two or four spades or pins made of iron, which are inserted into the upper part of the carbon anode and e.g. attached by pouring liquid iron.
Die Kohleanode, die beispielsweise einen Querschnitt von etwa 500x1500 mm und eine Höhe von 400-550 mm aufweist, wird mittels der Eisenspaten mit den Anodenstangen und damit mit der Stromzuführung durch Anklemmen verbunden.The carbon anode, which has a cross-section of about 500x1500 mm and a height of 400-550 mm, for example, is connected to the anode rods and thus to the power supply by means of the iron spade.
Nach dem Einsetzen der Kohleanode in den Elektrolyseofen erwärmt sich deren Kopf auf etwa 180°C. Nach ungefähr 6 Tagen ist die Temperatur auf etwa 400-500°C im Mittel gestiegen. Wegen des Abbrands durch den bei der Elektrolyse freigesetzten Sauerstoff muss die Kohleanode ca. 15-20 mm/Tag gesenkt werden. Nach diversen Absenkungen liegt sie schliesslich so tief, dass auch die eingesetzten eisemen Spaten unterhalb der Oberfläche des schmelzflüssigen Elektrolyten liegen. Das von der Kohlemasse umgebene Ende des Spatens ist von dieser Masse geschützt, nicht aber der aus der Anode herausragender Teil. Damit dieser nicht abzundert und sich nicht im Elektrolyten teilweise auflöst, muss auch der aus der Anodenkohle herausragende Teil des Eisenpatens geschützt werden. Dies wird mit Hilfe von Kunstkohlematerialien erreicht, indem diese in einer Hülle, die um die Eisenspaten in einer Vertiefung der Anode eingesetzt ist, eingefüllt wird.After inserting the carbon anode into the electrolysis furnace, its head warms up to approximately 180 ° C. After about 6 days, the temperature rose to around 400-500 ° C on average. Because of the burn-off caused by the oxygen released during electrolysis, the carbon anode must be lowered by approx. 15-20 mm / day. After various subsidence, it finally lies so deep that the iron spades used are also below the surface of the molten electrolyte. The end of the spade surrounded by the coal mass is protected by this mass, but not the part protruding from the anode. So that it does not scale and does not partially dissolve in the electrolyte, the part of the iron patene protruding from the anode carbon must also be protected. This is achieved with the help of charcoal materials by filling them in an envelope that is inserted around the iron spade in a recess in the anode.
Als Hülle eignet sich eine Art Manschette aus Karton oder Aluminiumblech, weiche zwei gegenüberstehende nach innen ragende Seitenteile aufweisen kann (DE-AS 27 56 756), so dass diese klemmend auf den Eisenspaten aufliegen.A type of sleeve made of cardboard or aluminum sheet is suitable as a sleeve, which can have two opposite, inwardly projecting side parts (DE-AS 27 56 756), so that they lie clamped on the iron spades.
Das Füllmaterial besteht aus Körnungen von Anthrazit, Graphit, Petrolkoks, Pechkoks, metallurgischem Koks und/oder Auskleidungs-bzw. Eiektrodenresten, das mit Hilfe von Steinkohlenteerpech als Bindemittel zu einem Granulat oder einer Paste verarbeitet wird. Während des Einsatzes der Kohleanode kalziniert das Füllmaterial, wobei Bindemitteldämpfe entweichen und ein Volumenschwund um ca. 50 % stattfindet.The filling material consists of granules of anthracite, graphite, petroleum coke, pitch coke, metallurgical coke and / or lining or. Egg electrode residues, which are processed with the help of coal tar pitch as a binder to form a granulate or paste. When the carbon anode is in use, the filling material calcines, whereby binder vapors escape and the volume shrinks by approx. 50%.
Diese und ähnlich bekannte Vorrichtungen zum Schutz der Spaten bzw. Zapfen haben jedoch Nachteile. Durch die starke Schwindung während des Kalzinationsprozesses wird die Schutzwirkung der Manschette erheblich veringert. Darüber hinaus nimmt die nach dem Kalzinationsprozess relativ poröse Manschette während des Elektrolyseprozesses verstärkt Natrium auf. Aber auch die Handhabung der Manschette vor dem bestimmungsgemässen Einsatz ist mit Nachteilen verbunden.However, these and similarly known devices for protecting the spade or tenon have disadvantages. The strong shrinkage during the calcination process considerably reduces the protective effect of the cuff. In addition, the cuff, which is relatively porous after the calcination process, increasingly absorbs sodium during the electrolysis process. However, the handling of the cuff before its intended use is also associated with disadvantages.
Die Manschette verschiebt sich leicht trotz der der Justierung dienenden Seitenteile aus ihrer zugewiesenen Position, mit der Folge, dass nach dem Einfüllen des Füllmaterials nicht überall der vorgesehene Abstand zum Spaten gewährleistet ist oder die Manschette nicht mehr satt auf dem Anodenblock aufliegt und dadurch das Füllmaterial unter der Manschette heraus rinnt. Ferner kommt es häufig zu einer Beschädigung der Manschette und Verschüttung des Füllmaterials auf dem Transportweg von der Einfüllstation zur Elektrolysezelle.The cuff moves slightly from its assigned position despite the side parts used for adjustment, with the result that after filling the filler material, the intended distance to the spade is not guaranteed everywhere or the cuff no longer fits snugly on the anode block and therefore the filler material underneath the cuff runs out. Furthermore, the cuff is often damaged and the filling material is spilled on the transport route from the filling station to the electrolysis cell.
Ausserdem wirkt sich nachteilig aus, dass bei Verwendung von Füllmaterial in Granulatform dieses auch im Laufbereich der Arbeiter verloren geht und zu Boden fällt, wodurch die Gefahr des Ausrutschens der Arbeiter auf den kugelförmigen Partikeln gegeben ist.In addition, it has the disadvantage that if filler material in granular form is used, it is also lost in the walking area of the workers and falls to the ground, which means that there is a risk of the workers slipping on the spherical particles.
Aber auch die Verwendung von Steinkohlenteerpech ats Bindet zur Herstellung der Füllmasse ist nachteilig. Verschiedene Untersuchungen haben nämlich gezeigt, dass Steinkohlenteerpech polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe enthält, die bei der Herstellung und/oder beim Betrieb von daraus hergestellten refraktären Materialien gasförmig entweichen. Die polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe können krebsauslösend sein. Die bei der Herstellung oder Verwendung eingangs genannter Füllmaterialien mit Steinkohlenteerpech als Bindemittel entstehenden Bindemitteldämpfe sind daher geeignet, gesundheitsschädigend auf Mensch und Umwelt einzuwirken. Der mit oben beschriebenen Tätigkeiten betraute ohnehin schon durch Staubanfall bei der Füllmaterialherstellung und Lärm belästigte Arbeiter wird dadurch noch zusätzlich gefährdet.However, the use of coal tar pitch binds for the production of the filling compound is also disadvantageous. Various studies have shown that coal tar pitch contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which escape in gaseous form during the production and / or operation of refractory materials made from it. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be carcinogenic. The binder vapors generated during the manufacture or use of the filling materials mentioned at the beginning with coal tar pitch as binders are therefore suitable for having a harmful effect on human health and the environment. The workers who are already entrusted with the activities described above, which are already troubled by dust accumulation during the production of filler material and noise, are thereby additionally endangered.
Die Erfinder haben sich deshalb die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Manschette zum Schutz des Eisenspatens einer Anodenstange für einen Kohleblock, der als Anode zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Aluminium, dient zu schaffen, welche die oben erwähnten Nachteile mindestens teilweise nicht aufweist, aber dennoch auf einfache und wirtschaftliche Art hergestellt werden kann.The inventors have therefore set themselves the task of creating a sleeve for protecting the iron spar of an anode rod for a carbon block, which serves as an anode for the electrolytic production of aluminum, which does not at least partially have the disadvantages mentioned above, but is nevertheless simple and economical Can be made.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Manschette mehrere, insbesondere zwei Kohlekörper mit je zwei formschlüssig aufeinanderstossenden Stirnflächen und entsprechend dem Spaten-bzw. Zapfenquerschnitt angepassten Ausnehmungen, die den aus dem Kohlekörper ragenden Spaten bzw. Zapfen umgreifen, und Bodenflächen, die eine Ebene bilden, welche sich in Kontakt mit dem Kohleblock befindet, aufweist.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the sleeve has several, in particular two carbon bodies, each with two form-fitting end faces and corresponding to the spade or Pin cross section adapted recesses which encompass the spade or pin protruding from the coal body, and bottom surfaces which form a plane which is in contact with the coal block.
Als äussere Umgrenzung der Manschette ist im Prinzip jede geeignete, d.h. die Elektrolyseofenbedienung nicht hindernde Form denkbar; einfache Formen wie Rechtecke, Rauten, Kreise oder Kombinationen dieser Formen wie z.B. Raute und Rechteck werden jedoch bevorzugt. Die Höhe der Manschette ist den Massen des Spatens bzw. Zapfens sowie der Kohleanode und deren Einsatz entsprechend anzupassen und kann im Extremfall gleich der gesamten aus der Anode herausragenden Spaten-bzw. Zapfenlänge sein. Eine für die Erfinung typische Manschette hat etwa eine Höhe von 200 mm bei einer Länge von 260 mm und einer Breite von 220 mm.In principle, any suitable, i.e. conceivable form that does not hinder operation of the electrolysis furnace simple shapes such as rectangles, rhombuses, circles or combinations of these shapes such as However, diamond and rectangle are preferred. The height of the sleeve is to be adapted accordingly to the masses of the spade or spigot as well as the carbon anode and their use, and in extreme cases can be equal to the total spade or protruding from the anode. Pin length. A cuff typical for the invention has a height of approximately 200 mm with a length of 260 mm and a width of 220 mm.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung greifen die Stirnflächen der Kohlekörper falzartig ineinander. Zur besseren Positionierung können die Stirnflächen und/oder die Bodenflächen mit einem Klebefilm versehen werden. Besonders geeignet ist ein Kleber, der bei Raumtemperatur noch keine Klebeigenschaften aufweist und dadurch die Handhabung der Kohlekörper nicht beeinträchtigt, jedoch nach Positionie rung der Kohlekörper um die Spaten bzw. Zapfen diese bei geringer Temperaturerhöhung zu einem einzigen Körper, der Manschette, verklebt und dieser gegebenfalls wiederum mit dem Kohleblock verklebt. Als besonders geeigneter Kleber hat sich ein niedrig viskose Bitumen herausgestellt. Unter Bitumen wird hier und nachfolgend die nach DIN 55946 gegebene allgemeine Definition verstanden.According to a development of the invention, the end faces of the carbon bodies interlock with one another. The end faces and / or the bottom surfaces can be provided with an adhesive film for better positioning. Particularly suitable is an adhesive that does not yet have any adhesive properties at room temperature and thus does not impair the handling of the carbon bodies, but after positioning the carbon bodies around the spades or pins, they are glued to a single body, the sleeve, at a slight increase in temperature and, if appropriate, this again glued to the coal block. A low-viscosity bitumen has proven to be a particularly suitable adhesive. Here and below, bitumen is understood to mean the general definition given in accordance with DIN 55946.
Zur Unterstützung des Zusammenhalts der Kohlenkörper können zusätzlich .die Kohlekörper übergreifende Spangen, insbesondere solche aus Aluminiumblech, angebracht sein. Aluminium eignet sich besonders gut, denn das abschmelzende Metall verunreinigt das Elektrolysebad nicht und wird während der Elektrolyse wieder zurückgewonnen.To support the cohesion of the carbon bodies, additional clips, in particular those made of aluminum sheet, can be attached. Aluminum is particularly suitable because the melting metal does not contaminate the electrolysis bath and is recovered during the electrolysis.
Zur Fertigung der einzelnen Kohlekörper der Manschette hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, eine kohlenstoffhaltige Masse zu wählen, die zu 60-90 Gew.-% aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Feststoff in der an sich üblichen Granulometrie und 10-40 -Gew.-% Bitumen als Bindemittel besteht. Eine besonders geeignete Kohlenstoffmasse zur Herstellung der Kohlekörper wird erzielt, wenn der eben genannte Bitumenanteil zu 70-90 Gew.-% aus Hartbitumen und 10-30 Gew.-% Weichbitumen besteht.For the manufacture of the individual carbon bodies of the sleeve, it has proven to be advantageous to choose a carbon-containing mass which is 60-90% by weight of carbon-containing solid in the usual granulometry and 10-40% by weight bitumen as a binder consists. A particularly suitable carbon mass for the production of the carbon bodies is achieved if the bitumen portion just mentioned consists of 70-90% by weight hard bitumen and 10-30% by weight soft bitumen.
Als Hartbitumen wird hier ein Bitumen mit einem Erweichungspunkt nach Ring und Kugel von etwa 80-110°C, als Weichbitumen eines von etwa 40-65°C verstanden, wobei die Dichte der beiden Bitumensorten nicht über 1,1 g/cm' (bei 25°C) liegt.Hard bitumen is understood here to mean a bitumen with a ring and ball softening point of approximately 80-110 ° C, soft bitumen one of approximately 40-65 ° C, the density of the two types of bitumen not exceeding 1.1 g / cm '(at 25 ° C).
Im Gegensatz zu Steinkohlenteerpech enthält Bitumen polycy clische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe nur in ausserordentlich kleiner, für die Gesundheit des Industriearbeiters nicht schädlicher, Konzentration.In contrast to coal tar pitch, bitumen contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons only in extremely small concentrations, which are not harmful to the health of industrial workers.
Insbesondere sind die polycyclischen Aromate der Ringzahl 4-6 in den während der Aufwärmphase des Bitumens entstehenden Bindemitteldämpfen nicht zu erwarten. Die entweichenden Dämpfe bestehen vorwiegend aus Naphtenoaromaten und Alkylarylen. Eine karzinogene Gesundheitsgefährdung ist deshalb weder bei der Herstellung der Kohlenstoffmasse noch bei deren Weiterverarbeitung zu den Kohlekörpern bzw. Manschetten oder deren Verwendung gegeben.In particular, the polycyclic aromatics of the ring number 4-6 are not to be expected in the binder vapors generated during the warm-up phase of the bitumen. The escaping vapors mainly consist of naphthenoaromatics and alkylarylene. There is therefore no carcinogenic health hazard either in the production of the carbon mass, in its further processing into the carbon bodies or sleeves, or in the use thereof.
Desweiteren werden praktisch alle anderen vorgenannten Nachteile vermieden.Furthermore, practically all other disadvantages mentioned above are avoided.
Die Kohlekörper werden hergestellt, indem die Kunststoffmasse in geeignete Formen gegeben wird und in an sich üblicher Weise auf eine Rohdichte von etwa 1.5-1.7 g/cm' verdichtet wird. Während des Einsatzes im Elektrolyseprozess kalziniert die aus diesen einzelnen Kohlenkörpern gefertigte Manschette unter einen nur sehr geringen Volumenschwund (ca. 6 %). Durch die Vorverdichtung der Kohlenstoffmasse ist das Porenvolumen sehr viel geringer als bei nach dem Stand der Technik gefertigten Manschetten. Dadurch wird die Natriumaufnahme derart reduziert, dass die nach Einsatz in der Elektrolyse verbleibenden Manschettenreste wieder zu neuen Manschetten oder Kohleanodenblöcken verarbeitet werden können. Dies war bei den nach dem Stand der Technik gefertigten Schutzvorrichtungen bedingt durch die hohe Natriumaufnahme nur unter Inkaufnahme von Qualitätseinbussen möglich.The carbon bodies are produced by placing the plastic mass in suitable shapes and compressing it to a bulk density of about 1.5-1.7 g / cm 'in the usual manner. When used in the electrolysis process, the cuff made from these individual carbon bodies calculates under a very low volume loss (approx. 6%). Due to the pre-compression of the carbon mass, the pore volume is very much smaller than in the case of sleeves manufactured according to the prior art. As a result, the sodium uptake is reduced in such a way that the cuff remnants remaining after use in the electrolysis can be processed again into new cuffs or carbon anode blocks. With the protective devices manufactured according to the state of the art, this was only possible with the loss of quality due to the high sodium intake.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten ergeben sich anhand der folgenden Ausführungsbeispiele. Es zeigen schematisch in
- Fig. 1 und 2: Schutzmanschetten in perspektivischer Darstellung,
- Fig. 3 und 4: Vertikalschnitte durch Anodenblöcke mit aufgesetzten Schutzmanschetten.
- 1 and 2: protective sleeves in perspective,
- 3 and 4: vertical sections through anode blocks with attached protective sleeves.
-
Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Schutzmanschette von rechteckiger Umgrenzung, bestehend aus zwei Kohlekörpern 1 und 2. Jeder Kohlekörper hat zwei Stirnflächen 3 und 4 bzw. 5 und 6, von denen in der Figur nur die Spuren auf der Oberseite und teilweise an der Seite zu sehen sind, und eine geradlinige, U-förmige Ausnehmung 7, 8. Die Ausnehmung ist geringfügig grösser als die entsprechende Dimension des Eisenspatens. In dem durch die Ausnehmungen 7, 8 gebildeten Kanal von rechteckigem Querschnitt befindet sich der nicht dargestellte Anodenspaten. Dieser hat einen gleichen, jedoch geringfügig kleineren Querschnitt. Die Stirnflächen 3, 4 bzw. 5, 6 sind falzartig ausgebildet. Eine anders geartete Ausbildung liegt im Rahmen des Erfindungsgedankens, denn eine derartige Ausbildung hat den Zweck, dass die einzelnen Kohlekörper 1, 2 beim Umlegen um den Eisenspaten leicht in die richtige Position gebracht werden können. Zur Sicherung einer solchen Position können auf die beiden Kohlekörper 1, 2 übergreifende Spangen 12, 13 angebracht werden. Dies ist dann besonders von Vorteil, wenn die formschlüssig aufeinanderstossenden Sfimflächen 3, 4 und 5, 6 nicht verklebt werden.FIG. 1 shows a protective sleeve with a rectangular outline, consisting of two
carbon bodies 1 and 2. Each carbon body has twoend faces recesses 7, 8. This has the same, but slightly smaller cross-section. The end faces 3, 4 and 5, 6 are formed like a fold. Another type of training is within the scope of the inventive concept, because such training has the purpose that theindividual carbon bodies 1, 2 can be easily brought into the correct position when they are folded over the iron spade. To secure such a position,clasps carbon bodies 1, 2 can be attached. This is particularly advantageous if the form-fitting abuttingsurfaces -
Figur 2 zeigt eine im Prinzip gleiche Schutzmanschette wie Figur 1. Die Umgrenzung stellt jedoch eine Kombination von Rechteck und Raute dar und die Ausnehmungen 7, 8 sind halbkreisförmig, was diese Ausführungsform für Zapfen besonders geeignet macht, weil die Zapfenquerschnitte üblicherweise kreisförmig sind.Figure 2 shows in principle the same protective sleeve as Figure 1. However, the boundary represents a combination of rectangle and diamond and the
recesses 7, 8 are semicircular, which makes this embodiment particularly suitable for pins because the pin cross-sections are usually circular. -
Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen Anoden mit unterschiedlich aufgeführten Spaten-bzw. Zapfenlöchern. In Figur 3 hat die Anode 19 ein Zapfenloch 20, das vollständig vom Anodenspaten 9 ausgefüllt ist. Der Kohlekörper 2 der Manschette mit seinen Stirnflächen 5 und 6 umgreift den Spaten 9 und liegt mit der Bodenfläche 11 auf der Anode 19 auf. Der Kohlekörper 2 umgreift den freien Teil des Spatens 9 bis zu seiner vollen Höhe h.FIGS. 3 and 4 show anodes with different spade or. Mortise and tenon holes. In Figure 3, the
anode 19 has apin hole 20 which is completely filled by the anode spade 9. Thecarbon body 2 of the sleeve with its end faces 5 and 6 engages around the spade 9 and lies with thebottom surface 11 on theanode 19. Thecarbon body 2 encompasses the free part of the spade 9 up to its full height h. -
In Figur 4 ist das Zapfenloch 20 stufenförmig ausgebildet, wobei der untere, engere Teil zur Befestigung des Spatens 9 dient und der noch verbleibende Raum durch den Kohlekörper 2 ausgefüllt wird. Diese Ausführung hat den Vorteil, dass die erfindungsgemässe Schutzmanschette auch bei Spaten-bzw. Zapfenlöchern, wie sie häufig bei Verwendung von Metaiimanschetten nach dem Stand der Technik in Gebrauch sind, verwendet werden kann.In Figure 4, the
pin hole 20 is step-shaped, the lower, narrower part is used to fasten the spade 9 and the remaining space is filled by thecarbon body 2. This embodiment has the advantage that the protective sleeve according to the invention is also suitable for spade or Pin holes, such as are often used when using metal cuffs according to the prior art, can be used.
Zur Herstellung der Kunststoffmasse werden 67 Gew.-% Petrolkoks, 17 Gew.-% Manschettenreste aus einem Elektrolyseeinsatz, 14 Gew.-% Hart-und 2 Gew.-% Weichbitumen verwendet. Der Feststoff hat folgende Kornverteilung - (Siebanalyse): > 8 mm: 5 Gew.-%. 3-8 mm: 24 Gew.-%, 1-3 mm: 22 Gew.-%, < 1 mm: 49 Gew.- %. Die Feststoffe werden auf 160°C vorgewärmt und homogen durchmischt. Dann wird das auf 190°C erwärmte Hartbitumen, anschliessend das auf 90°C erwärmte Weichbitumen langsam kontinuierlich zugegeben, wobei sich die Feststoffpartikei mit dem Bindemittel umhüllen. Während der Zugabe des Bindemittels und etwa noch 20 Minuten danach wird die Masse intensiv weitergemischt. Nach Abkühlung der Masse auf eine je nach Presse geeignete Temperatur wird diese zu den erfindungsgemässen Kohlekörpem mit einer zwischen 1.5-1.7 g/cm3 liegenden Rohdichte verpresst.67% by weight of petroleum coke, 17% by weight of cuff residues from an electrolysis insert, 14% by weight of hard and 2% by weight of soft bitumen are used to produce the plastic composition. The solid has the following particle size distribution (sieve analysis):> 8 mm: 5% by weight. 3-8 mm: 24% by weight, 1-3 mm: 22% by weight, <1 mm: 49% by weight. The solids are preheated to 160 ° C and mixed homogeneously. Then the hard bitumen heated to 190 ° C. and then the soft bitumen heated to 90 ° C. are slowly added continuously, the solid particles encasing the binder. During the addition of the binder and about 20 minutes later, the mass is mixed intensively. After the mass has cooled to a temperature suitable for the press, it is pressed into the carbon bodies according to the invention with a bulk density of between 1.5-1.7 g / cm 3 .
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass diese mehrere, insbesondere zwei Kohlekörper (1, 2) mit je zwei formschlüssig aufeinanderstossenden Stimflächen (3, 4 und 5, 6) und entsprechend dem Spaten-bzw. Zapfenquerschnitt angepassten Ausnehmungen (7, 8), die den aus dem Kohlekörper ragenden Spaten bzw. Zapfen - (9) umgreifen und Bodenflächen (10, 11), die eine Ebene bilden, welche sich in Kontakt mit der Kohleanode befindet, aufweist.1. sleeve for protecting the iron spar of an anode rod for a carbon block, which serves as an anode for the electrolytic production of aluminum,
characterized,
that these several, in particular two carbon bodies (1, 2), each with two form-fitting abutting surfaces (3, 4 and 5, 6) and corresponding to the spade or Pin cross-section adapted recesses (7, 8) which encompass the spade or pin - (9) protruding from the carbon body and bottom surfaces (10, 11) which form a plane which is in contact with the carbon anode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1010/85 | 1985-03-06 | ||
| CH101085 | 1985-03-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0197887A1 true EP0197887A1 (en) | 1986-10-15 |
Family
ID=4200340
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86810101A Ceased EP0197887A1 (en) | 1985-03-06 | 1986-02-27 | Protector sleeve |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4687566A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0197887A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61264190A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU588569B2 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES296466Y (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT44293A (en) |
| IS (1) | IS1356B6 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO860809L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA861429B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2606796A1 (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1988-05-20 | Savoie Electrodes Refract | PROTECTIVE COATING FOR PREVIOUS ANODE RODS |
| WO1989010436A1 (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1989-11-02 | Robotec Engineering A/S | A method for providing a collar about an anode nipple, and a device for carrying out said method |
| EP0378842A1 (en) * | 1989-01-17 | 1990-07-25 | Hoogovens Aluminium Hüttenwerk Gmbh | Protector sleeve for current supply elements |
| EP0617145A1 (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-09-28 | Norsk Hydro A/S | Device for the protection of anode hanger nipples |
| DE10300444A1 (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2004-07-22 | Corus Aluminium Voerde Gmbh | Collar protecting connection between anode and suspension used in electrolytic cells manufacturing aluminum, comprises dense, fired carbonaceous material |
| CN100595340C (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2010-03-24 | 四川启明星铝业有限责任公司 | Kneading and compacting method for carbon anode for aluminum |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100381611C (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2008-04-16 | 李汉国 | Cold press moulding method for anode steel jaw protecting sleeve for aluminum and protecting sleeve produced thereby |
| CN106345719B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-01-18 | 贵州顺安机电设备有限公司 | A kind of carbon block cleaning equipment |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2547061A1 (en) * | 1975-10-21 | 1977-04-28 | Kaiser Preussag Aluminium Gmbh | Power supply pin protection for carbon anode in aluminium mfr. - in enclosed electrolytic cell by providing metal collar and sealing |
| EP0092704A1 (en) * | 1982-04-26 | 1983-11-02 | C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG | Use of temperature and corrosion resistant gas-tight material as a protective coating of the metal part of combination electrodes for the production of metals by igneous electrolysis, and guard rings made therefrom |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL69585C (en) * | 1947-09-08 | |||
| US2680143A (en) * | 1951-04-20 | 1954-06-01 | Elektrokemisk As | Method of supplying current to continuous electrodes |
| US3202600A (en) * | 1951-05-04 | 1965-08-24 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Current conducting element for aluminum reduction cells |
| US3024178A (en) * | 1958-04-19 | 1962-03-06 | Elektrokemisk As | Process for operating soderberg anodes with vertical contact studs |
| US3244610A (en) * | 1961-11-29 | 1966-04-05 | Union Carbide Canada Ltd | Tamped connections |
| US3398081A (en) * | 1966-04-05 | 1968-08-20 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Prebaked carbon anodes and anode assembly for the production of aluminum |
| US3745107A (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1973-07-10 | Aluminum Co Of America | Protected electrode lead for use in a corrosive environment |
| US3745106A (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1973-07-10 | Aluminum Co Of America | Fluid sheathed electrode lead for use in a corrosive environment |
| US4297180A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1981-10-27 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of metal |
| CH625560A5 (en) * | 1977-12-16 | 1981-09-30 | Alusuisse | |
| US4145564A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1979-03-20 | Andrew Dennie J | Non-consumable electrode with replaceable graphite tip |
| DE2910811C2 (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1982-02-18 | Schweizerische Aluminium AG, 3965 Chippis | Power supply device for electrodes |
| JPS57200586A (en) * | 1981-06-02 | 1982-12-08 | Mitsubishi Keikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Method of replacing anode spike |
| CH660030A5 (en) * | 1982-07-12 | 1987-03-13 | Alusuisse | CATHODE PAN OF AN ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS CELL. |
| EP0119366A1 (en) * | 1982-09-13 | 1984-09-26 | Moise Piat | Toilet device having a hydraulic valve incorporated in the last part of the siphon |
-
1986
- 1986-02-07 US US06/827,082 patent/US4687566A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-02-11 AU AU53392/86A patent/AU588569B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-02-19 IS IS3078A patent/IS1356B6/en unknown
- 1986-02-24 ES ES1986296466U patent/ES296466Y/en not_active Expired
- 1986-02-26 ZA ZA861429A patent/ZA861429B/en unknown
- 1986-02-27 EP EP86810101A patent/EP0197887A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-03-04 NO NO860809A patent/NO860809L/no unknown
- 1986-03-05 HU HU86916A patent/HUT44293A/en unknown
- 1986-03-06 JP JP61049521A patent/JPS61264190A/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-10-01 ES ES557766A patent/ES8900233A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2547061A1 (en) * | 1975-10-21 | 1977-04-28 | Kaiser Preussag Aluminium Gmbh | Power supply pin protection for carbon anode in aluminium mfr. - in enclosed electrolytic cell by providing metal collar and sealing |
| EP0092704A1 (en) * | 1982-04-26 | 1983-11-02 | C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG | Use of temperature and corrosion resistant gas-tight material as a protective coating of the metal part of combination electrodes for the production of metals by igneous electrolysis, and guard rings made therefrom |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2606796A1 (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1988-05-20 | Savoie Electrodes Refract | PROTECTIVE COATING FOR PREVIOUS ANODE RODS |
| EP0269534A1 (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1988-06-01 | S.E.R.S. SOCIETE DES ELECTRODES & REFRACTAIRES SAVOIE | Protective coating for studs and emerging parts of prebaked anodes |
| WO1989010436A1 (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1989-11-02 | Robotec Engineering A/S | A method for providing a collar about an anode nipple, and a device for carrying out said method |
| US5096631A (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1992-03-17 | Robotec Engineering A/S | Method and device for providing a collar about an anode nipple |
| EP0378842A1 (en) * | 1989-01-17 | 1990-07-25 | Hoogovens Aluminium Hüttenwerk Gmbh | Protector sleeve for current supply elements |
| EP0617145A1 (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-09-28 | Norsk Hydro A/S | Device for the protection of anode hanger nipples |
| DE10300444A1 (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2004-07-22 | Corus Aluminium Voerde Gmbh | Collar protecting connection between anode and suspension used in electrolytic cells manufacturing aluminum, comprises dense, fired carbonaceous material |
| CN100595340C (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2010-03-24 | 四川启明星铝业有限责任公司 | Kneading and compacting method for carbon anode for aluminum |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4687566A (en) | 1987-08-18 |
| AU5339286A (en) | 1986-09-11 |
| ZA861429B (en) | 1986-10-29 |
| IS3078A7 (en) | 1986-09-07 |
| NO860809L (en) | 1986-09-08 |
| ES557766A0 (en) | 1989-05-01 |
| AU588569B2 (en) | 1989-09-21 |
| ES296466U (en) | 1989-03-16 |
| IS1356B6 (en) | 1989-04-19 |
| ES296466Y (en) | 1989-09-01 |
| JPS61264190A (en) | 1986-11-22 |
| ES8900233A1 (en) | 1989-05-01 |
| HUT44293A (en) | 1988-02-29 |
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