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EP0190691B1 - Bearing material - Google Patents

Bearing material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190691B1
EP0190691B1 EP86101337A EP86101337A EP0190691B1 EP 0190691 B1 EP0190691 B1 EP 0190691B1 EP 86101337 A EP86101337 A EP 86101337A EP 86101337 A EP86101337 A EP 86101337A EP 0190691 B1 EP0190691 B1 EP 0190691B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bearing
weight
aluminum
bearing material
tin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86101337A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0190691A1 (en
Inventor
Kenneth Lloyd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JPI Transportation Products Inc
Original Assignee
JPI Transportation Products Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by JPI Transportation Products Inc filed Critical JPI Transportation Products Inc
Publication of EP0190691A1 publication Critical patent/EP0190691A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12757—Fe

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a bearing comprising an aluminum base bearing material bonded to a steel backing without an overlay plate on the exposed surface of the bearing material.
  • Plain bearing materials require good surface properties since they must slide against the mating surface without causing wear to either surface and without 'seizing' i.e. welding to the mating surface.
  • This property usually requires that the alloy is soft and has a low melting point, or contains a low melting point constituent.
  • the alloy also needs to be capable of carrying the load imposed by the mating surface, which is often cyclic in nature, without break-up or fatigue of the bearing alloy.
  • This property usually requires that the alloy be strong and strong alloys are usually hard. A compromise of property requirements in balancing both soft and hard attributes is necessary.
  • the problem to be solved by this invention is to develop an aluminum alloy with a much better -combination of bearing properties than those alloys currently available.
  • a bearing comprising a bearing material bonded to a steel backing and without an overlay plate bearing material consisting of
  • an engine bearing material should withstand the cyclic loads imparted during operation.
  • a strengthening addition can be made to the aluminum alloy.
  • One such strengthening addition is copper, which at small additions of around 1% by weight, imparts the necessary strength without deleteriously affecting the surface properties.
  • Other strengthening and/or hard parties forming additives such as nickel, manganese, chromium, zinc, and/or antimony, could be made and small additions of tin could be included to improve corrosion resistance.
  • the resultant aluminum-bismuth family of alloys have the ability to run in engine bearing environments without the necessity of an expensive overlay plate of lead-tin alloy currently utilized on most engine bearings.
  • any of the formulations according to this invention there may be corrosion resistant, strengthening and/or hard particle forming additions of any one or more of the materials selected from the group consisting of nickel, manganese, chromium, tin, antimony, and zinc in an amount by weight of each material selected up to 1% if nickel, manganese, or chromium and up to 5% if tin, antimony, or zinc.
  • the results of actual bearing surface property testing are shown in the table below together with the measurements of the tensile strength of the bearing alloy.
  • the property of seizure resistance was determined using a well-known standard method under laboratory conditions. The sample of bearing material is held against a rotating steel shaft under conditions of sparse lubrication. If the specimen survives 30 minutes at the first load without 'seizing' to the shaft, the load is increased to the next level (by increments of 9.06 kg (20 fbs) and run for a further 30 minutes and so on.
  • Alloy No. 9 is according to the present invention.
  • Alloys 1 and 2 as well as 3 to 9 and 10 to 11 show alloys the composition of which is at least with respect to one element outside the scope the present invention.
  • the aluminum-20% tin alloys No. A and No. B are standard materials made by two manufacturers which are currently in use. These aluminum-20% tin alloys are probably the most used aluminum alloys in engine bearings world-wide.
  • the table shows that the bearing alloys made according to this invention have superior bearing surface properties and tensile strength.
  • the table also shows that surface properties and tensile strength are enhanced by small additions of lead.
  • a bearing made by bonding the bearing material of this invention to a steel backing is capable of operating without seizure in modern engines and without the necessity of an overlay plate.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Description

  • This invention relates to a bearing comprising an aluminum base bearing material bonded to a steel backing without an overlay plate on the exposed surface of the bearing material.
  • Plain bearing materials require good surface properties since they must slide against the mating surface without causing wear to either surface and without 'seizing' i.e. welding to the mating surface. This property usually requires that the alloy is soft and has a low melting point, or contains a low melting point constituent. The alloy also needs to be capable of carrying the load imposed by the mating surface, which is often cyclic in nature, without break-up or fatigue of the bearing alloy. This property usually requires that the alloy be strong and strong alloys are usually hard. A compromise of property requirements in balancing both soft and hard attributes is necessary.
  • There are three well established aluminum alloys in use today as engine bearing materials each consisting of an aluminum material and a major alloying addition of a soft, low melting point metal. These three alloy systems are aluminum-cadmium, aluminum-tin and aluminum-lead.
  • The problem to be solved by this invention is to develop an aluminum alloy with a much better -combination of bearing properties than those alloys currently available.
  • According to the present invention there is provided a bearing comprising a bearing material bonded to a steel backing and without an overlay plate bearing material consisting of
    • 4.25%-7% by weight of bismuth,
    • 2%-2.5% by weight of silicon,
    • .7%-1.3% by weight of copper,
    • 1.25%-2.3% by weight of lead,
    • Balance aluminum.
  • The addition of bismuth results in superior anti-seizure properties with respect to those alloys currently used. The higher the additions of bismuth the better the surface properties become, but there are practical limitations to the amount of bismuth which can be accommodated in an aluminum alloy by a casting process.
  • Testing has shown, however, that even at bismuth contents as low as 4%-5%, the bearing surface properties are superior to the standard aluminum alloys currently in use. This surface property can be further enhanced by small additions of lead.
  • In order to impart sufficient wear resistance to the alloy, it is advisable to make small additions of an element or elements which produce a fine dispersion of hard particles in the aluminum matrix. An excellent element for this purpose is silicon which also improves the strength and surface properties.
  • Another important property of an engine bearing material is that it should withstand the cyclic loads imparted during operation. For this purpose a strengthening addition can be made to the aluminum alloy. One such strengthening addition is copper, which at small additions of around 1% by weight, imparts the necessary strength without deleteriously affecting the surface properties. Other strengthening and/or hard parties forming additives such as nickel, manganese, chromium, zinc, and/or antimony, could be made and small additions of tin could be included to improve corrosion resistance.
  • The resultant aluminum-bismuth family of alloys have the ability to run in engine bearing environments without the necessity of an expensive overlay plate of lead-tin alloy currently utilized on most engine bearings.
  • In any of the formulations according to this invention there may be corrosion resistant, strengthening and/or hard particle forming additions of any one or more of the materials selected from the group consisting of nickel, manganese, chromium, tin, antimony, and zinc in an amount by weight of each material selected up to 1% if nickel, manganese, or chromium and up to 5% if tin, antimony, or zinc.
  • The results of actual bearing surface property testing are shown in the table below together with the measurements of the tensile strength of the bearing alloy. The property of seizure resistance was determined using a well-known standard method under laboratory conditions. The sample of bearing material is held against a rotating steel shaft under conditions of sparse lubrication. If the specimen survives 30 minutes at the first load without 'seizing' to the shaft, the load is increased to the next level (by increments of 9.06 kg (20 fbs) and run for a further 30 minutes and so on.
    Figure imgb0001
  • Alloy No. 9 is according to the present invention. Alloys 1 and 2 as well as 3 to 9 and 10 to 11 show alloys the composition of which is at least with respect to one element outside the scope the present invention.
  • The aluminum-20% tin alloys No. A and No. B are standard materials made by two manufacturers which are currently in use. These aluminum-20% tin alloys are probably the most used aluminum alloys in engine bearings world-wide.
  • The table shows that the bearing alloys made according to this invention have superior bearing surface properties and tensile strength.
  • The table also shows that surface properties and tensile strength are enhanced by small additions of lead.
  • A bearing made by bonding the bearing material of this invention to a steel backing is capable of operating without seizure in modern engines and without the necessity of an overlay plate.

Claims (2)

1. A bearing comprising bearing material bonded to a steel backing and without an overlay plate on the exposed surface of the bearing material, said bearing material consisting of
4.25%-7% by weight of bismuth,
2%-2.5% by weight of silicon,
.7%-1.3% by weight of copper,
1.25%-2.3% by weight of lead,
Balance aluminum.
2. A bearing as defined in Claim 1, wherein said bearing material additionally at the expense of aluminum includes any one or more of the materials selected from the group consisting of nickel, manganese, chromium, tin, antimony, and zinc in an amount by weight of each material selected up to 1 % if nickel, manganese, or chromium and up to 5% if tin, antimony or zinc.
EP86101337A 1985-02-01 1986-01-31 Bearing material Expired - Lifetime EP0190691B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US697158 1985-02-01
US06/697,158 US4590133A (en) 1985-02-01 1985-02-01 Bearing material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0190691A1 EP0190691A1 (en) 1986-08-13
EP0190691B1 true EP0190691B1 (en) 1990-03-28

Family

ID=24800046

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86101337A Expired - Lifetime EP0190691B1 (en) 1985-02-01 1986-01-31 Bearing material

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4590133A (en)
EP (1) EP0190691B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61177349A (en)
DE (1) DE3669894D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3185219B2 (en) * 1990-11-30 2001-07-09 大豊工業株式会社 Aluminum bearing alloy
GB9103481D0 (en) * 1991-02-20 1991-04-10 T & N Technology Ltd Bearings
US5770323A (en) * 1991-02-20 1998-06-23 T & N Technology Limited Bearings
IL123503A (en) 1998-03-01 2001-01-11 Elecmatec Electro Magnetic Tec Aluminum-bismuth bearing alloy and methods for its continuous casting
US6409966B1 (en) 1998-05-19 2002-06-25 Reynolds Metals Company Free machining aluminum alloy containing bismuth or bismuth-tin for free machining and a method of use
US6510726B1 (en) 1998-12-23 2003-01-28 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Bismuth tracer bearings
US6315947B1 (en) 2000-05-23 2001-11-13 Reynolds Metals Company Free-machining aluminum alloy and method of use
EP1434665B1 (en) * 2001-10-08 2008-09-10 Federal-Mogul Corporation Lead-free bearing
DE102004045110B3 (en) * 2004-09-17 2006-01-19 Daimlerchrysler Ag Highly wear-resistant and durable bearing coating for crankshaft and connecting rod bearings
DE102004055228B4 (en) * 2004-11-17 2010-09-30 Daimler Ag Thermally sprayed bearing shells for connecting rods
DE102005001537B3 (en) * 2005-01-13 2006-05-18 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Friction bearing material for automobile internal combustion engines, comprises steel carrier layer coated with lead-free aluminum alloy comprising zinc supersaturated aluminum mixed crystals in which zinc particles are finely distributed
AT504220B1 (en) * 2006-12-13 2008-04-15 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Sliding bearing for sliding surface, has bearing metal layer, supported by support shell, made of aluminum or copper alloy and having lead-free running layer, applied to bearing metal layer over intermediate layer
DE102007033563A1 (en) 2007-07-19 2009-01-22 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Plain bearing composite material
DE102015112550B3 (en) * 2015-07-30 2016-12-08 Zollern Bhw Gleitlager Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for the preparation of a monotectic alloy
US9850588B2 (en) 2015-09-09 2017-12-26 Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc Bismuth electroplating baths and methods of electroplating bismuth on a substrate
DE102017113216A1 (en) 2017-06-15 2018-12-20 Zollern Bhw Gleitlager Gmbh & Co. Kg Monotectic aluminum plain bearing alloy and process for its production and thus manufactured sliding bearing
CN108247298A (en) * 2018-01-17 2018-07-06 苏州虎伏新材料科技有限公司 A kind of bimetallic material for being used to prepare sliding bearing tile fragment and preparation method thereof

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1089882A (en) 1952-12-27 1955-03-22 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum alloy and bush or bearing made from this alloy
GB737074A (en) 1952-12-27 1955-09-21 Gen Motors Corp Aluminium base alloy and bearings
DE943855C (en) 1936-12-17 1956-06-01 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Use of an aluminum alloy as the bearing metal
US2752240A (en) 1952-12-27 1956-06-26 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum base alloy bearing
DE1758090A1 (en) 1968-04-02 1971-06-09 Eugen Dr Maders Aluminum-titanium-lead alloy
DE2809866A1 (en) 1977-08-09 1979-02-22 Daido Metal Co Ltd Bearing alloy based on aluminum
US4278740A (en) 1978-07-11 1981-07-14 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum-tin base bearing alloy and composite
JPS5864333A (en) 1981-10-15 1983-04-16 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd Aluminum alloy bearing
US4471031A (en) 1981-10-15 1984-09-11 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Al-Si-Pb Bearing alloy and bearing composite

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2026546A (en) * 1933-09-18 1936-01-07 Aluminum Co Of America Free cutting alloys
US2026540A (en) * 1933-09-18 1936-01-07 Aluminum Co Of America Free cutting alloys
US3410331A (en) * 1966-03-16 1968-11-12 Gen Motors Corp Method of casting an aluminumbased bearing alloy
US3562884A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-02-16 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum-based alloy bearing material and method of making
US3753695A (en) * 1970-02-13 1973-08-21 Glacier Metal Co Ltd Bearing materials
GB2080826B (en) * 1980-01-10 1984-07-25 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd Aluminium-based alloy bearing

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE943855C (en) 1936-12-17 1956-06-01 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Use of an aluminum alloy as the bearing metal
FR1089882A (en) 1952-12-27 1955-03-22 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum alloy and bush or bearing made from this alloy
GB737074A (en) 1952-12-27 1955-09-21 Gen Motors Corp Aluminium base alloy and bearings
US2752240A (en) 1952-12-27 1956-06-26 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum base alloy bearing
DE1758090A1 (en) 1968-04-02 1971-06-09 Eugen Dr Maders Aluminum-titanium-lead alloy
DE2809866A1 (en) 1977-08-09 1979-02-22 Daido Metal Co Ltd Bearing alloy based on aluminum
US4278740A (en) 1978-07-11 1981-07-14 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum-tin base bearing alloy and composite
US4278740B1 (en) 1978-07-11 1991-09-17 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
JPS5864333A (en) 1981-10-15 1983-04-16 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd Aluminum alloy bearing
US4471031A (en) 1981-10-15 1984-09-11 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Al-Si-Pb Bearing alloy and bearing composite

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DR. ING. R. KÜHNEL, WERKSTOFFE FÜR GLEITLAGER, 1952, pages 177 - 179

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0190691A1 (en) 1986-08-13
US4590133A (en) 1986-05-20
DE3669894D1 (en) 1990-05-03
JPS61177349A (en) 1986-08-09

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