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EP0179734A2 - Process and apparatus for making sponge iron, especially pig iron - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for making sponge iron, especially pig iron Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0179734A2
EP0179734A2 EP85730134A EP85730134A EP0179734A2 EP 0179734 A2 EP0179734 A2 EP 0179734A2 EP 85730134 A EP85730134 A EP 85730134A EP 85730134 A EP85730134 A EP 85730134A EP 0179734 A2 EP0179734 A2 EP 0179734A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
level
bustle
reducing gas
shaft furnace
bustle level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85730134A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0179734B1 (en
EP0179734A3 (en
Inventor
Rolf Dr. Hauk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Deutsche Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH
Korf Engineering GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH, Korf Engineering GmbH filed Critical Deutsche Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH
Priority to AT85730134T priority Critical patent/ATE48651T1/en
Publication of EP0179734A2 publication Critical patent/EP0179734A2/en
Publication of EP0179734A3 publication Critical patent/EP0179734A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0179734B1 publication Critical patent/EP0179734B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
    • C21B13/002—Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • C21B13/029—Introducing coolant gas in the shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
    • C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/64—Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a sponge iron or pig iron from iron ore, which is reduced in a reduction shaft furnace by means of a hot reducing gas to sponge iron, which in the shaft furnace at the level of the bustle with a temperature in the range between 750 and 900 ° C and is initiated below the bustle level, and a device for performing this method.
  • Such a method or such a device is known from DE-PS 30 34 539.
  • hot reducing gas is generated in a melter gasifier below the reduction shaft furnace, which in each case after cooling via a central gas inlet and via the outlet openings of the shaft furnace connected to the meltdown gasifier is introduced.
  • the introduction via the outlet openings is an inevitable consequence of the direct connection of the lower part of the reduction shaft furnace to the melter gasifier via downpipes for transferring the sponge iron into the melter gasifier without the use of locks or shut-off devices.
  • Efforts are therefore made to make the proportion of the amount of the reducing gas supplied via the outlet openings in relation to the proportion of the amount of the reducing gas supplied via the central inlet as small as possible by appropriate setting of the respective flow resistances.
  • Both gas streams are cooled to the extent that they have a temperature in the range from 760 ° C to 850 ° C when they enter the reduction shaft furnace.
  • no special measures are taken to increase the carbon content of the sponge iron or pig iron produced.
  • one is often interested in pig iron with a high carbon content. The prerequisite for this is that the pre-reduced iron ore, that is, the sponge iron, has a corresponding carbon enrichment.
  • the temperature of the reducing gas introduced below the bustle level is set to a value below the temperature of the reducing gas introduced at the level of the bustle level.
  • the temperature of the reducing gas introduced below the bustle level is preferably set to a value within the range from approximately 650 to 750 ° C.
  • the residence time of the reduced iron ore in the region between the bustle level and the level of the inlets for the reducing gas lying below the bustle level is chosen to be as long as possible.
  • the ratio of the amount of the reducing gas supplied below the bustle level to the amount of the reducing gas supplied at the level of the bustle level is preferably chosen to be as large as possible.
  • the object is achieved in that the shaft furnace in the area between the bustle level and the inlet openings for the reducing gas has a larger cross section below the bustle level than above the bustle level.
  • the conduction path for the reducing gas supplied below the bustle level preferably has as little resistance as possible and the distance between the bustle level and the level of the reducing gas inlets below the bustle level is as small as possible.
  • Dust on the outer surface of the sponge iron has no advantages, since this dust is rubbed off again in the downstream melter, for example.
  • the formation of cementite is favored at higher temperatures, but this takes place only to a limited extent.
  • the reduction of iron ore is carried out at temperatures of approx. 850 ° C. At these temperatures, only a little carbon can separate from the reducing gas, especially when its CO 2 content is above 3%.
  • the process according to the invention therefore takes place in a two-stage process in which the iron ore is first reduced at a temperature of approximately 850 ° C. and then the sponge iron produced at a lower temperature, ie preferably in the range from 650 ° C. to 750 ° C. ° C is carburized.
  • the device shown schematically in Fig. 1 is used for the direct production of molten pig iron from lumpy iron ore with a.
  • the iron ore is introduced through an inlet 3 into the upper part of the shaft furnace 1, while the blast furnace gas generated in the shaft furnace is led out through an outlet 4 in the upper part of the furnace.
  • the iron ore fed in is reduced essentially above the bustle level 5, at the level of which reducing gas with a known composition and a temperature of preferably 850 ° C. is introduced via inlets 6 arranged in a ring on the circumference of the reduction shaft furnace 1.
  • the reduction shaft furnace 1 and the melter gasifier 2 arranged underneath are connected to one another by downpipes 7.
  • These downpipes 7 open on the one hand in openings in the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace 1 and on the other hand in openings in the upper part of the melter gasifier 2. They are used to transfer the sponge iron produced by reducing the iron ore from the shaft furnace 1 into the meltdown gasifier 2 and to convey the reduction gas generated in the meltdown gasifier 2 in the lower region of the shaft furnace 1.
  • the reducing gas having a temperature of approximately 1000 ° C. in the melter gasifier 2 is cooled down to such an extent that it only has a temperature of approximately 700 ° C. upon entry into the reduction shaft furnace 1.
  • the cooling is carried out by admixing the appropriate amount of cooling gas, which is introduced from a manifold 8 via a line 9 into the downpipes 7.
  • a reducing gas is also led out via a line 10, to which cooling gas is mixed via a line 11, in such a way that the gas has a temperature of about 850 ° C.
  • This is freed of dust particles in a cyclone 12 and then introduced into the reduction shaft furnace 1 in the bustle level 5.
  • the dust accumulating in the cyclone 12 is returned to the melter 2 via a line 13.
  • the carbon separation depends not only on the reaction temperature, but also on the amount of the reducing gas flowing into the reduction shaft furnace 1 through the downpipes 7 and on the length of time that the sponge iron remains in this gas stream, the carbon separation can additionally be dimensioned accordingly by the size below the bustle. Level part of the reduction shaft furnace 1 can be influenced.
  • a further possibility for controlling the carburization in the lower area of the shaft furnace 1 consists in a corresponding setting the flow resistances for the two partial flows of the reducing gas.
  • the pressure loss in the cyclone 12 and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the shaft furnace 1 below the bustle level 5 to the distance between the bustle level and the inlet openings of the downpipes 7 in the shaft furnace can be increased will. It should be noted that it is not possible to regulate the partial flow quantities by means of regulating flaps in the hot dust-containing gases.
  • the ratio of the amount of the supplied through the downpipes 7 R edutations- gas to the amount of supplied in the Bustle plane 5 reducing gas is between 0.1 and 0.5, preferably at 0.3.
  • the volume resistance for the reducing gas to be supplied in the bustle level 5 is such that it corresponds to a pressure drop between 10 and 100 mbar.
  • the residence time of the reduced iron in the area between the bustle level 5 and the inlet openings of the downpipes 7 in the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace is between 1 and 4 hours, preferably about 3 hours.
  • the long dwell time of the sponge iron in the reducing gas stream rising from the downpipes 7 is achieved by the largest possible volume of the reduction shaft furnace 1 between the bustle level 5 and the level in which the downpipes 7 open into the shaft furnace. It should be noted here that if the distance between the two levels mentioned is increased, the volume of the shaft furnace in this area is increased accordingly, but the flow resistance for the ascending reducing gas increases and thus the amount of gas is reduced accordingly. This problem can be solved in such a way that the shaft cross-section below the bustle level 5 is increased, whereby the volume of this area of the shaft furnace 1 is increased while the flow resistance remains the same.
  • the ratio of the distance between the bustle level 5 and the inlet openings of the downpipes 7 in the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace to the diameter of the shaft furnace in this region is preferably between 0.5 and 1.0.
  • the flow resistances can be further controlled by appropriate dimensioning of the line cross-sections and by an additional pressure loss of the bustle.
  • FIG. 2 are those parts which correspond to those of the device according to FIG. 1. provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the essential difference between these two devices is that the device according to FIG. 2 has a coal gasifier 14 instead of a melter gasifier.
  • This generates the reducing gas required for the reduction shaft furnace 1 from coal and oxygen in a known manner. Since this has a temperature of approximately 1500 ° C. when it emerges from the coal gasifier 14, it is first cooled to 1000 ° C. in a waste heat system 15.
  • the reducing gas stream is then divided into two partial streams, wherein the one partial flow via line 10 after cooling to 850 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Eisenschwamms aus Eisenerz, das in einem Reduktionsschachtofen mittels eines heißen Reduktionsgases zu Eisenschwamm reduziert wird, beschrieben. Hierzu wird in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene (5) in einem Vergaser (2) erzeugtes, gekühltes und in einem Zyklon (12) gereinigtes Reduktionsgas mit einer Temperatur im Bereich zwischen 750 und 900° C in den Schachtofen (1) eingeleitet. Unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) wird Reduktionsgas mit einer Temperatur, die unterhalb der Temperatur des in der Bustle-Ebene eingeleiteten Reduktionsgases liegt, vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 650 und 750°C, in den Schachtofen (1) eingeführt. Est wird eine erhöhte Aufkohlung des Eisenschwamms erreicht. Eine verstärkte Kohlenstoffabscheidung ergibt sich weiterhin durch eine Volumenvergrößerung insbesondere durch eine Querschnittserweiterung des unteren Teils des Schachtofens. Schließlich wird die Aufkohlung auch dadurch begünstigt, daß das Verhältnis der Menge des unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene zugeführten Reduktionsgases zur Menge des in der Bustle-Ebene zugeführten Reduktionsgases möglichst groß gemacht wird.

Figure imgaf001
A method for producing an iron sponge from iron ore, which is reduced to iron sponge in a reduction shaft furnace by means of a hot reducing gas, is described. For this purpose, reducing gas generated, cooled and cleaned in a cyclone (12) at a temperature in the range between 750 and 900 ° C. is introduced into the shaft furnace (1) at the level of the bustle (5). Below the bustle level (5), reducing gas is introduced into the shaft furnace (1) at a temperature which is below the temperature of the reducing gas introduced in the bustle level, preferably in the range between 650 and 750 ° C. An increased carburization of the sponge iron is achieved. Increased carbon separation also results from an increase in volume, in particular through an expansion of the cross section of the lower part of the shaft furnace. Finally, carburization is also favored by making the ratio of the amount of the reducing gas supplied below the bustle level to the amount of the reducing gas supplied in the bustle level as large as possible.
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Eisenschwamms bzw. Roheisens aus Eisenerz, das in einem Reduktionsschachtofen mittels eines heißen Reduktionsgases zu Eisenschwamm reduziert wird, das in den Schachtofen in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene mit einer Temperatur im Bereich zwischen 750 und 900° C sowie unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene eingeleitet wird, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for producing a sponge iron or pig iron from iron ore, which is reduced in a reduction shaft furnace by means of a hot reducing gas to sponge iron, which in the shaft furnace at the level of the bustle with a temperature in the range between 750 and 900 ° C and is initiated below the bustle level, and a device for performing this method.

Ein derartiges Verfahren bzw. eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus der DE-PS 30 34 539 bekannt. Hierbei wird in einem Einschmelzvergaser unterhalb des Reduktionsschachtofens heißes Reduktionsgas erzeugt, das jeweils nach Abkühlung über einen mittleren Gaseinlaß und über die mit dem Einschmelzvergaser verbundenen Austrittsöffnungen des Schachtofens in diesen eingeführt wird. Die Einführung über die Austrittsöffnungen ist eine zwangsläufige Folge der direkten Verbindung des unteren Teils des Reduktionsschachtofens mit dem Einschmelzvergaser über Fallrohre zur Überführung des Eisenschwamms in den Einschmelzvergaser ohne die Verwendung von Schleusen oder Absperrorganen. Man ist daher bestrebt, den Anteil der Menge des über die Austrittsöffnungen zugeführten Reduktionsgases im Verhältnis zum Anteil der Menge des über den mittleren Einlaß zugeführten Reduktionsgases durch entsprechende Einstellung der jeweiligen Strömungswiderstände möglichst klein zu machen. Beide Gasströme werden in dem Maße abgekühlt, daß sie bei Eintritt in den Reduktionsschachtofen eine Temperatur im Bereich von 760° C bis 850° C besitzen. Bei dem bekannten Verfahren und der hierfür verwendeten Vorrichtung werden keine besonderen Maßnahmen getroffen, um den Kohlenstoffgehalt des erzeugten Eisenschwamms bzw. Roheisens zu erhöhen. Für die verfahrensführungsschmelzmetallurgischer Prozesse ist man jedoch häufig an einem Roheisen mit hohem Kohlenstoffgehalt interessiert. Hierfür ist Voraussetzung, daß bereits das vorreduzierte Eisenerz, das heißt der Eisenschwamm, eine entsprechende Kohlenstoffanreicherung aufweist.Such a method or such a device is known from DE-PS 30 34 539. Here, hot reducing gas is generated in a melter gasifier below the reduction shaft furnace, which in each case after cooling via a central gas inlet and via the outlet openings of the shaft furnace connected to the meltdown gasifier is introduced. The introduction via the outlet openings is an inevitable consequence of the direct connection of the lower part of the reduction shaft furnace to the melter gasifier via downpipes for transferring the sponge iron into the melter gasifier without the use of locks or shut-off devices. Efforts are therefore made to make the proportion of the amount of the reducing gas supplied via the outlet openings in relation to the proportion of the amount of the reducing gas supplied via the central inlet as small as possible by appropriate setting of the respective flow resistances. Both gas streams are cooled to the extent that they have a temperature in the range from 760 ° C to 850 ° C when they enter the reduction shaft furnace. In the known method and the device used for this, no special measures are taken to increase the carbon content of the sponge iron or pig iron produced. However, for process melt metallurgical processes, one is often interested in pig iron with a high carbon content. The prerequisite for this is that the pre-reduced iron ore, that is, the sponge iron, has a corresponding carbon enrichment.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, bei dem bzw. der ein kohlenstoffreicher Eisenschwamm erhalten wird.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which a carbon-rich sponge iron is obtained.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem Verfahren erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zur Erhöhung des des Kohlenstoffgehalts des Eisenschwamms bzw. Roheisens die Temperatur des unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene eingeleiteten Reduktionsgases auf einen Wert unterhalb der Temperatur des in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene eingeleiteten Reduktionsgases eingestellt wird. Hierbei wird die Temperatur des unterhalb des Bustle-Ebene eingeleiteten Reduktionsgases vorzugsweise auf einen Wert innerhalb des Bereiches von ca. 650 bis 750° C eingestellt. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung dieses Verfahrens wird die Verweilzeit des reduzierten Eisenerzes im Bereich zwischen der Bustle-Ebene und der Ebene der unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene liegenden Einlässe für das Reduktionsgas möglichst groß gewählt. Weiterhin wird vorzugsweise das Verhältnis der Menge des unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene zugeführten Reduktionsgases zur Menge des in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene zugeführten Reduktionsgases möglichst groß gewählt.This object is achieved in the method according to the invention in that to increase the of the carbon content of the sponge iron or pig iron, the temperature of the reducing gas introduced below the bustle level is set to a value below the temperature of the reducing gas introduced at the level of the bustle level. Here, the temperature of the reducing gas introduced below the bustle level is preferably set to a value within the range from approximately 650 to 750 ° C. According to an advantageous development of this method, the residence time of the reduced iron ore in the region between the bustle level and the level of the inlets for the reducing gas lying below the bustle level is chosen to be as long as possible. Furthermore, the ratio of the amount of the reducing gas supplied below the bustle level to the amount of the reducing gas supplied at the level of the bustle level is preferably chosen to be as large as possible.

Bei der Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des genannten Verfahrens wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Schachtofen im Bereich zwischen der Bustle-Ebene und den Einlaßöffnungen für das Reduktionsgas unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene einen größeren Querschnitt besitzt als oberhalb der Bustle-Ebene. Vorzugsweise besitzt hierzu der Leitungsweg für das unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene zugeführte Reduktionsgas einen möglichst geringen Widerstand und ist der Abstand zwischen der Bustle-Ebene und der Ebene der unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene liegenden Reduktionsgas-Einlässe möglichst gering.In the device for performing the aforementioned method, the object is achieved in that the shaft furnace in the area between the bustle level and the inlet openings for the reducing gas has a larger cross section below the bustle level than above the bustle level. For this purpose, the conduction path for the reducing gas supplied below the bustle level preferably has as little resistance as possible and the distance between the bustle level and the level of the reducing gas inlets below the bustle level is as small as possible.

Die Kohlenstoffanlagerung an die innere Oberfläche des Eisenschwamms läuft über die Reaktionen

Figure imgb0001

ab. Die Anlagerung von kohlenstoffhaltigemThe carbon accumulation on the inner surface of the sponge iron proceeds via the reactions
Figure imgb0001
from. The accumulation of carbonaceous

Staub an die äußere Oberfläche des Eisenschwamms bringt dagegen keine Vorteile, da dieser Staub beispielsweise im nachgeschalteten Einschmelzvergaser wieder abgerieben wird. Die Zementitbildung ist bei höheren Temperaturen begünstigt, doch läuft diese nur in begrenztem Maße ab.Dust on the outer surface of the sponge iron, on the other hand, has no advantages, since this dust is rubbed off again in the downstream melter, for example. The formation of cementite is favored at higher temperatures, but this takes place only to a limited extent.

Der CO-Zerfall über die Boudouard-Reaktion ist dagegen bei niedrigen Temperaturen begünstigt.In contrast, the CO decay via the Boudouard reaction is favored at low temperatures.

Die Reduktion des Eisenerzes wird bei Temperaturen von ca. 850° C durchgeführt. Bei diesen Temperaturen kann sich nur wenig Kohlenstoff aus dem Reduktionsgas abscheiden, insbesondere dann, wenn dessen C02-Gehalt über 3 % liegt. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren findet daher eine zweistufige Prozeßführung statt, bei der zunächst die Reduktion des Eisenerzes bei einer Temperatur von ca. 850° C durchgeführt wird und anschließend der erzeugte Eisenschwamm bei einer niedrigeren Temperatur, das heißt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 650° C bis 750° C aufgekohlt wird.The reduction of iron ore is carried out at temperatures of approx. 850 ° C. At these temperatures, only a little carbon can separate from the reducing gas, especially when its CO 2 content is above 3%. The process according to the invention therefore takes place in a two-stage process in which the iron ore is first reduced at a temperature of approximately 850 ° C. and then the sponge iron produced at a lower temperature, ie preferably in the range from 650 ° C. to 750 ° C. ° C is carburized.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand in den Figuren dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Roheisen aus Eisenerz mit einem Einschmelzvergaser und
  • Fig. 2 eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Eisenschwamm aus Eisenerz mit einem Kohlevergaser.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a device for producing pig iron from iron ore with a melter and
  • Fig. 2 shows a device for producing sponge iron from iron ore with a coal gasifier.

Die in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte Vorrichtung dient zur direkten Erzeugung von flüssigem Roheisen aus stückigem Eisenerz mit einem . Reduktionsschachtofen 1 und einem Einschmelzvergaser 2. Das Eisenerz wird über einen Einlaß 3 in den oberen Teil des Schachtofens 1 eingeführt, während das im Schachtofen erzeugte Gichtgas durch einen Auslaß 4 im oberen Teil des Ofens herausgeführt wird. Die Reduktion des zugeführten Eisenerzes erfolgt im wesentlichen oberhalb der Bustle-Ebene 5, in deren Höhe Reduktionsgas mit bekannter Zusammensetzung und mit einer Temperatur von vorzugsweise 850° C über ringförmig am Umfang des Reduktionsschachtofens 1 angeordnete Einlässe 6 eingeleitet wird.The device shown schematically in Fig. 1 is used for the direct production of molten pig iron from lumpy iron ore with a. Reduction shaft furnace 1 and a melter gasifier 2. The iron ore is introduced through an inlet 3 into the upper part of the shaft furnace 1, while the blast furnace gas generated in the shaft furnace is led out through an outlet 4 in the upper part of the furnace. The iron ore fed in is reduced essentially above the bustle level 5, at the level of which reducing gas with a known composition and a temperature of preferably 850 ° C. is introduced via inlets 6 arranged in a ring on the circumference of the reduction shaft furnace 1.

Der Reduktionsschachtofen 1 und der darunter angeordnete Einschmelzvergaser 2 sind durch Fallrohre 7 miteinander verbunden. Diese Fallrohre 7 münden einerseits in öffnungen im Boden des Reduktionsschachtofens 1 und andererseits in öffnungen im oberen Teil des Einschmelzvergasers 2. Sie dienen zur Überführung des durch Reduktion des Eisenerzes erzeugten Eisenschwamms vom Schachtofen 1 in den Einschmelzvergaser 2 sowie zur Beförderung des im Einschmelzvergaser 2 erzeugten Reduktionsgases in den unteren Bereich des Schachtofens 1. Hierbei wird das im Einschmelzvergaser 2 eine Temperatur von etwa 1000° C aufweisende Reduktionsgas so weit abgekühlt, daß es bei Eintritt in den Reduktionsschachtofen 1 nur noch eine Temperatur von etwa 700° C aufweist.The reduction shaft furnace 1 and the melter gasifier 2 arranged underneath are connected to one another by downpipes 7. These downpipes 7 open on the one hand in openings in the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace 1 and on the other hand in openings in the upper part of the melter gasifier 2. They are used to transfer the sponge iron produced by reducing the iron ore from the shaft furnace 1 into the meltdown gasifier 2 and to convey the reduction gas generated in the meltdown gasifier 2 in the lower region of the shaft furnace 1. Here, the reducing gas having a temperature of approximately 1000 ° C. in the melter gasifier 2 is cooled down to such an extent that it only has a temperature of approximately 700 ° C. upon entry into the reduction shaft furnace 1.

Die Abkühlung erfolgt durch Zumischung von Kühlgas in entsprechender Menge, das aus einer Sammelleitung 8 über eine Leitung 9 in die Fallrohre 7 eingeleitet wird.The cooling is carried out by admixing the appropriate amount of cooling gas, which is introduced from a manifold 8 via a line 9 into the downpipes 7.

Aus dem Einschmelzvergaser 2 wird weiterhin über eine Leitung 10 Reduktionsgas herausgeführt, dem über eine Leitung 11 Kühlgas zugemischt wird, derart, daß das Gas eine Temperatur von etwa 850° C besitzt. Dieses wird in einem Zyklon 12 von Staubteilchen befreit und dann in der Bustle-Ebene 5 in den Reduktionsschachtofen 1 eingeleitet. Der im Zyklon 12 anfallende Staub wird über eine Leitung 13 in den Einschmelzvergaser 2 zurückgeführt.From the melter gasifier 2, a reducing gas is also led out via a line 10, to which cooling gas is mixed via a line 11, in such a way that the gas has a temperature of about 850 ° C. This is freed of dust particles in a cyclone 12 and then introduced into the reduction shaft furnace 1 in the bustle level 5. The dust accumulating in the cyclone 12 is returned to the melter 2 via a line 13.

Durch die unterschiedlichen Temperaturen des in verschiedenen Ebenen des Schachtofens 1 eingeleiteten Reduktionsgases findet oberhalb der Bustle-Ebene 5 im wesentlichen eine Reduktion und unterhalb dieser Ebene im wesentlichen eine Aufkohlung des Eisenschwamms statt.Due to the different temperatures of the reducing gas introduced in different levels of the shaft furnace 1, there is essentially a reduction above the bustle level 5 and a carburization of the sponge iron below this level.

Da die Kohlenstoffabscheidung jedoch nicht nur von der Reaktionstemperatur, sondern auch von der Menge des durch die Fallrohre 7 in den Reduktionsschachtofen 1 einströmenden Reduktionsgases sowie von der Verweildauer des Eisenschwamms in diesem Gasstrom abhängt, kann die Kohlenstoffabscheidung zusätzlich durch eine entsprechende Dimensionierung des unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene gelegenen Teils des Reduktionsschachtofens 1 beeinflußt werden. Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Steuerung der Aufkohlung im unteren Bereich des Schachtofens 1 besteht in einer entsprechenden Einstellung der Strömungswiderstände für die beiden Teilströme des Reduktionsgases. Um den Gasfluß durch die Fallrohre 7 möglichst groß zu machen, können der Druckverlust im Zyklon 12 und das Verhältnis aus der Querschnittsfläche des Schachtofens 1 unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene 5 zu dem Abstand zwischen der Bustle-Ebene und den Einlaßöffnungen der Fallrohre 7 im Schachtofen erhöht werden. Hierbei ist zu berücksichtigen, daß eine Regelung der Teilstrommengen mittels Regelklappen bei den heißen staubhaltigen Gasen nicht möglich ist. Das Verhältnis der Menge des durch die Fallrohre 7 zugeführten Reduktions- gases zur Menge des in der Bustle-Ebene 5 zugeführten Reduktionsgases liegt zwischen 0,1 und 0,5, vorzugsweise bei 0,3. Der Durchgangswiderstand für das in der Bustle-Ebene 5 zuzuführende Reduktionsgas ist so bemessen, daß er einem Druckabfall zwischen 10 und 100 mbar entspricht.However, since the carbon separation depends not only on the reaction temperature, but also on the amount of the reducing gas flowing into the reduction shaft furnace 1 through the downpipes 7 and on the length of time that the sponge iron remains in this gas stream, the carbon separation can additionally be dimensioned accordingly by the size below the bustle. Level part of the reduction shaft furnace 1 can be influenced. A further possibility for controlling the carburization in the lower area of the shaft furnace 1 consists in a corresponding setting the flow resistances for the two partial flows of the reducing gas. In order to make the gas flow through the downpipes 7 as large as possible, the pressure loss in the cyclone 12 and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the shaft furnace 1 below the bustle level 5 to the distance between the bustle level and the inlet openings of the downpipes 7 in the shaft furnace can be increased will. It should be noted that it is not possible to regulate the partial flow quantities by means of regulating flaps in the hot dust-containing gases. The ratio of the amount of the supplied through the downpipes 7 R eduktions- gas to the amount of supplied in the Bustle plane 5 reducing gas is between 0.1 and 0.5, preferably at 0.3. The volume resistance for the reducing gas to be supplied in the bustle level 5 is such that it corresponds to a pressure drop between 10 and 100 mbar.

Die Verweilzeit des reduzierten Eisens im Bereich zwischen der Bustle-Ebene 5 und den Einlaßöffnungen der Fallrohre 7 im Boden des Reduktionsschachtofens beträgt zwischen 1 bis 4 Stunden, vorzugsweise etwa 3 Stunden. Die große Verweilzeit des Eisenschwamms im aus den Fallrohren 7 aufsteigenden Reduktionsgasstrom wird erreicht durch ein möglichst großes Volumen des Reduktionsschachtofens 1 zwischen der Bustle-Ebene 5 und der Ebene, in der die Fallrohre 7 in den Schachtofen münden. Hierbei ist zu beachten, daß, wenn man den Abstand zwischen den beiden genannten Ebenen vergrößert, zwar das Volumen des Schachtofens in diesem Bereich entsprechend vergrößert, jedoch der Strömungswiderstand für das aufsteigende Reduktionsgas erhöht und damit die Gasmenge entsprechend verringert wird. Dieses Problem kann in der Weise gelöst werden, daß man den Schachtquerschnitt unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene 5 vergrößert, wodurch bei gleichbleibendem Strömungswiderstand das Volumen dieses Bereiches des Schachtofens 1 vergrößert wird.The residence time of the reduced iron in the area between the bustle level 5 and the inlet openings of the downpipes 7 in the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace is between 1 and 4 hours, preferably about 3 hours. The long dwell time of the sponge iron in the reducing gas stream rising from the downpipes 7 is achieved by the largest possible volume of the reduction shaft furnace 1 between the bustle level 5 and the level in which the downpipes 7 open into the shaft furnace. It should be noted here that if the distance between the two levels mentioned is increased, the volume of the shaft furnace in this area is increased accordingly, but the flow resistance for the ascending reducing gas increases and thus the amount of gas is reduced accordingly. This problem can be solved in such a way that the shaft cross-section below the bustle level 5 is increased, whereby the volume of this area of the shaft furnace 1 is increased while the flow resistance remains the same.

Es ist daher ein möglichst großes Volumen dieses Schachtofenabschnittes bei gleichzeitig möglichst geringem Abstand zwischen der Bustle-Ebene und den unteren Einlässen für das Reduktionsgas anzustreben. Das Verhältnis des Abstandes zwischen der Bustle-Ebene 5 und den Einlaßöffnungen der Fallrohre 7 im Boden des Reduktionsschachtofens zum Durchmesser des Schachtofens in diesem Bereich (H/F) liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 1,0. Eine weitere Steuerung der Strömungswiderstände kann durch entsprechende Bemessung der Leitungsquerschnitte und durch einen zusätzlichen Druckverlust der Bustle erfolgen.It is therefore desirable to aim for the largest possible volume of this shaft furnace section with the smallest possible distance between the bustle level and the lower inlets for the reducing gas. The ratio of the distance between the bustle level 5 and the inlet openings of the downpipes 7 in the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace to the diameter of the shaft furnace in this region (H / F) is preferably between 0.5 and 1.0. The flow resistances can be further controlled by appropriate dimensioning of the line cross-sections and by an additional pressure loss of the bustle.

In der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 2 sind diejenigen Teile, die denen der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 entsprechen, . mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Der wesentliche Unterschied zwischen diesen beiden Vorrichtungen besteht darin, daß die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 2 anstelle eines Einschmelzvergasers einen Kohlevergaser 14 aufweist. Dieser erzeugt in bekannter Weise aus Kohle und Sauerstoff das für den Reduktionsschachtofen 1 benötigte Reduktionsgas. Da dieses bei Austritt aus dem Kohlevergaser 14 eine Temperatur von etwa 1500° C aufweist, wird es zunächst in einem Abhitzesystem 15 auf 1000° C abgekühlt. Anschließend wird der Reduktionsgasstrom in zwei Teilströme aufgeteilt, wobei der eine Teilstrom über die Leitung 10 nach Abkühlung auf 850° C durch Vermischen mit über die Leitung 11 zugeführtem Kühlgas und Entstaubung in einer Entstaubvorrichtung 16 in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene 5 und der andere Teilstrom nach Abkühlung auf 700° C durch Zumischen vcnüber die Leitung 9 zugeführtem Kühlgas im Bodenbereich des Reduktionsschachtofens 1 in diesen eingeführt werden. Die Austrag- öffnungen für den Eisenschwamm sind hierbei von den Einlaßöffnungen für das Reduktionsgas im Bodenbereich des Schachtofens getrennt. Auch hier weist der Schachtofen 1 im unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene 5 liegenden Bereich einen gegenüber dem des oberen Bereiches vergrößerten Querschnitt auf. Die Aufkohlung des Eisenschwamms wird hier somit in gleicher Weise erreicht wie bei der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1.2 are those parts which correspond to those of the device according to FIG. 1. provided with the same reference numerals. The essential difference between these two devices is that the device according to FIG. 2 has a coal gasifier 14 instead of a melter gasifier. This generates the reducing gas required for the reduction shaft furnace 1 from coal and oxygen in a known manner. Since this has a temperature of approximately 1500 ° C. when it emerges from the coal gasifier 14, it is first cooled to 1000 ° C. in a waste heat system 15. The reducing gas stream is then divided into two partial streams, wherein the one partial flow via line 10 after cooling to 850 ° C. by mixing with cooling gas supplied via line 11 and dedusting in a dedusting device 16 at the level of the bustle level 5 and the other partial flow after cooling to 700 ° C. by admixing vcn via the line 9 supplied cooling gas in the bottom region of the reduction shaft furnace 1 are introduced into this. The discharge openings for the sponge iron are separated from the inlet openings for the reducing gas in the bottom region of the shaft furnace. Here, too, the shaft furnace 1 in the area below the bustle level 5 has a cross section that is enlarged compared to the upper area. The carburizing of the sponge iron is thus achieved in the same way as in the device according to FIG. 1.

Claims (22)

l. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Eisenschwamms bzw. Roheisens aus Eisenerz, das in einem Reduktionsschachtofen mittels eines heißen Reduktionsgases zu Eisenschwamm reduziert wird, das in den Schachtofen in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene mit einer Temperatur im Bereich zwischen 750 und 900° C sowie unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene eingeleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Erhöhung des Kohlenstoffgehalts des Eisenschwamms bzw. Roheisens die Temperatur des unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) eingeleiteten Reduktionsgases auf einen Wert unterhalb der Temperatur des in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene (5) eingeleiteten Reduktionsgases eingestellt wird.l. Process for the production of a sponge iron or pig iron from iron ore, which is reduced in a reduction shaft furnace by means of a hot reducing gas to sponge iron, which is in the shaft furnace at the level of the bustle with a temperature in the range between 750 and 900 ° C. and below the bustle Level is initiated, characterized in that to increase the carbon content of the sponge iron or pig iron, the temperature of the reducing gas introduced below the bustle level (5) is set to a value below the temperature of the reducing gas introduced at the level of the bustle level (5) . 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatur des unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) eingeleiteten Reduktionsgases auf einen Wert innerhalb des Bereiches von ca. 650 bis 850° C eingestellt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the reduction gas introduced below the bustle level (5) is set to a value within the range of approximately 650 to 850 ° C. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verweilzeit des reduzierten Eisenerzes im Bereich zwischen der Bustle-Ebene (5) und der Ebene der unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene liegenden Einlässe für das Reduktionsgas möglichst groß gewählt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the residence time of the reduced iron ore in the region between the bustle level (5) and the level of the inlets below the bustle level for the reducing gas is chosen as large as possible. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verweilzeit des reduzierten Eisenerzes im Bereich zwischen der Bustle-Ebene (5) und der Ebene der unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene liegenden Einlässe für das Reduktionsgas zwischen 1 und 4 Stunden, vorzugsweise bei etwa 3 Stunden liegt.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the residence time of the reduced iron ore in the area between the bustle level (5) and the level of the reducing gas inlets below the bustle level is between 1 and 4 hours, preferably about 3 hours. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis der Menge des unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) zugeführten Reduktionsgases zur Menge des in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene (5) zugeführten Reduktionsgases möglichst groß gewählt wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ratio of the amount of the reduction gas supplied below the bustle level (5) to the amount of the reduction gas supplied at the level of the bustle level (5) is chosen to be as large as possible. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für das Verhältnis der Menge des unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) zugeführten Reduktionsgases zur Menge des in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene (5) zugeführten Reduktionsgases ein Wert zwischen 0,1 bis 0,5, vorzugsweise 0,3 gewählt wird.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that for the ratio of the amount of the reducing gas supplied below the bustle level (5) to the amount of the reducing gas supplied at the level of the bustle level (5) a value between 0.1 to 0, 5, preferably 0.3 is selected. 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) eingeleitete Reduktionsgas im Bodenbereich des Schachtofens (1) zugeführt wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the reducing gas introduced below the bustle level (5) is supplied in the bottom region of the shaft furnace (1). 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchgangswiderstand für das Reduktiohsgas zu den in der Bustle-Ebene (5) liegenden Einlässen (6) möglichst groß und der Durchgangswiderstand für das Reduktionsgas zu den unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) liegenden Einlässen möglichst gering ist.8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the volume resistance for the reducing gas to the in the bustle level (5) lying inlets (6) as large as possible and the volume resistance for the reducing gas to the below the bustle level (5) Admissions is as low as possible. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein einem Druckabfall zwischen 10 und 100 mbar entsprechender Wert für den Durchgangswiderstand für das Reduktionsgas zu den in der Bustle-Ebene (5) liegenden Einlässen (6) gewählt wird.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that a pressure drop between 10 and 100 mbar corresponding value for the volume resistance for the reducing gas to the in the bustle level (5) lying inlets (6) is selected. 10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Reduktionsgas aus einem Vergaser (2;14) nach Zumischung von Kühlgas unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) direkt in den Schachtofen (1) eingeleitet wird.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reducing gas from a carburetor (2; 14) after admixing cooling gas below the bustle level (5) is introduced directly into the shaft furnace (1). 11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Reduktionsgas aus dem Vergaser (2) nach Zumischung von Kühlgas über einen Zyklon (12) in Höhe der Bustle-Ebene (5) in den Schachtofen (1) eingeleitet:wird.11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the reducing gas from the gasifier (2) after admixing cooling gas via a cyclone (12) at the level of the bustle (5) in the shaft furnace (1): becomes. 12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Volumen des Schachtofens (1) zwischen der Bustle-Ebene (5) und der Ebene der unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene liegenden Einlässe für das Reduktionsgas bei möglichst geringem Abstand dieser Ebenen voneinander möglichst groß gewählt wird.12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the volume of the shaft furnace (1) between the bustle level (5) and the level of the inlets below the bustle level for the reducing gas with the smallest possible distance between these levels is chosen as large as possible from one another. 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für das Verhältnis des Abstandes zwischen der Bustle-Ebene (5) und der Ebene der unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene liegenden Einlässe für das Reduktionsgas zu dem Durchmesser des Schachtofens (1) in diesem Bereich ein Wert zwischen 0,5 und 1,0 gewählt wird.13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that for the ratio of the distance between the bustle level (5) and the level of the inlets below the bustle level for the reducing gas to the diameter of the shaft furnace (1) in this area a value between 0.5 and 1.0 is selected. 14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatur in der Bustle-Ebene auf einen Wert zwischen 850° C und 1000° C eingestellt wird und dem Eisenerz Kalkstein und/oder Dolomit zugemischt wird, welches im Reduktionsschacht oberhalb der Bustle-Ebene entsäuert wird.14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the temperature in the bustle level is set to a value between 850 ° C and 1000 ° C and the iron ore is mixed with limestone and / or dolomite, which is in the reduction shaft above deacidified at the bustle level. 15. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schachtofen (1) im Bereich zwischen der Bustle-Ebene (5) und den Einlaßöffnungen für das Reduktionsgas unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) einen größeren Querschnitt besitzt als oberhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5).15. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the shaft furnace (1) in the area between the bustle level (5) and the inlet openings for the reducing gas below the bustle level (5) a larger Cross section has as above the bustle level (5). 16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführleitungen (7,10) für das Reduktionsgas zum Schachtofen (1) mit einer Kühlgasleitung (8) zur Einstellung der jeweils gewünschten Temperatur des Reduktionsgases verbunden sind.16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the supply lines (7, 10) for the reducing gas to the shaft furnace (1) are connected to a cooling gas line (8) for setting the desired temperature of the reducing gas. 17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leitungsweg (10,12) für das in der Bustle-Ebene (5) zugeführte Reduktionsgas einen möglichst großen Widerstand besitzt.17. The apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the conduction path (10, 12) for the reducing gas supplied in the bustle plane (5) has the greatest possible resistance. 18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leitungsweg (10,12) für das in der Bustle-Ebene (5) zugeführte Reduktionsgas einen einem Druckabfall im Bereich zwischen lO und 100 mbar entsprechenden Durchgangswiderstand besitzt.18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the line path (10,12) for the reducing gas supplied in the bustle level (5) has a volume drop corresponding to a pressure drop in the range between 10 and 100 mbar. 19. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leitungsweg (7) für das unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) zugeführte Reduktionsgas einen möglichst geringen Widerstand besitzt und daß der Abstand zwischen der Bustle-Ebene (5) und der Ebene der unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) liegenden Reduktionsgas-Einlässe möglichst gering ist.19. Device according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the conduction path (7) for the reducing gas supplied below the bustle level (5) has the lowest possible resistance and that the distance between the bustle level (5) and the level of the reducing gas inlets below the bustle level (5) is as low as possible. 20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis des Abstandes zwischen der Bustle-Ebene (5) und der Ebene der unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene liegenden Einlässe für das Reduktionsgas zu dem Durchmesser des Schachtofens (1) in diesem Bereich zwischen 0,5 und 1,0 beträgt.20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the ratio of the distance between the bustle level (5) and the level of the inlets below the bustle level for the reducing gas to the diameter of the shaft furnace (1) in this range between 0 , 5 and 1.0. 21. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zur Erzeugung des Reduktionsgases verwendete Vergaser ein Einschmelzvergaser (2) ist und daß Fallrohre (7) für den Eisenschwamm zwischen dem Schachtofen (1) und dem Einschmelzvergaser (2) zur Zuführung des unterhalb der Bustle-Ebene (5) eingeleiteten Reduktionsgases vorgesehen sind.21. Device according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that the gasifier used to generate the reducing gas is a melter gasifier (2) and that downpipes (7) for the sponge iron between the shaft furnace (1) and the melter gasifier (2) Supply of the reducing gas introduced below the bustle level (5) are provided. 22. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zur Erzeugung des Reduktionsgases verwendete Vergaser ein Kohlevergaser (14) ist.22. Device according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that the carburetor used to generate the reducing gas is a coal gasifier (14).
EP85730134A 1984-10-12 1985-09-30 Process and apparatus for making sponge iron, especially pig iron Expired EP0179734B1 (en)

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EP0257173A1 (en) * 1986-08-12 1988-03-02 VOEST-ALPINE INDUSTRIEANLAGENBAU GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Metallurgical plant and method of operating the same
WO1994017214A1 (en) * 1993-01-26 1994-08-04 'holderbank' Financière Glarus Ag Process for producing pig iron and cement clinker
GB2281311A (en) * 1993-03-29 1995-03-01 Boc Group Plc Metallurgical processes and apparatus
WO1998001587A1 (en) * 1996-07-10 1998-01-15 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for producing a reduction gas for reduction of metal ore
WO1998001586A1 (en) * 1996-07-10 1998-01-15 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for producing a reduction gas for reduction of metal ore
WO1998020171A1 (en) * 1996-11-06 1998-05-14 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of iron oxide-containing materials
WO1998020172A1 (en) * 1996-11-06 1998-05-14 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for producing sponge iron
CN1064084C (en) * 1996-07-10 2001-04-04 奥地利钢铁联合企业阿尔帕工业设备制造公司 Method and apparatus for producing reducing gas for reducing metal ore
RU2684462C1 (en) * 2015-12-09 2019-04-09 Инститьют Оф Проусес Энжиниринг, Чайниз Экэдеми Оф Сайенсиз Method of conversion and extraction of vanadium, titanium and iron from vanadium-titanium-iron concentrate in one stage
RU2688072C1 (en) * 2017-10-30 2019-05-17 Паньган Груп Паньчжихуа Айрон Энд Стил Рисёч Инститьют Ко., Лтд. Method of extracting vanadium and chromium from vanadium-chromium slag
US10316376B2 (en) 2015-06-24 2019-06-11 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for increasing the carbon content of sponge iron in a reduction furnace
US10508314B2 (en) 2015-06-24 2019-12-17 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for increasing the carbon content of sponge iron in a reduction furnace
US12084730B2 (en) 2020-03-24 2024-09-10 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for increasing the carbon content of direct reduced iron in a reduction furnace

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EP0257172A1 (en) * 1986-08-12 1988-03-02 VOEST-ALPINE INDUSTRIEANLAGENBAU GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Metallurgical plant and method of operating the same
WO1994017214A1 (en) * 1993-01-26 1994-08-04 'holderbank' Financière Glarus Ag Process for producing pig iron and cement clinker
US5501721A (en) * 1993-01-26 1996-03-26 Holderbank Financiere Glarus Ag Process for producing pig iron and cement clinker
GB2281311A (en) * 1993-03-29 1995-03-01 Boc Group Plc Metallurgical processes and apparatus
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CN1064084C (en) * 1996-07-10 2001-04-04 奥地利钢铁联合企业阿尔帕工业设备制造公司 Method and apparatus for producing reducing gas for reducing metal ore
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WO1998001586A1 (en) * 1996-07-10 1998-01-15 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for producing a reduction gas for reduction of metal ore
US6379420B1 (en) 1996-07-10 2002-04-30 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Method and plant for producing a reducing gas serving for the reduction of metal ore
US6235083B1 (en) 1996-07-10 2001-05-22 Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh. Method for producing a reducing gas serving for the reduction of metal ore
US6143053A (en) * 1996-11-06 2000-11-07 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of iron-oxide-containing material
US6149708A (en) * 1996-11-06 2000-11-21 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for producing sponge iron
WO1998020172A1 (en) * 1996-11-06 1998-05-14 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for producing sponge iron
WO1998020171A1 (en) * 1996-11-06 1998-05-14 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of iron oxide-containing materials
US10316376B2 (en) 2015-06-24 2019-06-11 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for increasing the carbon content of sponge iron in a reduction furnace
US10508314B2 (en) 2015-06-24 2019-12-17 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for increasing the carbon content of sponge iron in a reduction furnace
RU2684462C1 (en) * 2015-12-09 2019-04-09 Инститьют Оф Проусес Энжиниринг, Чайниз Экэдеми Оф Сайенсиз Method of conversion and extraction of vanadium, titanium and iron from vanadium-titanium-iron concentrate in one stage
RU2688072C1 (en) * 2017-10-30 2019-05-17 Паньган Груп Паньчжихуа Айрон Энд Стил Рисёч Инститьют Ко., Лтд. Method of extracting vanadium and chromium from vanadium-chromium slag
US12084730B2 (en) 2020-03-24 2024-09-10 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for increasing the carbon content of direct reduced iron in a reduction furnace

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ATE48651T1 (en) 1989-12-15
CN85108059A (en) 1986-05-10
SU1503686A3 (en) 1989-08-23
US4854967A (en) 1989-08-08
AU562850B2 (en) 1987-06-18
EP0179734A3 (en) 1986-12-30
BR8505068A (en) 1986-07-29
JPS6191308A (en) 1986-05-09
KR860003350A (en) 1986-05-23
KR900004155B1 (en) 1990-06-18
US4958808A (en) 1990-09-25
DE3437913C2 (en) 1987-05-07
ZA857594B (en) 1986-10-29
CN1004282B (en) 1989-05-24

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