EP0171845A1 - Procédé et appareillage de traitement pyrométallurgique d'une matte plomb-cuivre en continu - Google Patents
Procédé et appareillage de traitement pyrométallurgique d'une matte plomb-cuivre en continu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0171845A1 EP0171845A1 EP85201189A EP85201189A EP0171845A1 EP 0171845 A1 EP0171845 A1 EP 0171845A1 EP 85201189 A EP85201189 A EP 85201189A EP 85201189 A EP85201189 A EP 85201189A EP 0171845 A1 EP0171845 A1 EP 0171845A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- lead
- converter
- blowing
- stone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Pb] Chemical compound [Cu].[Pb] WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 Si0 2 Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIIKJRRXOPKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylidenelead Chemical compound [Cu].[Pb]=S FPIIKJRRXOPKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 66
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009867 copper metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009871 lead metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/006—Pyrometallurgy working up of molten copper, e.g. refining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
- C22B15/0041—Bath smelting or converting in converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the continuous processing of copper lead bricks with a high lead content in relation to copper and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.
- Copper lead stones are known to be intermediate products of copper or lead metallurgy.
- the chemical composition of these copper lead stones varies considerably depending on the primary raw materials used, for example within the limits of copper 15 to 50%, lead 10 to 60%, ice: 0 to 30%, sulfur 10 to 25%.
- changing levels of e.g. Arsenic, antimony, tin and nickel can be found in these stones.
- low-copper copper lead stones with contents below 35% copper are concentrated to copper contents by 45% by means of a melt treatment carried out together with copper supports, such as copper-rich slags.
- This process is generally carried out in a shaft furnace.
- copper supports such as copper-rich slags.
- the concentrated copper lead stone which contains approximately 12 to 18% lead, is blown in batches in Pierce Smith converters to convert copper. After oxidation with atmospheric oxygen, lead and iron in particular are converted into a converter slag by adding silica carriers. Only a part of the lead (about 20%) and a part of other volatile substances are released into the fly dust of the converter.
- DE-OS 29 41 225 discloses a continuous process for the pyrometallurgical extraction of copper from sulfidic ores or concentrates, the ores being melted into stone and primary slag and the stone into blister copper and Converter slag can be converted.
- the melting process is carried out with a high excess of oxygen and a stone and a primary slag with a relatively high copper content are obtained, while the copper contained in the primary slag and converter slag is obtained by reduction.
- the process is not geared towards low-copper ores and, in particular, no high lead-containing copper lead stones can be processed.
- the melting bath containing in particular considerable amounts of nickel is kept in strong turbulence at temperatures above 1300 ° C. and, after volatilization of some of the impurities, is oxidatively blown and the copper sulfide converted into liquid copper and refined further.
- Ni content up to approx. 14%
- the impurities Se, As, Bi, Pb maximum contents of up to max. Called 0.2%.
- the object of the invention is to process copper lead stones with a high lead content in relation to copper in an economical manner and to provide a continuous, environmentally friendly method for this purpose.
- the method according to the invention thus comprises the continuously successive sub-steps: melting and treating the copper lead stone, blowing the treated copper lead stone and refining the resulting converter copper.
- thermodynamic variables determining the process steps are the temperature and the oxygen partial pressure.
- the temperature is determined by the entry of fuel and the heat of reaction of the metallurgical reactions.
- the required oxygen partial pressure is set by specifying the fuel / oxygen ratios. In order to improve the evaporation kinetics or the mass exchange, a high bath turbulence is brought about, in particular in the melting process.
- the composition 15 to 50% Cu, 10 to 60% Pb, 10 to 25% S, from 0 to 30% Fe, and incidental impurities assumed.
- the weight ratio of copper to lead is between 1: 1 and 3: 1.
- Vorer copper Brauin 3 for example, the composition 42% Cu, 40% Pb, 16% S, via gas-tight Chargierver Why 4 in the shaft 2 of the melt-down and V erflüch- actuating furnace of FIG 1 entered.
- the copper lead stone forms a bed column 5, which rests on the base of the hearth furnace 1 and is bent off into the hearth space.
- the copper lead stone is melted in the area of the embankment and forms the liquid stone melt 7.
- the pillar 5 sinks continuously and thus allows a constant recharging of broken copper lead stone.
- the stone melt 7 formed in the hearth is brought to temperatures above 1,250 ° C., thus creating the prerequisites for the volatilization of volatilizable elements, in particular lead and arsenic.
- a strong turbulence is generated within the melt by injecting or blowing in purging gas 8, such as air or inert gas, with the aid of purging nozzles 9, and thus an optimization of the evaporation kinetics is brought about.
- the burner or burners 6 are operated with either a reducing, neutral or oxidizing flame.
- Oxidizing conditions in conjunction with a neutral or oxidizing purge gas are used in the processing of iron-containing copper lead stones, for example, the composition 46% C u, 18% Pb, 20% S, 10% Fe is used.
- a slag is formed during the melting process, this is drawn off via the slag stitch 11.
- the copper Brauin used Kalziur oxide for example, is in the form of limestone, are added, so that a K forms alkferritschlacke with about 10 to 20 wt .-% CaO. Slags of this composition have a low solubility for lead and promote c lead volatilization by increasing the activity.
- a copper-containing lead alloy 12 with a content of more than 50% Pb collects in the sump of the hearth 1, which is tapped off by the stitch 1.
- the treated copper lead stone 14 whose copper content is approximately 60% and which has a lead content of less than 20%, flows continuously out of the furnace at the stone engraving and then enters the blow-off process.
- the lead introduced with the copper lead stone is evaporated, transferred into the flying dust of the smelting furnace and discharged with the gases 10 containing SO 2 .
- the corresponding flying dust contains more than 45% by weight of lead.
- the treated stone 14 is continuously blown into converter copper in a downstream blast furnace.
- An example of a suitable blowing furnace is shown in FIG. 2.
- This blow furnace consists of a fireproof-lined furnace vessel 15, which is either channel-shaped with a round or rectangular cross section.
- the inlet opening 16 for the treated copper lead 14 and the outlet opening 17 for the converter copper 18 are located on the end faces.
- the outlet for the converter copper is designed in the form of a continuous siphon stitch (not shown in the figure).
- One or more nozzles 21 are arranged in the furnace ceiling or in the side walls of the blow furnace. With the help of these nozzles, air or oxygen-enriched air is blown onto or into the melt in order to carry out the metallurgical fading reactions. Decisive for the volatilization of volatilizable impurities are again a temperature above 1250 ° C in the melt and a high bath turbulence.
- blowing wind 22 required for the reactions is injected onto the melt with high kinetic energy either perpendicularly or at an oblique angle to the bath surface.
- blowing wind directly into the metal bath via lower bath nozzles.
- lime 24 can optionally be added to form a calcareous converter slag.
- the converter copper 18 formed contains, in addition to other impurities, lead in an amount of less than 1% by weight.
- This converter copper is refined in a refining furnace downstream of the converter, whereby lead contents of less than 0.2% are achieved.
- FIG. 3 An example of a suitable refining furnace is shown in FIG. 3.
- impurities in the copper such as lead and antimony
- air or oxygen-enriched air 27 in a manner known per se by means of partial oxidation and bound as oxides with the aid of slag formers.
- a slag containing silica is preferably used for the slag formation.
- the refining effect can be significantly increased by suitable additives to this slag, such as boron oxide, since this reduces the activity of the impurities in the slag.
- the resulting slag 29 can be processed in a separate reduction process by reducing the contaminants, e.g. Lead, antimony, and be processed by forming a lead alloy and thus again used as refining slag 28 for the refining of the converter copper 18.
- contaminants e.g. Lead, antimony
- the treatment of the converter copper 18 takes place continuously.
- the air 27 required for the oxidation of the impurities contained in the copper 18 is sprayed onto the melt by inflation lances 30.
- the resulting slag 29 runs out of the refining furnace via the stitch 31.
- the refined converter copper 33 leaves the furnace via a stitch 34.
- the refining furnace is heated with the burner 32 to cover heat losses.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19843429972 DE3429972A1 (de) | 1984-08-16 | 1984-08-16 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen pyrometallurgischen verarbeitung von kupferbleistein |
| DE3429972 | 1984-08-16 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0171845A1 true EP0171845A1 (fr) | 1986-02-19 |
| EP0171845B1 EP0171845B1 (fr) | 1988-09-21 |
Family
ID=6243064
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85201189A Expired EP0171845B1 (fr) | 1984-08-16 | 1985-07-13 | Procédé et appareillage de traitement pyrométallurgique d'une matte plomb-cuivre en continu |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4614541A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0171845B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS6156258A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU568280B2 (fr) |
| DD (1) | DD238398A5 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE3429972A1 (fr) |
| FI (1) | FI78506C (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL140608B2 (fr) |
| YU (1) | YU108585A (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2255984A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1992-11-25 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Apparatus for making low-oxygen copper. |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2682636B2 (ja) * | 1988-04-19 | 1997-11-26 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 自熔製錬炉の操業方法 |
| JP2001302942A (ja) | 2000-02-14 | 2001-10-31 | Miyoshi Kasei Kk | 新規複合粉体及びこれを配合した化粧料 |
| FI110873B (fi) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-04-15 | Outokumpu Oy | Laitteisto ja menetelmä sulafaasin laskemiseksi sulatusuunista |
| KR102113558B1 (ko) | 2015-08-24 | 2020-05-21 | 5엔 플러스 아이엔씨. | 구리 및 황 유래의 다양한 금속 및 그 유도체 제조 공정 |
| KR102421026B1 (ko) | 2016-08-24 | 2022-07-14 | 5엔 플러스 아이엔씨. | 저융점 금속 또는 합금 분말 미립화 제조 공정 |
| BE1025775B1 (nl) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-07-11 | Metallo Belgium | Verbeterde soldeerproductiewerkwijze |
| CA3090714C (fr) | 2018-02-15 | 2021-07-20 | 5N Plus Inc. | Procedes de fabrication par atomisation de poudres de metal ou d'alliage a point de fusion eleve |
| CN113667836A (zh) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-19 | 赤峰大井子矿业有限公司 | 一种可实现有价金属回收的锡冶炼方法 |
| CN117418108A (zh) * | 2023-10-23 | 2024-01-19 | 万载志成实业有限公司 | 低硫含铅二次物料搭配低硫含铜料还原熔炼生产工艺 |
| CN118006917B (zh) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-06-28 | 北京科技大学 | 一种电解铅重熔过程氧化铅渣源头减量的方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3326672A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1967-06-20 | Farnsfield Ltd | Refining of metals and alloys |
| FR2007723A1 (fr) * | 1968-05-02 | 1970-01-09 | Int Nickel Co | |
| US4030915A (en) * | 1974-11-11 | 1977-06-21 | Outokumpu Oy | Process for producing raw copper continuously in one stage from unrefined sulfidic copper concentrate or ore |
| FR2363634A1 (fr) * | 1976-09-06 | 1978-03-31 | Metallurgie Hoboken | Procede de traitement de charges plomb-cuivre-soufre |
| US4349383A (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1982-09-14 | Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag | Method for the pyrometallurgical production of copper |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1130255A (en) * | 1965-11-22 | 1968-10-16 | Conzinc Riotinto Ltd | Reverberatory smelting of copper concentrates |
-
1984
- 1984-08-16 DE DE19843429972 patent/DE3429972A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-06-11 FI FI852316A patent/FI78506C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-06-28 YU YU01085/85A patent/YU108585A/xx unknown
- 1985-07-13 DE DE8585201189T patent/DE3565125D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-07-13 EP EP85201189A patent/EP0171845B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1985-07-24 PL PL1985254667A patent/PL140608B2/xx unknown
- 1985-08-13 DD DD85279634A patent/DD238398A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-08-14 JP JP60179246A patent/JPS6156258A/ja active Pending
- 1985-08-15 AU AU46240/85A patent/AU568280B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-08-16 US US06/766,756 patent/US4614541A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3326672A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1967-06-20 | Farnsfield Ltd | Refining of metals and alloys |
| FR2007723A1 (fr) * | 1968-05-02 | 1970-01-09 | Int Nickel Co | |
| US4030915A (en) * | 1974-11-11 | 1977-06-21 | Outokumpu Oy | Process for producing raw copper continuously in one stage from unrefined sulfidic copper concentrate or ore |
| FR2363634A1 (fr) * | 1976-09-06 | 1978-03-31 | Metallurgie Hoboken | Procede de traitement de charges plomb-cuivre-soufre |
| US4349383A (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1982-09-14 | Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag | Method for the pyrometallurgical production of copper |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2255984A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1992-11-25 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Apparatus for making low-oxygen copper. |
| GB2255984B (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1993-04-21 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Apparatus for making low-oxygen copper |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL254667A2 (en) | 1986-06-17 |
| DD238398A5 (de) | 1986-08-20 |
| FI78506B (fi) | 1989-04-28 |
| FI852316L (fi) | 1986-02-17 |
| DE3565125D1 (en) | 1988-10-27 |
| AU4624085A (en) | 1986-02-20 |
| FI852316A0 (fi) | 1985-06-11 |
| PL140608B2 (en) | 1987-05-30 |
| JPS6156258A (ja) | 1986-03-20 |
| US4614541A (en) | 1986-09-30 |
| AU568280B2 (en) | 1987-12-17 |
| FI78506C (fi) | 1989-08-10 |
| DE3429972A1 (de) | 1986-02-27 |
| YU108585A (en) | 1988-02-29 |
| EP0171845B1 (fr) | 1988-09-21 |
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