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EP0156001B1 - Procédé pour conditionner les déchets contaminés par enrobage dans le ciment - Google Patents

Procédé pour conditionner les déchets contaminés par enrobage dans le ciment Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0156001B1
EP0156001B1 EP84114497A EP84114497A EP0156001B1 EP 0156001 B1 EP0156001 B1 EP 0156001B1 EP 84114497 A EP84114497 A EP 84114497A EP 84114497 A EP84114497 A EP 84114497A EP 0156001 B1 EP0156001 B1 EP 0156001B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
cement
mixture
water
dry
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84114497A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0156001A3 (en
EP0156001A2 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Mallek
Egon Dr. Zange
Wolfgang Schlenter
Karl Trümper
Siegfried Meininger
Dietmar Bege
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH
Kraftwerk Union AG
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH, Kraftwerk Union AG, Siemens AG filed Critical Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority to AT84114497T priority Critical patent/ATE41553T1/de
Publication of EP0156001A2 publication Critical patent/EP0156001A2/fr
Publication of EP0156001A3 publication Critical patent/EP0156001A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0156001B1 publication Critical patent/EP0156001B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
    • G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
    • G21F9/304—Cement or cement-like matrix

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for conditioning contaminated waste by cementing.
  • Dry waste is cemented, in particular waste that is obtained as ash after burning combustible waste or as a dry residue in the processing of sludge.
  • Radioactive waste can be included by cementing. Toxic waste that cannot be processed further and cannot be deposited directly because of its solubility in water can be stored in this way.
  • contaminated waste used here includes such substances and other comparable harmful waste that has to be stored.
  • the leaching behavior of the mixture after the cement has set and hardened when it comes into contact with water is of crucial importance.
  • the lowest possible leaching rate of the mixture body is aimed at, so that in the event of an accident in the deposit associated with water ingress, contaminated waste enclosed in the mixture body cannot escape into the water.
  • the strength of the mixture body in particular its compressive strength and surface hardness, must not be less than a minimum in order to avoid abrasion and thus the release of contaminated waste into the environment.
  • the leaching behavior of the mixture body depends strongly on its porosity.
  • the strength of the mixture body is also influenced by the porosity.
  • the highest possible material density should therefore be aimed for. It is also important to keep the volume to be brought into deposits for depositing the contaminated waste as low as possible, since the space available for deposit is not available in natural soil, for example in salt deposits.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for conditioning dry contaminated waste which enables a high concentration of waste in the end product with at least the same leaching behavior.
  • the strength of the set and hardened mixture body in particular its compressive strength, surface hardness and abrasion resistance, is to be improved.
  • An advantage of the setting of the waste / cement mixture under pressure is also that under these conditions a pre-sorting of the waste into waste ash, slag, and scrap can be omitted.
  • the flowable portions of the waste / cement mixture also fill tight cavities under pressure.
  • the compressed mixture has a small volume.
  • the waste / cement mixture is preferably mixed with water in a water: cement ratio in the range from 0.29 to 0.35: 1.
  • the stoichiometric water / cement ratio required to set the cement is decisive for the lower limit.
  • the upper limit is determined by the compressibility of the mixture, because with increasing water content the porosity of the set mixture increases.
  • the water content should be such that no free water is squeezed out of the mixture under pressure.
  • a ratio of 0.3: 1 has been found to be optimal for the water: cement ratio, even at high pressures, claim 3.
  • a sufficient compression of the waste / cement mixture requires at least a pressure of approx. 5 MPa corresponding to 51 kp / cm 2 .
  • the compaction of the waste / cement mixture increases disproportionately with higher pressure: with compaction with a pressure that is 8.5 times higher, about 1.2 times.
  • the compressed mixture is set without pressure.
  • Dry radioactive ash accumulated in a combustion furnace in the present heterogeneous structure was mixed with Portland cement in the ash: cement weight ratio of 2: 1 as waste.
  • this mixture was water in a water: cement ratio of 0.3: 1 admitted.
  • the dry waste content in the mixture to be set was therefore about 60% by weight.
  • the mass ratios of waste: cement were approximately 0.65: 1 and water: cement - 0.4: 1.
  • the mixture thus contained only about 30% by weight of dry waste.
  • the table below shows the densities in g / cm 3 obtained by applying increasing pressure p in MPa [or kp / cm 2 ] after the mixture has set and hardened.
  • a pressure of at least 7 MPa is therefore preferably used, claim 4.
  • the reduction in volume during the transition from the raw ash into the pressed mixture consisting of ash, cement and water was considerable.
  • the volume was reduced by a factor of 2.7; in the unpressurized process, this factor is close to 1.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Procédé de conditionnement de déchet contaminé qui est récupéré notamment sous la forme de cendre après la combustion de déchets combustibles, ou sous la forme de résidu sec lors du retraitement d'une boue, par solidification par du ciment, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à ajouter au déchet sec une proportion de ciment qui ne représente pas moins de 50 % environ du poids du déchet, à ajouter, après le mélange du déchet au ciment, pour la prise, de l'eau en un rapport légèrement supérieur à la stcechiométrie par rapport au ciment et à compacter le mélange sous pression et à le faire prendre.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à ajouter de l'eau en un rapport pondéral eau : ciment de l'ordre de 0,29 à 0,35 : 1.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le rapport pondéral eau : ciment est égal à 0,3 : 1.
4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser, pour le compactage, au moins une pression de 7 MPa environ.
EP84114497A 1983-12-01 1984-11-29 Procédé pour conditionner les déchets contaminés par enrobage dans le ciment Expired EP0156001B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84114497T ATE41553T1 (de) 1983-12-01 1984-11-29 Verfahren zum konditionieren kontaminierten abfalls durch zementieren.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3343422 1983-12-01
DE19833343422 DE3343422A1 (de) 1983-12-01 1983-12-01 Verfahren zum konditionieren kontaminierten abfalls durch zementieren

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0156001A2 EP0156001A2 (fr) 1985-10-02
EP0156001A3 EP0156001A3 (en) 1986-10-15
EP0156001B1 true EP0156001B1 (fr) 1989-03-15

Family

ID=6215724

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84114497A Expired EP0156001B1 (fr) 1983-12-01 1984-11-29 Procédé pour conditionner les déchets contaminés par enrobage dans le ciment

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4652404A (fr)
EP (1) EP0156001B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60150879A (fr)
AT (1) ATE41553T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3343422A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4859367A (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-08-22 Joseph Davidovits Waste solidification and disposal method
US5037286A (en) * 1988-06-24 1991-08-06 Rolite, Inc. Incineration residue treatment apparatus
DE3833676A1 (de) * 1988-10-04 1990-04-05 Petri Juergen Dipl Ing Dr Verfahren zur endlagerung von eingebundenen abfallstoffen
US4865488A (en) * 1988-12-08 1989-09-12 Huston Duane A Method and apparatus for disposing of asbestos-containing material
DE3902717A1 (de) * 1989-01-31 1990-08-02 Bilfinger Berger Bau Verfahren zur entsorgung von asbestfasern und/oder asbestfaserhaltigen baustoffen und geraeteeinrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US5032328A (en) * 1989-11-08 1991-07-16 Griffis Steven C Method for casting friable asbestos-containing material into a non-friable mass
US5169566A (en) * 1990-05-18 1992-12-08 E. Khashoggi Industries Engineered cementitious contaminant barriers and their method of manufacture
US5100586A (en) * 1990-07-20 1992-03-31 E. Khashoggi Industries Cementitious hazardous waste containers and their method of manufacture
JPH06198270A (ja) * 1991-04-05 1994-07-19 Okinawa Kureeto:Kk 産業廃棄物複合処理方法及びその処理プラント
FR2728719A1 (fr) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-28 Rtc Realisations Tech Et Comme Procede et installation pour le traitement des residus radioactifs sous forme de boues
US5595561A (en) * 1995-08-29 1997-01-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Low-temperature method for containing thermally degradable hazardous wastes
FR2773504B1 (fr) * 1998-01-12 2000-03-31 Bouygues Sa Procede pour conditionner des particules de resines echangeuses d'ions et application au traitement d'une eau radioactive
GB0408113D0 (en) * 2004-04-13 2004-05-19 British Nuclear Fuels Plc Encapsulation of hazardous waste materials
RU2435240C1 (ru) * 2010-07-30 2011-11-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "РАОТЕХ" (ЗАО "РАОТЕХ") Способ переработки радиоактивных отходов
JP6088765B2 (ja) * 2012-08-24 2017-03-01 株式会社東芝 放射性セシウム汚染物の固化処理方法及びその固化処理装置
RU2617113C1 (ru) * 2016-01-28 2017-04-21 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственное предприятие "Эксорб" Способ кондиционирования жидких радиоактивных отходов
JP6871078B2 (ja) * 2017-06-16 2021-05-12 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 放射性廃棄物の圧縮成型方法及び圧縮成型装置
CN109570183A (zh) * 2018-10-12 2019-04-05 云南省环境科学研究院(中国昆明高原湖泊国际研究中心) 一种含砷废渣固化稳定化处理的方法
CN113773020B (zh) * 2021-09-22 2022-10-11 中国核动力研究设计院 一种固化剂、制备方法及可燃技术废物的处理方法

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3513100A (en) * 1967-09-25 1970-05-19 Halliburton Co Method for subsurface disposal of radioactive waste
US3779938A (en) * 1972-08-18 1973-12-18 Atomic Energy Commission Method for processing scrap fissile material into a form suitable for shipping
DE2549195A1 (de) * 1974-11-05 1976-05-06 Asea Atom Ab Verfahren, um verbrauchte, kornfoermige, organische ionenaustauschmasse in zement einzubetten
DE2603116C2 (de) * 1976-01-28 1983-01-27 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Verfahren zur Verfestigung von radioaktiven borathaltigen wäßrigen Lösungen und Suspensionen
US4017417A (en) * 1976-07-30 1977-04-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Immobilization of iodine in concrete
US4113504A (en) * 1977-10-03 1978-09-12 Stauffer Chemical Company Disposal of heavy metal containing sludge wastes
US4174293A (en) * 1977-10-12 1979-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Process for disposal of aqueous solutions containing radioactive isotopes
US4299722A (en) * 1978-04-21 1981-11-10 Stock Equipment Company Introduction of fluent materials into containers
US4257912A (en) * 1978-06-12 1981-03-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Concrete encapsulation for spent nuclear fuel storage
DE2856875C2 (de) * 1978-12-30 1986-01-02 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe Verfahren zur Verfüllung der Zwischenräume in einem radioaktive Abfallkörper enthaltenden unterirdischen Hohlraum
DE2945006C2 (de) * 1979-11-08 1987-01-15 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochradioaktive Abfallstoffe enthaltenden Formkörpern
DE3001629A1 (de) * 1980-01-17 1981-09-24 Alkem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Verfahren zur endkonditionierung fester radioaktiverabfaelle
US4379081A (en) * 1981-03-12 1983-04-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method of encapsulating waste radioactive material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60150879A (ja) 1985-08-08
DE3343422A1 (de) 1985-06-20
US4652404A (en) 1987-03-24
DE3477305D1 (en) 1989-04-20
ATE41553T1 (de) 1989-04-15
EP0156001A3 (en) 1986-10-15
EP0156001A2 (fr) 1985-10-02

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