EP0146745A1 - Stabilised sub-calibre multi-purpose missile - Google Patents

Abstract

The object is to provide a multi-purpose missile which after impact, without a complicated igniter, fragments during penetration into the target and has a high radial effect. To achieve this, the multi-purpose missile has a missile body (1) with an axial channel (2) which is closed at the front by a ballistic cover (3). Behind the ballistic cover is a piston (6) which is guided so as to be axially displaceable in the channel (2) of the missile body (1). <IMAGE>

Description

• - einen Geschosskörper mit einer Bruchdehnung von kleiner als 15% und mit einem spezifischen Gewicht von grösser als 14 gr/cm3,
• - einen gefüllten, axialen, annähernd zylindrischen Kanal,
• - eine ballistische Haube, welche den Kanal vorne verschliesst.

The invention relates to a sub-caliber, stabilized multi-purpose floor, comprising:

• - a projectile body with an elongation at break of less than 15% and with a specific weight of more than 14 gr / cm3,
• a filled, axial, approximately cylindrical channel,
• - A ballistic hood that closes the channel at the front.

In a sabot projectile of this type (see Swiss Patent No. 627 550), there is an axial channel in order to achieve a small radial effect. With this design of the projectile body, a continuous crumbling of the projectile body is achieved during penetration into the target, as a result of which the relationship between radial effect and penetration depth is improved. On the one hand, it should be avoided that the projectile body splinters on the surface of the target without penetrating into the target, on the other hand, it should be avoided that the projectile body penetrates through the target without splintering and therefore has no radial effect.

Another known armor-piercing projectile of this type (see German Offenlegungsschrift No. 3240310 A1) also has an internal cavity with a single opening directed in the direction of movement of the projectile, the projectile body essentially starting from the point of penetration into an armor retains in order to create a completely closed cavity when it hits the tank in such a way that adiabatic compression is possible within the cavity. This cavity contains an incendiary charge that at least partially fills the cavity and that through the adiabatic compression triggered burns. Furthermore, in this known projectile, the opening of the cavity is closed by a protective windshield or a ballistic hood, which forms the nose of the projectile.

In another known projectile of this type, (see European Patent Application No. 0051375), which contains no explosive charge, a complete or partial fragmentation of the projectile body is achieved by the impact impulse at the target, the bundled fragment group spreading forward with the remaining energy and causes a small radial effect. However, in order to be able to fight targets of low resistance, such as airplanes, with such a projectile, the projectile must reliably shatter through the impact shock.

These known bullets are only suitable for very specific purposes, but they cannot be used as multi-purpose bullets.

The present invention now aims to create a multi-purpose projectile that can be used to combat different targets and in which depth of penetration and radial effect are coordinated.

The multi-purpose projectile according to the invention, with which this object is achieved, is characterized in that behind the ballistic hood there is a piston which is guided axially displaceably in the channel of the projectile body and that the channel is closed at the rear.

Although a projectile is already known (see US Pat. No. 2446082), which has a sleeve-shaped projectile body, which is closed at the rear by a bolt which is filled with a fire mass, and which has a ballistic hood, behind which there is a movable, conical one Body, as well as a ball behind it. When the bullet hits the target, the conical one bounces Body on the ball, which is embedded in the fire mass and is ignited by this impact.

• Fig.1 einen axialen Schnitt durch ein Mehrzweckgeschoss
• Fig.2-7 verschiedene Ausführungsformen der Geschossspitze des in Fig.l dargestellten Geschosses.

Various exemplary embodiments of the multi-purpose storey according to the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

• 1 shows an axial section through a multi-purpose floor
• Fig.2-7 different embodiments of the projectile tip of the projectile shown in Fig.l.

According to Fig.l, the spin-stabilized multi-purpose projectile has a three-part sabot, which consists of a rear part 10, a cylindrical casing 11 and a conical hood 12. This sabot 10, 11 and 12 contains a projectile body 1 which has an axial channel 2 which is closed at the front end of the projectile body 1 by a projectile tip in the form of a ballistic hood 3. The rear end of the channel 2 is closed by the compact rear part 5 of the projectile body 1. Channel 2 is filled with an active mass 4.

The sabot is not the subject of the invention and is not of importance for understanding the invention, it is therefore not described in more detail here. A detailed description of the sabot is in Switzerland. Patent No. 536,481 included.

Heavy metal is preferably used for the projectile body 1, e.g. a uranium alloy or a tungsten alloy is used. The material used must have an elongation at break of less than 15%; until the material breaks, it should be stretchable up to 15% at most. Furthermore, the material used should have a high specific weight, e.g. larger than 14gr / cm3.

The ballistic hood 3 should be easily deformable. Preferably 3 Leichtme is for the hood tall or plastic used.

• a) Sie kann inert oder reaktiv sein.
• b) Sie kann flüssig, zähflüssig oder fest sein.
• c) Sie sollte in jedem Fall möglichst inkompressibel und gut deformierbar sein.

The filling or active mass 4 can have different properties.

• a) It can be inert or reactive.
• b) It can be liquid, viscous or solid.
• c) In any case, it should be as incompressible and easily deformable as possible.

Different materials are therefore suitable for the active mass 4, e.g. Plastic or a fire mass or an explosive can be used if corresponding additional effects of this type are desired. However, these effects are not essential for the functioning of the disassembly according to the invention in the radial direction.

• a) Er soll die Füll- oder Wirkmasse 4 unter Druck setzen.
• b) Er soll die Fragmentierung des Geschosskörpers 1 über die Füllmasse bewirken oder zumindest fördern.
• c) Er soll die Zündung der Füllmasse bewirken, sofern sie reaktiv ist.

A piston 6 is located behind the ballistic hood 3. According to the invention, this piston 6 is guided axially displaceably in the channel 2 of the projectile body 1. When the bullet hits the target, the piston 6 has the following tasks:

• a) It should put the filling or active mass 4 under pressure.
• b) It should cause or at least promote the fragmentation of the projectile body 1 via the filling compound.
• c) It should cause the filling compound to ignite if it is reactive.

As can be seen from Fig. 2-7, the piston 6 can have different shapes for solving these tasks. The rear end face 7 and also the front end face 8 of the piston 6 can either be concave, flat or convex.

In order to be able to put the filling compound 4 under pressure, the piston 6 must transmit the impact shock to this compound 4 as losslessly as possible. Since the projectile can hit the target at any angle, it must be possible to redirect the direction of the impact shock. For this purpose, can between the ballistic hood 3 and Piston 6 an intermediate member 9 are inserted, as from

• a) Der Aufschlagschock soll vom Zwischenglied 9,13 möglichst ungedämpft über den Kolben 6 auf die Füllung 4 übertragen werden.
• b) Bei schrägem Aufschlag, d.h. bei flachem Auftreffwinkel des Geschosses im Ziel soll der Schock möglichst verlustlos in die Achsrichtung des Geschosses umgelenkt werden.
• c) Eine Verkantung des Kolbens 6 soll vermieden werden.

3 to 5 can be seen. According to FIGS. 6 and 7, two intermediate members 9 and 13 can also be used between the hood 3 and the piston 6. This intermediate member 9,13 has the following tasks on impact:

• a) The impact shock should be transmitted from the intermediate link 9, 13 as undamped as possible via the piston 6 to the filling 4.
• b) With an oblique impact, ie with a flat impact angle of the projectile at the target, the shock should be deflected as losslessly as possible in the axial direction of the projectile.
• c) Tilting of the piston 6 should be avoided.

• a) Es soll schwer deformierbar sein, d.h. es soll eine hohe Strukturfestigkeit besitzen.
• b) Es soll trotz hoher Strukturfestigkeit leicht sein. Für dieses Zwischenglied 9,13 werden vorzugsweise Kugeln verwendet.

To solve these tasks, the intermediate link 9, 13 must have the following properties:

• a) It should be difficult to deform, ie it should have a high structural strength.
• b) It should be light despite the high structural strength. Balls are preferably used for this intermediate member 9, 13.

• Gemäss Fig.2 ist die hintere Stirnfläche 7 flach und die vordere Stirnfläche 8 halbkugelförmig konvex.
• Gemäss Fig.3 bildet die hintere Stirnfläche 7 eine konkave Spitze und die vordere Stirnfläche 8 ist kalottenförmig konkav.
• Gemäss Fig.4 ist der Kolben 6 kugelförmig,
• Gemäss Fig.5 ist die hintere Stirnfläche 7 konkav und die vordere Stirnfläche 8 ist kalottenförmig konvex.
• Gemäss Fig.6 bildet die hintere Stirnfläche 7 ebenfalls eine konkave spitze, nur ist die Spitze kleiner als die Spitze gemäss Fig.3.
• Vorzugsweise ist der Kolben 6 tonnenförmig ausgebildet und berührt den Kanal nur entlang einer ringförmigen Linie, wodurch ein Verkanten des Kolbens 6 vermieden wird.

Depending on the task, very different shapes are advantageous for the piston 6:

• 2, the rear face 7 is flat and the front face 8 is hemispherical convex.
• 3, the rear face 7 forms a concave tip and the front face 8 is dome-shaped concave.
• 4, the piston 6 is spherical,
• 5, the rear face 7 is concave and the front face 8 is dome-shaped convex.
• According to Figure 6, the rear end face 7 also forms a concave tip, only the tip is smaller than the tip according to Figure 3.
• The piston 6 is preferably barrel-shaped and only touches the channel along an annular line, thereby preventing the piston 6 from tilting.

If the rear end face 7, which is designed as a focusing surface, is imagined as a reflecting surface onto which mutually parallel light beams strike parallel to the cylinder axis of the piston 6, these light beams are deflected by this reflecting surface. These deflected light beams meet either at a point 15 (Fig. 5) or in a ring 14 (Figs. 3,6 and 7). The diameter of this ring 14 can be of different sizes, as can be seen from FIGS. 3, 6 and 7. The diameter of the same can be larger, equal or smaller than the diameter of the piston 6.

If the piston 6 receives a pulse in the direction of arrow A (FIG. 1) when the projectile hits the target, then the piston 6 is pressed against the active mass 4. Depending on the shape of the end face 7, there are different types of focusing of the pressure shock waves in the active mass 4.

Reference number list

• 1 storey body
• 2 channel
• 3 ballistic hood
• 4 active mass
• 5 rear part of the floor body
• 6 pistons
• 7 Rear face of the piston
• 8 Front face of the piston at the front
• 9 pontic
• 10 rear part sabot
• 11 coat
• 12 hood
• 13 pontic
• 14 focus ring
• 15 focus point.

Claims (11)

1. Sub-caliber, stabilized multi-purpose bullet, containing: - a projectile body (1) with an elongation at break of less than 15% and with a specific weight greater than 14 gr / cm3, a filled, axial, approximately cylindrical channel (2), - A ballistic hood (3) which closes the channel (2) at the front, characterized in that behind the ballistic hood (3) there is a piston (6) which is axially displaceable in the channel (2) of the projectile body (1) and that the channel (2) is closed at the rear. 2. Multi-purpose floor according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston (6) is barrel-shaped and touches the channel (2) along a line. 3. Multi-purpose floor according to claim 2, characterized in that the piston (6) has a flat end face (7) at the rear and a hemispherical end face (8) at the front. 4. Multi-purpose floor according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston (6) has a focusing end face (7) at the rear. 5. Multi-purpose floor according to claim 1, characterized in that between the ballistic hood (3) and the piston (6) an intermediate member (9,13) is arranged, which is intended to transmit the impact shock. 6. Multi-purpose floor according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical channel (2) with an inert, incompressible, easily deformable active mass (4) ge is filling. 7. Multi-purpose floor according to claim 4, characterized in that the rear focusing surface (7) has a concave, parabolic tip. 8. Multi-purpose floor according to claim 4, characterized in that the focusing surface has a focusing point (15). 9. Multi-purpose floor according to claim 4, characterized in that the focusing surface has a focusing ring (14). 10. Multi-purpose floor according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial channel (2) is filled with a fire mass or with an explosive. 11. Multi-purpose bullet according to claim 4 and 9, characterized in that the diameter of the focusing ring is either larger, the same size or smaller than the diameter of the piston (6).

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