EP0144846A2 - Sintered moulded part for contact pieces of vacuum interrupters and method for their fabrication - Google Patents
Sintered moulded part for contact pieces of vacuum interrupters and method for their fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0144846A2 EP0144846A2 EP84113919A EP84113919A EP0144846A2 EP 0144846 A2 EP0144846 A2 EP 0144846A2 EP 84113919 A EP84113919 A EP 84113919A EP 84113919 A EP84113919 A EP 84113919A EP 0144846 A2 EP0144846 A2 EP 0144846A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- impregnation
- melting
- sintering
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
- H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr
Definitions
- the invention relates to molded sintered bodies for vacuum switch contacts and to a method for their production, in which the sintered material is first produced from a metal powder which forms the matrix and has a high melting point by mixing, pressing and sintering and then impregnating the matrix with an impregnating material having a lower melting point.
- Such switch contacts are particularly suitable for vacuum switches in medium-voltage networks with high breaking capacities.
- a method for producing contacts for vacuum switches or vacuum spark gaps is already known, in which a skeleton body is produced by pressing and sintering a high-melting metal powder, on the surface of which a plate made of an impregnating material with a lower melting point is then placed, whereupon this unit is under vacuum held at a temperature below the melting temperature of the first melting metal until the traces of oxygen are removed from the surface of the metals. The temperature is then increased to the melting temperature of the metal with the lower melting temperature, the pores being filled with the impregnating material.
- the skeleton body consists of chrome, the impregnation material made of copper, silver or a copper alloy that contains ⁇ 0.3% zirconium, tantalum or titanium (DE-A1 2521 504).
- the invention is based on the object of specifying shaped sintered bodies for vacuum switch contacts and a method for their production, the above disadvantages not occurring and switch contact pieces of high conductivity being obtainable by a simpler procedure in which a dissolution of the high-melting matrix material in the lower-melting impregnating material is prevented.
- the molded bodies placed in pairs are placed in a vacuum oven and, after evacuation, sintered to a pressure of 10-2 Pa at 1050 ° C. for 2 h to form a liquid phase caused by the low-melting eutectic Cu-B with simultaneous degassing.
- a metallurgical reaction leads to the formation of chromium boride.
- the temperature is then raised to 1150 ° C. and kept at this value for 1 h.
- the pad melts and penetrates as the degassing continues into the sintered body.
- the vacuum oven is then cooled to 900 ° C. and kept at this temperature for 2 hours.
- the boron is separated from the eutectic alloy Cu-B in the form of a finely dispersed structural component.
- the proportion of dissolved chromium which is severely restricted by the chromium boride formed is likewise finely dispersed from the impregnating alloy, so that the highly conductive copper is available without restriction in the contact for the power line.
- the remaining amount of the impregnation material used which is at least equivalent to the determined pore volume, can be placed on the compact in the form of a compact plate.
- the sintering process is carried out at a temperature which is below the melting temperature of the impregnation material, but at least at a temperature at which the filler material and the impregnation material form a eutectic.
- a degassing of the sintered body takes place simultaneously under the action of vacuum at a pressure ⁇ 10 2 Pa.
- a sinter-promoting effect is also achieved by the formation of a liquid phase.
- the reduced surface tension of the impregnation material due to the filler material causes it to be sucked into fine pores and the subsequent impregnation to be influenced positively.
- the filler material undergoes a metallurgical reaction with the higher-melting matrix material, a coherent, coherent surface layer surrounding the matrix material, which in turn leads to solutions gears between the matrix material and the impregnating material flowing in during the subsequent impregnation process are inhibited.
- the temperature is increased to at least the melting temperature of the impregnation material and the specified time is kept at this temperature, as a result of which the pores are filled to a residual pore content of 1 l with simultaneous further degassing of the sintered body.
- the filler material made of the eutectic alloy and the possibly small proportion of dissolved matrix material are finely dispersed due to the decreasing solubility in the impregnating material as the temperature decreases. These excretions cause embrittlement of the phase boundary between matrix material and impregnation material and thus inhibit the tendency to weld.
Landscapes
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft Sinterformkörper für Vakuumschalterkontaktstücke, die eine schnelle, verlustlose Übertragung hoher Ströme gewährleisten, sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Pulvermenge des Matrixwerkstoffs mit 30 bis 70 % der Pulvermenge des Tränkwerkstoffs und mit 1 bis 5 % eines Zusatzwerkstoffs, bezogen auf die Endzusammensetzung, gemischt. Nach der Formgebung wird eine Auflage aus mindestens der Restmenge des Tränkwerkstoffs aufgebracht. Die Sinterung erfolgt bei einer Temperatur unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Tränkwerkstoffs, mindestens jedoch bei der eutektischen Temperatur des Zusatzwerkstoffs mit dem Tränkwerkstoff während einer Sinterdauer 2: 1 h; danach wird die Temperatur auf mindestens die Schmelztemperatur des Tränkwerkstoffs erhöht und ≥ 30 min auf diesem Wert gehalten, wonach sich eine Wärmebehandlung von mindestens 1 h Dauer bei einer Temperatur anschließt, die 100 bis 250 K unterhalb der Sintertemperatur liegt.The invention relates to molded sintered bodies for vacuum switch contact pieces, which ensure fast, lossless transmission of high currents, and to a method for their production. In the method according to the invention, the powder amount of the matrix material is mixed with 30 to 70% of the powder amount of the impregnation material and with 1 to 5% of an additive material, based on the final composition. After shaping, a pad made of at least the remaining amount of the impregnation material is applied. Sintering takes place at a temperature below the melting temperature of the impregnation material, but at least at the eutectic temperature of the filler material with the impregnation material during a sintering period of 2 : 1 h; the temperature is then increased to at least the melting point of the impregnation material and kept at this value for ≥ 30 min, after which a heat treatment of at least 1 h is carried out at a temperature which is 100 to 250 K below the sintering temperature.
Durch diese Verfahrensweise wird ein Lösen des hochschmelzenden Matrixwerkstoffs im niedriger schmelzenden Tränkwerkstoff unterbunden.This procedure prevents the high-melting matrix material from loosening in the lower-melting impregnation material.
Die Erfindung ist insbesondere zur Herstellung von Kontaktstücken von Vakuumschaltern für Mittelspannungsschaltanlagen mit hohen Abschaltleistungen geeignet.The invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of contact pieces of vacuum switches for medium-voltage switchgear with high breaking capacities.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Sinterformkörper für Vakuumschalterkontakte sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, bei dem der Sinterwerkstoff zunächst aus einem die Matrix bildenden Metallpulver hohen Schmelzpunkts durch Mischen, Verpressen und Sintern sowie anschließendes Tränken der Matrix mit einem Tränkwerkstoff niedrigeren Schmelzpunkts hergestellt wird. Solche Schalterkontakte sind besonders für Vakuumschalter in Mittelspannungsnetzen mit hohen Abschaltleistungen geeignet.The invention relates to molded sintered bodies for vacuum switch contacts and to a method for their production, in which the sintered material is first produced from a metal powder which forms the matrix and has a high melting point by mixing, pressing and sintering and then impregnating the matrix with an impregnating material having a lower melting point. Such switch contacts are particularly suitable for vacuum switches in medium-voltage networks with high breaking capacities.
Es ist bereits ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kontakten für Vakuumschalter oder Vakuumfunkenstrecken bekannt, bei dem durch Verpressen und Sintern eines hochschmelzenden Metallpulvers ein Skelettkörper hergestellt wird, auf dessen Oberfläche dann eine Platte aus einem Tränkwerkstoff mit niedrigerem Schmelzpunkt aufgelegt wird, worauf diese Einheit unter Vakuum so lange auf einer Temperatur unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des zuerst schmelzenden Metalls gehalten wird, bis die Sauerstoffspuren aus der Oberfläche der Metalle entfernt sind. Danach wird die Temperatur auf die Schmelztemperatur des Metalls mit der niedrigeren Schmelztemperatur erhöht, wobei die Poren mit dem Tränkwerkstoff gefüllt werden. Der Skelettkörper besteht dabei aus Chrom, der Tränkwerkstoff aus Kupfer, Silber oder aus einer Kupferlegierung, die < 0,3 % Zirkonium, Tantal oder Titan enthält (DE-A1 2521 504).Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, daß das Sintern der Matrix und das Tränken als getrennte Prozeßstufen durchgeführt werden müssen, und die volle Leitfähigkeit des Kupfers oder der Kupferlegierung in solchen Kontakten nicht voll ausgenutzt werden kann, da durch das Lösen der beiden Hauptkomponenten ineinander die Leitfähigkeit herabgesetzt wird. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, daß die Verschweißtendenz der Kontakte bei der Verwendung der angegebenen Werkstoffe nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann.A method for producing contacts for vacuum switches or vacuum spark gaps is already known, in which a skeleton body is produced by pressing and sintering a high-melting metal powder, on the surface of which a plate made of an impregnating material with a lower melting point is then placed, whereupon this unit is under vacuum held at a temperature below the melting temperature of the first melting metal until the traces of oxygen are removed from the surface of the metals. The temperature is then increased to the melting temperature of the metal with the lower melting temperature, the pores being filled with the impregnating material. The skeleton body consists of chrome, the impregnation material made of copper, silver or a copper alloy that contains <0.3% zirconium, tantalum or titanium (DE-A1 2521 504). The disadvantage of this process is that the matrix is sintered and the impregnation must be carried out as separate process steps, and the full conductivity of the copper or the copper alloy in such contacts cannot be fully utilized, since the conductivity is reduced by dissolving the two main components into one another. Another disadvantage is that the tendency of the contacts to weld when using the specified materials cannot be excluded.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Sinterformkörper für Vakuumschalterkontakte sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung anzugeben, wobei die obigen Nachteile nicht auftreten und Schalterkontaktstücke hoher Leitfähigkeit durch eine einfachere Verfahrensweise erhältlich sind, bei der ein Lösen des hochschmelzenden Matrixwerkstoffs in dem niedriger schmelzenden Tränkwerkstoff unterbunden ist.The invention is based on the object of specifying shaped sintered bodies for vacuum switch contacts and a method for their production, the above disadvantages not occurring and switch contact pieces of high conductivity being obtainable by a simpler procedure in which a dissolution of the high-melting matrix material in the lower-melting impregnating material is prevented.
Die Aufgabe wird anspruchsgemäß gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The task is solved according to the requirements. Advantageous further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die durch die Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen besonders in der höheren Leitfähigkeit der Kontaktstücke und insbesondere darin, daß das gesamte Verfahren in einem einzigen Zyklus durchführbar ist.The advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in the higher conductivity of the contact pieces and in particular in the fact that the entire process can be carried out in a single cycle.
Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is described below.
Zunächst wird ein Gemenge aus 50 Gew.-% technisch reinem Chrompulver (Chromgehalt 98 %, Teilchengröße 0,1 bis 0,16 mm), 47,5 Gew.-% reduziertem Kupferpulver (Kupfergehalt - 99,8 %, Teilchengröße 0,06 mm) und 2,5 Gew.-% Bor (amorphes Bor 95 %) hergestellt, das dann unter einem Druck von 250 MPa zu Formkörpern verpreßt wird, deren Dichte 75 1 der theoretischen Dichte beträgt. Eine 110 % des Porenvolumens der Formkörper, also einem Überschuß von 10 %, entsprechende Menge Kupferpulver wird ebenfalls unter einem Druck von 250 MPa zu Formkörpern gleicher Grundfläche gepreßt, die auf die aus der Pulvermischung hergestellten Formkörpern aufgelegt werden. Die paarweise aufeinandergelegten Formkörper werden in einem Vakuumofen eingebracht und nach dem Evakuieren auf einen Druck von 10-2 Pa bei 1050 °C 2 h unter Bildung einer durch das niedrigschmelzende Eutektikum Cu-B bedingten flüssigen Phase bei gleichzeitiger Entgasung gesintert. Während der Sinterung führt eine metallurgische Reaktion zur Bildung von Chromborid. Danach wird die Temperatur auf 1150 °C erhöht und 1 h auf diesem Wert gehalten. Dabei schmilzt die Auflage und dringt mit fortschreitender weiterer Entgasung in den Sinterkörper ein. Der Vakuumofen wird anschließend auf 900 °C abgekühlt und 2 h auf dieser Temperatur gehalten. Während dieser Wärmebehandlung scheidet sich das Bor aus der eutektischen Legierung Cu-B in Form eines feindispers verteilten Gefügebestandteils aus. Der durch das gebildete Chromborid stark eingeschränkte Anteil von gelöstem Chrom wird aus der Tränklegierung ebenfalls feindispers ausgeschieden, so daß das gut leitende Kupfer im Kontakt für die Stromleitung uneingeschränkt zur Verfügung steht. Die Restmenge des verwendeten Tränkwerkstoffs, die mindestens dem ermittelten Porenvolumen äquivalent ist, kann als Auflage dem Preßling in Form einer kompakten Platte aufgelegt werden. Der Sinterprozeß wird bei einer Temperatur durchgeführt, die unter der Aufschmelztemperatur des Tränkwerkstoffs liegt, jedoch mindestens bei einer Temperatur, bei welcher der Zusatzwerkstoff und der Tränkwerkstoff ein Eutektikum bilden. Dabei findet unter Einwirkung von Vakuum bei einem Druck < 102 Pa gleichzeitig eine Entgasung des Sinterkörpers statt. Durch die Bildung einer flüssigen Phase wird außerdem eine sinterfördernde Wirkung erzielt. Die durch den Zusatzwerkstoff herabgesetzte Oberflächenspannung des Tränkwerkstoffs bewirkt, daß dieser bereits in feine Poren eingesogen und dadurch die nachfolgende Tränkung positiv beeinflußt wird. Weiterhin geht der Zusatzwerkstoff mit dem höher schmelzenden Matrixwerkstoff eine metallurgische Reaktion ein, wobei eine kohärente, zusammenhängende Oberflächenschicht den Matrixwerkstoff umgibt, wodurch wiederum Lösungsvorgänge zwischen dem Matrixwerkstoff und dem beim nachfolgenden Tränkvorgang nachfließenden Tränkwerkstoff gehemmt werden. Nach der Sinterung wird die Temperatur mindestens auf die Schmelztemperatur des Tränkwerkstoffs erhöht und die angegebene Zeit auf dieser Temperatur gehalten, wodurch die Füllung der Poren bis auf einen Restporengehalt von 1 1 bei gleichzeitiger weiterer Entgasung des Sinterkörpers stattfindet. Nach der anschließenden Senkung der Temperatur und aufgrund der Wärmebehandlung scheiden sich der Zusatzwerkstoff aus der eutektischen Legierung und der möglicherweise vorliegende geringe Anteil von gelöstem Matrixwerkstoff infolge der mit sinkender Temperatur abnehmenden Löslichkeit im Tränkwerkstoff feindispers verteilt aus. Diese Ausscheidungen bewirken eine Versprödung der Phasengrenze Matrixwerkstoff - Tränkwerkstoff und hemmen damit die Verschweißneigung.First, a mixture of 50% by weight of technically pure chrome powder (chromium content 98%, particle size 0.1 to 0.16 mm), 47.5% by weight of reduced copper powder (copper content - 99.8%, particle size 0.06 mm) and 2.5 wt .-% boron (amorphous boron 95%), which is then pressed under a pressure of 250 MPa to give moldings whose density is 75 1 of the theoretical density. A quantity of copper powder corresponding to 110% of the pore volume of the moldings, that is to say an excess of 10%, is likewise pressed under a pressure of 250 MPa to give moldings of the same base area which are placed on the moldings produced from the powder mixture. The molded bodies placed in pairs are placed in a vacuum oven and, after evacuation, sintered to a pressure of 10-2 Pa at 1050 ° C. for 2 h to form a liquid phase caused by the low-melting eutectic Cu-B with simultaneous degassing. During the sintering, a metallurgical reaction leads to the formation of chromium boride. The temperature is then raised to 1150 ° C. and kept at this value for 1 h. The pad melts and penetrates as the degassing continues into the sintered body. The vacuum oven is then cooled to 900 ° C. and kept at this temperature for 2 hours. During this heat treatment, the boron is separated from the eutectic alloy Cu-B in the form of a finely dispersed structural component. The proportion of dissolved chromium which is severely restricted by the chromium boride formed is likewise finely dispersed from the impregnating alloy, so that the highly conductive copper is available without restriction in the contact for the power line. The remaining amount of the impregnation material used, which is at least equivalent to the determined pore volume, can be placed on the compact in the form of a compact plate. The sintering process is carried out at a temperature which is below the melting temperature of the impregnation material, but at least at a temperature at which the filler material and the impregnation material form a eutectic. A degassing of the sintered body takes place simultaneously under the action of vacuum at a pressure <10 2 Pa. A sinter-promoting effect is also achieved by the formation of a liquid phase. The reduced surface tension of the impregnation material due to the filler material causes it to be sucked into fine pores and the subsequent impregnation to be influenced positively. Furthermore, the filler material undergoes a metallurgical reaction with the higher-melting matrix material, a coherent, coherent surface layer surrounding the matrix material, which in turn leads to solutions gears between the matrix material and the impregnating material flowing in during the subsequent impregnation process are inhibited. After sintering, the temperature is increased to at least the melting temperature of the impregnation material and the specified time is kept at this temperature, as a result of which the pores are filled to a residual pore content of 1 l with simultaneous further degassing of the sintered body. After the subsequent lowering of the temperature and due to the heat treatment, the filler material made of the eutectic alloy and the possibly small proportion of dissolved matrix material are finely dispersed due to the decreasing solubility in the impregnating material as the temperature decreases. These excretions cause embrittlement of the phase boundary between matrix material and impregnation material and thus inhibit the tendency to weld.
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kristallite des Matrixwerkstoffs von einer Schicht umgeben sind, die mindestens teilweise aus einem binären Eutektikum besteht, dessen eine Komponente aus dem Tränkwerkstoff und dessen andere Komponente aus einem Zusatzwerkstoff bestehen.6. sintered molded body for vacuum switch contacts based on a sintered high-melting matrix material and a lower-melting impregnating material that surrounds the crystallites of the matrix material,
characterized in that the crystallites of the matrix material are surrounded by a layer which consists at least partially of a binary eutectic, one component of which is made of the impregnating material and the other component of which is made of an additional material.
erhältlich durch folgende Verfahrensschritte:
obtainable through the following process steps:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT84113919T ATE34873T1 (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1984-11-16 | SINTERED BODIES FOR VACUUM SWITCH CONTACT PIECES AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD83257796A DD219619A1 (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1983-12-12 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SINTERED MATERIALS FOR VACUUM SWITCH CONTACT PANEL |
| DD257796 | 1983-12-12 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0144846A2 true EP0144846A2 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
| EP0144846A3 EP0144846A3 (en) | 1986-01-02 |
| EP0144846B1 EP0144846B1 (en) | 1988-06-01 |
Family
ID=5552815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84113919A Expired EP0144846B1 (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1984-11-16 | Sintered moulded part for contact pieces of vacuum interrupters and method for their fabrication |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0144846B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS60149702A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE34873T1 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD219619A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3471806D1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU598815B2 (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1990-07-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers |
| DE19537657A1 (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1997-04-17 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Method and device for producing a contact piece |
| US6524525B2 (en) | 2000-03-04 | 2003-02-25 | Metalor Technologies International Sa | Method for producing a contact material for contact pieces for vacuum switch devices, and a contact material and contact pieces therefor |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2632886B2 (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1997-07-23 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Manufacturing method of multi-phase structure sintered body |
| DE19933111A1 (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-18 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Vacuum chamber for low power switching, has sintered structure applied to inner surface of cylinder lid to form fixed contact |
| DE19960876A1 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-21 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Method for producing a contact piece blank and a contact piece, as well as a contact piece blank, a contact piece and a contact piece arrangement for axial magnetic field applications in a vacuum chamber |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2310317A1 (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1974-09-05 | Siemens Ag | Copper alloy contact for vacuum reed relay - contg. boron, zirconium, lanthanium, cerium or chromium for higher strength |
| GB1459475A (en) * | 1974-05-23 | 1976-12-22 | English Electric Co Ltd | Manufacture of contact ekements for vacuum interrupters |
| US3960554A (en) * | 1974-06-03 | 1976-06-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Powdered metallurgical process for forming vacuum interrupter contacts |
| US4190753A (en) * | 1978-04-13 | 1980-02-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High-density high-conductivity electrical contact material for vacuum interrupters and method of manufacture |
-
1983
- 1983-12-12 DD DD83257796A patent/DD219619A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1984
- 1984-11-16 EP EP84113919A patent/EP0144846B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-16 DE DE8484113919T patent/DE3471806D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-16 AT AT84113919T patent/ATE34873T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-11 JP JP59260106A patent/JPS60149702A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU598815B2 (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1990-07-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers |
| DE19537657A1 (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1997-04-17 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Method and device for producing a contact piece |
| US6524525B2 (en) | 2000-03-04 | 2003-02-25 | Metalor Technologies International Sa | Method for producing a contact material for contact pieces for vacuum switch devices, and a contact material and contact pieces therefor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0144846B1 (en) | 1988-06-01 |
| DD219619A1 (en) | 1985-03-06 |
| DE3471806D1 (en) | 1988-07-07 |
| EP0144846A3 (en) | 1986-01-02 |
| ATE34873T1 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
| JPS60149702A (en) | 1985-08-07 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
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