EP0037036A2 - Rotary shredding machine for the reduction of waste material - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Rotary shears for the disintegrating of waste material, especially scrap material, comprising two parallel rotors, driven in opposite directions and meshing with each other, characterized in that the first rotor (7) has a substantially double-conical, concave generated surface and the second rotor (8) a corresponding, doble-conical, convex generated surface.

Description

The invention relates to a rotor shear for crushing waste, in particular metallic and non-metallic waste material, with two mutually parallel, oppositely driven, intermeshing rotors.

A device of this type known from DE-AS 1 130 683 is used for shredding paper, in particular crumpled paper, cardboard and the like, the rotor disks of the same diameter essentially forming the rotors each being provided with at least one pull-in nose, with the aid of which the pull-in of the Material should be supported between the rotors, which works quite well as long as the pieces of material to be drawn in do not differ significantly in size from the size of the pull-in lugs. As soon as the pieces of material to be shredded are significantly larger than the pull-in lugs, the desired pull-in result is not achieved.

Since it is not possible for design reasons to make the retractable lugs arbitrarily large, these known machines can only be used properly where relatively small materials, such as. B. paper, rags and the like are to be shredded, which offer the retractable lugs still reaction forces of considerable extent causing attack surfaces.

When processing large-volume materials, such as barrels or the like round containers and larger motor vehicle tires, etc., however, considerable difficulties arise because such pieces of material regularly "dance" on the rotors for a relatively long time and cannot be drawn in. The resulting hindrance to the shredding operation and the reduction in throughput are not economically viable.

With a proposal known from DE-OS 2 049 124, attempts have already been made to counteract these difficulties by bringing the pieces of material "dancing" on the rotors into the area of the rotors by means of a pressure member in the manner of a tamper and for a safe insertion into the cutting tools. The pressure element is coupled to the rotor drive in terms of drive and consequently inevitably carries out regular reciprocating reciprocating movements. This known proposal has the disadvantage, in particular, that the pressure member is actuated even when its effects are not required at all or are even not desired at all, which means not only a useless and unnecessary energy installation, but also material which is per se problem-free for so-called overfeeding and eventually blocking the rotor shears. Apart from the additional disruptive factor that such a pressure element represents for the workflow of a machine in operation due to the movements that are constantly carried out in the space above the comminution elements; In addition, the use of this component means a considerable additional, cost-intensive construction effort.

The invention has for its object to provide a rotor shear of the type mentioned, with the bulky parts, such as drums, tires, wheels and the like can be crushed without disturbance at a consistently high throughput, without the need for additional internals. This object is achieved according to the invention in a rotor shear with two mutually parallel, counter-rotating, intermeshing rotors by complementary rib rotors with double taper.

The surprisingly simple measures according to the teaching of the invention surprisingly lead to the fact that dancing even bulky goods above the rotors is avoided with certainty. The idea of the invention to equip one rib rotor with an essentially concave lateral surface and the other rib rotor with an essentially convex lateral surface, so that, with regard to the mutual intermeshing of the rotors provided over the entire rotor length, this double conicity is reversed a filling funnel, the bulky material supplied to the rotors is initially a kind of wobble, caused by the rotor, the envelope of which has an essentially convex shape. From this rotor, the material lying on the peripheral surfaces is tipped as a result of the ongoing rotation to the rotor, which is essentially enclosed by a concave envelope and which exerts a kind of collecting or pocket effect on the incoming material due to its shape.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that alone due to the continuous wobbling movement of the material without an additional, costly and possibly even obstructing the processing sequence, the material is gripped by the rotors and is pulled in between them without any problems.

In an advantageous embodiment, in which the rotor shears are each equipped with a plurality of rotors, which are spaced by spacer rings on a shaft, these rotor disks, each provided with cutting or tearing teeth, have different diameters according to the invention and are on the shaft of one rotor from the shaft center towards the shaft ends and on the shaft of the other rotor from the shaft ends towards the shaft center with decreasing diameter. This configuration, which, with its disc structure, represents an optimal implementation of the rib rotors, particularly from a production point of view, leads to a complementary design, in which each rotor consists, so to speak, of a double cone formed by lined up or stacked discs, the two truncated cones in the case of one rotor their smaller end faces and in the case of the other rotor with their larger end faces or base surfaces.

In order to keep the feed of the material between the rib rotors and thus also the forces acting on them uniform, the rotors in a further embodiment of the invention have a symmetrical structure, i.e. the largest rotor diameter on the one hand and the smallest rotor diameter on the other are between two between the rotor ends.

In order to allow even difficult material to be drawn in between the rib rotors, the rotors have the option of holding the material with a large lever arm and small force (large disc diameter) and pulling in the material with the opposite small lever arm and large force (small disc diameter ). The total drive power is not affected, since the sum of all circumferential forces of one rotor is equal to the sum of the circumferential forces of the other rotor.

folgen.A particularly effective comminution can be achieved in the context of the invention in a preferred embodiment in that the intermediate _rings of each rotor have different diameters (d _{z1 ... n} ), the rotors are spaced apart (a), the rotor disks the diameters (d _{RS1 ... n} ) and the intermediate rings are arranged on the shafts so that they are in the same way as the rotor disks in one rotor from the shaft center towards the shaft ends and on the shaft of the other rotor from the shaft ends are arranged towards the center of the shaft with increasing diameter, the diameter of the intermediate rings of the formula

consequences.

In the above formula, the index has "z1 ... n" the respective sequence of the intermediate rings, while the respective rotor disk sequence is addressed with "RS1 ... n".

• Fig. 1 eine Rotorenschere in vereinfachter, perspektivischer Darstellung;
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht in vergrößertem Maßstab auf die Rotorenschere gemäß Fig. 1 bei abgenommenem Füll- und Auslaßtrichter; und
• Fig. 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the accompanying drawings, which show an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

• 1 shows a rotor shear in a simplified, perspective representation;
• FIG. 2 shows a plan view on an enlarged scale of the rotor shears according to FIG. 1 with the filling and outlet funnel removed; and
• 3 shows a section along the line III-III in FIG. 2nd

1 consists of a housing 1, which is held on a frame 3 provided with legs 2, and a filling funnel 4 which opens into the housing 1 from above. An outlet funnel 5 is fastened on the underside of the frame 3 and opens to one Conveyor belt 6 out, which is used to remove the shredded material.

In the housing 1, two rotors 7 and 8 are mounted, each of which is provided with its own drive 9 or 10. The rotors are driven in opposite directions so that they move downward in the overlap area. Although different embodiments are possible for the construction of the cutting tools as rib rotors 7 and 8, the invention has been developed within the scope of the invention the illustrated, described in more detail below, proved to be advantageous.

In Fig. 2, the rotors 7, 8 are shown for clarity in a simplified manner as consisting of round rotor disks without cutting teeth.

The actual design possibility of the rotor disks can, however, be seen from FIG. 3, although here the peripheral surfaces of the rotor disks following the first rotor disk are only indicated as dash-dotted circles. A rotor 7 or 8 then essentially consists of a shaft 11 or 12, on which rotor disks 13 or 14 with cutting or tearing teeth 15 and intermediate rings 16 or 17 are alternately strung together in a known manner. The mutual assignment and spacing takes place in such a way that each rotor disk 13 - apart from the end side - of the rotor 7 engages between two adjacent rotor disks 14 of the rotor 8 and vice versa.

The cutting teeth 15 of adjacent rotor disks are expediently offset from one another in the shaft axis direction (see also FIG. 3), so that they are not used simultaneously but successively over the rotor length, which has a favorable effect on the drive power to be installed.

Furthermore, it is provided in the preferred embodiment shown as a way of giving the rib rotors 7 and 8 the double conicity according to the invention that the rotor disks 14 and the intermediate ring ge 17 of the rotor 8 with their different diameters with a decreasing size from the shaft center toward the two shaft ends towards the shaft 12 and are thus quasi bounded by an imaginary, essentially convex envelope. The rotor disks 13 and intermediate rings 16 of the rotor 7, which also have different diameters, on the other hand are arranged on the opposite shaft 11 in such a way that they achieve a double conicity which is complementary to the rotor 8, that is to say from the center of the shaft towards both ends of the shaft there is an increasing conical rotor shape or quasi from an imaginary, essentially concave envelope.

When the rotor shears are in operation, the rotor disks 14 or the cutting or tearing teeth 15 attached to them work against the intermediate rings 16. In a complementary manner, the rotor disks 13 arranged on the shaft 11 work against the intermediate rings 17 arranged on the shaft 12 the material initially divided into strips between the rotor disks, preferably light, bulky metal scrap such as barrels, cables, rims and the like on the one hand, tires, bulky waste such as cupboards, mattresses and the like on the other hand between the cutting teeth 15 and the intermediate rings 16 and 17 which act as an anvil cross-divided.

If a bulky object, e.g. B. an oil drum with a comparatively large diameter, in the rotor shears, this is initially set by the symmetrically convex rotor 8 in a wobbling motion. Due to the constant shift caused by this the surface of the oil drum relative to the cutting teeth 15 of the rotors 7 and 8, the cutting teeth 15 are found to be much more likely than in the prior art to attack the oil drum in order to finally pull it in between the rotors 7 and 8. This effect is further supported by the complementary-symmetrical concave design of the rotor 7, because this forms a feed pocket with a wide feed angle, which ultimately prevents jumping out of bulky objects once they have been detected.

Claims (4)

1. rotor shears for crushing waste, in particular metallic and non-metallic waste material, with two mutually parallel, counter-rotating, intermeshing rotors, characterized by complementary rib rotors (7, 8) with double taper. 2. Rotor shears according to claim 1, each with a plurality of rotors, which are spaced apart by spacer rings on a shaft, characterized in that the rotor disks (13, 14) provided with cutting or tearing teeth (15) of each rotor (7, 8 ) have different diameters and are arranged on the shaft (12) of one rotor (8) from the shaft center towards the shaft ends and on the shaft (11) of the other rotor (7) from the shaft ends towards the shaft center with decreasing diameter . 3. rotor shears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a complementary-symmetrical structure of the rib rotors (7, 8). ' 4. Rotor shear according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the intermediate rings (16, 17) of each rotor differ have diameters (d _{z1 ... n} ), the rotors (7, 8) are mounted at a distance (a) from each other, the rotor disks (13, 14) have the diameters (d _{RS1 ... n} ) and the intermediate rings ( 16, 17) are arranged on the shafts (12) such that they are in the same way as the rotor disks (13, 14) in the one rotor (7) from the shaft center to the shaft ends and on the shaft (12) of the other rotor (8) from the shaft ends to the shaft center with increasing diameter, the diameter of the intermediate rings (16, 17) of the formula

consequences.

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