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EP0029380A1 - Method of forming a bead in the wall of a metallic tube - Google Patents

Method of forming a bead in the wall of a metallic tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0029380A1
EP0029380A1 EP80401568A EP80401568A EP0029380A1 EP 0029380 A1 EP0029380 A1 EP 0029380A1 EP 80401568 A EP80401568 A EP 80401568A EP 80401568 A EP80401568 A EP 80401568A EP 0029380 A1 EP0029380 A1 EP 0029380A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
phase
flange
wall
forming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80401568A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0029380B1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Masset
Paul Fontaine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ST Dupont SA
Original Assignee
ST Dupont SA
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Publication date
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Application filed by ST Dupont SA filed Critical ST Dupont SA
Priority to AT80401568T priority Critical patent/ATE17665T1/en
Publication of EP0029380A1 publication Critical patent/EP0029380A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0029380B1 publication Critical patent/EP0029380B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D17/00—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D17/00—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles
    • B21D17/04—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles by rolling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of forming a flange, which can serve as a stop on the internal or external wall of a metal tube, and in particular a thin tube.
  • the material is made to flow so as to form a circular groove on one side and, consequently, an annular bulge forming a stop on the other side.
  • the flanks of the stops thus produced are inclined relative to the cross section of the tube, which is incompatible with applications requiring free stops.
  • the present invention aims to remedy this drawback by making it possible to obtain flanges constituting free stops on the tubes, by simple deformation of the metal.
  • It relates to a method of forming a flange on the wall of a tube, preferably of small thickness, this method being characterized in that, in a first phase, the tube is deformed so as to form , at the periphery of the tube and on the face opposite that where it is desired to obtain the collar, a circular groove bounded by two adjacent sides, and in that, in a second phase, the tube is compressed axially, up to bringing the two adjacent flanks formed during the first phase into contact.
  • This process has the advantage of providing flanges whose planes are substantially perpendicular to the wall of the tube. They thus constitute frank stops, capable of constituting a non-deformable blocking means.
  • Another advantage of the invention resides in the fact that in the case of an internal stop, the usual external groove, which attracted the eye, is replaced by a simple circular line.
  • annular groove is formed on a tube 1.
  • an axial compression force shown by the arrows 9 and 10 is applied to the tube.
  • This force must be sufficient to bring the two sides 7 and 8 of the groove 6 into contact.
  • the flange 11 formed by the sides 7 and 8 is substantially located in a cross section of the tube and, therefore, constitutes a frank and non-deformable stop.
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6 show a variant implementation of the invention in which the flange is formed not inside the tube, but outside of the latter.
  • An advantageous implementation of the method according to the invention consists, during the first deformation phase and as shown in FIG. 7, in pushing the bottom 15 of the circular groove 17 until it is in the alignment of the wall 19 (alignment shown by the line 1 I) on which the flange will be formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

Pour former une collerette sur la paroi d'un tube métallique (1), on commense par déformer ce tube, de façon à former à sa périphérie une gorge circulaire (6).To form a flange on the wall of a metal tube (1), we begin by deforming this tube, so as to form at its periphery a circular groove (6).

Ensuite, on comprime axialement le tube (1 ) de façon à amener en contact les deux flancs adjacents (7, 8) de la gorge (6).Then, the tube (1) is axially compressed so as to bring the two adjacent sides (7, 8) of the groove (6) into contact.

Les collerettes ainsi réalisées sur la paroi intérieure ou externe du tube peuvent servir de butées franches.

Figure imgaf001
The flanges thus produced on the inner or outer wall of the tube can serve as free stops.
Figure imgaf001

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de formation d'une collerette, pouvant servir de butée sur la paroi interne ou externe d'un tube métallique, et en particulier d'un tube de faible épaisseur.The present invention relates to a method of forming a flange, which can serve as a stop on the internal or external wall of a metal tube, and in particular a thin tube.

Habituellement, pour réaliser une butée sur un tube on procède par enlèvement de métal, par exemple en réalisant un chambrage. Cependant, cette solution n'est guère utilisable que dans le cas de tubes possédant une épaisseur suffisante.Usually, to make a stop on a tube, metal is removed, for example by making a recess. However, this solution is hardly usable except in the case of tubes having a sufficient thickness.

Dans le cas de tubes de faible épaisseur, on préfère souvent, pour éviter d'affaiblir le produit, utiliser des moyens évitant de faire appel à un enlèvement de matière et faisant plutôt intervenir des techniques de déformation, telles que par exemple le moletage.In the case of thin tubes, it is often preferred, in order to avoid weakening the product, to use means which avoid the need for material removal and which rather involve deformation techniques, such as for example knurling.

Dans les procédés de ce type, on fait fluer le matériau de façon à former une gorge circulaire sur une face et, par conséquent, un renflement annulaire formant butée sur l'autre face. Les flancs des butées ainsi réalisées sont inclinés par rapport à la section droite du tube, ce qui est incompatible avec des applications nécessitant des butées franches.In processes of this type, the material is made to flow so as to form a circular groove on one side and, consequently, an annular bulge forming a stop on the other side. The flanks of the stops thus produced are inclined relative to the cross section of the tube, which is incompatible with applications requiring free stops.

La présente invention vise à remédier à cet inconvénient en permettant d'obtenir des collerettes constituant des butées franches sur les tubes, par simple déformation du métal.The present invention aims to remedy this drawback by making it possible to obtain flanges constituting free stops on the tubes, by simple deformation of the metal.

Elle a pour objet un procédé de formation d'une collerette sur la paroi d'un tube, de préférence de faible épaisseur, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce que, dans une première phase, on procède à la déformation du tube de façon à former, à la périphérie du tube et sur la face opposée à celle où l'on désire obtenir la collerette, une gorge circulaire limitée par deux flancs adjacents, et en ce que, dans une seconde phase, on comprime axialement le tube, jusqu'à amener en contact les deux flancs adjacents formés au cours de la première phase.It relates to a method of forming a flange on the wall of a tube, preferably of small thickness, this method being characterized in that, in a first phase, the tube is deformed so as to form , at the periphery of the tube and on the face opposite that where it is desired to obtain the collar, a circular groove bounded by two adjacent sides, and in that, in a second phase, the tube is compressed axially, up to bringing the two adjacent flanks formed during the first phase into contact.

Ce procédé présente l'avantage de fournir des collerettes dont los plans sont sensiblement perpendiculaires à la paroi du tube. Elles constituent ainsi des butées franches, susceptibles de constituer un moyen de blocage indéformable.This process has the advantage of providing flanges whose planes are substantially perpendicular to the wall of the tube. They thus constitute frank stops, capable of constituting a non-deformable blocking means.

Un autre avantage de l'invention, d'ordre décoratif, réside dans le fait que dans le cas d'une butée intérieure, la gorge extérieure usuelle, qui attirait le regard, est remplacée par une simple ligne circulaire.Another advantage of the invention, of a decorative nature, resides in the fact that in the case of an internal stop, the usual external groove, which attracted the eye, is replaced by a simple circular line.

Des modes de mise en oeuvre de l'invention seront décrits ci-après, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une coupe axiale d'un tube représenté à la fin de la première phase du procédé suivant l'invention, dans son application à la formation d'une butée interne ;
  • La figure 2 est une coupe axiale du tube de la figure 1 représenté à la fin de la seconde phase du procédé ;
  • La figure 3 est une vue en perspective du tube montré à la figure 2
  • Les figures 4, 5 et 6 sont des vues analogues aux figures 1, 2 et 3 dans le cas de l'application du procédé selon l'invention à la formation d'une butée interne.
  • La figure 7 est une coupe axiale partielle d'une variante de réalisation.
Modes of implementing the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is an axial section of a tube shown at the end of the first phase of the method according to the invention, in its application to the formation of an internal stop;
  • Figure 2 is an axial section of the tube of Figure 1 shown at the end of the second phase of the process;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the tube shown in Figure 2
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6 are views similar to Figures 1, 2 and 3 in the case of the application of the method according to the invention to the formation of an internal stop.
  • Figure 7 is a partial axial section of an alternative embodiment.

Comme indiqué ci-dessus, dans une première phase du procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention, on forme sur un tube 1 une gorge annulaire.As indicated above, in a first phase of the process which is the subject of the invention, an annular groove is formed on a tube 1.

Pour ce faire, et de façon connue, le tube étant maintenu par des galets figurés par les flèches 2 et 3, on applique sur celui-ci une molette figurée par la flèche 4, tandis qu'on lui imprime un mouvement de rotation figuré par la flèche 5. Sous l'action conjuguée de l'éffort radial et du mouvement de rotation, le métal flue et une gorge circulaire 6 limitée par les flancs 7 et 8, se forme.To do this, and in a known manner, the tube being held by rollers shown by arrows 2 and 3, a wheel shown by arrow 4 is applied to it, while a rotational movement shown by arrow 5. Under the combined action of the radial force and the rotational movement, the metal creeps and a circular groove 6 limited by the sides 7 and 8, is formed.

Dans une seconde phase, on applique au tube un effort de compression axial, figuré par les flèches 9 et 10. Cet effort doit être suffisant pour amener en contact les deux flancs 7 et 8 de la gorge 6. Ainsi, la collerette 11 formée par les flancs 7 et 8 est sensiblement située dans une section droite du tube et, de ce fait, constitue une butée franche et indéformable.In a second phase, an axial compression force, shown by the arrows 9 and 10, is applied to the tube. This force must be sufficient to bring the two sides 7 and 8 of the groove 6 into contact. Thus, the flange 11 formed by the sides 7 and 8 is substantially located in a cross section of the tube and, therefore, constitutes a frank and non-deformable stop.

Les figures 4, 5 et 6 représentent une variante do mise en oeuvre de l'invention dans laquelle la collerette est formée non pas à l'intérieur du tube, mais à l'extérieur de ce dernier.Figures 4, 5 and 6 show a variant implementation of the invention in which the flange is formed not inside the tube, but outside of the latter.

Sur ces figures, les organes déjà décrits conservent les mômes références affectées de l'indice´.In these figures, the bodies already described retain the same references assigned the index.

Une mise en oeuvre intéressante du procédé suivant l'invention, consiste au cours de la première phase de déformation et comme montré à la figure 7, à repousser le fond 15 de la gorge circulaire 17 jusqu'à ce qu'elle se trouve dans l'alignement de la paroi 19 (alignement figuré par la ligne 1 I) sur laquelle sera formée la collerette.An advantageous implementation of the method according to the invention consists, during the first deformation phase and as shown in FIG. 7, in pushing the bottom 15 of the circular groove 17 until it is in the alignment of the wall 19 (alignment shown by the line 1 I) on which the flange will be formed.

On supprime ainsi toute zone de matière reliant directement, en droite ligne, la partie 23 à la partie 25 du tube. De ce fait on supprime une zone de résistance s'opposant directement à l'effort de compression axial exercé sur le tube au cours de la seconde phase et on rend plus aisée la formation de la collerette.This removes any area of material directly connecting, in a straight line, part 23 to part 25 of the tube. As a result, a resistance zone is directly eliminated opposing the axial compression force exerted on the tube during the second phase and the formation of the flange is made easier.

Il est bien évident que, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, on pourrait adapter ce procédé à des cas d'espèces, par exemple en réalisant la gorge circulaire par un procédé autre qu'un moletage.It is obvious that, without departing from the scope of the invention, this process could be adapted to specific cases, for example by making the circular groove by a process other than knurling.

On notera que, du fait que le procédé conforme à l'invention ne fait pas appel à un enlèvement de matière il est possible de réduire considérablement l'épaisseur des tubes auxquels il est appliqué, en réalisant ainsi une économie appréciable, pouvant atteindre 50 %, du matériau constitutif dudit tube.It will be noted that, since the process according to the invention does not require removal of material, it is possible to considerably reduce the thickness of the tubes to which it is applied, thereby achieving appreciable savings, of up to 50%. , of the constituent material of said tube.

Claims (4)

1.- Procédé de formation d'une collerette (11, 11´) sur la paroi d'un tube métallique (1,1'), de préférence de faible épaisseur, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce que, dans une première phase, on procède à la déformation du tube (1,1') de façon à former, à la périphérie du tube et sur la face opposée à celle où l'on désire obtenir la, collerette, une gorge circulaire (6,6', 17) limitée par deux flancs adjacents (7,8), et en ce que, dans une seconde phase, on comprime axialement le tube (1,1´) jusqu'à amener en contact les deux flancs adjacents (7,8) formés au cours de la première phase.1.- Method for forming a flange (11, 11 ') on the wall of a metal tube (1.1'), preferably of small thickness, this method being characterized in that, in a first phase, the tube (1.1 ') is deformed so as to form, on the periphery of the tube and on the face opposite to that where it is desired to obtain the flange, a circular groove (6,6', 17 ) limited by two adjacent sides (7,8), and in that, in a second phase, the tube (1,1 ') is compressed axially until the two adjacent sides (7,8) formed in contact are brought into contact during the first phase. 2.- Procédé de formation d'une collerette sur un tube suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la déformation du tube réalisée au cours de la première phase est telle que le fond (15) de la susdite gorge (17) atteigne au moins l'alignement de la paroi (19) sur laquelle est formée la collerette.2.- A method of forming a flange on a tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the deformation of the tube produced during the first phase is such that the bottom (15) of the said groove (17) reaches at minus the alignment of the wall (19) on which the flange is formed. 3.- Procédé de formation d'une collerette suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la première phase comprend une opération de moletage.3.- A method of forming a flange according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the first phase comprises a knurling operation. 4.- Tube comportant sur l'une de ses faces une collerette (11, 11', 17) réalisée par un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3.'4.- Tube comprising on one of its faces a collar (11, 11 ', 17) produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 3.'
EP80401568A 1979-11-15 1980-11-03 Method of forming a bead in the wall of a metallic tube Expired EP0029380B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80401568T ATE17665T1 (en) 1979-11-15 1980-11-03 METHOD OF MAKING A BEAD ON THE WALL OF A METAL PIPE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7928184 1979-11-15
FR7928184A FR2469226A1 (en) 1979-11-15 1979-11-15 METHOD FOR FORMING ANNULAR STOPPERS ON THE WALL OF A TUBE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0029380A1 true EP0029380A1 (en) 1981-05-27
EP0029380B1 EP0029380B1 (en) 1986-01-29

Family

ID=9231720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80401568A Expired EP0029380B1 (en) 1979-11-15 1980-11-03 Method of forming a bead in the wall of a metallic tube

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0029380B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS56128619A (en)
AT (1) ATE17665T1 (en)
BE (1) BE886187A (en)
DE (1) DE3071398D1 (en)
ES (1) ES496813A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2469226A1 (en)
IT (1) IT1147785B (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6027418A (en) * 1983-07-25 1985-02-12 Jiro Yaguchi Production of reinforced metallic cylinder
FR2639562A1 (en) * 1988-11-29 1990-06-01 Carnaud Sa Method of manufacturing a metal package such as, in particular, a paint tin, and corresponding package
FR2639561A1 (en) * 1988-11-29 1990-06-01 Carnaud Sa Method of manufacturing a metal package having a flexible cover, and corresponding metal package
FR2776605A1 (en) * 1998-03-30 1999-10-01 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Windscreen wiper bearing support and method of production
WO2002004783A1 (en) * 2000-07-07 2002-01-17 Zeroth Technology Limited Deformable member
WO2011092576A3 (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-12-01 Eaton Corporation Method for making a bag filter housing, such a filter housing and filter assembly
WO2015151016A3 (en) * 2014-04-02 2015-11-26 I.M.M. Hydraulics S.P.A. Bushing for the connection of two tubular elements and method for the production thereof

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10332093B4 (en) * 2003-07-15 2017-09-14 Epcos Ag Process for producing an electrochemical cell and the electrochemical cell
DE102005060612A1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-21 Hydac Filtertechnik Gmbh Producing a support for a filter element, comprising a tube with annular crimps, comprises pinching together the flanks of the crimps to form a support ring
ES2319609B1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2010-07-06 Nemesio Zubia, S.A. METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STATIC METAL PIPES AND STAINLESS METAL TUBE MANUFACTURED WITH SUCH METHOD.
ES2400766B1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2014-06-03 Nemesio Zubia, S.A. METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STAINLESS METAL PIPES AND STAINLESS METAL TUBE MANUFACTURED WITH SUCH IMPROVED METHOD

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB104186A (en) * 1914-09-22 1900-01-01 Mannesmann Ag Improvements in or relating to a Machine for the Flanging of Pipes.
FR402947A (en) * 1908-09-12 1909-10-20 Eriel D'usines A Gaz Connection sleeve and its manufacturing process
US2024803A (en) * 1932-08-19 1935-12-17 Nelson Royden Pipe beading machine
DE644191C (en) * 1937-04-26 Rheinisches Press & Ziehwerk K Method for filling in the folding gap on the folding flange of a piercing lid
US2085710A (en) * 1935-08-26 1937-06-29 Appleton Electric Co Pipe beading tool
US2147032A (en) * 1936-10-06 1939-02-14 Imp Brass Mfg Co Tool for working tubing
GB515745A (en) * 1938-06-07 1939-12-13 Ernest Haslam Improvements in or relating to tools used in flanging tubes
FR1051547A (en) * 1951-12-29 1954-01-18 Terrot Ets Process and device for the cold manufacture of parts comprising a collar from a tube
US3031904A (en) * 1960-05-31 1962-05-01 Ford Motor Co Tool for shaping tubular material
US4114414A (en) * 1977-04-29 1978-09-19 E.G. Sprinkler Corporation Backup roll for thin walled pipe grooving device

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE644191C (en) * 1937-04-26 Rheinisches Press & Ziehwerk K Method for filling in the folding gap on the folding flange of a piercing lid
FR402947A (en) * 1908-09-12 1909-10-20 Eriel D'usines A Gaz Connection sleeve and its manufacturing process
GB104186A (en) * 1914-09-22 1900-01-01 Mannesmann Ag Improvements in or relating to a Machine for the Flanging of Pipes.
US2024803A (en) * 1932-08-19 1935-12-17 Nelson Royden Pipe beading machine
US2085710A (en) * 1935-08-26 1937-06-29 Appleton Electric Co Pipe beading tool
US2147032A (en) * 1936-10-06 1939-02-14 Imp Brass Mfg Co Tool for working tubing
GB515745A (en) * 1938-06-07 1939-12-13 Ernest Haslam Improvements in or relating to tools used in flanging tubes
FR1051547A (en) * 1951-12-29 1954-01-18 Terrot Ets Process and device for the cold manufacture of parts comprising a collar from a tube
US3031904A (en) * 1960-05-31 1962-05-01 Ford Motor Co Tool for shaping tubular material
US4114414A (en) * 1977-04-29 1978-09-19 E.G. Sprinkler Corporation Backup roll for thin walled pipe grooving device

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6027418A (en) * 1983-07-25 1985-02-12 Jiro Yaguchi Production of reinforced metallic cylinder
FR2639562A1 (en) * 1988-11-29 1990-06-01 Carnaud Sa Method of manufacturing a metal package such as, in particular, a paint tin, and corresponding package
FR2639561A1 (en) * 1988-11-29 1990-06-01 Carnaud Sa Method of manufacturing a metal package having a flexible cover, and corresponding metal package
FR2776605A1 (en) * 1998-03-30 1999-10-01 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Windscreen wiper bearing support and method of production
WO2002004783A1 (en) * 2000-07-07 2002-01-17 Zeroth Technology Limited Deformable member
US6896049B2 (en) 2000-07-07 2005-05-24 Zeroth Technology Ltd. Deformable member
AU2001270772B2 (en) * 2000-07-07 2006-01-05 Zeroth Technology Limited Deformable member
EP1626157A1 (en) * 2000-07-07 2006-02-15 Zeroth Technology Limited Deformable seal (div)
US7134506B2 (en) 2000-07-07 2006-11-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Deformable member
EP1798369A3 (en) * 2000-07-07 2007-10-17 Zeroth Technology Limited Deformable seal (DIV II)
US7316271B2 (en) 2000-07-07 2008-01-08 Zeroth Technology Limited Deformable member
WO2011092576A3 (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-12-01 Eaton Corporation Method for making a bag filter housing, such a filter housing and filter assembly
WO2015151016A3 (en) * 2014-04-02 2015-11-26 I.M.M. Hydraulics S.P.A. Bushing for the connection of two tubular elements and method for the production thereof
CN106470775A (en) * 2014-04-02 2017-03-01 I.M.M.水利股份公司 Connect the bushing of two tube elements and the method producing this bushing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8068695A0 (en) 1980-11-06
IT1147785B (en) 1986-11-26
BE886187A (en) 1981-05-14
EP0029380B1 (en) 1986-01-29
FR2469226B1 (en) 1983-09-23
ES8204318A1 (en) 1982-05-01
DE3071398D1 (en) 1986-03-13
JPS6240093B2 (en) 1987-08-26
JPS56128619A (en) 1981-10-08
FR2469226A1 (en) 1981-05-22
ES496813A0 (en) 1982-05-01
ATE17665T1 (en) 1986-02-15

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