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EP0026011B1 - Procédé d'amélioration de combustible solide de qualité inférieure - Google Patents

Procédé d'amélioration de combustible solide de qualité inférieure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026011B1
EP0026011B1 EP80200805A EP80200805A EP0026011B1 EP 0026011 B1 EP0026011 B1 EP 0026011B1 EP 80200805 A EP80200805 A EP 80200805A EP 80200805 A EP80200805 A EP 80200805A EP 0026011 B1 EP0026011 B1 EP 0026011B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
fuel
heating
tar
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80200805A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0026011A1 (fr
Inventor
Leopold Van Raam
Herman Petrus Ruyter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to AT80200805T priority Critical patent/ATE4462T1/de
Publication of EP0026011A1 publication Critical patent/EP0026011A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0026011B1 publication Critical patent/EP0026011B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10F—DRYING OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT
    • C10F5/00—Drying or de-watering peat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the upgrading of low-grade solid fuel with simultaneous formation of tar, by heating at a temperature above 300°C in the presence of water.
  • low-grade solid fuel is meant to denote carbon-containing material of which the carbon originates from photo-synthesis and which can be available in various degrees of coalification (such as biomass, vegetable material, refuse, manure, peat and brown coal); the term low-.grade solid fuel is meant to denote also a material, mentioned above, which has already undergone a pretreatment. For the sake of brevity, such materials will in this specification be denoted by the term "fuel”.
  • this fuel contains much water.
  • the water is partly physically absorbed, partly bound in gel structures and partly chemically bound.
  • the fuel also contains many oxygen-containing groups.
  • the calorific value of the fuel can be considerably increased by removing as much water as possible, by means of a dewatering process, and oxygen-containing groups, by means of a decarboxylation process.
  • This removal can very conveniently be carried out by heating above 300°C in the presence of water.
  • Such a process is described in US-A-3,660,054, according to which the heating is carried out at a temperature of from about 315°C to 375°C.
  • a considerable amount of the water present in the fuel is thus decreased and a high degree of decarboxylation is effected.
  • the sulphur and/or ash content of the fuel are (is) decreased.
  • the result is a fuel with a greatly increased value, with a low water content and a high calorific value.
  • the heating may take place in the presence of liquid and/or vaporous water, but the presence of water is of importance for the decarboxylation.
  • fuel may already contain tar, which can be separated from it by extraction; heating the fuel above 300°C may in certain cases increase the amount of tar separated from the upgraded solid fuel.
  • the solid fuel after heating in the presence of water, may be pressed to briquettes, the tar still being present in the solid fuel.
  • the briquettes thus obtained have a low crushing strength, only little tar being present.
  • the invention provides a process for the upgrading of low-grade solid fuel with simultaneous formation of tar, by heating at a temperature above 300°C in the presence of water, characterized in that before or during the heating above 300°C acid is added to the fuel.
  • tar in addition to a high-grade fuel it has surprisingly been found that a considerable amount of tar can be obtained by means of the process according to the invention.
  • more than 10%w of the low-grade fuel can be converted into tar.
  • At least part of the tar formed is suitably separated from the upgraded fuel and/or is advantageously used for pelletizing or briquetting the upgraded solid fuel. In this manner, briquettes having a high crushing strength are obtained.
  • the calorific value of the former upgraded fuel is still much higher than that of the starting low-grade solid fuel.
  • the tar obtained typically has a highly aliphatic character and a low content of polyaromatic constituents.
  • the nature of the acid added is not very important. It may be an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid. Organic acids such as lignosulphonic acid may also be used; very suitable are formic acid and acetic acid. Aromatic alcohols, for instance phenol, may also be used.
  • the desired effect of the heating is achieved at a temperature above 300°C.
  • a temperature well above 300°C it may be useful to choose a temperature well above 300°C.
  • the heating may be carried out at a temperature lower than 8.6 MPa.
  • the water which is liberated from the fuel will then evaporate.
  • tar formed can be entrained by steam or liquid water and be recovered from it.
  • the tar present in the upgraded fuel after heating may be separated from it by various known methods, for instance by extraction with solvents such as toluene, by supercritical extraction, or by azeotropic distillation with steam.
  • the acid should be added before the heating. It is in this case preferred to subject the fuel to a pretreatment aiming at the removal of the greater part of the water before the heating above 300°C; the acid is then added before or during the pretreatment of the fuel at a temperature between 150 and 300°C and a pressure which is higher than the water vapour pressure at the temperature used, and the pretreated fuel is separated from expelled water before being heated to above 300°C.
  • Such a process has the great advantage that prior to the heating above 300°C a considerable part of the water present in the fuel is removed at a relatively low pressure without evaporating the water, whilst during the heating above 300°C a very high degree of decarboxylation, upgrading and tar formation takes place at a much higher temperature without the necessity of increasing the pressure.
  • the evaporation of the small amount of water still present when heating above 300°C is no real drawback.
  • the autoclave was then opened and water (pH 4.0) and coal were separated by means of a sieve; a hard black coal with a water content of 15% by weight was obtained.
  • Cow manure was suspended in water to which so much glacial acetic acid had been added that the pH was 4.5, and the suspension -was heated in an autoclave to 325°C, after which a coal was sieved off.
  • this upgrading process per 100 parts by weight ash-free and water-free material present in the cow manure, 40 parts by weight ash-free and water-free coal were obtained from which 25 parts by weight tar could be recovered by extraction.
  • This example shows that the process according to the invention increases the tar yield in the upgrading of cow manure.
  • This product was subjected at atmospheric pressure to a further treatment at 340°C, in which heating was effected directly by superheated steam.
  • heating was effected directly by superheated steam.
  • 645 g water-free coal were obtained, containing 25 g ash and 140 g tar.
  • the tar had been entrained by the steam and was recovered from it by condensation.
  • This product was subjected at a pressure of 5 MPa to a further heating to 340°C, in which heating was effected directly by superheated steam (heating rate 8°C/min, followed by cooling immediately after the temperature of 340°C had been reached).
  • heating was effected directly by superheated steam (heating rate 8°C/min, followed by cooling immediately after the temperature of 340°C had been reached).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Un procédé pour améliorer la qualité d'un combustible solide de qualité médiocre avec formation simultanée de goudron, par chauffage à une température de plus de 300°C en présence d'eau, caractérisé en ce qu'avant ou pendant le chauffage au-dessus de 300°C on ajoute un acide au combustible.
2. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on ajoute une quantité d'acide telle que le pH de l'eau présente dans le combustible devienne un pH 6 ou au-dessous.
3. Un procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue le chauffage sous une pression inférieure à 8,6 MPa et en ce qu'on ajoute l'acide avant le chauffage.
4. Un procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on ajoute l'acide avant ou pendant un traitement préalable du combustible à une température comprise entre 150 et 300°C et une pression supérieure à la pression de vapeur d'eau à la température utilisée et en ce que le combustible prétraité est séparé de l'eau chassée avant d'être chauffé au-dessus de 300°C.
5. Un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie du goudron formé est séparée du combustible de qualité améliorée.
6. Un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie du goudron formé est utilisée pour former des boulets ou des briquettes du combustible solide de qualité améliorée.
EP80200805A 1979-09-25 1980-08-27 Procédé d'amélioration de combustible solide de qualité inférieure Expired EP0026011B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80200805T ATE4462T1 (de) 1979-09-25 1980-08-27 Verfahren zur aufbereitung eines festen brennstoffs niedriger qualitaet.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7907116 1979-09-25
NL7907116 1979-09-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0026011A1 EP0026011A1 (fr) 1981-04-01
EP0026011B1 true EP0026011B1 (fr) 1983-08-17

Family

ID=19833905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80200805A Expired EP0026011B1 (fr) 1979-09-25 1980-08-27 Procédé d'amélioration de combustible solide de qualité inférieure

Country Status (20)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0026011B1 (fr)
AR (1) AR223729A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE4462T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU534926B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8006056A (fr)
CA (1) CA1150172A (fr)
CS (1) CS222691B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3064580D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK400980A (fr)
ES (1) ES495250A0 (fr)
FI (1) FI802993A7 (fr)
GR (1) GR70066B (fr)
HU (1) HU186751B (fr)
IE (1) IE50128B1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ195028A (fr)
PL (1) PL125118B1 (fr)
RO (1) RO78331A (fr)
SU (1) SU1056908A3 (fr)
TR (1) TR21076A (fr)
YU (1) YU40885B (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU5088885A (en) * 1985-11-29 1987-06-04 Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education, The The production of hard compact carbonaceous material through water/acid/alkali treatment
JP6219185B2 (ja) * 2014-01-30 2017-10-25 株式会社神戸製鋼所 改質石炭の製造方法及び改質石炭

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE508392C (de) * 1930-09-26 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Verfahren zur Entwaesserung von Torf
GB191305873A (en) * 1913-03-10 1914-06-10 Wetcarbonizing Ltd Improvements in and relating to the Utilisation of Peat.
FR644440A (fr) * 1927-02-08 1928-10-08 Procédé pour le traitement de la tourbe
DE899493C (de) * 1950-08-14 1953-12-14 Josef Schmitz Dipl Chem Verfahren zur Behandlung von Torf
US3660054A (en) * 1970-09-29 1972-05-02 Atlantic Richfield Co Coal upgrading

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE4462T1 (de) 1983-09-15
HU186751B (en) 1985-09-30
ES8106547A1 (es) 1981-06-16
RO78331A (fr) 1982-04-12
DE3064580D1 (en) 1983-09-22
NZ195028A (en) 1982-08-17
SU1056908A3 (ru) 1983-11-23
CS222691B2 (en) 1983-07-29
PL125118B1 (en) 1983-03-31
EP0026011A1 (fr) 1981-04-01
AR223729A1 (es) 1981-09-15
ES495250A0 (es) 1981-06-16
TR21076A (tr) 1983-06-23
IE50128B1 (en) 1986-02-19
IE801976L (en) 1981-03-25
GR70066B (fr) 1982-07-26
AU534926B2 (en) 1984-02-23
BR8006056A (pt) 1981-04-07
FI802993A7 (fi) 1981-01-01
DK400980A (da) 1981-03-26
YU241880A (en) 1983-02-28
AU6262480A (en) 1981-04-09
PL226878A1 (fr) 1981-05-22
CA1150172A (fr) 1983-07-19
YU40885B (en) 1986-08-31

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