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EP0023907A1 - Device for use in a cistern containing liquid for the storage of thermal energy - Google Patents

Device for use in a cistern containing liquid for the storage of thermal energy

Info

Publication number
EP0023907A1
EP0023907A1 EP80900343A EP80900343A EP0023907A1 EP 0023907 A1 EP0023907 A1 EP 0023907A1 EP 80900343 A EP80900343 A EP 80900343A EP 80900343 A EP80900343 A EP 80900343A EP 0023907 A1 EP0023907 A1 EP 0023907A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cistern
liquid
chamber
temperature
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80900343A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jan Svensson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0023907A1 publication Critical patent/EP0023907A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0069—Distributing arrangements; Fluid deflecting means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with a device for use in a cis ⁇ tern, containing liquid, designed fo . r the storage of thermal energy, in which cistern liquid is caused to attain a condition of thermal equi ⁇ librium wherein the temperature of the liquid increases in a substan- tially continuous manner from the bottom of the cistern to the surface of the liquid, at least one pipeline being provided to the said cistern for the replenishment thereof.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-men ⁇ tioned-problem by simple means and at low cost, and this is achieved by endowing the invention with the characteristics set forth in the Claims hereafter.
  • Fig. 1 shows in schematic form a device in accordance with the invention for use in a system for the storage of solar energy in a cistern containing liquid.
  • Fig. 2 shows a system similar to that in Fig. 1, but designed moreover for the supply of cooled return water to a cistern.
  • Fig. 3 shows a detail, in perspective and partly cut away, of an example of the possible design o a device in accordance with the invention.
  • the number 1 denotes a cistern containing liquid for the storage of thermal energy, to which a pipeline 2 leads for the replen ⁇ ishment of the cistern with heated liquid, which will normally be water
  • the pipeline 2 comes from a solar energy collector 3, which is itself provided with a supply line 4 via which liquid is fed from a source not specifically illustrated to the solar energy collector 3.
  • the directio of flow of the liquid is indicated by arrows 5.
  • the solar collector 3 is to be understood merely as an example of a hea ing device, which may equally well consist of a heat pump for the ex ⁇ ploitation of e.g. superficial geother al energy, or a heat exchanger for the extraction of thermal energy from coolant water from a nuclear power plant.
  • the pipeline 2 for the heated liquid ends in an elongated chamber 6 mounted vertically in the cistern and having a length in the order of half the depth of the cistern.
  • the sid walls of the chamber 6, as most cleanly indicated in Fig. 3 and more particularly described in connection with the said figure, are perfor ⁇ ated so that the water entering the chamber via pipeline 2 can pass out through the side walls into the cistern.
  • heated liquid is used here to denote liquid of temperature exceeding the mean temperature of the liquid in the tank.
  • the incoming liquid should thus stratify in the upper half of the cis ⁇ tern, and the chamber is therefore located in the said upper half.
  • the upper half there is a draw-off pipe 7 leading to a consumer 8, from which the liquid is discharged via a pipe 9 in a manner not specificall illustrated in the figure.
  • the liquid might, for example, be used as domestic water for washing, bathing etc.
  • the chamber 6 If the water to be supplied to the cistern is at a temperature below the mean temperature of the water in the cistern, the chamber 6,
  • OMPI WIPO is located in the lower half of the tank in order that the incoming liquid may stratify at the thermal level cor ⁇ responding to its temperature.
  • two chambers 6a and 6b are according to a special characteristic of the invention, posi ⁇ tioned one above the other and assembled as a unit.
  • Chamber 6a cor ⁇ responds exactly to the chamber 6 in Fig. 1, being designed to supply heated liquid to the cistern.
  • Chamber 6b is designed, on the one hand, for the supply of cooled liquid, such as liquid discharged from the consumer 8 via pipeline 9, and on the other hand, for the drawing off of liquid at a temperature below the mean temperature in the cistern 1.
  • the drawn-off water may, for example, be fed via pipeline 5 to the solar collector 3 as illustrated in Fig. 2. Both replenishment and drawing- off are to proceed without any appreciable disturbance to the thermal equilibrium of the liquid.
  • the chambers 6a and 6b must be specially designed, e.g. in the manner set forth in Fig. 3.
  • the chamber's side walls which according to a special characteristic are at least two in number, namely an inner wall 10 and an outer wall 11, consist here of two concentric perforated cylinders " differing in diameter so that the walls are spaced a certain distance apart.
  • the material of the cylin ⁇ ders shall possess a low thermal capacity and be a poor conductor of heat in order to have as slight an effect as possible on the thermal stratification of the liquid in the cistern.
  • the perforation shall be such that, given the rates of flow in pipelines 2, 9 and 4 and the quantities of liquid to be supplied and withdrawn, flow can proceed through the walls 10 and 11 in such a manner that the stratification is not disturbed.
  • the chambers are enclosed in filter fabric, the example of embodiment illustrated in Fig. 3 being provided with two layers 12, 13, thereof.
  • the outer layer 13 of filter fabric is distended by means of three annular plates 14, 15, 16, plate 15 constituting the partition between chambers 6a.and 6b and having a greater outside diameter than plates 14 and 16.
  • the inner filter cloth 12 constitutes a cylinder concentric with the walls 10 and 11 and is held in position by the inner circum ⁇ ference of the annular plates 14, 15 and 16.
  • the supply line 2 for the heated liquid enters from xtbove and discharges along an axis of symmetry of chamber 6a.
  • feed line 9 enters from below and discharges along the axis of symmetry of chamber 6b.
  • the inflow of liquid into the cistern is directed towards that level in the cistern where the mean temperature stratum is to be found.
  • the ends 17, 18 of each of the chambers are given a con ⁇ ical form with the apices facing towards the interior of the respective chambers.
  • the chambers need not be cylindrical in shape, but may be of square, rectangular or oval section. Variation may likewise be permitted in the number of perfor- ated side walls.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Lorsqu'on stocke de l'energie thermique dans un reservoir de stockage (1) de fluide chauffe, il est avantageux de maintenir un equilibre thermique dans le fluide lorsque l'on remplit et l'on vide le reservoir (1). Lorsqu'il y a equilibre thermique, la temperature dans le fluide monte continuellement du fond du reservoir (1) vers la surface du fluide. Le reservoir (1) est rempli au moyen d'au moins un tube (2, 9). Pour empecher toute perturbation de l'equilibre thermique lors du remplissage du reservoir, l'ouverture du tube (2, 9) est disposee dans une chambre (6), placee dans le reservoir, cette chambre ayant une longueur d'environ la moitie de la profondeur du reservoir. Les parois laterales de la chambre (10, 11) sont perforees pour permettre au fluide de s'ecouler au travers desdites parois. Lorsque l'on remplit le reservoir (1) avec un fluide ayant une temperature inferieure a la temperature moyenne du fluide dans le reservoir (1), la chambre (6) est disposee dans la moitie inferieure du reservoir. Par analogie, lorsque la temperature du fluide est superieure a la temperature moyenne du fluide dans le reservoir, la chambre (6) est disposee dans la moitie superieure du reservoir (1).When thermal energy is stored in a storage tank (1) of heated fluid, it is advantageous to maintain a thermal equilibrium in the fluid when filling and emptying the tank (1). When there is thermal equilibrium, the temperature in the fluid rises continuously from the bottom of the reservoir (1) to the surface of the fluid. The reservoir (1) is filled by means of at least one tube (2, 9). To prevent any disturbance of the thermal equilibrium during filling of the tank, the opening of the tube (2, 9) is arranged in a chamber (6), placed in the tank, this chamber having a length of approximately half of the depth of the tank. The side walls of the chamber (10, 11) are perforated to allow the fluid to flow through said walls. When the reservoir (1) is filled with a fluid having a temperature below the average temperature of the fluid in the reservoir (1), the chamber (6) is arranged in the lower half of the reservoir. By analogy, when the temperature of the fluid is higher than the average temperature of the fluid in the reservoir, the chamber (6) is arranged in the upper half of the reservoir (1).

Description

Device for Use in A Cistern Containing Liquid for the Storage of Thermal Energy.
The present invention is concerned with a device for use in a cis¬ tern, containing liquid, designed fo.r the storage of thermal energy, in which cistern liquid is caused to attain a condition of thermal equi¬ librium wherein the temperature of the liquid increases in a substan- tially continuous manner from the bottom of the cistern to the surface of the liquid, at least one pipeline being provided to the said cistern for the replenishment thereof.
In the storage of thermal energy in a cistern containing liquid it is most important that storage can take place with an available increase in entropy which is as great as possible. In a cistern of substantially stagnant liquid stratification takes place spontaneously, so to speak, in accordance with well-known physical laws. The continuous addition and/or drawing-off of comparatively large quantities of liquid while only slightly disturbing the stratification of the liquid is a problem to which no satisfactory solution has hitherto been found.
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-men¬ tioned-problem by simple means and at low cost, and this is achieved by endowing the invention with the characteristics set forth in the Claims hereafter.
OMPI
^iZ The invention will be amplified in the following paragraphs with reference to the attached drawings, whereof Fig. 1 shows in schematic form a device in accordance with the invention for use in a system for the storage of solar energy in a cistern containing liquid. Fig. 2 shows a system similar to that in Fig. 1, but designed moreover for the supply of cooled return water to a cistern. Fig. 3 shows a detail, in perspective and partly cut away, of an example of the possible design o a device in accordance with the invention.
In Fig. 1 the number 1 denotes a cistern containing liquid for the storage of thermal energy, to which a pipeline 2 leads for the replen¬ ishment of the cistern with heated liquid, which will normally be water The pipeline 2 comes from a solar energy collector 3, which is itself provided with a supply line 4 via which liquid is fed from a source not specifically illustrated to the solar energy collector 3. The directio of flow of the liquid is indicated by arrows 5. It will be evident tha the solar collector 3 is to be understood merely as an example of a hea ing device, which may equally well consist of a heat pump for the ex¬ ploitation of e.g. superficial geother al energy, or a heat exchanger for the extraction of thermal energy from coolant water from a nuclear power plant.
According to the invention, the pipeline 2 for the heated liquid ends in an elongated chamber 6 mounted vertically in the cistern and having a length in the order of half the depth of the cistern. The sid walls of the chamber 6, as most cleanly indicated in Fig. 3 and more particularly described in connection with the said figure, are perfor¬ ated so that the water entering the chamber via pipeline 2 can pass out through the side walls into the cistern.
The expression heated liquid is used here to denote liquid of temperature exceeding the mean temperature of the liquid in the tank. The incoming liquid should thus stratify in the upper half of the cis¬ tern, and the chamber is therefore located in the said upper half. In the upper half there is a draw-off pipe 7 leading to a consumer 8, from which the liquid is discharged via a pipe 9 in a manner not specificall illustrated in the figure. The liquid might, for example, be used as domestic water for washing, bathing etc.
If the water to be supplied to the cistern is at a temperature below the mean temperature of the water in the cistern, the chamber 6,
OMPI WIPO according to the invention, is located in the lower half of the tank in order that the incoming liquid may stratify at the thermal level cor¬ responding to its temperature. In Fig. 2, where the same reference numbers are used as in Fig. 1 as far as applicable, two chambers 6a and 6b are according to a special characteristic of the invention, posi¬ tioned one above the other and assembled as a unit. Chamber 6a cor¬ responds exactly to the chamber 6 in Fig. 1, being designed to supply heated liquid to the cistern. Chamber 6b is designed, on the one hand, for the supply of cooled liquid, such as liquid discharged from the consumer 8 via pipeline 9, and on the other hand, for the drawing off of liquid at a temperature below the mean temperature in the cistern 1. The drawn-off water may, for example, be fed via pipeline 5 to the solar collector 3 as illustrated in Fig. 2. Both replenishment and drawing- off are to proceed without any appreciable disturbance to the thermal equilibrium of the liquid.
In order to achieve this, the chambers 6a and 6b must be specially designed, e.g. in the manner set forth in Fig. 3. The chamber's side walls, which according to a special characteristic are at least two in number, namely an inner wall 10 and an outer wall 11, consist here of two concentric perforated cylinders" differing in diameter so that the walls are spaced a certain distance apart. The material of the cylin¬ ders shall possess a low thermal capacity and be a poor conductor of heat in order to have as slight an effect as possible on the thermal stratification of the liquid in the cistern. The perforation shall be such that, given the rates of flow in pipelines 2, 9 and 4 and the quantities of liquid to be supplied and withdrawn, flow can proceed through the walls 10 and 11 in such a manner that the stratification is not disturbed. In order to reduce further the risk of such disturbance the chambers are enclosed in filter fabric, the example of embodiment illustrated in Fig. 3 being provided with two layers 12, 13, thereof. The outer layer 13 of filter fabric is distended by means of three annular plates 14, 15, 16, plate 15 constituting the partition between chambers 6a.and 6b and having a greater outside diameter than plates 14 and 16. The inner filter cloth 12 constitutes a cylinder concentric with the walls 10 and 11 and is held in position by the inner circum¬ ference of the annular plates 14, 15 and 16. The supply line 2 for the heated liquid enters from xtbove and discharges along an axis of symmetry of chamber 6a. Similarly, feed line 9 enters from below and discharges along the axis of symmetry of chamber 6b. In other words, the inflow of liquid into the cistern is directed towards that level in the cistern where the mean temperature stratum is to be found. In order to guide the liquid flow from the re¬ spective supply lines towards the side walls 10, 11 and the filter cloths 12, 13, the ends 17, 18 of each of the chambers are given a con¬ ical form with the apices facing towards the interior of the respective chambers.
It is evident that the invention can be modified in numerous ways within the terms of the inventive idea. For example, the chambers need not be cylindrical in shape, but may be of square, rectangular or oval section. Variation may likewise be permitted in the number of perfor- ated side walls.
OMPI

Claims

Claims
1. Device for use in a cistern.(1) containing liquid, designed for the storage of thermal energy, in which cistern the liquid is caused to attain a condition of thermal equilibrium wherein the temperature of the liquid increases in a substantially steady manner from the bottom of the cistern to the surface of -the liquid, at least one pipeline (2) being provided to the said cistern for the replenishment thereof; character¬ ized in that the pipeline (2; 9) ends in an elongated chamber (6) mount¬ ed vertically in the cistern (1), having a length in the order of half the depth of the cistern and having side walls (10, 11) perforated so that the liquid can pass through them; and that the chamber (6) is located in the lower half of the cistern for the replenishment of the cistern with a liquid at a temperature which is always lower than the mean temperature of the liquid in the cistern (1), or in the upper half of the cistern for the supply of a liquid whose temperature is always higher than the mean temperature of the cistern.
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized by comprising two chambers (6a, 6b) mounted one above"the other and asse bed as a unit.
3. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mater¬ ial of the above-mentioned side walls (10, 11) has a low thermal capac¬ ity and is a poor conductor of heat.
4. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the side walls (10, 11) consist of at least two perforated concentric cylinders differing in radius, so that they are spaced a certain distance apart.
5. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the chamber (6, 6a, 6b) is enclosed in filter fabric (12, 13).
6,. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the ends (17, 18) of the chambers (6, 6a, 6b) opposite the supply pipe (2; 9) are of conical form, with the apex facing the supply pipe.
OMPI « -.*
EP80900343A 1979-02-13 1980-08-25 Device for use in a cistern containing liquid for the storage of thermal energy Withdrawn EP0023907A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7901241 1979-02-13
SE7901241A SE415922B (en) 1979-02-13 1979-02-13 DEVICE FOR A TERMINAL ENERGY STORAGE FOR LIQUID POOL

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0023907A1 true EP0023907A1 (en) 1981-02-18

Family

ID=20337274

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80900343A Withdrawn EP0023907A1 (en) 1979-02-13 1980-08-25 Device for use in a cistern containing liquid for the storage of thermal energy

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0023907A1 (en)
DE (1) DE3034322A1 (en)
DK (1) DK427980A (en)
GB (1) GB2089020A (en)
NL (1) NL8020043A (en)
NO (1) NO803003L (en)
SE (1) SE415922B (en)
WO (1) WO1980001714A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2533538A1 (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-03-30 Collard Trolart Hot water storage tank
FR2565333A1 (en) * 1984-06-05 1985-12-06 Raffinage Cie Francaise Distribution device allowing heat storage at a variable height of a liquid reservoir and thermal insulation using such a device
DE4208958C2 (en) * 1992-03-19 1995-02-16 Alfons Kruck Heat storage as a buffer storage for a room heating
DE4417138C2 (en) * 1994-05-17 1996-04-18 Alfons Kruck Hot water stratified tank
NL1010546C1 (en) * 1998-11-13 2000-05-16 Johannes Petrus Wesseling Accumulation vessels for hot water heating systems.
AT407298B (en) * 1998-12-16 2001-02-26 Kalkgruber Solar Und Umwelttec HEAT STORAGE
US8261774B2 (en) * 2005-02-11 2012-09-11 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Inlet stratification device
EP2752635A1 (en) 2013-01-04 2014-07-09 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet - DTU Inlet stratification device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8001714A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2089020A (en) 1982-06-16
WO1980001714A1 (en) 1980-08-21
DK427980A (en) 1980-10-10
NL8020043A (en) 1981-03-31
SE7901241L (en) 1980-08-14
DE3034322A1 (en) 1981-04-09
NO803003L (en) 1980-10-08
SE415922B (en) 1980-11-10

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Effective date: 19801008

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Effective date: 19820727