EP0020373B1 - Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un moule a coquille en ceramique - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un moule a coquille en ceramique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0020373B1 EP0020373B1 EP19790900983 EP79900983A EP0020373B1 EP 0020373 B1 EP0020373 B1 EP 0020373B1 EP 19790900983 EP19790900983 EP 19790900983 EP 79900983 A EP79900983 A EP 79900983A EP 0020373 B1 EP0020373 B1 EP 0020373B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- barrier coating
- graphite
- hardened
- applying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/165—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents in the manufacture of multilayered shell moulds
Definitions
- This invention relates to the preparation of a ceramic shell mold useful for investment casting purposes, and particularly to a method of making a shell mold that will effectively reduce the amount of surface decarburization of a ferrous article formed in the shell mold.
- Investment casting also referred to as the "lost wax" process, typically involves alternate applications of a ceramic coating composition and a stucco composition to an expendable pattern in order to provide a multi-layered shell mold.
- the pattern is usually made of wax, plastic or similar material which is melted out to leave a correspondingly shaped internal cavity into which molten metal is poured.
- U.S. Patent 3,153,826 discloses a method of making a ceramic shell mold including Step (a) alternately applying a coating composition including a ceramic powder and a binder, and then a stucco composition including granular refractory material to an expendable pattern a preselected number of times, drying the coating between applications, and forming a resultant multi-layered mold, Step (b) heating the multi-layered mold, removing the pattern, and forming a resultant hardened mold, and Step (c) applying a barrier coating.
- the present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems as set forth above.
- a ceramic shell mold is made according to claim 1.
- the sole figure is a diagrammatic and enlarged, fragmentary cross sectional view through a multi-layered shell mold having a barrier coating thereon in accordance with the present invention.
- a preferred method of making a ceramic shell mold 6 comprises the steps of alternately applying a ceramic coating composition 8 and a stucco composition 10 to an expendable or thermally meltable pattern a pre-selected number of times, firing such multi-layered mold to remove the pattern and provide a hardened mold 12 having an internal casting cavity 14, and applying a barrier coating 16 including a ceramic powder, a binder and a preselected amount of graphite as is generally illustrated in the drawing.
- the presence of any significant amount of graphite is preferably avoided in the multi-layered mold, particularly adjacent the casting cavity 14, and is preferably controlled to a range of about 13 to 17 Wt.% graphite of the total amount of the solid portion of the barrier coating 16.
- the aforementioned ceramic coating composition 8 basically includes a ceramic powder and a binder.
- the ceramic powder is selected from the group consisting essentially of fused silica, vitreous silica, crystalline silica, alumina silicate, alumina, magnesium silicate, zircon, zirconium silicate, and clay treated to remove impurities, and can be mixtures thereof.
- the binder is selected from the group consisting essentially of colloidal silica sol, ethyl silicate, aluminum phosphate, and aqueous alkali metal silicate.
- the stucco composition 10 basically includes conventional granular refractory materials such as zircon.
- the multi-layered mold made by alternately applying the ceramic coating composition 8 and the stucco composition 10 a preselected number of times to the pattern is substantially free of graphite.
- this term it is meant that less than 0.5 Wt.% graphite is present in the multi-layered mold before the barrier coating 16 is applied.
- a preferred method of making the ceramic shell mold 6 includes the following steps:
- a ferrous molten metal such as steel is poured into the casting cavity 14 of the ceramic shell mold 6.
- the mold is maintained at a temperature of about 1000°C (1830°F), or slightly below, since the molten metal poured therein is about 1350 to 1700°C (2460 to 3100°F) and this minimizes the temperature differential therebetween.
- drying Step (d) can be achieved under ambient air conditions for a period of about one-half to one hour, or alternatively the drying can be achieved in an oven or furnace at a temperature slightly above ambient temperature to reduce the holding time.
- the temperature cannot be elevated too much because the pattern either can melt or can expand to the point of unduly stressing the relatively weak walls of the partially complete mold.
- Step (f) One of the advantages of this method of investment casting is that it is easier to melt out and remove the pattern from the multi-layered mold because it has a thinner section during intermediate Step (f) than the equivalent strength prior art shell mold has at the time of pattern removal. I have also noted a consistently higher quality of the hardened molds 12 when compared with the thicker prior art molds. Furthermore, Step (g) can be achieved without the need for a reducing atmosphere because the multi-layered mold is substantially free of graphite at that stage.
- zircon can be replaced by an equivalent amount of alumina silicate.
- the barrier coating is preferably about 78 Wt% of dry materials including the aforementioned zircon or alumina silicate, fused silica, and graphite, and the remaining 22 Wt.% is substantially liquid binder including the colloidal silica sol.
- the preferred proportions of the dry materials in the barrier coating 16 are about 75 parts zircon, 25 parts fused silica, and 11 to 25 parts graphite by weight.
- Steps (h), (i), and (j) were achieved by repetitively dipping the hardened mold 12 while hot into an agitated thixotropic solution of the aforementioned ceramic and graphite materials for about four or five seconds and removing the mold to permit substantial gelling of the ceramic materials during periods of about 30 seconds therebetween in ambient air.
- the fact that the mold is hot accelerates the gelling and tends to bridge the ceramic materials over any minor imperfections.
- Such dipping was automatically accomplished by a known mechanical dipping apparatus provided with a suitable timing and counting control system, not shown.
- test data indicates that the prior art ceramic shell mold with substantially no graphite therein exhibited an undesirably high level of decarburization, and the articles prepared in accordance with one aspect of the present invention exhibited a decreasing degree of decarburization as the proportion of graphite in the barrier coating 16 increased up to about 17 Wt.96.
- the broad range of graphite in the barrier coating 16 is about 4 to 20 Wt.%, the preferred range is about 13 to 17 Wt.%, and the most desirable amount is about 15 Wt.%.
- the problems of decarburization and surface blemishes of investment cast articles is more severe when the amount of carbon in the ferrous molten metal is reduced toward 0.1 Wt.96 carbon.
- the method of the present invention is particularly useful for minimizing decarburization of steel articles with less than 1.5 Wt.% carbon.
- Graphite is reactive to oxygen, and the reaction is accelerated as the temperature increases. In a crystalline material such as the shell mold, graphite will travel in the porous interstices thereof during heating.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Un procede de fabrication d'un moule a coquille (6) consiste a appliquer alternativement une composition de revetement ceramique (8) et une composition de stuc (10) sur un modele expansible, le graphite etant sensiblement inexistant, et a appliquer par dessus un revetement formant barriere (16) comprenant une poudre ceramique, un liant, et une quantite predeterminee de graphite. La quantite de graphite se situe de preference dans une plage comprise entre 13 et 17% en poids dans le revetement barriere (16), pour reduire au minimum la decarburation d'un article ferreux forme dans la cavite d'un moule a coquille (6).
Claims (13)
1. Procédé de fabrication d'une coquille de moulage en céramique comportant:
Etape (a) l'application alternée d'une composition de revêtement (8) comportant une poudre céramique et un liant, puis d'une composition de stuc (10) comportant une matière réfractaire granuleuse, sur un modèle non réutilisable, un nombre de fois prédéterminé, le séchage du revêtement entre les applications, et la formation d'un moule à couches multiples résultant,
Etape (b) le chauffage du moule à couches multiples, l'enlèvement du modèle, et la formation d'un moule durci résultant (12), et Etape (c) l'application d'un revêtement protecteur (16), caractérisé en ce que:
le moule à couches multiples de l'Etape (a) contient moins de 0,5% en poids de graphite; et
le moule à couches multiples de l'Etape (a) contient moins de 0,5% en poids de graphite; et
l'Etape (c) comporte l'application du revêtement protecteur (16) sur la surface extérieure du moule à couches multiples (12) tandis que le moule durci (12) se trouve à une température prédéterminée au-dessus de la température ambiante, ledit revêtement protecteur (16) comportant un mélange d'une poudre céramique, d'un liant, et d'une quantité prédéterminée de graphite en particules dans une proportion de 4 à 20% en poids de la partie solide du revêtement protecteur (16).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'Etape (c) comporte l'application du revêtement protecteur (16) sur le moule durci (12) tandis que le moule durci est à une température de 200°C environ.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'Etape (c) comporte le choix du mélange de revêtement protecteur sous la forme d'une solution thixotropique de zircon, de silice fondue, de graphite en particules et d'un sol de silice colloïdale.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'Etape (c) comporte le choix du mélange de revêtement protecteur sous la forme d'une solution thixotropique de silicate d'alumine, de silice fondue, de graphite en particules et de silice colloïdale.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant le maintien de ladite quantité prédéterminée de graphite en particules dans l'intervalle de 13 à 17% en poids de la partie solide du revêtement protecteur (16).
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant le choix de ladite quantité prédéterminée de graphite en particules à 15% en poids de la partie solide du revêtement protecteur (16).
7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant le maintien de ladite quantité prédéterminée de graphite en particules à une granulométrie inférieure à 0,075 mm.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant le maintien de ladite quantité prédéterminée de graphite en particules dans un intervalle de granulométrie AFS de 0,01 mm à 0,05 mm.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'Etape (c) comporte une répétition des opérations de trempage du moule durci (12) dans une solution thixotropique agitée du revêtement protecteur (16), puis de retrait du moule de cette solution.
10. Procédé de moulage à cire perdue d'un objet ferreux dans une coquille de moulage (6) comprenant:
Etape (a): l'application d'une composition de revêtement (8) comportant une poudre céramique et un liant sur un modèle non réutilisable, ladite poudre céramique étant choisie dans le groupe qui se compose essentiellement de la silice fondue, de la silice vitreuse, de la silice cristalline, du silicate d'alumine, de l'alumine, du silicate de magnésium, du zircon, du silicate de zirconium, et de l'argile, et le liant étant choisi dans le groupe qui se compose essentiellement des sols de silice colloïdale, du silicate d'éthyle, du phosphate d'alumium, et des solutions aqueuses de silicates de métaux alcalins;
Etape (b): l'application d'une composition de stuc (10) comportant une matière réfractaire granuleuse;
Etape (c): la répétition alternée des étapes (a) et (b) un nombre de fois prédéterminé, et la formation d'un moule à couches multiples, ledit moule à couches multiples contenant moins de 0,5% en poids de graphite;
Etape (d): le chauffage du moule à couches multiples et la formation d'un moule durci (12) comportant une cavité interne (14);
Etape (e): l'application d'un revêtement protecteur (16) sur la surface extérieure (20) du moule durci (12) à un endroit situé à une certaine distance de la cavité interne (14) et tandis que le moule durci (12) est encore chaud, ledit revêtement protecteur (16) comportant une partie solide et étant formé d'un mélange d'une poudre céramique, d'un liant, et d'une quantité prédéterminée de graphite finement divisé, ladite quantité prédéterminée de graphite étant comprise dans l'intervalle de 4 à 20% en poids de la partie solide du revêtement protecteur (16);
Etape (f): le chauffage du moule durci (12) et du revêtement protecteur (16) et la formation d'une coquille de moulage chaude (6); et
Etape (g): la coulée d'un métal ferreux en fusion dans la cavité interne (14) de la coquille de moulage chaude (6).
11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'étape (e) comporte le maintien de ladite quantité prédéterminée de graphite dans un intervalle de 13 à 17% en poids.
12. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'Etape (e) comporte le trempage, un nombre de fois prédéterminé, du moule durci chaud (12) dans une solution thixotropique pour appliquer le revêtement protecteur (16).
13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel l'Etape (e) comporte le maintien du graphite finement divisé contenu dans la solution thixotropique dans un intervalle de granulométrie AFS de 0,01 mm à 0,05 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19790900983 EP0020373B1 (fr) | 1978-12-04 | 1978-12-04 | Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un moule a coquille en ceramique |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19790900983 EP0020373B1 (fr) | 1978-12-04 | 1978-12-04 | Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un moule a coquille en ceramique |
| PCT/US1978/000187 WO1980001146A1 (fr) | 1978-12-04 | 1978-12-04 | Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'une moule a coquille en ceramique |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0020373A4 EP0020373A4 (fr) | 1980-09-29 |
| EP0020373A1 EP0020373A1 (fr) | 1981-01-07 |
| EP0020373B1 true EP0020373B1 (fr) | 1983-06-08 |
Family
ID=22141288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19790900983 Expired EP0020373B1 (fr) | 1978-12-04 | 1978-12-04 | Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un moule a coquille en ceramique |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0020373B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS55500934A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA1119771A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE2862282D1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1980001146A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5617912A (en) * | 1904-04-14 | 1997-04-08 | Ballewski; Heinrich | Process for preparing and using a ceramic shell as a casting mold with reducing properties |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2213762A (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1989-08-23 | Steel Castings Res | Manufacture of ceramic shell moulds |
| US8735734B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2014-05-27 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Z-directed delay line components for printed circuit boards |
| US8943684B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2015-02-03 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Continuous extrusion process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
| US20130341078A1 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2013-12-26 | Keith Bryan Hardin | Z-directed printed circuit board components having a removable end portion and methods therefor |
| US9009954B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2015-04-21 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board using a sacrificial constraining material |
| US8658245B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2014-02-25 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Spin coat process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
| US8752280B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2014-06-17 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Extrusion process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
| US8790520B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2014-07-29 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Die press process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
| US9078374B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2015-07-07 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Screening process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
| US8822838B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-09-02 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Z-directed printed circuit board components having conductive channels for reducing radiated emissions |
| US8822840B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-09-02 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Z-directed printed circuit board components having conductive channels for controlling transmission line impedance |
| US8912452B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-12-16 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Z-directed printed circuit board components having different dielectric regions |
| US8830692B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-09-09 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Ball grid array systems for surface mounting an integrated circuit using a Z-directed printed circuit board component |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU178952A (fr) * | ||||
| GB672535A (en) * | 1950-02-06 | 1952-05-21 | Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to refractory moulds |
| US3126597A (en) * | 1961-04-07 | 1964-03-31 | Decarburization in casting of steel | |
| US3153826A (en) * | 1962-01-10 | 1964-10-27 | Prec Metalsmiths Inc | Precision casting molds and techniques |
| GB1132361A (en) * | 1966-01-17 | 1968-10-30 | Monsanto Chemicals | Casting metals |
| GB1160090A (en) * | 1967-07-18 | 1969-07-30 | Adam Dunlop | Moulds and Cores for Casting |
| US3656983A (en) * | 1970-10-14 | 1972-04-18 | Us Army | Shell mold composition |
-
1978
- 1978-12-04 DE DE7979900983T patent/DE2862282D1/de not_active Expired
- 1978-12-04 EP EP19790900983 patent/EP0020373B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1978-12-04 JP JP50131178A patent/JPS55500934A/ja active Pending
- 1978-12-04 WO PCT/US1978/000187 patent/WO1980001146A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
1979
- 1979-09-25 CA CA000336269A patent/CA1119771A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5617912A (en) * | 1904-04-14 | 1997-04-08 | Ballewski; Heinrich | Process for preparing and using a ceramic shell as a casting mold with reducing properties |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55500934A (fr) | 1980-11-13 |
| CA1119771A (fr) | 1982-03-16 |
| EP0020373A4 (fr) | 1980-09-29 |
| WO1980001146A1 (fr) | 1980-06-12 |
| DE2862282D1 (en) | 1983-07-14 |
| EP0020373A1 (fr) | 1981-01-07 |
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