EP0009044A1 - Process for obtaining aluminium by electrolysis in a melted bath and electrolytic cell. - Google Patents
Process for obtaining aluminium by electrolysis in a melted bath and electrolytic cell.Info
- Publication number
- EP0009044A1 EP0009044A1 EP79900193A EP79900193A EP0009044A1 EP 0009044 A1 EP0009044 A1 EP 0009044A1 EP 79900193 A EP79900193 A EP 79900193A EP 79900193 A EP79900193 A EP 79900193A EP 0009044 A1 EP0009044 A1 EP 0009044A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- electrolysis
- carbon
- aluminum
- aluminum oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- NOJZFGZMTUAHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Cl] Chemical compound [Li].[Cl] NOJZFGZMTUAHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WDEOTCWPXLWTRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C+4].[O-2].[Al+3] Chemical compound [C+4].[O-2].[Al+3] WDEOTCWPXLWTRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001474791 Proboscis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
Definitions
- the first method is based on the electrolysis of aluminum oxide, which is dissolved in molten cryolite at temperatures of 950-970 ° C. Apart from cryolite, no other salt has been found to date, the dissolving power of which is sufficient for aluminum oxide in order to obtain aluminum below 1000 C by electrolysis. In the technically operated electrolysis cells, the aluminum oxide content fluctuates between approx. 2 and 8 wt%. If the aluminum oxide content in the cryolite melt is too low, e.g. below 1-2%, the so-called anode effect occurs at the anode, - which manifests itself in a multiple increase in cell voltage.
- the anode and cathode are made of carbon. The one from the
- Alumina decomposition Oxygen released converts with the carbon of the anode to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. In the case of prebaked carbon anodes, about 0.43 to 0.50 kg of carbon are consumed per kg of aluminum produced.
- the second method concerns the melt flow electrolysis of aluminum chloride. Since the aluminum chloride sublimes at 183 C and is a poor ion conductor, it is usually dissolved in alkali chloride melts. In order to separate the aluminum liquid, electrolysis temperatures of approx. 700 C are used. Graphite is mainly used as the anode and cathode material. Gaseous chlorine is removed at the graphite anode divorced.
- Aluminum chloride electrolysis has a number of difficulties. First of all, the detection and derivation of the gaseous chlorine developed at the anode at around 700 C means a material technology problem. The vapor pressure of the aluminum chloride dissolved in the salt melt is relatively high, so that when the chlorine gas is drawn off, noticeable amounts of aluminum chloride are also extracted from the
- the process mentioned leads to pure aluminum, but includes an additional process step and is accordingly more complex.
- the object of the present invention is to obtain aluminum by melt flow electrolysis using an electrolyte consisting predominantly of chlorides.
- an electrolyte consisting predominantly of chlorides.
- Electro graphite and titanium diboride have proven themselves as the material for the cathode arranged on the bottom and on the sides of the electrolysis cell. It depends on the construction of the electrolysis cell whether the side walls of the cell are partially lined with a ceramic, electrically non-conductive product such as magnesite or corundum stones, for example when using bipolar electrodes. A preferred range for the anodic current density is 0.2-2
- the surprising moment of the present invention is that the reducing chlorination of the aluminum oxide in the anode and the electrolytic decomposition of the aluminum formed Chloride run off simultaneously in stoichiometric ratios. Despite fairly low-oxide content in the Elektro ⁇ lytschmelze the initially mentioned phenomenon of -Anoden bins was not observed even at an assumed beyond the normal • levied anodic current density.
- the concentration of the aluminum chloride occurring as an intermediate product in the molten salt is at a very low level, so that neither its vapor pressure nor its unfavorable influence on the conductivity of the molten salts can be felt.
- the electrolysis cell according to the invention is supplied on the raw material side only with the compact aluminum oxide-carbon anode as the electrode, and it can be supplied discontinuously in block form or continuously in strand form.
- the A1_0 concentration in the electrolysis bath must be maintained in that aluminum oxide is introduced into the melt bath by breaking the surface crusts at predetermined intervals.
- the operation of the electrolytic cell according to the invention is limited to changing the anodes and sucking out the deposited aluminum. The procedure allows the electrolysis cell to be encapsulated with a simple housing that is difficult to open.
- the aluminum oxide and carbon anode to be used as part of the invention posed some problems, the solution of which was an important task.
- the anode would have to consist of 85% aluminum oxide and 15% carbon if carbon dioxide is formed as the reaction gas in the electrochemical reduction.
- the Ab ⁇ decision of coal monoxide would an anode with 7 U% "Al p O and 26% C require.
- the formation of pure carbon onoxide is not possible due to the Boudouard equilibrium at temperatures around 750 C, but only a C0 p -C0 gas mixture with approx. 80% CO.
- the alumina-carbon ratio can be between the limits 5.66: 1 and 3.4: 1.
- the current yield deviating from 100% and a slight air burn of the anodes increase the carbon consumption. Under practical electrolysis conditions, a gas containing predominantly CO p develops at the anode.
- the weight ratio of Al p O to C can vary in the anode in a width of 5 to 1 to 3 to 1 without this causing serious disturbances in the Make the electrolysis process noticeable.
- the self-adjusting CO p / GO ratio of the anode gas has a regulating effect.
- a usable composition of the anode consisting of 80% by weight of A1 ? 0_ u 20 wt .-% C ,. ie a weight ratio of 4: 1 is aimed for.
- volume fraction of carbon in the Al p 0 -.- C anode is higher, however, because the true density of the carbon is about 2.00 g / cm 3 and that of the aluminum oxide is about 3.8 g / cm3. From this, a volume fraction of carbon of 32.2% is calculated for the stated weight ratio of 4: 1.
- An anode made of aluminum oxide and carbon can be produced, for example, by mixing finely divided aluminum oxide and / or aluminum hydroxide with electrode pitch, shaping it into a body and burning it at about 1000 ° C. in the absence of air at the same rate.
- the g burned aluminum oxide-carbon anode has a specific electrical resistance of approximately 1000 ⁇ . mm / m.
- E carbon anode, as is used for Al p 0_ electrolysis in molten cryolite, has only a resistance of approx. 60- ⁇ 2. mm / m.
- the A1 ? 0 -C anode is therefore not suitable for a long current path in the anode. To the voltage drop in the A1 ?
- Electrographite can therefore be reused as a carrier material for the Al p O ⁇ -C mass.
- Firing in deep chamber ring furnaces a process step with unsatisfactory space-time yield, is part of the production of an electrically conductive, solid molded body made of aluminum oxide and pitch.
- this production cycle can be blocked if a self-baking Söderberg mass is produced from the aluminum oxide and suitable tars or pitches. It is expedient to either embed the conductive auxiliary material made of graphite elements in the Al p 0_ pitch composition or to surround it. If the consumption of the anode in the electrolysis cell continues, the Al p O -Pech mass reaches increasingly hotter temperature zones, is gradually coked and electrically and mechanically connected to the graphite parts.
- the metallic current conductors leading to the anode are connected to the graphite elements for reasons of low contact or contact resistance.
- the metal contact pieces and their brackets are designed so that they can be continuously and automatically moved.
- the gases released in and on the anode are completely captured by encapsulating the electrolytic cell, suctioned off and fed to an exhaust gas cleaning system.
- the unavoidable chlorine and salt losses of the melt flow electrolyte are compensated for by adding a salt mixture of aluminum chloride and the corresponding salt components of the cell electrolyte used, which has been melted elsewhere, as required.
- Figure 1 shows a section through an electrolytic cell with only one composite anode to be replaced.
- the conductor rails 2 made of steel are embedded in the cathode 1 made of electrographite or another carbon material.
- the carbon cathode 1 is surrounded by the heat-insulating masonry 5.
- the steel pan 6 forms the outer frame of the electrolysis vessel.
- the discontinuous composite anode 7/8 consists on the one hand of an Al p 0_ carbon mass 7 and on the other hand of the graphite part 8.
- the metal rod 9 which also serves as a conductor, is screwed into the graphite part 8 and clamped to a conductor rail above the electrolytic cell. In order to avoid corrosion of the metal rod within the cell space, it is surrounded by a protective sleeve 10.
- the electrolysis cell is covered with the sheet metal hood 11. The electrolysis gases are drawn off through the openings 12, to which a pipeline is connected.
- Figure 2 illustrates in longitudinal section a multi-chamber
- the electrolysis unit contains a series of plate-shaped graphite cathodes 21 which are connected in parallel and are suspended in the rectangular electrolysis room by means of the screwed-in power supply bolts 22.
- Arranged between the cathodes are the anodes 23, 24, which, as in FIG. 1, consist of the aluminum oxide-carbon mass 23 and the support plates 24 made of graphite.
- the anodes are also carried by laterally screwed-in power supply bolts 25 and are immersed in the electrolyte 26 with their AlpO_-C mass.
- the aluminum layer 27 spreads across all chambers.
- a lining made of carbon plates 28 is in contact with the aluminum 27 and the electrolyte 26.
- FIG. 3 is a horizontal section at position AB through the electrolysis cell sketched in FIG. 2.
- the power supply bolts of the cathode and anode elements 22 and 25 are in contact half-shells 3, which are connected outside the container 30 to the corresponding positive and negative current bars.
- the code numbers used in FIG. 3 apply to FIG. 3.
- the electrolytic cell according to FIGS. 2 and 3 can, of course, also contain any number of cathode and anode elements as desired, as in the example shown.
- care will be taken to ensure that the A1 ? 0_-C mass 23 is not the same for the individual anodes.
- the Al p 0_-C mass 23 is completely removed due to electrolysis on one of the anodic mother plates 24, a change is made to a new anode element. During the anode change, the other anode elements connected in parallel take over the current flow.
- the aluminum produced is transferred in a known manner from the electrolysis cells
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show an exemplary embodiment for a five-cell electrolysis battery. 4 shows a horizontal section at the height EF of FIG. 5 and FIG. 5 shows a vertical section through the CD of FIG. 4. They denote in detail
- the cathode 41, the anode 44 and the bipolar electrodes 46 are, as shown in ' Figures 4 and 5 it can be seen loosely in the electrolysis chamber into the appropriate locations ge provides.
- the little-wearing cathode 41 can remain in the electrolytic cell for a long time.
- the bipolar electrodes must be replaced when the layer thickness of the Al ⁇ O -C mass is almost used up.
- FIGS. 1 to 5 are to be regarded as examples and basic models which allow a variety of construction variants without changing the principle.
- the materials usually used for the cathode are carbon, electrographite, titanium boride, zirconium boride or mixtures thereof.
- anode in which the mass of aluminum oxide and carbon is not mechanically firmly connected to the anode part made of graphite. It is sufficient if the Al_0_-C mass is included the electrically good conductive material graphite is in electrical contact. A practical implementation of this principle is shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 6 shows a vertical section of an electrolysis cell which differs from the previously described electrolysis cells in FIGS. 1-5 in the structure of the anode and in the supply of the Al 0 -C mass.
- the cathode 61 made of graphite with the metallic current conductor 62 is arranged.
- the anode consists of three green elements. The first part of the anode is one
- Graphite plate 64 with the threaded bolt 65, via which the electrolysis current is supplied.
- the Al 2 0_-C mass In front of the graphite plate 64 is the Al 2 0_-C mass in lump form.
- the Al 0 -C mass is charged as briquettes, pellets, tablets or as other granules and held by a plate 66.
- a plate 66 In this example it is made of graphite and has horizontal slots.
- other materials in particular sintered corundum, zirconium oxide and sintered magnesia, are also suitable for the production of the plate 66.
- the plate 66 embodies a kind of diaphragm and has the task to ensure that on the one hand no particles of the Al O -.- C mass get from the anode space into the electrolyte and on the other hand a sufficiently free passage for the electrolyte melt 67, which the electr trolysis space between cathode and anode is present, therefore the plate 66 must either contain an open pore system or appropriate holes or channels.
- the aluminum is deposited in liquid form on the cathode 61. It drips from it and collects at the bottom of the electrolytic cell to bath 68.
- the anode consisting of the components 63, 64 and 66 and the remaining electrolysis room are enclosed in a corrosion-resistant, electrically non-conductive masonry 69.
- the heat protection of the electrolysis cell is ensured by the fire-proof insulation 70.
- the lumpy Al p O ⁇ -C mass can be charged in batches or fully continuously, adapted to the consumption of the electrolytic cell, using a funnel.
- the three-part anode according to claim 22 can of course be installed in place of the composite anodes 23, 24 in FIGS. 2 and 3 and 43, 44 in FIGS. 4 and 5 of the multi-cell electrolysis units.
- FIG. 7 A process scheme for the production of the lumpy material from Al ⁇ O., and carbon is shown in Figure 7.
- the individual process steps are examples. traditional and replaceable by similar procedural units.
- the chamber shaft furnace can be replaced by a tunnel furnace. If the flow diagram in FIG. 7 is compared with the preparation courses of the raw and auxiliary materials of the two known electrolysis processes mentioned at the outset, the process according to the invention has significant apparatus and energy-saving advantages.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Procede d'obtention d'aluminium par electrolyse en bains fondus; ce procede utilise en tant qu'electrolyte un bain fondu d'halogenures alcalins et/ou alcalino-terreux et en tant qu'anode un melange contenant de l'oxyde d'aluminium et du carbone.Method for obtaining aluminum by electrolysis in molten baths; this process uses as an electrolyte a molten bath of alkali and / or alkaline earth halides and as an anode a mixture containing aluminum oxide and carbon.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2805374 | 1978-02-09 | ||
| DE2805374A DE2805374C2 (en) | 1978-02-09 | 1978-02-09 | Process for the production of aluminum by molten electrolysis |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0009044A1 true EP0009044A1 (en) | 1980-04-02 |
| EP0009044B1 EP0009044B1 (en) | 1983-03-09 |
Family
ID=6031475
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP79100362A Expired EP0003598B1 (en) | 1978-02-09 | 1979-02-08 | Process for the production of aluminium by electrolysis of fused salts |
| EP79900193A Expired EP0009044B1 (en) | 1978-02-09 | 1979-08-13 | Process for obtaining aluminium by electrolysis in a melted bath and electrolytic cell |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP79100362A Expired EP0003598B1 (en) | 1978-02-09 | 1979-02-08 | Process for the production of aluminium by electrolysis of fused salts |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4919771A (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0003598B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55500203A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT375409B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU523266B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1151099A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD142061A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2805374C2 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES477525A1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR64827B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO790412L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1979000606A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4342637A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1982-08-03 | Metallurgical, Inc. | Composite anode for the electrolytic deposition of aluminum |
| NZ193092A (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1983-09-30 | Pora Inc | Electrode for the deposition of aluminium from a molten electrolyte |
| US4409083A (en) * | 1980-02-06 | 1983-10-11 | Metallurgical, Inc. | Cell with composite anode for electrolytic production of magnesium |
| US4354918A (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1982-10-19 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Anode stud coatings for electrolytic cells |
| JPS57120682A (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1982-07-27 | Mitsui Alum Kogyo Kk | Production of aluminum |
| JPS58501079A (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-07-07 | モルテック・アンヴァン・ソシエテ・アノニム | Electrolytic manufacturing of aluminum |
| US4595466A (en) * | 1985-03-07 | 1986-06-17 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Metal electrolysis using a low temperature bath |
| DE4118304A1 (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1992-12-24 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | ELECTROLYSIS CELL FOR ALUMINUM EFFICIENCY |
| US5310476A (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1994-05-10 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of refractory protective coatings, particularly on the surface of electrolytic cell components |
| US6001236A (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1999-12-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of refractory borides to protect carbon-containing components of aluminium production cells |
| US5651874A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1997-07-29 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Method for production of aluminum utilizing protected carbon-containing components |
| US5413689A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1995-05-09 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Carbon containing body or mass useful as cell component |
| EP0611837A4 (en) * | 1992-08-04 | 1994-10-12 | Alexei Alexandrovic Marakushev | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALUMINUM FROM ALIMINUM OXIDE-CONTAINING MATERIAL. |
| US5397450A (en) * | 1993-03-22 | 1995-03-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Carbon-based bodies in particular for use in aluminium production cells |
| US5679224A (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1997-10-21 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Treated carbon or carbon-based cathodic components of aluminum production cells |
| WO1996007773A1 (en) | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cell with improved carbon cathode blocks |
| US5753163A (en) | 1995-08-28 | 1998-05-19 | Moltech. Invent S.A. | Production of bodies of refractory borides |
| RU2157856C2 (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 2000-10-20 | Лицей N 142 г.Красноярска | Anodeless method of aluminum production |
| EP2925912B1 (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2023-04-19 | The Regents of The University of California | Devices, systems and methods for coating surfaces |
| FR3016894B1 (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2017-09-01 | Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd | ELECTROLYSIS TANK HAVING AN ANODIC ASSEMBLY CONTAINED IN A CONFINEMENT ENCLOSURE |
| JP7333223B2 (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2023-08-24 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | Molten salt electrolytic cell, method for forming molten salt solidified layer, method for manufacturing metal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US503929A (en) * | 1893-08-22 | Method of producing aluminum | ||
| GB309605A (en) * | 1928-04-14 | 1930-07-14 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Process and apparatus for the electrolysis of molten substances |
| GB483068A (en) * | 1935-09-27 | 1938-04-07 | Magall Ag | Improvements in or relating to the production of magnesium and other alkali earth metals by electrolysis of fused electrolytes |
| GB511076A (en) * | 1937-03-16 | 1939-08-14 | Verwertung Chemisch Tech Verfa | Improvements in or relating to processes for the manufacture of anodes for use in the production of aluminium, beryllium, magnesium, or alkali earth metals by electrolysis of fused starting materials |
| US3009863A (en) * | 1957-04-24 | 1961-11-21 | Aluminum Co Of America | Methods for thermally processing carbon articles |
| AU427351B1 (en) * | 1966-05-23 | 1972-08-23 | Comalco Aluminium Chell Bay) Limited And Universityof Tasmania | Anodes forthe electrolytic production of aluminium and aluminium alloys |
| US3798140A (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1974-03-19 | Us Interior | Process for producing aluminum and silicon from aluminum silicon alloys |
| CH615463A5 (en) * | 1975-05-30 | 1980-01-31 | Alusuisse | |
| AU506485B2 (en) * | 1976-06-09 | 1980-01-03 | National Research Development Corp. | Packed, bed electrorefining |
| US4115215A (en) * | 1976-09-22 | 1978-09-19 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum purification |
| DE2721038C3 (en) * | 1977-05-10 | 1980-03-13 | Nippon Light Metal Co. Ltd., Tokio | Process for the electrolytic production of aluminum |
-
1978
- 1978-02-09 DE DE2805374A patent/DE2805374C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-01-17 GR GR58118A patent/GR64827B/en unknown
- 1979-01-19 AT AT0039079A patent/AT375409B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-01-24 JP JP50041079A patent/JPS55500203A/ja active Pending
- 1979-01-24 WO PCT/DE1979/000007 patent/WO1979000606A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-01-24 US US06/143,139 patent/US4919771A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-02-07 ES ES477525A patent/ES477525A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-07 ES ES477521A patent/ES477521A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-07 DD DD79210877A patent/DD142061A5/en unknown
- 1979-02-08 EP EP79100362A patent/EP0003598B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-08 AU AU44087/79A patent/AU523266B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-02-08 NO NO790412A patent/NO790412L/en unknown
- 1979-02-09 CA CA000321165A patent/CA1151099A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-13 EP EP79900193A patent/EP0009044B1/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO7900606A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1979000606A1 (en) | 1979-08-23 |
| EP0003598B1 (en) | 1984-06-06 |
| EP0009044B1 (en) | 1983-03-09 |
| ES477525A1 (en) | 1979-07-16 |
| JPS55500203A (en) | 1980-04-10 |
| DE2805374C2 (en) | 1982-07-15 |
| DD142061A5 (en) | 1980-06-04 |
| DE2805374A1 (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| ATA39079A (en) | 1983-12-15 |
| AU4408779A (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| GR64827B (en) | 1980-06-03 |
| EP0003598A1 (en) | 1979-08-22 |
| NO790412L (en) | 1979-08-10 |
| US4919771A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
| CA1151099A (en) | 1983-08-02 |
| ES477521A1 (en) | 1979-06-16 |
| AU523266B2 (en) | 1982-07-22 |
| AT375409B (en) | 1984-08-10 |
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