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EP0004235A1 - Apparatus with open firing - Google Patents

Apparatus with open firing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0004235A1
EP0004235A1 EP79400138A EP79400138A EP0004235A1 EP 0004235 A1 EP0004235 A1 EP 0004235A1 EP 79400138 A EP79400138 A EP 79400138A EP 79400138 A EP79400138 A EP 79400138A EP 0004235 A1 EP0004235 A1 EP 0004235A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
heat exchanger
gas
air supply
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79400138A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilbert Richard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cheminees Richard Le Droff SA
Original Assignee
Cheminees Richard Le Droff SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cheminees Richard Le Droff SA filed Critical Cheminees Richard Le Droff SA
Publication of EP0004235A1 publication Critical patent/EP0004235A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/188—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas  
    • F24B1/1885—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas   the heat exchange medium being air only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a living combustion appliance for a living room., In particular for an apartment chimney, appliance of the type comprising a fireplace open to the atmosphere, a gas circuit intended to connect a drain overhanging the fireplace to a gas outlet pipe, a heat exchanger mounted on the gas circuit and combustion gas purification devices arranged in series with the heat exchanger in the gas circuit.
  • a heating fluid air or water
  • this gas stream is discharged outside to through an exhaust duct.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a living combustion appliance, in particular for a living space, which allows the recovery of practically all of the calories produced by combustion, and which can be very easily mounted as a chimney. apartment, even in the absence of a vertical exhaust duct.
  • an indi type device that at the top of this description, an apparatus in which, in accordance with the invention, the outlet duct is intended to be connected to an outlet opening to the outside made through a wall of a living space in which the device can be mounted and the purification devices include at least one electrostatic filter.
  • the device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to combine, with the comfort provided by an apartment chimney, the efficiency resulting from the almost total recovery of the calories produced by combustion, the ease of assembly resulting from the possibility to evacuate the purified and cooled gases through a wall of the room in which the chimney is mounted, and the safety linked to the evacuation outside of the purified combustion gases.
  • the electrostatic filter or filters are mounted downstream of the heat exchanger in the direction of circulation of the gases, the precipitation of the solid particles taking place under better conditions with the cooled gases.
  • the heat exchanger comprises means for heating air taken from outside and circulating in an air supply circuit which is capable of being connected to an outside air inlet opening made through a wall of a living room in which the device can be mounted.
  • the device comprises a device for detecting the circulation of outside air in the air supply duct to be heated and an alarm device connected to this detection device. to emit an alarm signal when the circulation of air in this supply duct ceases.
  • the CO and C0 2 level in the room is therefore very simply controlled since the alarm is triggered as soon as the supply of fresh air to the room ceases.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an apartment chimney 1 with an open hearth open to the atmosphere with its hearth plate 2, and the outlet 3 surmounting the hearth.
  • combustion gas a mixture hereinafter referred to as combustion gas
  • the mixture of combustion products and primary air is directed by a bent pipe 4 from the inlet 3 at the inlet of a vertical pipe 5.
  • the combustion gases circulate from top to bottom in the duct 5 under the action of an extraction member 6, for example a fan placed at the bottom of the duct 5.
  • the conduit 5 contains, in the direction of circulation tion of the combustion gases, a first slag filter 7, a heat exchanger 8, a second slag filter 9, a battery of electrostatic filters, comprising for example two filters 10, an additional filter 29, and the fan 6.
  • the filter 7 is constituted, for example, by a wire mesh housed in a frame and intended to retain the largest solid particles.
  • the heat exchanger 8 (FIGS. 1 and 3) consists of parallel tubes 11 with cross section in the shape of a cross, welded to each other so as to delimit between them vertical passages 12 for the combustion gases.
  • a heat transfer fluid for example water, circulates from bottom to top in the tubes 11, ie against the current with respect to the combustion gases.
  • the water circulated by a pump 13 passes through a radiator 14, for example of the type used in cooling circuits of motor vehicles.
  • the exchanger 8 and the radiator 14 constitute, with the pipes 15, 16 connecting them, a closed water circuit to which an expansion tank 17 is connected.
  • the filter 9 is a slag filter intended to retain fine solid particles and constituted, for example, by a stack of cloth woven from glass fibers.
  • the electrostatic filters 10 are constituted, in a manner known per se, by vertical plates 18, ( Figures 1 and 4) extending parallel to each other and spaced from each other. Ionization wires 19 are placed horizontally, parallel to the plates 18, on the side of the entry into each filter 10. The plates 18 are brought alternately to positive and negative potentials. Preferably, the outer plates 18, those which, located at the ends of the filters 10, are the most accessible, are brought to negative potential.
  • the particles remaining in suspension in the combustion gases at the outlet of the filter 9 are ionized during their passage in the vicinity of the wires 19 and come to stick to the plates 18.
  • the electrostatic filters 10 make it possible to remove particles of the order of magnitude u, in particular particles of tar.
  • the efficiency of the electrostatic filtering is better, for the same size and the same consumption, by using several filters, arranged in series one behind the other, instead of one.
  • two electrostatic filters are provided. Their number could, of course, be higher.
  • An additional filter 29 with porous physico-chemical constituents and conductors of electricity is, if necessary, mounted between the filters 10 and the fan 6 to fix the odors.
  • the porous conductive products allow only particles of size less than about one ⁇ to pass.
  • the fixing of the particles by the filter 29 is facilitated by bringing this filter to a high voltage, for example by connecting the filter 29 to the high voltage source used for the filters 10.
  • the filter 29 is for example constituted, in order , with activated carbon, a dehydrator and a catalyst such as a metal oxide.
  • the filters 7, 9, 10 and 29 are mounted in drawers accessible from the front of the unit so that it can be easily removed when cleaning or replacement is necessary.
  • the gases from the electrostatic filters 10 are directed by the fan 6 into an outlet conduit 20.
  • the gases are then sufficiently purified to be able to be discharged to the outside directly through an opening 21 (FIG. 2) made in a wall 22 of the living room, for example an apartment, where the device is mounted, without the need for an exhaust duct extending to the top of the building.
  • the device is advantageously leaned against the wall 22, the duct 20 opening into a connection chamber 23 which extends under the hearth plate 2 and into which also the outlet opening 21 and an outside air inlet opening 24.
  • the openings 21 and 24 open into two parts of the chamber 23 isolated from each other by a partition 25 so that the opening 21 communicates with the outlet conduit 20 and that the opening 24 communicates with a conduit 26 outside air supply.
  • connection chamber in the form of a tube or cylinder at the ends of which open the conduits 20 and 26 and into which the partition 25 can slide.
  • the location of the openings 21 and 24 can thus be chosen according to the circumstances imposed by the location of the installation of the chimney, the complete separation between the gas outlet and air inlet circuits then being carried out by adjusting the position of the movable partition 25 during assembly.
  • the outside air circulates from bottom to top in the vertical supply duct 26 under the action of a fan 27.
  • the duct 26 opens on one side of the radiator 14. The air heated by this dernier_s' effete through openings (not shown ') in the room where the fireplace is installed, and, if appropriate, in a next room.
  • the continuous supply of fresh air in the room where the chimney is installed guarantees that the CO and C0 2 levels will remain largely below critical thresholds.
  • the control of these rates is carried out indirectly, but in a perfectly safe manner, by detecting the circulation of the outside air in the duct 26.
  • a flap 28 which is mounted in the vertical duct 26, for example downstream of the fan 27 in the direction of the circulating air a tion.
  • the flap 28 pivots freely around a horizontal axis and is therefore kept open as long as the air circulates. As soon as the circulation of outside air stops, the flap 28 falls under the effect of gravity.
  • a contact device for example a switch or a contactor (not shown) is actuated as soon as the shutter 28 is closed and controls the emission, by an electric alarm circuit (not shown), of an alarm signal. audible and visual.
  • the alarm circuit is advantageously supplied from an autonomous battery so as to be able to operate in the event of a power cut causing the fans 6 and 27 to stop.
  • the detection and alarm system described above constitutes a particularly simple and reliable security device, and therefore preferable to costly CO and CO 2 detection devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus comprises a hearth open to the atmosphere, and a gas circuit (4, 5) connecting the hood (3) to an exhaust duct (20) connected to an exhaust opening to the outside through a wall of domestic premises in which the apparatus is mounted. A heat exchanger (8) is mounted in series in the gas circuit with filters (7, 9, 10, 29), at least one of which is an electrostatic filter (10). The apparatus can be used as an apartment fireplace without necessitating a vertical outlet duct to the top of the building. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil à combustion vive pour un local d'habitation., notamment pour une cheminée d'appartement, appareil du type comportant un foyer ouvert à l'atmosphère, un circuit de gaz destiné à relier un avaloir surplombant le foyer à un conduit de sortie des gaz, un échangeur de chaleur monté sur le circuit de gaz et des dispositifs d'épuration des gaz de combustion disposés en série avec l'échangeur de chaleur dans le circuit de gaz.The present invention relates to a living combustion appliance for a living room., In particular for an apartment chimney, appliance of the type comprising a fireplace open to the atmosphere, a gas circuit intended to connect a drain overhanging the fireplace to a gas outlet pipe, a heat exchanger mounted on the gas circuit and combustion gas purification devices arranged in series with the heat exchanger in the gas circuit.

Dans les cheminées traditionnelles équipées d'un échangeur de chaleur, un fluide de chauffage (de l'air ou de l'eau) est réchauffé par le courant gazeux absorbé par l'avaloir avant que ce courant gazeux soit rejeté à l'extérieur à travers un conduit d'évacuation.In traditional chimneys equipped with a heat exchanger, a heating fluid (air or water) is heated by the gas stream absorbed by the hood before this gas stream is discharged outside to through an exhaust duct.

Il s'avère que seulement une partie relativement faible de la chaleur engendrée par la combustion est récupérée, la majeure partie des calories produites étant rejetée à l'extérieur.It turns out that only a relatively small part of the heat generated by combustion is recovered, the major part of the calories produced being released to the outside.

Il s'avère, par ailleurs, que la nécessité de disposer d'un conduit d'évacuation traditionnel, s'étendant jusqu'au sommet de l'habitation et nécessitant un entretien périodique, rebute certains utilisateurs potentiels et interdit le montage d'appareils à combustion vive dans des immeubles collectifs à appartements et étages multiples lorsque le conduit n'a pas été prévu à la construction.It also turns out that the need for a traditional exhaust duct, extending to the top of the house and requiring periodic maintenance, discourages certain potential users and prohibits the mounting of devices with high combustion in multi-storey apartment buildings where the duct was not intended for construction.

La présente invention a alors pour but de fournir un appareil à combustion vive, notamment pour un local d'habitation, qui permette la récupération de pratiquement l'ensemble des calories produites par la combustion, et qui puisse être monté très facilement comme cheminée d'appartement, même en l'absence de conduit d'évacuation vertical.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a living combustion appliance, in particular for a living space, which allows the recovery of practically all of the calories produced by combustion, and which can be very easily mounted as a chimney. apartment, even in the absence of a vertical exhaust duct.

Ce but est atteint par un appareil du type indique en tête de la présente description, appareil dans lequel, conformément à l'invention, le conduit de sortie est destiné à être raccordé à une ouverture de sortie vers l'extérieur pratiquée à travers un mur d'un local d'habitation dans lequel l'appareil peut être monté et les dispositifs d'épuration comportent au moins un filtre électrostatique.This goal is achieved by an indi type device that at the top of this description, an apparatus in which, in accordance with the invention, the outlet duct is intended to be connected to an outlet opening to the outside made through a wall of a living space in which the device can be mounted and the purification devices include at least one electrostatic filter.

L'appareil conforme à l'invention permet donc d'allier, à l'agrément que procure une cheminée d'appartement, l'efficacité résultant de la récupération quasi totale des calories produites par la combustion, la facilité de montage résultant de la possibilité d'évacuer les gaz épurés et refroidis à travers un mur du local dans lequel la cheminée est montée, et la sécurité liée à l'évacuation à l'extérieur des gaz de combustion épurés.The device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to combine, with the comfort provided by an apartment chimney, the efficiency resulting from the almost total recovery of the calories produced by combustion, the ease of assembly resulting from the possibility to evacuate the purified and cooled gases through a wall of the room in which the chimney is mounted, and the safety linked to the evacuation outside of the purified combustion gases.

De préférence, le ou les filtres électrostatiques sont montés en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur dans le sens de circulation des gaz, la précipitation des particules solides se faisant dans de meilleures conditions avec les gaz refroidis.Preferably, the electrostatic filter or filters are mounted downstream of the heat exchanger in the direction of circulation of the gases, the precipitation of the solid particles taking place under better conditions with the cooled gases.

De préférence encore, on utilise plusieurs filtres électrostatiques montés en série dans le conduit de gaz.More preferably, several electrostatic filters mounted in series in the gas pipe are used.

Selon une autre particularité de l'appareil conforme à l'invention, l'échangeur de chaleur comporte des moyens pour réchauffer de l'air prélevé à l'extérieur et circulant dans un circuit d'amenée d'air qui est susceptible d'être raccordé à une ouverture d'entrée d'air extérieur pratiquée à travers un mur d'un local d'habitation dans lequel peut être monté l'appareil.According to another particular feature of the device according to the invention, the heat exchanger comprises means for heating air taken from outside and circulating in an air supply circuit which is capable of being connected to an outside air inlet opening made through a wall of a living room in which the device can be mounted.

Avantageusement alors, l'appareil comporte un dispositif de détection de circulation d'air extérieur dans le conduit d'amenée d'air à réchauffer et un dispositif d'alarme relié à ce dispositif de détection pour émettre un signal d'alarme lorsque cesse la circulation d'air dans ce conduit d'amenée. Le taux de CO et C02 dans le local est ainsi très simplement contrôlé puisque l'alarme est déclenchée dès que cesse l'apport d'air frais dans le local.Advantageously then, the device comprises a device for detecting the circulation of outside air in the air supply duct to be heated and an alarm device connected to this detection device. to emit an alarm signal when the circulation of air in this supply duct ceases. The CO and C0 2 level in the room is therefore very simply controlled since the alarm is triggered as soon as the supply of fresh air to the room ceases.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'appareil conforme à l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins joints qui illustrent :

  • - figure 1 : une vue schématique en élévation et en coupe d'un appareil conforme à l'invention ;
  • - figure 2 : une vue partielle en coupe suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1 ;
  • - figure 3 : une vue schématique partielle de l'échangeur de chaleur de l'appareil illustré par la figure 1, vue en coupe transversale suivant un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d'écoulement des gaz dans cet échangeur ; et
  • - figure 4 :une vue schématique partielle d'un filtre électrostatique de l'appareil illustré par la figure 1, vue en coupe suivant un plan parallèle à la direction d'écoulement des gaz dans ce filtre.
Other features and advantages of the device according to the invention will emerge on reading the description given below, by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate:
  • - Figure 1: a schematic elevational view in section of an apparatus according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2: a partial sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1;
  • - Figure 3: a partial schematic view of the heat exchanger of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1, cross-sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow of gases in this exchanger; and
  • - Figure 4: a partial schematic view of an electrostatic filter of the device illustrated in Figure 1, sectional view along a plane parallel to the direction of flow of gases in this filter.

La figure 1 illustre schématiquement une cheminée d'appartement 1 à foyer ouvert à l'atmosphère avec sa plaque foyère 2, et l'avaloir 3 surmontant le foyer.FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an apartment chimney 1 with an open hearth open to the atmosphere with its hearth plate 2, and the outlet 3 surmounting the hearth.

Le mélange produits de combustion-air primaire, mélange ci-après dénommé gaz de combustion, est dirigé par un conduit coudé 4 depuis l'avaloir 3 à l'entrée d'un conduit vertical 5. Les gaz de combustion circulent de haut en bas dans le conduit 5 sous l'action d'un organe d'extraction 6, par exemple un ventilateur placé en bas du conduit 5.The mixture of combustion products and primary air, a mixture hereinafter referred to as combustion gas, is directed by a bent pipe 4 from the inlet 3 at the inlet of a vertical pipe 5. The combustion gases circulate from top to bottom in the duct 5 under the action of an extraction member 6, for example a fan placed at the bottom of the duct 5.

Le conduit 5 renferme, dans le sens de circulation des gaz de combustion, un premier filtre à scories 7, un échangeur de chaleur 8, un second-filtre à scories 9, une batterie de filtres électrostatiques, comportant par exemple deux filtres 10, un filtre complémentaire 29, et le ventilateur 6.The conduit 5 contains, in the direction of circulation tion of the combustion gases, a first slag filter 7, a heat exchanger 8, a second slag filter 9, a battery of electrostatic filters, comprising for example two filters 10, an additional filter 29, and the fan 6.

Le filtre 7 est constitué, par exemple, par un treillis métallique logé dans un cadre et destiné à retenir les particules solides les plus grosses.The filter 7 is constituted, for example, by a wire mesh housed in a frame and intended to retain the largest solid particles.

L'échangeur de chaleur 8 (figures 1 et 3) est constitué par des tubes parallèles 11 à section transversale en forme de croix, soudés les uns aux autres de manière à délimiter entre eux des passages verticaux 12 pour les gaz de combustion. Un fluide caloporteur, par exemple de l'eau, circule de bas en haut dans les tubes 11, soit à contre-courant par rapport aux gaz de combustion. L'eau mise en circulation par une pompe 13 traverse un radiateur 14, par exemple du type de ceux utilisés dans des circuits de refroidissement de véhicules automobiles.L'échangeur 8 et le radiateur 14 constituent, avec les canalisations 15,16 les reliant, un circuit d'eau fermé sur lequel est branché un vase d'expansion 17.The heat exchanger 8 (FIGS. 1 and 3) consists of parallel tubes 11 with cross section in the shape of a cross, welded to each other so as to delimit between them vertical passages 12 for the combustion gases. A heat transfer fluid, for example water, circulates from bottom to top in the tubes 11, ie against the current with respect to the combustion gases. The water circulated by a pump 13 passes through a radiator 14, for example of the type used in cooling circuits of motor vehicles. The exchanger 8 and the radiator 14 constitute, with the pipes 15, 16 connecting them, a closed water circuit to which an expansion tank 17 is connected.

Le filtre 9 est un filtre à scories destiné à retenir les fines particules solides et constitué, par exemple, par un empilage de toile tissée à partir de fibres de verre.The filter 9 is a slag filter intended to retain fine solid particles and constituted, for example, by a stack of cloth woven from glass fibers.

Les filtres électrostatiques 10 sont constitués, de manière connue en soi, par des plaques verticales 18, (figures 1 et 4) s'étendant parallèlement les unes aux autres et espacées les unes des autres. Des fils d'ionisation 19 sont placés horizontalement, parallèlement aux plaques 18, du côté de l'entrée dans chaque filtre 10. Les plaques 18 sont portées alternativement à des potentiels positif et négatif. De préférence, les plaques 18 extérieures, celles qui, situées aux extrémités des filtres 10, sont les plus accessibles, sont portées au potentiel négatif.The electrostatic filters 10 are constituted, in a manner known per se, by vertical plates 18, (Figures 1 and 4) extending parallel to each other and spaced from each other. Ionization wires 19 are placed horizontally, parallel to the plates 18, on the side of the entry into each filter 10. The plates 18 are brought alternately to positive and negative potentials. Preferably, the outer plates 18, those which, located at the ends of the filters 10, are the most accessible, are brought to negative potential.

Les particules restant en suspension dans les gaz de combustion en sortie du filtre 9 sont ionisées lors de leur passage au voisinage des fils 19 et viennent se coller aux plaques 18. Les filtres électrostatiques 10 permettent d'éliminer des particules de l'ordre de grandeur du u, notamment des particules de goudrons.The particles remaining in suspension in the combustion gases at the outlet of the filter 9 are ionized during their passage in the vicinity of the wires 19 and come to stick to the plates 18. The electrostatic filters 10 make it possible to remove particles of the order of magnitude u, in particular particles of tar.

Une meilleure élimination des particules véhiculées par les gaz de combustion est obtenue en plaçant les filtres électrostatiques en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur, les particules se déposant plus facilement lorsqu'elles sont froides.Better elimination of the particles conveyed by the combustion gases is obtained by placing the electrostatic filters downstream of the heat exchanger, the particles being deposited more easily when they are cold.

Par ailleurs, le rendement du filtrage électrostatique est meilleur, pour un même encombrement et une même consommation, en utilisant plusieurs filtres, disposés en série les uns derrière les autres, au lieu d'un. Dans l'exemple illustré, deux filtres électrostatiques sont prévus. Leur nombre pourrait, bien entendu, être supérieur. Un filtre complémentaire 29 à constituants physico-chimiques poreux et conducteurs de l'électricité est, le cas échéant, monté entre les filtres 10 et le ventilateur 6 pour fixer les odeurs. Les produits poreux conducteurs ne laissent passer que les particules de grandeur inférieure à environ un Â. La fixation des particules par le filtre 29 est facilitée en portant ce filtre à une haute tension, par exemple en reliant le filtre 29 à la source de haute tension utilisée pour les filtres 10. Le filtre 29 est par exemple constitué, dans l'ordre, par du charbon actif, un deshydra- tant et un catalyseur tel qu'un oxyde métallique.Furthermore, the efficiency of the electrostatic filtering is better, for the same size and the same consumption, by using several filters, arranged in series one behind the other, instead of one. In the example illustrated, two electrostatic filters are provided. Their number could, of course, be higher. An additional filter 29 with porous physico-chemical constituents and conductors of electricity is, if necessary, mounted between the filters 10 and the fan 6 to fix the odors. The porous conductive products allow only particles of size less than about one  to pass. The fixing of the particles by the filter 29 is facilitated by bringing this filter to a high voltage, for example by connecting the filter 29 to the high voltage source used for the filters 10. The filter 29 is for example constituted, in order , with activated carbon, a dehydrator and a catalyst such as a metal oxide.

Avantageusement, les filtres 7,9, 10 et 29 sont montés dans des tiroirs accessibles depuis l'avant de l'appareil de manière à pouvoir être aisément retirés lorsqu'il est nécessaire de procédér à leur nettoyage ou à leur remplacement.Advantageously, the filters 7, 9, 10 and 29 are mounted in drawers accessible from the front of the unit so that it can be easily removed when cleaning or replacement is necessary.

Les gaz issus des filtres électrostatiques 10 sont dirigés par le ventilateur 6 dans un conduit de sortie 20. Les gaz sont alors suffisamment épurés pour pouvoir être rejetés à l'extérieur directement à travers une ouverture 21 (figure 2) pratiquée dans un mur 22 du local d'habitation, par exemple une pièce d'appartement, où est monté l'appareil, sans nécessiter de conduit d'évacuation s'étendant jusqu'au sommet du bâtiment.The gases from the electrostatic filters 10 are directed by the fan 6 into an outlet conduit 20. The gases are then sufficiently purified to be able to be discharged to the outside directly through an opening 21 (FIG. 2) made in a wall 22 of the living room, for example an apartment, where the device is mounted, without the need for an exhaust duct extending to the top of the building.

L'appareil est avantageusement adossé au mur 22, le conduit 20 débouchant dans une chambre de raccordement 23 qui s'étend sous la plaque foyère 2 et dans laquelle débouchent également l'ouverture de sortie 21 et une ouverture d'entrée d'air extérieur 24.The device is advantageously leaned against the wall 22, the duct 20 opening into a connection chamber 23 which extends under the hearth plate 2 and into which also the outlet opening 21 and an outside air inlet opening 24.

Les ouvertures 21 et 24 débouchent dans deux parties de la chambre 23 isolées l'une de l'autre par une cloison 25 de manière que l'ouverture 21 communique avec le conduit de sortie 20 et que l'ouverture 24 communique avec un conduit 26 d'amenée d'air extérieur.The openings 21 and 24 open into two parts of the chamber 23 isolated from each other by a partition 25 so that the opening 21 communicates with the outlet conduit 20 and that the opening 24 communicates with a conduit 26 outside air supply.

Il est avantageux de constituer la chambre de raccordement sous forme d'un tube ou cylindre aux extrémités duquel débouchent les conduits 20 et 26 et dans lequel peut coulisser la cloison 25. L'emplacement des ouvertures 21 et 24 peut ainsi être choisi suivant les circonstances imposées par l'emplacement du montage de la cheminée, la séparation complète entre les circuits de sortie de gaz et d'entrée d'air étant ensuite réalisée en ajustant la position de la cloison mobile 25 lors du montage.It is advantageous to constitute the connection chamber in the form of a tube or cylinder at the ends of which open the conduits 20 and 26 and into which the partition 25 can slide. The location of the openings 21 and 24 can thus be chosen according to the circumstances imposed by the location of the installation of the chimney, the complete separation between the gas outlet and air inlet circuits then being carried out by adjusting the position of the movable partition 25 during assembly.

L'air extérieur circule de bas en haut dans le conduit d'amenée vertical 26 sous l'action d'un ventilateur 27. Le conduit 26 débouche d'un côté du radiateur 14. L'air chauffé par ce dernier_s'échappe à travers des ouvertures (non représentées') dans le local où la cheminée est installée, et, le cas échéant, dans une pièce voisine.The outside air circulates from bottom to top in the vertical supply duct 26 under the action of a fan 27. The duct 26 opens on one side of the radiator 14. The air heated by this dernier_s'échappe through openings (not shown ') in the room where the fireplace is installed, and, if appropriate, in a next room.

L'apport continuel d'air frais dans le local où la cheminée est installée garantit que les taux de CO et C02 resteront très largement en-deçà de seuils critiques. Selon une particulatité avantageuse de l'appareil conforme à l'invention, le contrôle de ces taux est effectué indirectement, mais de façon parfaitement sûre, en détectant la circulation de l'air extérieur dans le conduit 26.The continuous supply of fresh air in the room where the chimney is installed guarantees that the CO and C0 2 levels will remain largely below critical thresholds. According to an advantageous feature of the apparatus according to the invention, the control of these rates is carried out indirectly, but in a perfectly safe manner, by detecting the circulation of the outside air in the duct 26.

Ceci est effectué au moyen d'un volet 28 qui est monté dans le conduit vertical 26, par exemple en aval du ventilateur 27 dans le sens de circu- lation de l'air. Le volet 28 pivote librement autour d'un axe horizontal et est donc maintenu ouvert tant que l'air circule. Dès que la circulation d'air extérieur cesse, le volet 28 retombe sous l'effet de la gravité.This is done by means of a flap 28 which is mounted in the vertical duct 26, for example downstream of the fan 27 in the direction of the circulating air a tion. The flap 28 pivots freely around a horizontal axis and is therefore kept open as long as the air circulates. As soon as the circulation of outside air stops, the flap 28 falls under the effect of gravity.

Un dispositif à contact, par exemple un interrupteur ou un contacteur (non représenté) est actionné dès que le volet 28 est fermé et commande l'émission, par un circuit électrique d'alarme (non représenté), d'un signal d'alarme sonore et visuel. Le circuit d'alarme est avantageusement alimenté à partir d'une batterie autonome de manière à pouvoir fonctionner en cas de coupure d'alimentation électrique entraînant l'arrêt des ventilateurs 6 et 27.A contact device, for example a switch or a contactor (not shown) is actuated as soon as the shutter 28 is closed and controls the emission, by an electric alarm circuit (not shown), of an alarm signal. audible and visual. The alarm circuit is advantageously supplied from an autonomous battery so as to be able to operate in the event of a power cut causing the fans 6 and 27 to stop.

Il est à noter que le système de détection et d'alarme décrit plus haut constitue un dispositif de sécurité particulièrement simple et fiable, et donc préférable à de coûteux dispositifs de détection de CO et CO2.It should be noted that the detection and alarm system described above constitutes a particularly simple and reliable security device, and therefore preferable to costly CO and CO 2 detection devices.

Il faut aussi remarquer que la récupération de quasiment l'ensemble des calories produites par la combustion permet d'assurer un chauffage efficace d'au moins la pièce dans laquelle se trouve installée la cheminée. Dans l'exemple illustré, le chauffage se fait par rechauffage et soufflage d'air extérieur. Bien entendu, d'autres modes d'extraction de la chaleur récupérée au moyen de l'échangeur peuvent être utilisés.It should also be noted that recovery almost all the calories produced by combustion ensures effective heating of at least the room in which the chimney is installed. In the example illustrated, the heating is done by reheating and blowing outside air. Of course, other methods of extracting the heat recovered by means of the exchanger can be used.

D'autres modifications ou adjonctions pourront être apportées au mode de réalisation décrit plus haut d'un appareil de chauffage conforme à l'invention sans pour cela sortir du cadre de protection défini par les revendications annexées.Other modifications or additions may be made to the embodiment described above of a heating device according to the invention without thereby departing from the protective framework defined by the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. Appareil à combustion vive, pour un local d'habitation, notamment pour une cheminée diappar- tement, appareil comportant un foyer ouvert à l'atmosphère, un circuit de gaz destiné à relier un avaloir surplombant le foyer à un conduit de sortie des gaz, un échangeur de chaleur monté sur le circuit de gaz, et des dispositifs d'épuration des gaz de combustion disposés en série avec l'échangeur de chaleur dans le circuit de gaz,
caractérisé en ce que le conduit de sortie est destiné à être raccordé à une ouverture de sortie vers l'extérieur pratiquée à travers un mur d'un local d'habitation dans lequel l'appareil peut être monté et en ce que les dispositifs d'épuration comportent au moins un filtre électrostatique.1. Burning appliance for a living space, in particular for a separate chimney, appliance comprising a fireplace open to the atmosphere, a gas circuit intended to connect a drain overhanging the fireplace to an outlet duct for gas, a heat exchanger mounted on the gas circuit, and combustion gas cleaning devices arranged in series with the heat exchanger in the gas circuit,
characterized in that the outlet duct is intended to be connected to an outlet opening to the outside made through a wall of a living room in which the appliance can be mounted and in that the devices for purification include at least one electrostatic filter. 2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le ou les filtres électrostatiques sont disposés en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur dans le sens de circulation des gaz.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrostatic filter or filters are arranged downstream of the heat exchanger in the direction of gas flow. 3. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2,
caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs d'épuration _ comportent plusieurs filtres électrostatiques montés en série.3. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2,
characterized in that the purification devices _ comprise several electrostatic filters connected in series. 4. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
caractérisé en ce que les plaques extérieures de chaque filtre électrostatique sont au potentiel négatif.4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the outer plates of each electrostatic filter are at negative potential. 5. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur et au moins une partie des dispositifs d'épuration sont disposés dans un passage vertical raccordé à l'avaloir par un conduit coudé, et
en ce que des moyens sont prévus pour faire circuler les gaz de combustion, dans ce passage, de haut en bas.5. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the heat exchanger and at least part of the purification devices are arranged in a vertical passage connected to the drain by an elbow conduit, and
in that means are provided for circulating the combustion gases, in this passage, from top to bottom. 6. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleùr comporte des moyens pour réchauffer de l'air prélevé à l'extérieur et circulant dans un conduit d'amenée d'air qui est susceptible d'être raccordé à une ouverture d'entrée d'air extérieur pratiquée à travers un mur d'un local d'habitation dans lequel l'appareil peut être monté.6. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the heat exchanger comprises means for heating air taken from outside and circulating in an air supply duct which is capable of being connected to an air inlet opening exterior practiced through a wall of a living room in which the device can be mounted. 7. Appareil selon la revendication 6,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif de détection de circulation d'air extérieur dans le conduit d'amenée d'air à réchauffer et un dispositif d'alarme relié à ce dispositif de détection pour émettre un signal d'alarme lorsque cesse la circulation d'air extérieur dans ce conduit d'amenée d'air.7. Apparatus according to claim 6,
characterized in that it comprises a device for detecting the circulation of outside air in the air supply duct to be heated and an alarm device connected to this detection device for emitting an alarm signal when the circulation of outside air in this air supply duct. 8. Appareil selon la revendication 7,
caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de détection comporte un volet monté dans le conduit d'amenée d'air de manière à être ouvert par le courant d'air extérieur dans ce conduit et un dispositif à contact actionné par ce volet lorsque ce dernier est fermé.8. Apparatus according to claim 7,
characterized in that the detection device comprises a shutter mounted in the air supply duct so as to be opened by the current of outside air in this duct and a contact device actuated by this shutter when the latter is closed . 9. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une chambre de raccordement aux extrémités de laquelle débouchent le conduit de sortie des gaz et le conduit d'entrée d'air extérieur, et une cloison partageant en deux la chambre de raccordement, la position de la cloison dans cette chambre étant réglable de manière à raccorder, respectivement, le conduit de sortie de gaz et le conduit d'amenée d'air à une première et à une seconde ouverture pratiquées lors du montage de l'appareil, dans un mur du local où l'appareil est monté, et communiquant avec la chambre de raccordement.9. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8,
characterized in that it comprises a connection chamber at the ends of which open the gas outlet duct and the outside air inlet duct, and a partition dividing the connection chamber in two, the position of the partition in this chamber being adjustable so as to connect, respectively, the gas outlet duct and the air supply duct to a first and to a second opening made during assembly of the appliance, in a wall of the room where the the device is mounted and communicating with the connection chamber. 10. Appareil selon la revendication 9, - caractérisé en ce que la chambre de raccordement est située sous le foyer.10. Apparatus according to claim 9, - characterized in that the connection chamber is located under the hearth. 11. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un filtre complémentaire à constituants physico-chimiques. 11 . Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that it comprises at least one complementary filter with physico-chemical constituents. 12. Appareil selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le filtre complémentaire est relié à une source de haute tension. 1 2. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the complementary filter is connected to a high voltage source.
EP79400138A 1978-03-07 1979-03-05 Apparatus with open firing Withdrawn EP0004235A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7806507A FR2419468A1 (en) 1978-03-07 1978-03-07 LIVE COMBUSTION APPLIANCE
FR7806507 1978-03-07

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EP0004235A1 true EP0004235A1 (en) 1979-09-19

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EP79400138A Withdrawn EP0004235A1 (en) 1978-03-07 1979-03-05 Apparatus with open firing

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EP (1) EP0004235A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2419468A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1505348A3 (en) * 2003-08-08 2012-01-04 Gruppo Piazzetta S.p.A. Stove or ventilated fireplace with a forced air circulation system
WO2020044065A1 (en) * 2018-08-31 2020-03-05 Stupnisek Mladen Wood-burning stove
FR3160449A1 (en) * 2024-03-22 2025-09-26 Treflium Innovations Particle filter for combustion heating appliance, and combustion heating appliance comprising same

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2703566A (en) * 1950-05-19 1955-03-08 Fogel Lloyd Chimneyless fireplace unit
FR2219387A1 (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-09-20 Droff Cheminees
FR2254757A2 (en) * 1973-12-18 1975-07-11 Droff Cheminees
DE2531810A1 (en) * 1975-07-16 1977-02-03 Kurt Herrmann Burning heating and combustion system - has exhaust gases blown through closed circuit fluid circulation system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2703566A (en) * 1950-05-19 1955-03-08 Fogel Lloyd Chimneyless fireplace unit
FR2219387A1 (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-09-20 Droff Cheminees
FR2254757A2 (en) * 1973-12-18 1975-07-11 Droff Cheminees
DE2531810A1 (en) * 1975-07-16 1977-02-03 Kurt Herrmann Burning heating and combustion system - has exhaust gases blown through closed circuit fluid circulation system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1505348A3 (en) * 2003-08-08 2012-01-04 Gruppo Piazzetta S.p.A. Stove or ventilated fireplace with a forced air circulation system
WO2020044065A1 (en) * 2018-08-31 2020-03-05 Stupnisek Mladen Wood-burning stove
FR3160449A1 (en) * 2024-03-22 2025-09-26 Treflium Innovations Particle filter for combustion heating appliance, and combustion heating appliance comprising same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2419468A1 (en) 1979-10-05

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