EP0000947A1 - 3,4,5-Trihydroxypiperidine derivatives, process for their preparation and medicaments and fodder containing them - Google Patents
3,4,5-Trihydroxypiperidine derivatives, process for their preparation and medicaments and fodder containing them Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0000947A1 EP0000947A1 EP78100750A EP78100750A EP0000947A1 EP 0000947 A1 EP0000947 A1 EP 0000947A1 EP 78100750 A EP78100750 A EP 78100750A EP 78100750 A EP78100750 A EP 78100750A EP 0000947 A1 EP0000947 A1 EP 0000947A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- compounds
- deoxynojirimycin
- optionally substituted
- methyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- RMCNETIHECSPMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidine-3,4,5-triol Chemical class OC1CNCC(O)C1O RMCNETIHECSPMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 125
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000852 hydrogen donor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- AAKDPDFZMNYDLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl deoxynojirimycin Natural products CN1CC(O)C(O)C(O)C1CO AAKDPDFZMNYDLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AAKDPDFZMNYDLR-XZBKPIIZSA-N N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin Chemical compound CN1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1CO AAKDPDFZMNYDLR-XZBKPIIZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000037356 lipid metabolism Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- -1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radical Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 84
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000006364 carbonyl oxy methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])OC([*:1])=O 0.000 abstract description 2
- KHANGFJTBIHUNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxypiperidine-2,2-diol Chemical class ON1CCCCC1(O)O KHANGFJTBIHUNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- LXBIFEVIBLOUGU-JGWLITMVSA-N duvoglustat Chemical compound OC[C@H]1NC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LXBIFEVIBLOUGU-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 23
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 21
- LXBIFEVIBLOUGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-deoxynojirimycin Chemical compound OCC1NCC(O)C(O)C1O LXBIFEVIBLOUGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 15
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 13
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 9
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 8
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H9/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical
- C07H9/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical the hetero ring containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
- C07H9/04—Cyclic acetals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/132—Heterocyclic compounds containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/137—Heterocyclic compounds containing two hetero atoms, of which at least one is nitrogen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
- C07D211/44—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4
- C07D211/46—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4 having a hydrogen atom as the second substituent in position 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/60—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
- C07H15/12—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to a nitrogen atom of the saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
- C07H15/14—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to a sulfur, selenium or tellurium atom of a saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/18—Acyclic radicals, substituted by carbocyclic rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new derivatives of 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine, several processes for their preparation and their use as medicaments, in particular as agents against diabetes, hyperlipemia and obesity, and in animal nutrition to influence the meat / fat ratio in favor of the meat content.
- the invention additionally also relates to pharmaceutically annehr l - bare salts of the compounds of formulas (Ia) and (Ib) such as chlorides, sulfates, acetates, carbonates, oxalates, etc., and organic precursor, said organic precursor compounds are understood which Structure differs from the active compound, which, however, is converted into the active compound in the patient's body after administration to humans or animals.
- R 1 , R ', R preferably mean an alkyl radical having 1 to 30, in particular 1 to 18, carbon atoms, an alkenyl radical or alkynyl radical with 2 to 18, in particular 3 to 10, carbon atoms, a mono-, bi- or tricyclic radical 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which can be saturated, mono- or di-unsaturated, an aryl radical with 6 or 10 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic radical with 3 to 8, in particular 3 to 6 ring members, the 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, in particular can contain N, 0, S and to which a benzene ring or a further heterocycle of the type mentioned can be fused, wherein said radicals 1 to 5 can in particular carry 1, 2 or 3 substituents.
- substituents for alkyl are: hydroxy, alkoxy with preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methoxy and ethoxy; Acyloxy, the acyl radical of aliphatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 7 C atoms, aromatic carboxylic acids, in particular phenylcarboxylic acids, which are in the phenyl radical by -OH, -halogen, in particular F, Cl, Br, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, nitro and / or amino may be substituted, heterocyclic carboxylic acids which are derived from 5- or 6-membered heterocycles which contain 1 to 3 heteroatoms (N, O, S) and in the heterocyclic ring by C 1 -C 4 alkyl, chlorine, bromine, amino may be substituted; Amino, monoalkylamino and dialkylamino with preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms per alkyl radical, in particular monomethylamino, mono
- -Alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, nitro and / or amino may be substituted, heterocyclic Carboxylic acids derived from 5- or 6-membered heterocycles which contain 1 to 3 heteroatoms (N, O, S) and which can be substituted in the heterocyclic ring by C 1 -C 4 alkyl, chlorine, bromine, amino is;
- alkylthio with preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, especially methylthio and ethylthio; Halogen, preferably fluorine, chlorine and bromine; Alkylcarbonyl preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical; Carboxy, nitro, cyan, the aldehyde function, the sulfonic acid group; as well as heterocyclic radicals of the abovementioned type, in particular also heterocyclic radicals derived from sugars, very particularly from hexoses or pentoses, which can be connected directly to the alkyl radical via a ring atom or via a -0-, -S- or -NH bridge.
- heterocyclic substituents of the alkyl radicals are: phthalimido, pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, glucopyranosyl, ribofuranosyl, oxiranyl and the like.
- alkyl radicals aromatic radicals such as naphthyl and especially phenyl which have one or more, preferably 1 to 3 identical or different substituents from the series -OH, -NH s , C 1 -C 4 alkyl-NH -, C 1 -C 4 -dialkyl-N-, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, NO 2 , -CN, -COOH, -COO-alkyl (C 1 -C 4 ), C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, Halogen, especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine, C 1 -C 4 alkylthio, -SH, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonyl, -SO 3 H, -SO 2 -NH 2 , -SOp-NH-alkyl (C 1 - C 4 ) can wear.
- aromatic radicals such as naphthyl and especially phenyl which have one or more, preferably 1 to 3 identical or different substituents from
- the alkyl radical can also carry a mono-, bi- or tricyclic substituent with preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which in turn can be substituted by hydroxyl, amino, halogen, in particular fluorine, chlorine, bromine or -COOH.
- the alkyl radical preferably carries substituents such as hydroxy, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, mercapto, alkylthio having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, nitro, amino, monoalkylamino having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and acylamino, the acyl radical of aliphatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is derived.
- the aryl radicals can carry one or more, preferably 1 to 3 identical or different substituents.
- the heterocyclic radicals R 1 are preferably derived from heteroparaffinic, heteroaromatic or heteroolefinic 5- or 6-membered rings with preferably 1 to 3 identical or different heteroatoms.
- the heteroatoms are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.
- These ring systems can carry further substituents such as, for example, hydroxyl, amino or C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups, or benzene nuclei or further preferably 6-membered heterocyclic rings of the type mentioned can be fused to them.
- heterocyclic radicals are derived, for example, from furan, pyran, pyrrolidine, piperidine, pyrazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, triazine, pyrrole, pyridine, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline or purine.
- R 2 preferably represents -H, -OH, -SO 3 H, -CN, -CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 NH- (C 1 -C 14 alkyl), -CH 2 -NH-SO 2 - (C 1 to C 14 ) alkyl
- R 2 very particularly preferably represents -H, -S0 3 H, -CN
- R is preferably hydrogen, -CH 2 OH, -CH 3 , -CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 NH- (C 1 -C 6 alkyl) or or -CH 2 -O- (C 1 -C 6 alkyl).
- R 3 very particularly preferably represents -CH 2 OH.
- the new compounds of the formula I are potent inhibitors for a-glucosidases, in particular for disaccharidases. Therefore, the new compounds are valuable means of influencing a variety of metabolic processes and thus enrich the pharmaceutical treasure. Compared to the 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine known from DT-OS 2 656 602, the new compounds have advantageous therapeutic properties.
- R 1 is an aliphatic or aromatic radical substituted by an acylamino, sulfonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, ureido or a thiourido group
- R 1 is an by an amino group
- Substituted aliphatic or aromatic radical is, by reaction of this amino group with carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid chlorides, with chlorocarbonic acid esters, isocyanates or mustard oils in a manner known per se.
- the compound X can be reacted with reactive acid derivatives to give acid amides or urethanes and these can be reduced to amines with an amide reducing agent.
- the compound of formula X can also be used with reactive alkylating agents of formula IX convert to compounds of formula II.
- new compounds of the formula II or IIa can also be obtained by using the degradation products of the D-glucose of the formulas XIV to XVI known from the literature with reagents with carbanion character such as alkyl-Li or Grignard compounds or the Li salt of 1,3-dithiane to react and the compounds of formula XVII converts in a manner known per se [S.INOUYE et.al., Tetrahedron 23, 2125-2144j via the ketone and the oxime into the amine, with a mixture of gluco- and ido compound generally forming from which the desired gluco compound XVIII can be isolated by the usual chromatographic methods.
- the isopropylidene protecting group is split off from the compounds of the formula II in moderately strongly acidic to weakly acidic solution, preferably in a pH range between 1 and 4, in aqueous solution or in a water-miscible, water-containing organic solvent.
- Diluted mineral acids such as sulfuric acid or organic acids such as acetic acid can be used as acids.
- the reaction is preferably carried out at atmospheric pressure and a temperature between room temperature and the boiling point of the solvent.
- the acid is neutralized and separated off as a salt or with the aid of a basic ion exchanger.
- a preferred embodiment of the cleavage of the isopropylidene protecting group from compounds of the formula II consists in saturating the aqueous or water-containing alcoholic solution of the compounds of the formula II with SC, and storing at temperatures between 20 ° and 50 ° C. for several days.
- the compounds of formula XXI are obtained by comparison compounds of the formula r wherein Rg is H or CH 3 CO and R 10 is mesyl or tosyl with amines of the formula at 20 to 150 ° C in a polar solvent, e.g. B. an alcohol, dimethyl sulfocide or in excess amine.
- a polar solvent e.g. B. an alcohol, dimethyl sulfocide or in excess amine.
- 1-deoxynojirimycin can also be prepared by cultivating organisms of the Bacillaceae family in conventional nutrient solutions at temperatures of about 15 to about 80 ° C. for about 1 to about 8 days with aeration in conventional fermentation vessels, spinning off the cells and the Dcsoxyharm isolated from the culture broth or the cell extracts by conventional purification methods [German Patent Application P 26 58 563.7 - (Le A 17 58717.
- the carbonyl compounds of formula VI are either known or can be prepared by standard methods.
- formic acid can be used as the hydrogen donor reducing agent (Leuckart-Wallach reaction).
- the formic acid is used in large excess.
- formaldehyde as the carbonyl component
- the reaction can be carried out in aqueous solution, with ketones and less reactive aldehydes in anhydrous formic acid.
- the reaction temperatures are between 100 and 200 ° C, if necessary the reaction must be carried out in an autoclave.
- Catalytically excited hydrogen can also be used as the hydrogen donor reducing agent.
- Raney nickel is the most suitable catalyst, but noble metal catalysts can also be used.
- Protic, polar solvents, especially alcohols, are preferred as solvents.
- Alkali metal cyanoborohydrides, dialkylaminoboranes and alkali metal borohydrides are also used as hydrogen donor reducing agents.
- the use of sodium cyanoborohydride is particularly preferred in this process variant.
- the reaction is generally carried out at room temperature. However, it can also be advantageous to heat to the reflux temperature.
- the process is usually carried out in an inert solvent.
- anhydrous aprotic solvents can be used (e.g. tetrahydrofuran if the reducing agent is morpholinoborane)
- a protic solvent is usually used.
- a lower alkanol is particularly suitable as such.
- water or an aqueous lower alkanol e.g. aqueous methanol or ethanol
- other aqueous solvent systems such as e.g. aqueous dimethylformamide, aqueous hexamethylphosphoric triamide, aqueous tetrahydrofuran or aqueous ethylene glycol dimethyl ether can be used.
- the process is usually carried out in a pH range from 1 to 11, a pH range between 4 and 7 is preferred.
- the reaction can be carried out in such a way that only the amino group of compound V reacts with the acid derivative, for example by using excess acid anhydride in an aqueous or alcoholic solution or in such a way that the peracylated compounds are formed first, which are then reacted with alcoholic ammonia or are converted into the N-acylated compounds by alkali metal alkoxide-catalyzed transesterification.
- the latter method is explained using an example:
- suitable solvents are polar aprotic solvents such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or diglyme. The reaction is preferably carried out at the boiling point of the solvent.
- LiAlH can also be used for the reduction, preferably if the hydroxyl groups are previously protected in the usual way.
- the reactive alkylating agents of the formula IX are known or can be prepared by customary processes.
- the reaction with the compound V takes place in inert organic solvents at room to boiling temperature with or without the addition of an acid-binding agent.
- combinations of the inhibitors according to the invention with known oral antidiabetics ⁇ -cytotropic sulfonylurea derivatives and / or blood sugar-effective biguanides
- blood lipid-lowering active ingredients such as, for example, B. clofibrate, nicotinic acid, cholestyramine and others.
- the compounds can be used without dilution, e.g. B. as a powder or in a gelatin shell or in combination with a carrier in a pharmaceutical composition.
- compositions can contain a greater or lesser amount of the inhibitor, e.g. B. 0.1% to 99.5%, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic, inert carrier, the carrier being one or more solid, semi-solid or liquid diluent can contain agents, fillers and / or non-toxic, inert and pharmaceutically acceptable formulation auxiliaries.
- Such pharmaceutical preparations are preferably in the form of dosage units, ie physically discrete units containing a certain amount of the inhibitor, which correspond to a fraction or a multiple of the dose required to produce the desired inhibitory effect.
- the dosage units can be 1, 2, Contain 3, 4 or more single doses or 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 of a single dose.
- a single dose preferably contains a sufficient amount of active ingredient to achieve the desired inhibitory effect when administered in accordance with a predetermined dosage regimen of one or more dosage units, with a whole, half, or a third or a quarter of the daily dose usually being all, main and Side meals are administered during the day.
- Other therapeutic agents can also be taken.
- the dosage and dosage regimen should in any case be carefully weighed, using thorough professional judgment and taking into account the age, weight and condition of the patient, the nature and severity of the disease, the dosage will usually range between about 1 to about 1 x 10 4 SIE / kg of body weight per day. In some cases a sufficient therapeutic effect will be achieved with a lower dose, while in other cases a larger dose will be required.
- Oral application can be carried out using solid and liquid dosage units, such as. B. powders, tablets, dragees, capsules, granules, suspensions, solutions and the like.
- Powder is produced by comminuting the substance into a suitable size and mixing it with a comminuted pharmaceutical carrier.
- a comminuted pharmaceutical carrier such as. B. starch, lactose, sucrose or glucose
- a non-metabolizable carbohydrate such as. B. to use a cellulose derivative.
- Sweeteners can also be used.
- the capsules can be produced by preparing the powder mixture described above and by filling gelatin shells that have already been formed.
- the powder mixture can be filled with lubricants such as z. B. silica gel, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate or festea polyethylene glycol.
- the mixture can also be used with a disintegrator or solubilizer, such as. B. agar agar, calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate to improve the accessibility of the inhibitor when taking the capsule.
- the tablets are made, for example, by producing a powder mixture, coarse or fine-grained, and adding a lubricant and disintegrator. This mixture is used to form tablets.
- a powder mixture is prepared by mixing the substance, which has been comminuted in a suitable manner, and supplementing a diluent or another carrier as described above. If necessary, add a binder: e.g. B. carobxymethyl cellulose, alginates, gelatin or polyvinylpyrrolidone, a solution retarder, such as. B. paraffin, a resorption accelerator, such as. B. a quaternary salt and / or Adsorbents, such as. B.
- a binder e.g. B. carobxymethyl cellulose, alginates, gelatin or polyvinylpyrrolidone
- a solution retarder such as. B. paraffin
- a resorption accelerator such as. B. a quaternary salt
- Adsorbents such as. B
- the powder mixture can be granulated together with a binder, such as. B. syrup, starch paste, acacia mucus, or solutions made of cellulose or polymer materials. Then you press the product through a coarse sieve. As an alternative to this, the powder mixture can be run through a tablet machine and the resulting irregularly shaped pieces crushed down to grain size. So that the resulting grains do not get stuck in the tray-forming nozzles, you can add a lubricant, such as. B. stearic acid, stearate salt, talc or mineral oil. This lubricated mixture is then pressed into tablet form.
- a binder such as. B. syrup, starch paste, acacia mucus, or solutions made of cellulose or polymer materials. Then you press the product through a coarse sieve.
- the powder mixture can be run through a tablet machine and the resulting irregularly shaped pieces crushed down to grain size. So that the resulting grains do not get stuck in the tray-forming nozzles,
- the active compounds can also be combined with free-flowing inert carriers and brought directly into tablet form, with the omission of the granulate or fragmentation steps.
- the product can be provided with a clear or opaque protective cover, e.g. B. a coating of shellac, a coating of sugar or polymer substances and a polished shell made of wax. Dyes can be added to these coatings so that a distinction can be made between the different dosage units.
- the oral forms of preparation such as. B. solutions, syrup and elixirs can be prepared in dosage units so that a certain amount of preparation contains a certain amount of active ingredient.
- Syrup can be prepared in such a way that the active ingredient is dissolved in an aqueous solution which contains suitable flavorings; Elixirs are obtained using non-toxic, alcoholic carriers.
- Suspensions can be prepared by dispersing the compound in a non-toxic carrier.
- Solubilizers and emulsifiers such as. B. ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols and polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters, preservatives, taste-improving additives such as. B. peppermint oil or saccharin and the like can also be added.
- Dosage instructions can be given on the capsule.
- the dosage can be secured so that the active ingredient is released with a delay, e.g. B. by compliance with the active ingredient in polymer substances, waxes or the like.
- foods containing these active ingredients can also be produced; for example sugar, bread, potato products, fruit juice, beer, chocolate and other confectionery, and canned goods such as. B. jam, a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the inhibitors according to the invention was added to these products.
- the foods produced using the active compounds according to the invention are suitable both for dieting in patients who suffer from metabolic disorders and for the nutrition of healthy people in the sense of a metabolic disorder-preventive diet.
- the inhibitors according to the invention furthermore have the property of influencing the ratio of the proportion of undesirable fat to the proportion of the desired low-fat meat (lean meat) to a large extent in favor of the lean meat.
- This is of particular importance for the rearing and keeping of farm animals, e.g. B. in pig fattening, but also of considerable importance for the rearing and keeping of other farm animals and ornamental animals.
- the use of the inhibitors can further lead to a considerable rationalization of the feeding of the animals, both in terms of time, quantity and quality. Since they cause a certain "delay in digestion, the dwelling time of the nutrients in the digestive tract is lengthened, which enables ad libitum feeding with less effort. Furthermore, in many cases the use of the inhibitors according to the invention results in a considerable saving of valuable protein feed .
- the active ingredients can thus be used in practically all areas of animal nutrition as a means of reducing the amount of fat and saving feed protein.
- the effectiveness of the active ingredients is largely independent of the type and gender of the animals.
- the active ingredients are particularly valuable in animal species that tend to store more fat at all or in certain stages of life.
- the following useful and ornamental animals may be mentioned as examples of animals in which the inhibitors can be used to reduce fat deposits and / or to save feed protein: Warm-blooded animals such as cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, cats, dogs, rabbits, fur animals , e.g. B. mink, chinchilla, other ornamental animals, e.g. B. guinea pigs and hamsters, laboratory and zoo animals, e.g. B. rats, mice, monkeys, etc. poultry, e.g. B. broilers, chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, pigeons, parrots and canaries and cold-blooded animals, such as fish, e.g. B. carp and reptiles, e.g. B. snakes.
- Warm-blooded animals such as cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, cats, dogs, rabbits, fur animals , e.g. B. mink, chinchi
- the amount of active ingredients that are administered to the animals to achieve the desired effect can be varied widely because of the favorable properties of the active ingredients. It is preferably about 0.5 mg to 2.5 g, in particular 10 to 100 mg / kg of feed per day.
- the duration of administration can range from a few hours or days to several years.
- the right amount of active ingredient and the right duration of administration are closely related to the feeding goal. They depend in particular on the type, age, gender, state of health and type of keeping of the animals and are easy to determine by any specialist.
- the active compounds according to the invention are administered to the animals by the customary methods.
- the method of administration depends in particular on the type, behavior and general condition of the animals. Thus, the administration can take place orally once or several times a day, at regular or irregular intervals. For reasons of expediency, oral administration is preferred in most cases, particularly in the rhythm of the animals' food and / or drink intake.
- the active substances can be administered as pure substances or in formulated form, the formulated form being understood both as a Prexix, i.e. in a mixture with non-toxic inert carriers of any kind, and as part of an overall ration in the form of a supplementary feed or as a component of the mixture of a sole compound feed is.
- a Prexix i.e. in a mixture with non-toxic inert carriers of any kind
- suitable preparations via drinking water is also included.
- the active ingredients can optionally in formulated form together with other nutrients and active ingredients, e.g. B. mineral salts, trace elements, vitamins, proteins, energy sources (z. B. starch, sugar, fats), colors and / or flavors or other feed additives, such as. B. growth promoters, administered in a suitable form.
- B. mineral salts e.g. B. mineral salts, trace elements, vitamins, proteins, energy sources (z. B. starch, sugar, fats), colors and / or flavors or other feed additives, such as. B. growth promoters, administered in a suitable form.
- the active substances can be given to the animals before, during or after eating.
- Oral administration together with the feed and / or drinking water is recommended, the active ingredients being added to the total amount or only parts of the feed and / or drinking water as required.
- the active ingredients can be mixed by pure methods, preferably in finely divided form, by conventional methods Form or in formulated orculated form in a mixture with ePbaren, non-toxic carriers, optionally also in the form of a premix or a feed concentrate, the feed and / or the drinking water are added.
- the feed and / or drinking water can, for example, contain the active substances according to the invention in a concentration of approximately 0.001 to 5.0%, in particular 0.02 to 2.0% (weight).
- the optimum level of the concentration of the active ingredient in the feed and / or drinking water depends in particular on the amount of feed and / or drinking water intake by the animals and can easily be determined by any person skilled in the art.
- the type of feed and its composition are irrelevant. All customary, commercially available or special feed compositions can be used, which preferably contain the usual balance of energy and protein substances, including vitamins and minerals, which is necessary for a balanced diet.
- the feed can be composed, for example, of vegetable substances, e.g. B. oilcake meal, grain meal, grain by-products, but also from hay, fermented feed, beets and other fodder plants, from animal substances, eg. B. meat and fish products, bone meal, fats, vitamins, e.g. B. A, D, E, K and B complex as well as special protein sources, e.g. B. yeasts and certain amino acids and minerals and trace elements, such as. B. phosphorus and iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt, iodine etc.
- Premixes can preferably be about 0.1 to 50 t, in particular 0.5 to 5.0% (weight) e.g. N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin along with any edible carriers and / or mineral salts, e.g. contain carbonated lime and are produced according to the usual mixing methods.
- Compound feed preferably contain 0.001 to 5.0%, in particular 0.02 to 2.0% (weight) of, for example, N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin in addition to the usual raw material components of a compound feed, e.g. B. cereal meal or by-products, oil cake meal, animal protein, minerals, trace elements and vitamins. They can be produced using the usual mixing methods.
- a compound feed e.g. B. cereal meal or by-products, oil cake meal, animal protein, minerals, trace elements and vitamins. They can be produced using the usual mixing methods.
- the active ingredients can optionally also be covered by suitable agents covering their surface, e.g. B, protected from air, light and / or moisture with non-toxic waxes or gelatin.
- the specified feed mixtures are preferably matched for rearing and fattening chicks or pigs, but they can also be used in the same or a similar composition for rearing and fattening other animals.
- the inhibitors can be used individually or in any mixtures with one another.
- the saccherase inhibition test in vitro enables the enzyme-inhibitory activity of a substance to be determined by comparing the activity of the solubilized intestinal disaccharidase complex in the presence or absence (aog. 100% value) of the inhibitor.
- the substrate which determines the specificity of the inhibition test, is used a practically glucose-free sucrose (glucose ⁇ 100 ppm); the enzyme activity determination is based on the spectrophotometric determination of released glucose using glucose dehydrogenaea and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as cofactor.
- the inteatinal disaccharidase complex is obtained from pig intestinal mucosa by tryptic digestion, precipitation from 66% ethanol at -20 ° C., taking up the precipitatea in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 and final dialysis against the same buffer.
- 10 ul of a sample solution which is prepared so that the absorbance of the test batch is at least 10%, but not more than 25% below that of the 100% value, is diluted with 100 ul of the intestinal disaccharidase complex in 0.1 M Maleinate buffer, pH 6.25, added and pre-incubated for 10 at 37 ° C.
- the dilution of the disaccheridase complex should be set to an activity of 0.1 SE / ml.
- the saccharolytic reaction is then started by adding 100 .mu.l of a 0.4 M solution of sucrose ("SERVA 35579”) in 0.1 M maleinate buffer, pH 6.25 and after an incubation period of 20 min at 37.degree Add 1 ml glucose dehydrogenase reagent (1 vial of glucose dehydrogenase mutarotase mixture lyophilized (“MERCK 14053”) and 331.7 mg ⁇ -nicotinamide adenine dinucleoitide (free acid, "BOEHRTNGER” Reinhettsgrad I)) in 250 ml 0.5 M Tris buffer, pH 7.6 dissolved). To detect glucose, incubate for 30 min at 37 ° C and finally photometry at 340 nm against a blank reagent (with enzyme, but without sucrose).
- the calculation of the inhibitory activity of inhibitors is made more difficult by the fact that even minor changes in the test system, for example a 100% value which varies slightly from one determination to the next, are no longer negligible influence on the test result. These difficulties are avoided by running a standard with every determination; the standard used is a baccharase inhibitor of the formula C 25 H 43 O 18 N, which has a specific inhibitory activity of 77 700 SIU / g and, when used in quantities of 10 to 20 ng, leads to a test of the magnitude specified above in the test.
- the specificity of the inhibitory activity can be calculated from the extinction difference of 100% value and the approach inhibited by the sample solution, taking into account the amount of inhibitor used, expressed in saccharase inhibitor units per gram (SIE / g). Manufacturing examples
- aqueous phase is again brought to dryness, the residue is taken up in 30 ml of H 2 O and applied to a 50 cm long and 2 cm wide column which is treated with strongly basic ion exchanger in the OH ⁇ form (Amberlite IRA 400 or Dowex 1 x 2) is filled.
- strongly basic ion exchanger in the OH ⁇ form Amberlite IRA 400 or Dowex 1 x 2
- molecular sieve 3A was added to the reaction mixture to bind the water of reaction.
- the substance is a mixture of two diastereomeric compounds.
- the aldehyde required for the reaction was obtained from 0-acetylated 1-thioglucose and chloroacetaldehyde.
- the acetyl groups were split off in the end product by transesterification with catalytic amounts of NaOCH 5 in MeOH.
- the substance is a mixture of two diastereomeric compounds.
- the compound was obtained from the above phthalimido compound by hydrazinolysis in methanol.
- the compound was not purified by chromatography on a basic exchanger, but by recrystallization from methanol / water. FP: 187-188 ° C.
- Rf value 0.85 (on ready-made DC plates from Merck Kieselgel 60; eluent: ethyl acetate / methanol / H 2 O / 25% ammonia 100: 60: 40: 2).
- Rf value of 1-deoxynojirimycin 0.3.
- Rf value 0.7 (plates and eluent as specified for the above compound).
- the compound was chromatographed on basic chromatography as above, but finally eluting with 1% acetic acid.
- nojirimycin bisulfite adduct 17.5 g of nojirimycin bisulfite adduct are added to 200 ml of H 2 O and 21.2 g of Ba (OH) x 8 H 2 O. The mixture is stirred for one hour at room temperature and the solid is filtered off with suction. The filtrate is mixed with 12 ml of liquid hydrocyanic acid and allowed to stir for 1/2 hour. The solution is filtered again and concentrated to 20 ml on a rotary evaporator. 20 ml of MeOH are initially added, the desired product starting to crystallize out, and the crystallization is completed by adding 100 ml of ethanol. The precipitate was filtered off. Yield: 12.0 g of 1-cyano-1-deoxynojirimycin; FP: 152-153 ° C. After recrystallization from methanol and a little water, the substance melts at 155-156 ° C.
- the compound was obtained in analogy to Example 3 by reductive methylation of 1-cyano-1-deoxynojirimycin with 35% aqueous formaldehyde solution and NaCNBH, in methanol.
- the residue was recrystallized first from a little water and then from water / methanol.
- the compound was prepared from 1-acetamidomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin in analogy to Example 6.
- the compound was prepared from 1-aminomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin and benzoyl chloride according to the procedure of Example 14.
- FP 216 ° C (from methanol).
- the compound was prepared from 1-benzoylaminomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin in analogy to Example 6.
- FP 135-136 ° C (from butanol).
- the compound was prepared from 1-tosylamidomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin according to the procedure of Example 6. FP: 218-219 ° C (from H 2 O).
- N- (1-deoxynojirimycin-yl) acetic acid 5 g were refluxed in 50 ml of dimethylformamide for 1/2 hour. The solvent was removed in a high vacuum on a rotary evaporator and the oil which remained was crystallized from 25 ml of ethanol. Yield of N- (1-deoxynojirimycin-yl) -acetic acid-6-lactone: 3.5 g of melting point 157-159 ° C.
- the methanolic solution was again concentrated and the residue was applied with water to a column filled with a strongly acidic exchanger in the H ⁇ form. It was eluted first with water and then with 0.25% ammonia. The fractions containing 1-hydroxymethyl-1-deoxy-nojirimycin were pooled and concentrated. 500 mg of 1-hydroxymethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin were obtained.
- the compound was obtained from 1-acetamidomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin by reductive alkylation with nonylaldehyde and NaCNBH, in methanol in analogy to Example 3.
- This crude product is dissolved in 165 ml of absolute tetrahydrofuran and dripped at -70 ° C. into a mixture of 24.6 g of sodium in 820 ml of liquid ammonia cooled with dry ice / acetone. A further 2.5 g of sodium are added in portions and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours. Then 91 g of ammonium chloride are added in portions at -70 ° C. and the mixture is left to smoke overnight without a cold bath. The suspension obtained is stirred with 500 ml of methanol. It is suctioned off and the filtrate is concentrated. The evaporation residue is taken up in water / chloroform and Cut. The aqueous phase is concentrated.
- the non-crystalline N-methyl-nojirimycin hydrochloride obtained in this way showed in the sucrose inhibition test a three times stronger effect than 1-deoxy-nojirimycin.
- reaction product was then eluted from the column with 0.3N NH 3 solution, the eluate i.Vak. evaporated and the residue on 100 g of silica gel from Merck (70-230 mesh) with methanol / conc. Ammonia solution in the ratio 10: 5 purified by column chromatography. Yield: 1 g.
- the oil obtained was covered with 300 ml of ether and 150 ml of 5N hydrochloric acid were added with ice cooling at 0-10 ° C., the organic phase was separated off, washed once with dilute hydrochloric acid and the combined aqueous phases once with ether. Then the aqueous phase was mixed with 100 ml of 40% NaOH solution and extracted three times with 150 ml of ether each time. The combined ether extracts were dried over Na 2 S0 4 and evaporated in vacuo. There remained 91 g as an oil.
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Abstract
Trihydroxypiperidine der Formel <IMAGE> worin R1 H oder einen gegebenenfalls substituierten, geradkettigen, verzweigten oder cyclischen gesättigten oder ungesättigten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoftrest oder einen gegebenenfalls substituierten aromatischen oder heterocyclischen Rest darstellt und <IMAGE> NH2CH2-, NHR'-CH2-, NR'R"-CH2-, -COOH, -COOR', HO-CH2-, R'CO-NHCH2-, R'CO-NR"CH2-, R'SO2NHCH2-, R'SO2-NR"CH2-, R'NH-?-NH-CH2-, R'-NH- ?-NH-CH2-, R'-O-?-NH-CH2-, -SO3H, -CN, -CONH2, -CONHR' oder -CONR'R" bedeutet und R3 die für R1 gegebene Bedeutung annehmen kann, vorzugsweise aber für -H, -CH3, -CH2OH, -CH2-NH2, NHR'-CH2-, NR'R"-CH2-, R'CONH-CH2-R'CO-NR"CH2-, Hal-CH2-, R'O-CH2-, R'COOCH2-, R'SO2O-CH2-, R'SO2NHCH2-, R'SO2-NR"CH2-, R'NH-CO-NH-CH2-, R'NH-CS-NH-CH2-, R'O-CO-NH-CH2-, -CN, -COOH, -COOR', -CONH2, -CONHR', -CONR'R" steht, wobei R', R" die vorstehend für R1 genannten Bedeutungen annehmen kann, und wobei für den Fall R3 = -CH2OH und R2 = H oder OH R1 ein gegebenenfalls substituierter, geradkettiger, verzweigter oder cyclischer gesättigter oder ungesättigter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest oder ein gegebenenfalls substituierter aromatischer oder heterocyclischer Rest ist, d.h. dass R1 nicht H ist; und für den Fall R3 = H und R2 = H, OH, SO3H, -CN und CH2-NH2 R1 ein gegebenenfalls substituierter, geradkettiger, verweigter oder cyclischer gesättigter oder ungesättigter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest oder ein gegebenenfalls substituierter aromatischer oder heterocyclischer Rest ist, d.h. dass R1 nicht H ist; und für den Fall R3 = -CH2-NH2 und R2 = OH R1 en gegebenenfalls substituierter, geradkettiger, verzweigter oder cyclischer gesättigter oder ungesättigter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest oder ein gegebenenfalls substituierter aromatischer oder heterocyclischer Rest ist, d.h. dass R1 nicht H ist, eignen sich als Mittel gegen Diabetes, Hyperlipämie und Adipositas, sowie in der Tierernährung zur Beeinflussung des Fleisch/Fett-Verhältnisses zugunsten des Fleischanteils.Trihydroxypiperidines of the formula <IMAGE> in which R1 is H or an optionally substituted, straight-chain, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic radical and <IMAGE> NH2CH2-, NHR'-CH2-, NR'R " -CH2-, -COOH, -COOR ', HO-CH2-, R'CO-NHCH2-, R'CO-NR "CH2-, R'SO2NHCH2-, R'SO2-NR" CH2-, R'NH- ? -NH-CH2-, R'-NH-? -NH-CH2-, R'-O -? - NH-CH2-, -SO3H, -CN, -CONH2, -CONHR 'or -CONR'R " and R3 can assume the meaning given for R1, but preferably for -H, -CH3, -CH2OH, -CH2-NH2, NHR'-CH2-, NR'R "-CH2-, R'CONH-CH2-R'CO -NR "CH2-, Hal-CH2-, R'O-CH2-, R'COOCH2-, R'SO2O-CH2-, R'SO2NHCH2-, R'SO2-NR" CH2-, R'NH-CO- NH-CH2-, R'NH-CS-NH-CH2-, R'O-CO-NH-CH2-, -CN, -COOH, -COOR ', -CONH2, -CONHR', -CONR'R " , where R ', R "can assume the meanings given above for R1, and where in the case R3 = -CH2OH and R2 = H or OH R1 an optionally substituted first, straight-chain, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic radical, i.e. that R1 is not H; and in the case R3 = H and R2 = H, OH, SO3H, -CN and CH2-NH2 R1 is an optionally substituted, straight-chain, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon residue or an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic residue, i.e. that R1 is not H; and in the case R3 = -CH2-NH2 and R2 = OH R1 is optionally substituted, straight-chain, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic radical, i.e. that R1 is not H are suitable as a remedy for diabetes, hyperlipemia and obesity, as well as in animal nutrition to influence the meat / fat ratio in favor of the meat content.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft neue Derivate von 3,4,5-Trihydroxypiperidin, mehrere Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung als Arzneimittel, insbesondere als Mittel gegen Diabetes, Hyperlipämie und Adipositas, sowie in der Tierernährung zur Beeinflussung des Fleisch/Fettverhältnisses zugunsten des Fleischanteils.The present invention relates to new derivatives of 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine, several processes for their preparation and their use as medicaments, in particular as agents against diabetes, hyperlipemia and obesity, and in animal nutrition to influence the meat / fat ratio in favor of the meat content.
Die neuen Derivate lassen sich durch die Formel Ia und insbesondere durch die Formel Ib, die die bevorzugte stereoisomere Form beschreibt, wiedergeben.
- R, H oder einen gegebenenfalls substituierten, geradkettigen, verzweigten oder cyclischen gesättigten oder ungesättigten aliphatischen Kohlenwnsserstcffrest oder einen gegebenenfalls substituierten aromatischen oder heterocyclischen Rest darstellt und
- Ra -H, -OH, -OR', -SH, -SR', -NH2, -NHR',
NH2CH2-, NHR'-CH2-, NR'R"-CH2-, -COOH, -COOR', HO-CH2-, R'CO-NHCH2-, R'CO-NR''CH2-, R'SO2NHCH2-, R'SO2-NR''CH2-, - -SO3H, -CN, -CONH2, -CONHR' oder -CONR'R" bedeutet und Rs die für R, gegebene edeutung annehmen kann, vorzugsweise aber für -H, -CH3, -CH2OH, -CH2-NH2, NHR'-CH2-, NR'R''-CH2 -, R'CONH-CH2-, R'CO-NR''CH2-, Hal-CH2-, R'O-CH2-, R'COOCH2-, R'SO2O-CH2-, R'SO2NHCH2 -, R'SO2-NR''CH2 -, R'NH-CO-NH-CH2-, R'NH-CS-NH-CHa-, R'O-CO-NH-CH2-, -CN, -COOH, -COOR; -CONH2, -CONHR', -CONR'R" steht, wobei
- R', R" die vorstehend für R1 genannten Bedeutungen annehmen kann,
- und wobei für den Fall R3 = -CH2OH und R2 = H oder OH R1 ein gegebenenfalls substituierter, geradkettiger, verzweigter oder cyclischer gesättigter oder ungesättigter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest oder ein gegebenenfalls substituierter aromatischer oder heterocyclischer Rest ist, d.h. daß R, nicht H ist;
- und für den Fall R3 = H und Ra = H, OH, SO3H, -CN und CH2-NH2 R, ein gegebenenfalls substituierter, geradkettiger, verzweigter oder cyclischer gesättigter oder ungesättigter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest oder ein gegebenenfalls substituierter aromatischer oder heterocyclischer Rest ist, d.h. daß R1 nicht H ist;
- und für den Fall R3 = -CH2-NH2 und R2 = OH R1 ein gegebenenfalls substituierter, geradkettiger, verzweigter oder cyclischer gesättigter oder ungesättigter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest oder ein gegebenenfalls substituierter aromatischer oder heterocyclischer Rest ist, d.h. daß R1 nicht H ist.
- R, H or an optionally substituted, straight-chain, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carbon residue or an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic radical and
- R a -H, -OH, -OR ', -SH, -SR', -NH 2 , -NHR ',
NH 2 CH 2 -, NHR'-CH 2 -, NR'R "-CH 2 -, -COOH, -COOR ', HO-CH 2 -, R'CO-NHCH 2 -, R'CO-NR'' CH 2 -, R'SO 2 NHCH 2 -, R'SO 2 -NR''CH 2 -, - -SO 3 H, -CN, -CONH 2 , -CONHR 'or -CONR'R "and R s can assume the meaning given for R, but preferably for -H, -CH 3 , -CH 2 OH, - CH 2 -NH 2 , NHR'-CH 2 -, NR'R '' - CH 2 -, R'CONH-CH 2 -, R'CO-NR''CH 2 -, Hal-CH 2 -, R ' O-CH 2 -, R'COOCH 2 -, R'SO 2 O-CH 2 -, R'SO 2 NHCH 2 -, R'SO 2 -NR''CH 2 -, R'NH-CO-NH- CH 2 -, R'NH-CS-NH-CH a -, R'O-CO-NH-CH 2 -, -CN, -COOH, -COOR; -CONH 2 , -CONHR ', -CONR'R " stands where
- R ', R "can assume the meanings given above for R 1 ,
- and where in the case R 3 = -CH 2 OH and R 2 = H or OH R 1 an optionally substituted, straight-chain, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic radical, ie that R is not Is H;
- and in the case R 3 = H and R a = H, OH, SO 3 H, -CN and CH 2 -NH 2 R, an optionally substituted, straight-chain, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an optionally substituted aromatic or is heterocyclic radical, ie that R 1 is not H;
- and in the case R 3 = -CH 2 -NH 2 and R 2 = OH R 1 an optionally substituted, straight-chain, ver is a branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic radical, ie that R 1 is not H.
Die Erfindung betrifft darüberhinaus auch pharmazeutisch annehrl- bare Salze der Verbindungen der Formeln (Ia) und (Ib) wie Chloride, Sulfate, Acetate, Carbonate, Oxalate usw., und Bio-Vorläufer, wobei unter Bio-Vorläufer Verbindungen verstanden werden, deren Struktur sich von der aktiven Verbindung unterscheidet, die jedoch nach Verabreichung an Mensch oder Tier im Körper des Patienten in die aktive Verbindung umgewandelt werden.The invention additionally also relates to pharmaceutically annehr l - bare salts of the compounds of formulas (Ia) and (Ib) such as chlorides, sulfates, acetates, carbonates, oxalates, etc., and organic precursor, said organic precursor compounds are understood which Structure differs from the active compound, which, however, is converted into the active compound in the patient's body after administration to humans or animals.
Bevorzugt bedeuten R1, R', R" einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 30 insbesondere 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, einen Alkenylrest oder Alkinylrest mit 2 bis 18 insbesondere 3 bis 10 C-Atomen, einen mono-, bi-oder tricyclischen Rest mit 3 bis 10 C-Atomen, der gesättigt, einfach oder doppelt ungesättigt sein kann, einen Arylrest mit 6 oder 10 C-Atomen, einen heterocyclischen Rest mit 3 bis 8 insbesondere 3 bis 6 Ringgliedern, der 1, 2, 3 oder 4 Heteroatome, insbesondere N, 0, S enthalten kann und an dem ein Benzolring oder ein weiterer Heterozyklus der genannten Art ankondensiert sein kann, wobei die genannten Reste 1 bis 5 insbesondere 1, 2 oder 3 Substituenten tragen können.R 1 , R ', R "preferably mean an alkyl radical having 1 to 30, in particular 1 to 18, carbon atoms, an alkenyl radical or alkynyl radical with 2 to 18, in particular 3 to 10, carbon atoms, a mono-, bi- or tricyclic radical 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which can be saturated, mono- or di-unsaturated, an aryl radical with 6 or 10 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic radical with 3 to 8, in particular 3 to 6 ring members, the 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, in particular can contain N, 0, S and to which a benzene ring or a further heterocycle of the type mentioned can be fused, wherein said radicals 1 to 5 can in particular carry 1, 2 or 3 substituents.
Als Substituenten für Alkyl seien beispielhaft aufgeführt: Hydroxy, Alkoxy mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere Methoxy und Aethoxy; Acyloxy, wobei der Acylrest von aliphatischen Carbonsäuren mit 1 bis 7 C-Atomen, aromatischen Carbonsäuren insbesondere Phenylcarbonsäuren, die im Phenylrest durch -OH, -Halogen, insbesondere F, Cl, Br, C1-C4-Alkyl, C1-C4-Alkoxy, Nitro und/oder Amino substituiert sein können, heterocyclischen Carbonsäuren, die sich von 5- oder 6- gliedrigen Heterocyclen ableiten, die 1 bis 3 Heteroatome (N,O,S) enthalten und im heterocyclischen Ring durch C1-C4-Alkyl, Chlor, Brom, Amino substituiert sein können, abgeleitet ist; Amino, Monoalkylamino und Dialkylamino mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen je Alkylrest, insbesondere Monomethylamino, Monoäthylamino, Dimethylamino und Diäthylamino, Monoacylamino, wobei der Acylrest von aliphatischen Carbonsäuren mit 1 bis 7 C-Atomen, aromatischen Carbonsäuren insbesondere Phenylcarbonsäuren, die im Phenylrest durch -OH, -Halogen, insbesondere F, Cl, Br, C1-C.-Alkyl, C1-C4-Alkoxy, Nitro und/oder Amino substituiert sein können, heterocyclischen Carbonsäuren, die sich von 5- oder 6-gliedrigen Heterocyclen ableiten, die 1 bis 3 Heteroatome (N,O,S) enthalten und im heterocyclischen Ring durch C1-C4-Alkyl, Chlor, Brom, Amino substituiert sein können, abgeleitet ist;Examples of substituents for alkyl are: hydroxy, alkoxy with preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methoxy and ethoxy; Acyloxy, the acyl radical of aliphatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 7 C atoms, aromatic carboxylic acids, in particular phenylcarboxylic acids, which are in the phenyl radical by -OH, -halogen, in particular F, Cl, Br, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, nitro and / or amino may be substituted, heterocyclic carboxylic acids which are derived from 5- or 6-membered heterocycles which contain 1 to 3 heteroatoms (N, O, S) and in the heterocyclic ring by C 1 -C 4 alkyl, chlorine, bromine, amino may be substituted; Amino, monoalkylamino and dialkylamino with preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms per alkyl radical, in particular monomethylamino, monoethylamino, dimethylamino and diethylamino, monoacylamino, the acyl radical of aliphatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, aromatic carboxylic acids, in particular phenylcarboxylic acids OH, in the phenyl radical , -Halogen, in particular F, Cl, Br, C 1 -C . -Alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, nitro and / or amino may be substituted, heterocyclic Carboxylic acids derived from 5- or 6-membered heterocycles which contain 1 to 3 heteroatoms (N, O, S) and which can be substituted in the heterocyclic ring by C 1 -C 4 alkyl, chlorine, bromine, amino is;
Mercapto, Alkylthio mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere Methylthio und Aethylthio; Halogen, vorzugsweise Fluor, Chlor und Brom; Alkylcarbonyl mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest; Carboxy, Nitro, Cyan, die Aldehydfunktion, die Sulfonsäuregruppe; sowie heterocyclische Reste der oben genannten Art, insbesondere auch von Zuckern, ganz besonders von Hexosen oder Pentosen abgeleitete heterocyclische Reste, die direkt über ein Ringaton oder über eine -0-, -S- oder -NH-Brücke mit dem Alkylrest verbunden sein können.Mercapto, alkylthio with preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, especially methylthio and ethylthio; Halogen, preferably fluorine, chlorine and bromine; Alkylcarbonyl preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical; Carboxy, nitro, cyan, the aldehyde function, the sulfonic acid group; as well as heterocyclic radicals of the abovementioned type, in particular also heterocyclic radicals derived from sugars, very particularly from hexoses or pentoses, which can be connected directly to the alkyl radical via a ring atom or via a -0-, -S- or -NH bridge.
Beispiele für heterocyclische Substituenten der Alkylreste sind: Phthalimido, Pyridyl, Thienyl, Furyl, Isoxazolyl, Thiazolyl, Glucopyranosyl, Ribofuranosyl, Oxiranyl u. dgl. Des weiteren eignen sich als Substituenten der Alkylreste aromatische Reste wie Naphthyl und insbesondere Phenyl, die einen oder mehrere, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 gleiche oder verschiedene Substituenten aus der Reihe -OH, -NHs, C1-C4-Alkyl-NH-, C1-C4-Dialkyl-N-, C1-C4-Alkoxy,NO2, -CN, -COOH, -COO-Alkyl (C1-C4), C1-C6-Alkyl, Halogen, insbesondere Fluor, Chlor oder Brom, C1-C4-Alkylthio, -SH, C1-C4-Alkylsulfonyl, -SO3H, -SO2-NH2, -SOp-NH-Alkyl (C1-C4) tragen können.Examples of heterocyclic substituents of the alkyl radicals are: phthalimido, pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, glucopyranosyl, ribofuranosyl, oxiranyl and the like. The like are furthermore suitable as substituents of the alkyl radicals aromatic radicals such as naphthyl and especially phenyl which have one or more, preferably 1 to 3 identical or different substituents from the series -OH, -NH s , C 1 -C 4 alkyl-NH -, C 1 -C 4 -dialkyl-N-, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, NO 2 , -CN, -COOH, -COO-alkyl (C 1 -C 4 ), C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, Halogen, especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine, C 1 -C 4 alkylthio, -SH, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonyl, -SO 3 H, -SO 2 -NH 2 , -SOp-NH-alkyl (C 1 - C 4 ) can wear.
Der Alkylrest kann auch einen mono-, bi- oder tricyclischen Substituenten mit vorzugsweise 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen tragen, der seinerseits durch Hydroxy, Amino, Halogen, insbesondere Fluor, Chlor, Brom, oder -COOH substituiert sein kann.The alkyl radical can also carry a mono-, bi- or tricyclic substituent with preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which in turn can be substituted by hydroxyl, amino, halogen, in particular fluorine, chlorine, bromine or -COOH.
Der Alkylrest trägt bevorzugt Substituenten wie Hydroxy, Alkoxy mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, Mercapto, Alkylthio mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, Halogen, Nitro, Amino, Monoalkylamino mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen und Acylamino, wobei der Acylrest von aliphatischen Carbonsäuren mit 1 bis 6 C-Atomen abgeleitet ist.The alkyl radical preferably carries substituents such as hydroxy, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, mercapto, alkylthio having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, nitro, amino, monoalkylamino having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and acylamino, the acyl radical of aliphatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is derived.
Für die cyclischen mono-, bi- oder tricyclischen Reste R" R' und R" kommen die für die Alkylreste genannten Substituenten z in Betracht.The substituents z mentioned for the alkyl radicals come into consideration for the cyclic mono-, bi- or tricyclic radicals R " R 'and R".
Die Arylreste können einen oder mehrere, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 gleiche oder verschiedene Substiuenten tragen.The aryl radicals can carry one or more, preferably 1 to 3 identical or different substituents.
Als Substituenten seien beispielhaft aufgeführt:
- Alkyl mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, das seinerseits wieder beispielsweise durch Chlor, Nitro oder Cyan substituiert sein kann; gegebenenfalls substituierte Alkenylreste mit 1 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen; Hydroxy, Alkoxy mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen; Amino, Monoalkyl- und Dialkylamino mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen je Alkylrest; Mercapto, Alkylthio mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen;
- Carboxy, Carbalkoxy mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, die Sulfonsäuregruppe, Alkylsulfonyl mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, Arylsulfonyl, vorzugsweise Phenylsulfonyl; Aminosulfonyl-, Alkylamino- und Dialkylaminosulfonyl mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen je Alkylgruppe, vorzugsweise Methyl-und Dimethylaminosulfonyl; Nitro, Cyan oder die Aldehydgruppe; Alkylcarbonylamino mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen; Alkylcarbonyl mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, Benzoyl, Benzylcarbonyl und Phenyläthylcarbonyl, wobei die zuletzt genannten Alkyl, Phenyl, Benzyl und Phenyläthylreste ihrerseits wieder beispielsweise durch Chlor, Nitro oder Hydroxy substituiert sein können.
- Alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which in turn can be substituted, for example, by chlorine, nitro or cyano; optionally substituted alkenyl radicals having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; Hydroxy, alkoxy preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Amino, monoalkyl- and dialkylamino with preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms per alkyl radical; Mercapto, alkylthio preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
- Carboxy, carbalkoxy with preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the sulfonic acid group, alkylsulfonyl with preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, arylsulfonyl, preferably phenylsulfonyl; Aminosulfonyl, alkylamino and dialkylaminosulfonyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms per alkyl group, preferably methyl and dimethylaminosulfonyl; Nitro, cyan or the aldehyde group; Alkylcarbonylamino preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Alkylcarbonyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzoyl, benzylcarbonyl and phenylethylcarbonyl, where the latter alkyl, phenyl, benzyl and phenylethyl radicals in turn can in turn be substituted, for example, by chlorine, nitro or hydroxy.
Die heterocyclischen Reste R1 sind bevorzugt von heteroparaffinischen, heteroaromatischen oder heteroolefinischen 5- oder 6-gliedrigen Ringen mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 gleichen oder verschiedenen Heteroatomen abgeleitet. Als Heteroatome stehen Sauerstoff, Schwefel oder Stickstoff. Diese Ringsysteme können weitere Substituenten wie beispielsweise Hydroxy-, Amino- oder C1-C4-Alkylgruppen tragen oder an sie können Benzolkerne oder weitere vorzugsweise 6-gliedrige heterocyclische Ringe der genannten Art annelliert sein.The heterocyclic radicals R 1 are preferably derived from heteroparaffinic, heteroaromatic or heteroolefinic 5- or 6-membered rings with preferably 1 to 3 identical or different heteroatoms. The heteroatoms are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. These ring systems can carry further substituents such as, for example, hydroxyl, amino or C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups, or benzene nuclei or further preferably 6-membered heterocyclic rings of the type mentioned can be fused to them.
Besonders bevorzugte heterocyclische Reste leiten sich beispielsweise von Furan, Pyran, Pyrrolidin, Piperidin, Pyrazol, Imidazol, Pyrimidin, Pyridazin, Pyrazin, Triazin, Pyrrol, Pyridin, Benzimidazol, Chinolin, Isochinolin oder Purin ab.Particularly preferred heterocyclic radicals are derived, for example, from furan, pyran, pyrrolidine, piperidine, pyrazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, triazine, pyrrole, pyridine, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline or purine.
In den Verbindungen der Formel I steht R2 vorzugsweise für -H, -OH, -SO3H, -CN, -CH2NH2, -CH2NH-(C1-C14-Alkyl),
Es wurde gefunden, daß die neuen Verbindungen der Formel I potente Inhibitoren für a-Glucosidasen, insbesondere für Disaccharidasen sind. Daher sind die neuen Verbindungen wertvolle Mittel zur Beeinflussung einer Vielzahl von Stoffwechselvorgängen und bereichern somit den Arzneimittelschatz. Gegenüber dem aus der DT-OS 2 656 602 bekannten 2-Hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidin weisen die neuen Verbindungen vorteilhafte therapeutische Eigenschaften auf.It has been found that the new compounds of the formula I are potent inhibitors for a-glucosidases, in particular for disaccharidases. Therefore, the new compounds are valuable means of influencing a variety of metabolic processes and thus enrich the pharmaceutical treasure. Compared to the 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine known from DT-OS 2 656 602, the new compounds have advantageous therapeutic properties.
Weiterhin wurde gefunden, daß man Verbindungen der Formel I erhält, wenn man in Verbindungen der Formel II oder IIa ,
- R1 und R3 die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben,
- durch vorsichtige Säurehydrolyse die Isopropyliden- oder Cyclohexylidenschutzgruppe entfernt, wobei es gegebenenfalls zweckmäßig ist, die Verbindungen der Formel I in der Form von Addukten der schwefligen Säure oder der Blausäure abzufangen (R2= SO3H oder CN). Aus dem Bisulfitadditionsprodukten werden die Verbindungen der Formel I mit R2 = OH durch Behandlung mit Basen, vorzugsweise Erdalkalihydroxiden wie Ca(OH)2, oder Sr(OH)2, insbesondere aber Ba(OH)a in Freiheit gesetzt. Durch Umsetzung mit Wasserstoff-Donor-Reduktionsmitteln wie beipsielsweise NaBH4 werden aus den Verbindungen der Formel I mit R2 = OH die Verbindungen der Formel I mit Ra= H gewonnen.
- R 1 and R 3 have the meaning given above,
- the isopropylidene or cyclohexylidene protective group is removed by careful acid hydrolysis, it possibly being expedient to trap the compounds of the formula I in the form of adducts of sulfurous acid or hydrocyanic acid (R 2 = SO 3 H or CN). The compounds of the formula I with R 2 = OH are liberated from the bisulfite addition products by treatment with bases, preferably alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as Ca (OH) 2 or Sr (OH) 2 , but in particular Ba (OH) a . By reaction with hydrogen donor reducing agents such as NaBH 4 , the compounds of the formula I with R a = H are obtained from the compounds of the formula I with R 2 = OH.
Weiterhin wurde gefunden, daß man Verbindungen der Formel I erhält, wenn man die Verbindungen der Formel I mit R2 = OH in an sich bekannter Weise mit Blausäure zu Verbindungen der Formel I mit R2= CN umsetzt und gegebenenfalls aus diesen durch katalytische Hydrierung der Nitrilgruppe Verbindungen mit R2= -CH2NH2 erhält und die Aminogruppe gegebenenfalls in an sich bekannter Weise zu Verbindungen, bei denen R2= R'CONCH2-, R'CONR''CH2-, NHft'CH2-, NR'R"-CHa- oder R'SO2NHCH2- ist, acyliert, alkyliert oder sulfonyliert.Furthermore, it was found that compounds of the formula I are obtained if the compounds of the formula I with R 2 = OH are reacted in a manner known per se with hydrocyanic acid to give compounds of the formula I with R 2 = CN and, if appropriate, from these by catalytic hydrogenation of the Nitrile group compounds with R 2 = -CH 2 NH 2 and the amino group optionally in a manner known per se to give compounds in which R 2 = R'CONCH 2 -, R'CONR''CH 2 -, NHft'CH 2 -, NR ' R "-CHa or R'SO 2 NHCH 2 - is acylated, alkylated or sulfonylated.
Die Verbindungen der Formel I, bei denen R2 -OR', -SH, -SR', -NHa, -NHR' oder -NR'R" ist, können erhalten werden, indem man Verbindungen der Formel I mit R2 = -OH in an sich bekannter Weise mit Alkoholen (R'OH), H2S, Mercaptanen (R'SH), Ammoniak oder Aminen (H2NR', HNR'R" ) umsetzt.The compounds of formula I in which R 2 is -OR ', -SH, -SR', -NH a , -NHR 'or -NR'R "can be obtained by using compounds of formula I with R 2 = -OH in a manner known per se with alcohols (R'OH), H 2 S, mercaptans (R'SH), ammonia or amines (H 2 NR ', HNR'R ").
Die Verbindungen der Formel I, bei denen R2 -COOH ist, werden erhalten, indem man Verbindungen der Formel I mit Ra= -CN in an sich bekannter Weise hydrolysiert. Aus den so erhaltenen Carbonsäuren lassen sich in an sich bekannter Weise Verbindungen der Formel I mit Ra= -COOR' durch Umsetzung mit Alkoholen (R'OH), Verbindungen der Formel I mit Ra= -CONHR' oder -CONR'R" oder -CONH2 durch Aminolyse der Ester mit NH3 , R'NH2 bzw. R'R" NH erhalten.The compounds of formula I in which R 2 is -COOH are obtained by hydrolyzing compounds of formula I with R a = -CN in a manner known per se. From the carboxylic acids thus obtained, compounds of the formula I with R a = -COOR 'can be prepared in a manner known per se by reaction with alcohols (R'OH), compounds of the formula I with R a = -CONHR' or -CONR'R " or -CONH 2 obtained by aminolysis of the esters with NH 3 , R'NH 2 or R'R "NH.
Verbindungen der Formel I mit Ra= -OH können auch erhalten werden, wenn man Verbindungen der Formel II in einem Reaktionsschritt A mit Trifluoracetanhydrid zu Verbindungen der Formel III umsetzt und dann im Reaktionsschritt B durch Säurehydrolyse die Isopropylidenschutzgruppe abspaltet und anschließend im Schritt C im neutralen bis alkalischen Reaktionsmedium die Trifluoracetylgruppe der Verbindung IV entfernt.Compounds of the formula I with R a = -OH can also be obtained if compounds of the formula II are reacted with trifluoroacetic anhydride to give compounds of the formula III in a reaction step A and then the isopropylidene protective group is split off in reaction step B by acid hydrolysis and then in step C in the neutral state until the alkaline reaction medium removes the trifluoroacetyl group of compound IV.
Die angegebene Reaktionsfolge läßt sich wie folgt veranschaulichen:
- R4 für Trifluoracetyl und
- R5 für Trifluoracetyl oder Wasserstoff.
- R 4 for trifluoroacetyl and
- R 5 for trifluoroacetyl or hydrogen.
Diese Reaktionsfolge läßt sich analog auf Verbindungen der Formel IIa übertragen.This reaction sequence can be transferred analogously to compounds of the formula IIa.
Es wurde auch gefunden, daß man Verbindungen der Formel I mit R2= H erhält, wenn man Verbindungen der Formel V
Ferner erhält man Verbindungen der Formel I mit R2= H, wenn man Amide der Formel VII
Ein weiteres Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbindungen der Formel I mit Ra= H besteht darin, daß man Verbindungen der Formel V mit reaktiven Alkylierungsmitteln der Formel IX
Des weiteren erhält man Verbindungen der Formel I, wenn man beispielsweise in Verbindungen der Formel I mit R3= -CH2OH die -CH2 OH-Gruppe selektiv in an sich bekannter Weise in eine
Verbindungen der Formel I, in denen R1 ein durch eine Acylamino-, Sulfonylamino-, Alkoxycarbonylamino-, Ureido-oder eine Thioureidogruppe substituierter aliphatischer oder aromatischer Rest ist, erhält man ausgehend von Verbindungen der Formel I, in denen R1 ein durch eine Aminogruppe substituierter aliphatischer oder aromatischer Rest ist, durch Umsetzung dieser Aminogruppe mit Carbonsäure- oder Sulfonsäurechloriden, mit Chlorkohlensäureestern, Isocyanaten oder Senfölen in an sich bekannter Weise.Compounds of the formula I in which R 1 is an aliphatic or aromatic radical substituted by an acylamino, sulfonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, ureido or a thiourido group are obtained from compounds of the formula I in which R 1 is an by an amino group Substituted aliphatic or aromatic radical is, by reaction of this amino group with carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid chlorides, with chlorocarbonic acid esters, isocyanates or mustard oils in a manner known per se.
Die einzelnen Verfahrensweisen zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe werden im folgenden veranschaulicht:
- Verwendet man als Ausgangsstoff eine Verbindung der Formel II mit R1= Aethyl, so läßt sich der Reaktionsablauf wie folgt wiedergeben:
- If a compound of formula II with R 1 = ethyl is used as the starting material, the course of the reaction can be represented as follows:
Mit 1-Desoxynojirimycin der Formel V und Formaldehyd als Ausgangsstoffen ergibt sich folgendes Formelschema:
Mit Benzaldehyd als Carbonylkompoennte wird die reduktive Alkylierung wie folgt durchgeführt:
Geht man von Säureamiden der Formel VII aus,so läßt sich die Reaktion wie folgt beschreiben:
Urethane der Formel VIII - gegebenenfalls als mit Hydroxylschutzgruppen versehene Derivate - lassen sich mit LiAIH4 zum N-Methyl-l-desoxynojirimycin reduzieren:
Für die Reaktion von 1-Desoxynojirimycin mit Alkylierungsmitteln sei die Reaktion mit Allylbromid als Beispiel angegeben:
Die als Ausgangsstoffe verwendeten Verbindungen der Formel II sind zum Teil bekannt. Dies ist der Fall, wenn R3= H, -CH2OH oder -CH2NH2 und R,= H ist. Andere Verbindungen der Formel II bzw. IIa sind neu; sie können aber nach an sich bekannten Verfahren aus literaturbekannten Verbindungen hergestellt werden.Some of the compounds of the formula II used as starting materials are known. This is the case when R 3 = H, -CH 2 OH or -CH 2 NH 2 and R, = H. Other compounds of formula II and IIa are new; however, they can be prepared from known compounds from processes known per se.
So kann man beispielsweise von der literaturbekannten Verbindung der Formel X
Des weiteren kann man die Verbindung X mit reaktiven Säurederivaten zu Säureamiden oder Urethanen umsetzen und diese mit einem Amid-Reduktionsmittel zu Aminen reduzieren.Furthermore, the compound X can be reacted with reactive acid derivatives to give acid amides or urethanes and these can be reduced to amines with an amide reducing agent.
Dies sei an einem Beispiel veranschaulicht:
Die Verbindung der Formel X kann man auch mit reaktiven Alkylierungsmitteln der Formel IX
Des weiteren kann man auch in die oben erwähnten Reaktionen anstelle der Verbindung X bekannte partiell geschützte Derivate der Formel XI einsetzen.
Des weiteren kann man neue Verbindungen der Formel II bzw. IIa auch erhalten, indem man die literaturbekannten Abbauprodukte der D-Glucose der Formeln XIV bis XVI
Die Entfernung der Benzylschutzgruppe durch katalytische Hydrierung oder mit Na in flüssigem NHs liefert dann die Verbindungen der Formel II.The removal of the benzyl protective group by catalytic hydrogenation or with Na in liquid NH s then provides the compounds of the formula II.
Verbindungen der Formel XIX erhält man, wenn man die Aldehyde der Formeln XIV bis XVI in an sich bekannter Weise mit Aminen und Blausäure zu Aminonitrilen umsetzt, beispielsweise XVI zu XIX
Die Umsetzung von XIV bis XVI mit CH-aciden Verbindungen wie beispielsweise Nitroalkanen, Alkylnitrilen, CH-aciden Estern oder Ketonen kann ebenfalls zu Verbindungen der Formel II führen. Dabei erhält man entweder direkt oder durch Dehydratisierung der Aldoladditionsprodukte ungesättigte Verbindungen beispielsweise der Formel XX,
Die Abspaltung der Isopropylidenschutzgruppe aus den Verbindungen der Formel II erfolgt in mäßig stark saurer bis schwach saurer Lösung, bevorzugt in einem pH-Bereich zwischen 1 und 4, in wäßriger Lösung oder in einem mit Wasser mischbaren, wasserhaltigen organischen Lösungsmittel. Als Säuren können verdünnte Mineralsäuren wie beispielsweise Schwefelsäure oder auch organische Säuren wie Essigsäure verwendet werden. Die Reaktion wird bevorzugt bei Atmosphärendruck und einer Temperatur zwischen Raumtemperatur und der Siedetemperatur des Lösungsmittels durchgeführt.The isopropylidene protecting group is split off from the compounds of the formula II in moderately strongly acidic to weakly acidic solution, preferably in a pH range between 1 and 4, in aqueous solution or in a water-miscible, water-containing organic solvent. Diluted mineral acids such as sulfuric acid or organic acids such as acetic acid can be used as acids. The reaction is preferably carried out at atmospheric pressure and a temperature between room temperature and the boiling point of the solvent.
Zur Aufarbeitung des Reaktionsansatzes wird die Säure neutralisiert und als Salz oder mit Hilfe eines basischen Ionenaustauschers abgetrennt. Die Isolierung der Verbindungen der Formel I mit Ra=OH erfolgt dann gegebenenfalls durch ein schonendes Entfernen des Lösungsmittels, beispielsweise durch Lyophilisation.To work up the reaction mixture, the acid is neutralized and separated off as a salt or with the aid of a basic ion exchanger. The compounds of the formula I with R a = OH are then isolated, if appropriate, by gentle removal of the solvent, for example by lyophilization.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Abspaltung der Isopropylidenschutzgruppe aus Verbindungen der Formel II besteht darin, daß man die wäßrige oder wasserhaltige alkoholische Lösung der Verbindungen der Formel II mit SC, sättigt und mehrere Tage bei Temperaturen zwischen 20° urd 50°C aufbewahrt. Die Verbindungen der Formel 1 fallen dann als reist gut kristallisierende Bisulfitaddukte (R2= -SO3H) an, aus denen sich die Verbindungen der Formel I mit Hilfe von z.B. wäßrigem Ba(OH)2 freisetzen lassen.A preferred embodiment of the cleavage of the isopropylidene protecting group from compounds of the formula II consists in saturating the aqueous or water-containing alcoholic solution of the compounds of the formula II with SC, and storing at temperatures between 20 ° and 50 ° C. for several days. The compounds of formula 1 then accumulate as well crystallizing bisulfite adducts (R 2 = -SO 3 H), from which the compounds of formula I can be released with the aid of, for example, aqueous Ba (OH) 2 .
Die Reduktion von Verbindungen der Formel I mit R2=OH zu Verbindungen der Formel I mit Ra=H erfolgt durch Verwendung von Alkalimetallborhydriden, Alkalimetallcyanoborhydriden oder auch von Dialkylaminoboranen. Bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von Natriumborhydrid in wäßriger Lösung oder in einem mit Wasser mischbaren wasserhaltigen organischen Lösungsmittel, wie beispielsweise Dioxan, bei Raumtemperatur oder gegebenenfalls erhöhter Temperatur. Ganz besonders bevorzugt erfolgt die Reduktion jedoch katalytisch mit Pt oder Pd als Katalysator oder in Gegenwart von Raney-Ni. Dabei arbeitet man bevorzugt in wäßriger Lösung bei Raumtemperatur.The reduction of compounds of the formula I with R 2 = OH to compounds of the formula I with R a = H is carried out using alkali metal borohydrides, alkali metal cyanoborohydrides or dialkylaminoboranes. It is preferred to use sodium borohydride in aqueous solution or in a water-miscible water-containing organic solvent, such as, for example, dioxane, at room temperature or, if appropriate, at elevated temperature. However, the reduction is very particularly preferably carried out catalytically using Pt or Pd as the catalyst or in the presence of Raney-Ni. It is preferred to work in aqueous solution at room temperature.
Verbindungen der Formel I werden weiterhin dadurch erhalten, daß man Verbindungen der Formel
Die Verbindungen der Formel XXI werden erhalten, indem man Ver- r bindungen der Formel
Das Ausgangsprodukt der Formel V mit R3= -CH2OH ist bekannt und wird entweder durch katalytische Hydrierung aus dem durch Fermentation erhältlichen Nojirimycin [s. S.INOUYE et.al., Tetrahedron 23, 2125-2144 (1968)] oder durch Extraktion aus Maulbeerbaumrinde (s. DT-OS 2 656 602) oder aber vollsynthetisch gewonnen. Nach einen neuen vorteilhaften Verfahren kann man 1-Desoxynojirimycin auch dadurch herstellen, daß man Organismen der Familie Bacillaceae in üblichen Nährlösungen bei Temperaturen von etwa 15 bis etwa 80°C etwa 1 bis etwa 8 Tage unter Belüftung in üblichen Fermentationsgefäßen kultiviert, die Zellen abschleudert und die Dcsoxyverbindung aus der Kulturbrühe oder den Zellextrakten durch übliche Reinigungsverfahren isoliert [Deutsche Patentanmeldung P 26 58 563.7 - (Le A 17 58717.The starting product of the formula V with R 3 = -CH 2 OH is known and is obtained either by catalytic hydrogenation from the nojirimycin [s. S.INOUYE et.al., Tetrahedron 23, 2125-2144 (1968)] or by extraction Mulberry bark (see DT-OS 2 656 602) or obtained entirely synthetically. According to a new advantageous method, 1-deoxynojirimycin can also be prepared by cultivating organisms of the Bacillaceae family in conventional nutrient solutions at temperatures of about 15 to about 80 ° C. for about 1 to about 8 days with aeration in conventional fermentation vessels, spinning off the cells and the Dcsoxyverbindung isolated from the culture broth or the cell extracts by conventional purification methods [German Patent Application P 26 58 563.7 - (Le A 17 58717.
Die Carbonylverbindungen der Formel VI sind entweder bekannt oder können nach Standardverfahren hergestellt werden.The carbonyl compounds of formula VI are either known or can be prepared by standard methods.
Als typische Beispiele seien im einzelnen genannt:
- Gerad- oder verzweigtkettige Alkylaldehyde wie Formald ehyd, Acetaldehyd, n-Propanal, n-Butanal, 2-Methylpropanal, n-Pentanal, 2-Methylbutanai, 3-Methylbutanal, 2,2-Dimethylpropanal, n-Hexanal, 2-Äthylbutanal, n-Heptanal und n-Octanal; Alkenylaldehyde wie Propenal, 2-Methylpropenal, 2-Butenal, 2-Methyl-2-butenal, 2-Äthyl-2-hexenal; Cyclische Aldehyds wie Cyclopropancarbaldehyd, Cyclopentancarbaldehyd, Cyclopentancetaldehyd, Cyclohexancarbaldehyd; Benzaldehyd, o-, m- und p-toluolcarbaldehyde und Phenylacetaldehyd; durch Hydroxy substituierte gerad-und verzweigtkettige Alkylaldehyde wie 5-Hydroxypentanal, 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanal, 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropanal, 4-Hydroxybutanal, 2-Hydroxypropanal und 8-hydroxyoctanal;
- durch Amino substituierte gerad- und verzweigtkettige Alkylaldehyde wie 5-Aminopentanal, 2-Aminopropanal, 3-Aminopropanal, 4-Aminobutanal, 2-Amino-3-methylbutanal, 8-Aminocctanal und mono-N-Alkylderivate davon; und durch Amino und Hydroxy disubstituierte gerad- und verzweigtkettige Alkylaldehyde wie 2-Hydroxy-5-aminopentanal, 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-4-aminobutanal, 2-Hydroxy-4-aminobutanal, 2-Hydroxy-3-aminopropanal, 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-aminopropanal, 2- Amino-3-hydroxyoctanal und mono-N-Alkylderivate davon.
- Straight or branched chain alkyl aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, n-propanal, n-butanal, 2-methylpropanal, n-pentanal, 2-methylbutanai, 3-methylbutanal, 2,2-dimethylpropanal, n-hexanal, 2-ethylbutanal, n -Heptanal and n-octanal; Alkenyl aldehydes such as propenal, 2-methylpropenal, 2-butenal, 2-methyl-2-butenal, 2-ethyl-2-hexenal; Cyclic aldehydes such as cyclopropanecarbaldehyde, cyclopentanecarbaldehyde, cyclopentanecetaldehyde, cyclohexanecarbaldehyde; Benzaldehyde, o-, m- and p-toluenecarbaldehydes and phenylacetaldehyde; straight-chain and branched-chain alkyl aldehydes substituted by hydroxy, such as 5-hydroxypentanal, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanal, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal, 4-hydroxybutanal, 2-hydroxypropanal and 8-hydroxyoctanal;
- straight-chain and branched-chain alkyl aldehydes substituted by amino such as 5-aminopentanal, 2-aminopropanal, 3-aminopropanal, 4-aminobutanal, 2-amino-3-methylbutanal, 8-aminocctanal and mono-N-alkyl derivatives thereof; and straight and branched chain disubstituted by amino and hydroxy Alkyl aldehydes such as 2-hydroxy-5-aminopentanal, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-aminobutanal, 2-hydroxy-4-aminobutanal, 2-hydroxy-3-aminopropanal, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-aminopropanal, 2-amino-3-hydroxyoctanal and mono-N-alkyl derivatives thereof.
Des weiteren:
- Methoxy-acetaldehyd, Aethoxy-acetaldehyd, n-Propoxy-acetaldehyd, i-Fropoxy-acetaldehyd, n-Butoxy-acetaldehyd, i-Butcxy-acetaldehyd, tert.-Butoxy-acetaldehyd, Cyclopropylmethyloxy-acetaldehyd Cyclopropoxyacetaldehyd, 2-Methoxy-äthoxy-acetaldehyd, 2-Aethoxy-äthoxy-acetaldehyd, 2-Methoxy(1-methyl-äthoxy)-acetaldehyd, 2-Aethoxy(1-methyl-äthoxy)-acetaldehyd, Fhenyloxyacetaldehyd, 2-Methoxy-2-methyl-acetaldehyd, 2-Aethoxy-2-cethyl- acetaldehyd, 2-n-Propoxy-2-oethyl-acetaldehyd, 2-(i-Propoxy-) 2-methyl-acetaldehyd, 2-(n-Butoxy)-2-methyl-acetaldehyd, 2-(i-Butoxy)-2-methyl-acetaldehyd, 2-(tert.-Butoxy)2-methyl-acetaldehyd, 2-Cyclopropylmethyloxy-2-methyl-acetaldshyd, 2-Cyclopropyloxy-2-msthyl-acetaldehyd, 2-Methoxy-äthoxy-α-methyl-acetaldehyd, 2-Aethoxy-äthoxy-α-methyl-acetaldehyd, 2-Methoxy-(1-methyl-äthoxy)a-methyl-acetaldehyd, 2-Methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-acetaldehyd, 2-Aethoxy-2,2-dimethyl- acetaldehyd, 2-Cyclopropylmethyloxy-acetaldehyd, 2-ω -Butoxy-2,2-dimethyl-acetaldehyd,
- Methylthio-acetaldehyd, Aethylthio-acetaldehyd, n-Propylthio-acetaldehyd, i-Propylthio-acetaldehyd, Cyclopropylmethylthio-acetaldehyd, 3-Methoxy-propanal, 3-Aethoxypropanal, 3-n- und 3-i-propoxy-propanal, 3-n-,3-i- und 3-tert.-Butoxy-propanal, 3-Cyclopropyloxy-propanal, 3-Cyclopropylmethyloxy-propanal, 3-Methoxy-3-methyl-propanal, 3-Aethoxy-3-methyl-propanal, 3-n- und 3-i-propoxy-3-methylpropanal, 3-n-, 3-1- und 3-tert.-Butoxy-3-methyl-propanal 2,3 und 4-Methoxy-butanal, 2,3 und 4-Aethcxy-butanal, 2-Methylthio-propanal, 2-Aethylthio-propanal, 3-Methylthio-propanal, 3-Aethylthio-propanal, 2-Methylthio-butanal, 3-Methylthio-butanal, 4-Methylthio-butanal, Furfurol, Tetrahydrofurfurol, Thiophen, 5-Bromthiophen, 5-Methylfurfurol, Pyran-carbaldehyd.
- Methoxy-acetaldehyde, ethoxy-acetaldehyde, n-propoxy-acetaldehyde, i-fropoxy-acetaldehyde, n-butoxy-acetaldehyde, i-butoxy-acetaldehyde, tert-butoxy-acetaldehyde, cyclopropylmethyloxy-acetaldehyde, cyclopropoxyacetaldehyde, 2-methoxy-ethoxy acetaldehyde, 2-ethoxy-ethoxy-acetaldehyde, 2-methoxy (1-methyl-ethoxy) -acetaldehyde, 2-ethoxy (1-methyl-ethoxy) -acetaldehyde, fhenyloxyacetaldehyde, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2- Ethoxy-2-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2-n-propoxy-2-ethyl-acetaldehyde, 2- (i-propoxy-) 2-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2- (n-butoxy) -2-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2- (i-butoxy) -2-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2- (tert-butoxy) 2-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2-cyclopropylmethyloxy-2-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2-cyclopropyloxy-2-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2-methoxy- ethoxy-α-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2-ethoxy-ethoxy-α-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2-methoxy- (1-methyl-ethoxy) a-methyl-acetaldehyde, 2-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-acetaldehyde, 2 -Ethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-acetaldehyde, 2-cyclopropylmethyloxy-acetaldehyde, 2-ω-butoxy-2,2-dimethyl-acetaldehyde,
- Methylthio-acetaldehyde, ethylthio-acetaldehyde, n-propylthio-acetaldehyde, i-propylthio-acetaldehyde, cyclopropylmethylthio-acetaldehyde, 3-methoxy-propanal, 3-ethoxypropanal, 3-n- and 3-i-propoxy-propanal, 3-n -, 3-i- and 3-tert-butoxy-propanal, 3-cyclopropyloxy-propanal, 3-cyclopropylmethyloxy-propanal, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-propanal, 3-ethoxy-3-methyl-propanal, 3- n- and 3-i-propoxy-3-methylpropanal, 3-n-, 3-1- and 3-tert-butoxy-3-methyl-propanal 2,3 and 4-methoxy-butanal, 2,3 and 4 -Aethcxy-butanal, 2-methylthio-propanal, 2-ethylthio-propanal, 3-methylthio-propanal, 3-ethylthio-propanal, 2-methylthio-butanal, 3-methylthio-butanal, 4-methylthio-butanal, furfurol, tetrahydrofurfurol , Thiophene, 5-bromothiophene, 5-methylfurfurol, pyran carbaldehyde.
Außerdem seien als Ketone beispielsweise genannt:
- Aceton, Methyläthylketon, Methyl-n-propylketon, Diäthylketon, Methylbutylketon, Cyclopentanon, Di-n-propyl-keton, Cyclohexanon, 3-Methylcyclohexanon, 4-Methylcyclohexanon, Acetophenon, Propiophenon, Butyrophenon, Phenylaceton, p-Methoxyacetophenon, m-Nitroacetophenon.
- Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, cyclopentanone, di-n-propyl ketone, cyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, 4-methylcyclohexanone, acetophenone, propiophenone, butyrophenone, phenylacetone, p-methoxyachenophenone.
Als Wasserstoff-Donor-Reduktionsmittel kann man beispielsweise Ameisensäure verwcnden (Leuckart-Wallach-Reaktion). Die Ameisensäure wird in großem Ueberschuß verwendet. Mit Formaldehyd als Carbonylkomponente kann die Reaktion in wä3riger Lösung durchgeführt werden, mit Ketonen und weniger reaktionsfähigen Aldehyden in wasserfreier Ameisensäure. Die Reaktionstemperaturen liegen zwischen 100 und 200°C, gegebenenfalls muß die Reaktion in einem Autoklaven durchgeführt werden.For example, formic acid can be used as the hydrogen donor reducing agent (Leuckart-Wallach reaction). The formic acid is used in large excess. With formaldehyde as the carbonyl component, the reaction can be carried out in aqueous solution, with ketones and less reactive aldehydes in anhydrous formic acid. The reaction temperatures are between 100 and 200 ° C, if necessary the reaction must be carried out in an autoclave.
Als Wasserstoff-Donor-Reduktionsmittel kann man auch katalytisch erregten Wasserstoff verwenden. Als Katalysator kommt vor allem Raney-Nickel in Frage, es können aber auch Edelmetallkatalysatoren Verwendung finden. Die Reaktion wird im allgemeinen bei Drucken zwischen 80 und 150 Atmosphären H=-Druck und Temperaturen zwischen 70 und 150°C durchgeführt. Als Lösungsmittel werden protische, polare Lösungsmittel besonders Alkohole bevorzugt.Catalytically excited hydrogen can also be used as the hydrogen donor reducing agent. Raney nickel is the most suitable catalyst, but noble metal catalysts can also be used. The reaction is generally carried out at pressures between 80 and 150 atmospheres H = pressure and temperatures between 70 and 150 ° C. Protic, polar solvents, especially alcohols, are preferred as solvents.
Als Wasserstoff-Donor-Reduktionsmittel werden auch Alkalimetallcyanoborhydride, Dialkylaminoborane und Alkalimetallborhydride verwendet. Besonders bevorzugt in dieser Verfahrensvariante ist die Verwendung von Natriumcyanoborhydrid.Alkali metal cyanoborohydrides, dialkylaminoboranes and alkali metal borohydrides are also used as hydrogen donor reducing agents. The use of sodium cyanoborohydride is particularly preferred in this process variant.
Die Reaktion wird im allgemeinen bei Raumtemperatur durchgeführt. Es kann aber auch günstig sein, auf Rückflußtemperatur zu erhitzen.The reaction is generally carried out at room temperature. However, it can also be advantageous to heat to the reflux temperature.
Das Verfahren wird üblicherweise in einem inerten Lösungsmittel durchgeführt. Obwohl wasserfreie aprotische Lösungsmittel eingesetzt werden können (z.B. Tetrahydrofuran, wenn das Reduktionsmittel Morpholinoboran ist), wird gewöhnlich doch ein protisches Lösungsmittel verwendet. Als solches eignet sich besonders ein niederes Alkanol. Es kann aber auch Wasser oder ein wäßriges niedriges Alkanol (z.B. wäßriges Methanol oder Aethanol) oder andere wäßrige Lösungsmittelsysteme, wie z.B. wäßriges Dimethylformamid, wäßriges Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid, wäßriges Tetrahydrofuran oder wäßriger Aethylenglycoldimethyläther verwendet werden.The process is usually carried out in an inert solvent. Although anhydrous aprotic solvents can be used (e.g. tetrahydrofuran if the reducing agent is morpholinoborane), a protic solvent is usually used. A lower alkanol is particularly suitable as such. However, water or an aqueous lower alkanol (e.g. aqueous methanol or ethanol) or other aqueous solvent systems such as e.g. aqueous dimethylformamide, aqueous hexamethylphosphoric triamide, aqueous tetrahydrofuran or aqueous ethylene glycol dimethyl ether can be used.
Das Verfahren wird gewöhnlich in einem pH-Bereich von 1 bis 11 durchgeführt, bevorzugt ist ein pH-Bereich zwischen 4 und 7.The process is usually carried out in a pH range from 1 to 11, a pH range between 4 and 7 is preferred.
Die Säureamide der Formel VII und Urethane der Formel VIII sind zum Teil bekannt oder können nach bekannten Verfahren aus Verbindung V und reaktiven Säurederivaten, die auch in situ aus den freien Säuren gebildet werden können, erhalten werden.Some of the acid amides of the formula VII and urethanes of the formula VIII are known or can be obtained by known processes from compound V and reactive acid derivatives which can also be formed in situ from the free acids.
Dabei kann die Reaktion so geführt werden, daß nur die Aminogruppe der Verbindung V mit dem Säurederivat reagiert, beispielsweise durch Verwendung überschüssigen Säureanhydrids in einer wäßrigen oder alkoholischen Lösung oder aber so, daß zunächst die peracylierten Verbindungen entstehen, die dann durch Umsetzung mit alkoholischem Ammoniak oder durch Alkalialkcholat katalysierte Umesterung in die N-acylierten Verbindungen überführt werden. Letzteres Verfahren sei an einem Beispiel erläutert:
Die Reduktion der Säure&mide der Formel II zu Aminen der Formel I (R = H) kann mit komplexen Metallhydriden oder auch nit Borwasserstoffverbindungen erfolgen. Bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von NaBH4 in Pyridin oder auch von Natriumacyloxyborhydriden, besonders die von Natriumtrifluoracetoxyborhydrid. Die Reduktionsmittel werden in der Regel im Ueberschuß eingesetzt. Natriumtrifluoracetoxyborhydrid wird in situ aus Natriumborhydrid und Trifluoressigsäure erzeugt. Als Lösungsmittel kommen neben Pyridin polare aprotische Lösungsmittel wie Dioxan, Tetrahydrofuran oder Diglyme in Frage. Die Reaktion wird bevorzugt Lei der Siedetemperatur des Lösungsmittels durchgeführt. Gegebenenfalls kann auch LiAlH, zur Reduktion verwendet werden, bevorzugt dann, wenn die Hydroxylgruppen vorher auf üblichem Wege geschützt werden.The reduction of the acid & mide of the formula II to amines of the formula I (R = H) can be carried out using complex metal hydrides or also using boron hydrogen compounds. Preference is given to using NaBH 4 in pyridine or else sodium acyloxyborohydrides, especially sodium trifluoroacetoxyborohydride. The reducing agents are usually used in excess. Sodium trifluoroacetoxyborohydride is generated in situ from sodium borohydride and trifluoroacetic acid. In addition to pyridine, suitable solvents are polar aprotic solvents such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or diglyme. The reaction is preferably carried out at the boiling point of the solvent. Optionally, LiAlH can also be used for the reduction, preferably if the hydroxyl groups are previously protected in the usual way.
Die reaktiven Alkylierungsmittel der Formel IX sind bekannt oder können nach gängigen Verfahren hergestellt werden. Die Umsetzung mit der Verbindung V erfolgt in inerten organischen Lösungsmitteln bei Raum- bis Siedetemperatur mit oder ohne Zusatz eines säurebindenden Mittels.The reactive alkylating agents of the formula IX are known or can be prepared by customary processes. The reaction with the compound V takes place in inert organic solvents at room to boiling temperature with or without the addition of an acid-binding agent.
Als neue Wirkstoffe seien im einzelnen aufgeführt :
Verbindungen der Formel
Die nachstehend aufgeführten Beispiele umfassen bezüglich der Konfiguration am C-1-Atom sowohl a- als auch β-Form
Verbindungen der Formel
Die nachstehend aufgeführten Beispiele umfassen bezüglich der Konfiguration am C-1-Atom sowohl α- als auch β-Form
Verbindungen der Formel
Verbindungen der Formel
Verbindungen der Formel
Die erfindungsgemäßen Inhibitoren eignen sich als Therapeutica für folgende Indikationen:
- Prädiabetes, Gastritis, Obstipation, Karies, Infektionen des Gastro-rntestinaltraktes, Meteorismus, Flatulenz, Hypertension, Atheroskelerose und besonders Adipositas, Diabetes und Hyperlipoprotämie.
- Zur Verbreiterung des Wirkungsspektrums kann es sich empfehlen, Inhibitoren für Glycosidhydrolasen, die sich gegenseitig in ihrer Wirkung ergänzen,zu kombinieren, sei es, daß es sich un Kombinationen der erfindungsgemäßen Inhibitoren untereinander oder um Kombinationen der erfindungsgemäßen Inhibitoren mit bereits bekannten handelt. So kann es beispielsweise zweckmäßig sein, erfindungsgemäße Saccharase-Inhibitoren mit bereits bekannten Acylase-Inhibitoren zu kombinieren.
- Prediabetes, gastritis, constipation, caries, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, meteorism, flatulence, hypertension, atheroskelerosis and especially obesity, diabetes and hyperlipoprotemia.
- To broaden the spectrum of activity, it may be advisable to combine inhibitors for glycoside hydrolases which complement one another in their action, be it that it is uncombinations of the inhibitors according to the invention with one another or combinations of the inhibitors according to the invention with those already known. For example, it may be appropriate to combine saccharase inhibitors according to the invention with already known acylase inhibitors.
Vorteilhaft sind in manchen Fällen auch Kombinationen der erfindungsgemäßen Inhibitoren mit bekannten oralen Antidiabetica (ß-cytotrope Sulfonylharnstoffderivate und/oder blutzuckerwirksame Biguanide) sowie mit blutlipid-senkenden Wirkstoffen wie z. B. Clofibrat, Nicotinsäure, Cholestyramin und andere.In some cases, combinations of the inhibitors according to the invention with known oral antidiabetics (β-cytotropic sulfonylurea derivatives and / or blood sugar-effective biguanides) and with blood lipid-lowering active ingredients such as, for example, B. clofibrate, nicotinic acid, cholestyramine and others.
Die Verbindungen können ohne Verdünnung, z. B. als Pulver oder in einer Gelatinehülle oder in Kombination mit einem Trägerstoff in einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung appliziert werden.The compounds can be used without dilution, e.g. B. as a powder or in a gelatin shell or in combination with a carrier in a pharmaceutical composition.
Pharmazeutische Zubereitungen können eine größere oder kleinere Menge des Inhibitors enthalten, z. B. 0,1 % bis 99,5 %, in Kombination mit einem pharmazeutisch verträglichen nichttoxischen, inerten Trägerstcff, wobei der Trägerstoff eine cder mehrere feste, halbfeste oder flüssige Verdünnungsmittel, Füllstoffe und/oder nichttoxisches, inertes und pharmazeutisch-verträgliches Formulierungshilfsmittel enthalten kann. Solche pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen liegen vorzugsweise in Form von Dosierungseinheiten vor, d. h. physikalisch-diskreten, eine bestimmte Menge des Inhibitors enthaltenden Einheiten, die einem Bruchteil oder einem Vielfachen der Dosis entsprechen, die zur Herbeiführung der gewünschten Hemmwirkung erforder lich sind Die Dosierungseinheiten können 1, 2, 3, 4 oder mehr Einzeldosen oder 1/2, 1/3 oder 1/4 einer Einzeldosis enthalten. Eine Einzeldosis enthält vorzugsweise eine genügende Menge Wirkstoff, um bei einer Applikation gemäß eines vorher bestimmten Dosierungsschemas einer oder mehrerer Dosierungseinheiten die gewünschte Hemmwirkung zu erzielen, wobei eine ganze, eine halbe, oder ein Drittel oder ein Viertel der Tagesdosis gewöhnlich zu allen, Haupt- und Nebenmahlzeiten am Tage verabreicht wird. Andere therapeutische Mittel können auch eingenommen werden. Obgleich die Dosierung und das Dosierungsschema in jedem Fall sorgsam abgewogen werden sollte, unter Anwendung gründlichen fachmännischen Urteils und unter Beachtung des Alters, des Gewichts und des Zustands des Patienten, der Art und der Schwere der Erkrankung, wird die Dosierung gewöhnlich in einem Bereich zwischen etwa 1 bis etwa 1 x 104 SIE/kg des Körpergewichtes pro Tag liegen. In manchen Fällen wird man dabei eine ausreichende therapeutische Wirkung mit einer geringeren Dosis erreichen, während in anderen Fällen eine größere Dosis erforderlich sein wird.Pharmaceutical preparations can contain a greater or lesser amount of the inhibitor, e.g. B. 0.1% to 99.5%, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic, inert carrier, the carrier being one or more solid, semi-solid or liquid diluent can contain agents, fillers and / or non-toxic, inert and pharmaceutically acceptable formulation auxiliaries. Such pharmaceutical preparations are preferably in the form of dosage units, ie physically discrete units containing a certain amount of the inhibitor, which correspond to a fraction or a multiple of the dose required to produce the desired inhibitory effect. The dosage units can be 1, 2, Contain 3, 4 or more single doses or 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 of a single dose. A single dose preferably contains a sufficient amount of active ingredient to achieve the desired inhibitory effect when administered in accordance with a predetermined dosage regimen of one or more dosage units, with a whole, half, or a third or a quarter of the daily dose usually being all, main and Side meals are administered during the day. Other therapeutic agents can also be taken. Although the dosage and dosage regimen should in any case be carefully weighed, using thorough professional judgment and taking into account the age, weight and condition of the patient, the nature and severity of the disease, the dosage will usually range between about 1 to about 1 x 10 4 SIE / kg of body weight per day. In some cases a sufficient therapeutic effect will be achieved with a lower dose, while in other cases a larger dose will be required.
Orale Applikation kann unter Verwendung fester und flüssiger Dosierungseinheiten durchgeführt werden, wie z. B. Pulver, Tabletten, Dragees, Kapseln, Granulate, Suspensionen, Lösungen und dergleichen.Oral application can be carried out using solid and liquid dosage units, such as. B. powders, tablets, dragees, capsules, granules, suspensions, solutions and the like.
Pulver wird durch Zerkleinerung der Substanz in einer geeigneten Größe und Vermischen mit einem ebenfalls zerkleinerten pharmazeutischen Trägerstoff hergestellt. Obgleich ein eßbares Kohlenhydrat, wie z. B. Stärke, Lactose, Saccharose oder Glucose normalerweise zu diesem Zwecke Verwendung findet und auch hier benutzt werden kann, ist es wünschenswert ein nicht metabolisierbares Kohlenhydrat, wie z. B. ein Cellulosederivat zu benutzen.Powder is produced by comminuting the substance into a suitable size and mixing it with a comminuted pharmaceutical carrier. Although an edible carbohydrate, such as. B. starch, lactose, sucrose or glucose is normally used for this purpose and can also be used here, it is desirable to have a non-metabolizable carbohydrate, such as. B. to use a cellulose derivative.
Süßmittel, Geschmackszusätze, Konservierungsstoffe, Dispergiermittel und Färbemittel können auch mitverwendet werden.Sweeteners, flavor additives, preservatives, dispersants and colorants can also be used.
Die Kapseln können durch Zubereitung der oben beschriebenen Pulvermischung und durch Füllung bereits gebildeter Gelatinehüllen hergestellt werden. Die Pulvermischung kann man vor dem Füllvorgang mit Gleitmitteln, wie z. B. Kieselgel, Talkum, Magnesiumstearat, Calciumstearat oder festea Polyäthylenglykol versetzen. Die Mischung kann man ebenfalls mit einem Desintegrator oder Lösungsvermittler, wie z. B. Agar-Agar, Calciumcarbonat oder Natriumcarbonat versetzen, um bei Einnahme der Kapsel die Zugänglichkeit des Inhibitors zu verbessern.The capsules can be produced by preparing the powder mixture described above and by filling gelatin shells that have already been formed. The powder mixture can be filled with lubricants such as z. B. silica gel, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate or festea polyethylene glycol. The mixture can also be used with a disintegrator or solubilizer, such as. B. agar agar, calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate to improve the accessibility of the inhibitor when taking the capsule.
Die Anfertigung der Tabletten erfolgt zum Beispiel durch Herstellung einer Pulvermischung, grob oder feinkörnig, und Hinzufügung eines Gleitmittels und Dasintegrators. Aus dieser Mischung formt man Tabletten. Eine Pulvermischung bereitet man vor durch Mischung der Substanz, welche in geeigneter Weise zerkleinert wurde und ergänzt ein Verdünnungsmittel oder eine andere Trägersubstanz wie oben beschreiben. Gegebenenfalls fügt man ein Bindemittel hinzu: z. B. Carobxymethylcellulese, Alginate, Gelatine oder Polyvinylpyrrolidone, einen Lösungsversögerer, wie z. B. Paraffin, einen Resorptionsbezchleuniger, wie z. B. ein quarternäres Salz und/oder ein Adsorptionsmittel, wie z. B. Bentonit, Kaolin oder Dicalciumphosphat, Die Pulvermischung kann granuliert werden zusammen mit einem Bindemittel, wie z. B. Sirup, Stärkepaste, Akazienschleim, oder Lösungen aus Zellulose- oder Polymerenmaterialien. Danach preßt man das Produkt durch ein grobes Sieb. Als Alternative hierzu kann man die Pulvermischung durch eine Tablettenmaschine laufen lassen und die sich ergebenden ungleichmäßig geformten Stücke bis auf Korngröße zerkleinern. Damit die entstandenen Körner nicht in den tablettorbildenden Düsen stecken bleiben, kann man sie mit einem Gleitmittel versetzen, wie z. B. Stearinsäure, Stearatsalz, Talkum oder Mineralöl. Diese gleitfähig gemachte Mischung wird dann in Tablettenform gepreßt. Die Wirkstoffe können auch mit freifließenden inerten Trägerstoffen vereinigt werden und direkt in Tablettenform gebracht werden unter Auslassung der Granulat-oder Zerstückelungsschritte. Man kann das Produkt nit einer klaren oder opaken Schutzhülle versehen, z. B. einen Überzug aus Schellack, einem Überzug aus Zucker oder Polymersubstanzen und einer polierten Hülle aus Wachs. Farbstoffe können diesen Überzügen beigefügt werden, damit zwischen den verschiedenen Dosierungseinheiten unterschieden werden kar-n.The tablets are made, for example, by producing a powder mixture, coarse or fine-grained, and adding a lubricant and disintegrator. This mixture is used to form tablets. A powder mixture is prepared by mixing the substance, which has been comminuted in a suitable manner, and supplementing a diluent or another carrier as described above. If necessary, add a binder: e.g. B. carobxymethyl cellulose, alginates, gelatin or polyvinylpyrrolidone, a solution retarder, such as. B. paraffin, a resorption accelerator, such as. B. a quaternary salt and / or Adsorbents, such as. B. bentonite, kaolin or dicalcium phosphate, the powder mixture can be granulated together with a binder, such as. B. syrup, starch paste, acacia mucus, or solutions made of cellulose or polymer materials. Then you press the product through a coarse sieve. As an alternative to this, the powder mixture can be run through a tablet machine and the resulting irregularly shaped pieces crushed down to grain size. So that the resulting grains do not get stuck in the tray-forming nozzles, you can add a lubricant, such as. B. stearic acid, stearate salt, talc or mineral oil. This lubricated mixture is then pressed into tablet form. The active compounds can also be combined with free-flowing inert carriers and brought directly into tablet form, with the omission of the granulate or fragmentation steps. The product can be provided with a clear or opaque protective cover, e.g. B. a coating of shellac, a coating of sugar or polymer substances and a polished shell made of wax. Dyes can be added to these coatings so that a distinction can be made between the different dosage units.
Die oral zu verabreichenden Zubereitungsformen, wie z. B. Lösungen, Syrup und Elixire, lassen sich in Dosierungseinheiten herstellen, so daß eine bestimmte Menge Präparat eine bestimmte Menge Wirkstoff enthält. Syrup kann so hergestellt werden, daß der Wirkstoff in einer wäßrigen Lösung, welche geeignete Geschmacksstoffe enthält, gelöst wird; Elixire werden unter Verwendung nichttoxischer, alkoholischer Trägerstoffe erhalten. Suspensionen kann man durch Dispergieren der Verbindung in einem nicht toxischen Trägerstoff darstellen. Lösungsvermittler und Emulgiermittel, wie z. B. äthoxylierte Isostearylalkohole und Polyoxyäthylensorbitester, Konservierungsmittel, geschmacksverbessernde Zusätze wie z. B. Pfefferminzöl oder Saccharin und dergl. können auch zugegeben werden. Dosierungsvorschriften können auf der Kapsel angegeben werden. Überdies kann die Dosierung so abgesichert sein, daß der Wirkstoff verzögert abgegeben wird, z. B. durch Einhalten des Wirkstoffes in Polymerensubstanzen, Wachse oder dergl.The oral forms of preparation, such as. B. solutions, syrup and elixirs can be prepared in dosage units so that a certain amount of preparation contains a certain amount of active ingredient. Syrup can be prepared in such a way that the active ingredient is dissolved in an aqueous solution which contains suitable flavorings; Elixirs are obtained using non-toxic, alcoholic carriers. Suspensions can be prepared by dispersing the compound in a non-toxic carrier. Solubilizers and emulsifiers, such as. B. ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols and polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters, preservatives, taste-improving additives such as. B. peppermint oil or saccharin and the like can also be added. Dosage instructions can be given on the capsule. In addition, the dosage can be secured so that the active ingredient is released with a delay, e.g. B. by compliance with the active ingredient in polymer substances, waxes or the like.
Zusätzlich zu den oben erwähnten pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzungen lassen sich auch diese Wirkstoffe enthaltende Lebensmittel herstellen ; beispielsweise Zucker, Brot, Kartoffelprodukte, Fruchtsaft, Bier, Schokolade und andere Konfektartikel, und Konserven, wie z. B. Marmelade, wobei zu diesen Produkten eine therapeutisch-wirksame Menge mindestens eincs der erfindungsgemäßen Inhibitoren gegeben wurde.In addition to the pharmaceutical compositions mentioned above, foods containing these active ingredients can also be produced; for example sugar, bread, potato products, fruit juice, beer, chocolate and other confectionery, and canned goods such as. B. jam, a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the inhibitors according to the invention was added to these products.
Die unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe hergestellten Nahrungsmittel eignen sich sowohl zur Diät bei Patienten,die an Stoffwechselstörungen leiden als auch zur Ernährung gesunder Personen im Sinne einer Stoffwechselstörungen vorbeugenden Ernährungsweise.The foods produced using the active compounds according to the invention are suitable both for dieting in patients who suffer from metabolic disorders and for the nutrition of healthy people in the sense of a metabolic disorder-preventive diet.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Inhibitoren weisen weiterhin die Eigenschaft auf, in Tieren das Verhältnis des Anteiles an unerwünschtem Fett zum Anteil des erwünschten fettarmen Fleisches (mageres Fleisch) zugunsten des mageren Fleisches in hohem Maße zu beeinflussen. Dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung für die Aufzucht und Haltung von landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren, z. B. in der Schweinemast, aber auch von erheblicher Bedeutung für die Aufzucht und Haltung von sonstigen Nutztieren und Ziertieren. Die Verwendung der Inhibitoren kann weiterhin zu einer erheblichen Rationalisierung der Fütterung der Tiere führen, sowohl zeitlich, mengenmäßig wie auch qualitätsmäßig. Da sie eine gewisse"Verzögerung der Verdauung bewirken, wird die Verweildauer der Nährstoffe im Verdauungstrakt verlängert, wodurch eine mit weniger Aufwand verbundene ad libitum-Fütterung ermöglicht wird. Weiterhin ergibt sich bei der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Inhibitoren in vielen Fällen eine erhebliche Einsparung von wertvollem Proteinfutter.The inhibitors according to the invention furthermore have the property of influencing the ratio of the proportion of undesirable fat to the proportion of the desired low-fat meat (lean meat) to a large extent in favor of the lean meat. This is of particular importance for the rearing and keeping of farm animals, e.g. B. in pig fattening, but also of considerable importance for the rearing and keeping of other farm animals and ornamental animals. The use of the inhibitors can further lead to a considerable rationalization of the feeding of the animals, both in terms of time, quantity and quality. Since they cause a certain "delay in digestion, the dwelling time of the nutrients in the digestive tract is lengthened, which enables ad libitum feeding with less effort. Furthermore, in many cases the use of the inhibitors according to the invention results in a considerable saving of valuable protein feed .
Die Wirkstoffe können somit praktisch in allen Bereichen der Tierernährung als Mittel zur Reduzierung des Fettansatzes sowie der Einsparung von Futtereiweiß verwendet werden.The active ingredients can thus be used in practically all areas of animal nutrition as a means of reducing the amount of fat and saving feed protein.
Die Wirksamkeit der Wirkstoffe ist hierbei weitgehend unabhängig von der Art und dem Geschlecht der Tiere. Besonders wertvoll erweisen sich die Wirkstoffe bei Tierarten, die überhaupt oder in bestimmten Lebensabschnitten zu stärkerer Fetteinlagerung neigen.The effectiveness of the active ingredients is largely independent of the type and gender of the animals. The active ingredients are particularly valuable in animal species that tend to store more fat at all or in certain stages of life.
Als Tiere, bei denen die Inhibitoren zur Reduzierung des Fettansatzes und/oder zur Einsparung von Futtereiwei3 eingesetzt werden können, seien beispielsweise folgende Nutz- und Ziertiere genannt: Warmblüter wie Rinder, Schweine, Pferde, Schafe, Ziegen, Katzen, Hunde, Kaninchen, Pelztiere, z. B. Nerze, Chinchilla, andere Ziertiere, z. B. Meerschweinchen und Hamster, Labor- und Zootiere, z. B. Ratten, Mäuse, Affen usw. Geflügel, z. B. Broiler, Hühner, Gänse, Enten, Truthähen, Tauben, Papageien und Kanarienvögel und Kaltblüter, wie Fische, z. B. Karpfen und Reptilien, z. B. Schlangen.The following useful and ornamental animals may be mentioned as examples of animals in which the inhibitors can be used to reduce fat deposits and / or to save feed protein: Warm-blooded animals such as cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, cats, dogs, rabbits, fur animals , e.g. B. mink, chinchilla, other ornamental animals, e.g. B. guinea pigs and hamsters, laboratory and zoo animals, e.g. B. rats, mice, monkeys, etc. poultry, e.g. B. broilers, chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, pigeons, parrots and canaries and cold-blooded animals, such as fish, e.g. B. carp and reptiles, e.g. B. snakes.
Die Menge der Wirkstoffe, die den Tieren zur Erreichung des gewünschten Effektes verabreicht wird, kann wegen der günstigen Eigenschaften der Wirkstoffe weitgehend variiert werden. Sie liegt vorzugsweise bei etwa 0,5 mg bis 2,5 g, insbesondere 10 bis 100 mg/kg Futter pro Tag. Die Dauer der Verabreichung kann von wenigen Stunden oder Tagen bis zu mehreren Jahren betragen. Die passende Menge Wirkstoff sowie die passende Dauer der Verabreichung stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit den Fütterungsziel. Sie hängen insbesondere von der Art, den Alter, den Geschlecht, dem Gesundheitszustand und der Art der Haltung der Tiere ab und sind durch jeden Fachmann leicht zu ermitteln.The amount of active ingredients that are administered to the animals to achieve the desired effect can be varied widely because of the favorable properties of the active ingredients. It is preferably about 0.5 mg to 2.5 g, in particular 10 to 100 mg / kg of feed per day. The duration of administration can range from a few hours or days to several years. The right amount of active ingredient and the right duration of administration are closely related to the feeding goal. They depend in particular on the type, age, gender, state of health and type of keeping of the animals and are easy to determine by any specialist.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe werden den Tieren nach den üblichen Methoden verabreicht. Die Art der Verabreichung hängt insbesondere von der Art, dem Verhalten und dem Allgemein- zustand der Tiere ab. So kann die Verabreichung einmal oder mehrmals täglich,in regelmäßigen oder unregelmäßigen Abständen,oral erfolgen. Aus Zweckmäßigkeitsgründen ist in den meisten Fällen eine orale Verabreichung, insbesondere in Rhythmus der Nahrungs- und/cder Cetränkeaufnahme der Tiere, vorzuziehen.The active compounds according to the invention are administered to the animals by the customary methods. The method of administration depends in particular on the type, behavior and general condition of the animals. Thus, the administration can take place orally once or several times a day, at regular or irregular intervals. For reasons of expediency, oral administration is preferred in most cases, particularly in the rhythm of the animals' food and / or drink intake.
Die Wirkstoffe können als reine Stoffe oder in formulierter Form verabreicht werden, wobei die formulierte Form sowohl als Prexix, also in Mischung mit nichttoxischen inerten Trägerstoffen beliebiger Art, als auch als Teil einer Gesamtration in Form eines Beifutters bzw. als Mischungsbestandteil eines alleinigen Mischfutters zu verstehen ist. Mit eingeschlossen ist auch die Applikation geeigneter Zubereitungen Uber das Trinkwasser.The active substances can be administered as pure substances or in formulated form, the formulated form being understood both as a Prexix, i.e. in a mixture with non-toxic inert carriers of any kind, and as part of an overall ration in the form of a supplementary feed or as a component of the mixture of a sole compound feed is. The application of suitable preparations via drinking water is also included.
Die Wirkstoffe können gegebenenfalls in formulierter Form auch zusammen mit anderen Nähr- und Wirkstoffen, z. B. Mineralsalzen, Spurenelementen, Vitaminen, Eiweißstoffen, Energieträgern (z. B. Stärke, Zucker, Fette), Farbstoffen und/oder Geschmacksstoffen oder anderen Futterzusatzstoffen, wie z. B. Wachstumsförderern, in geeigneter Form verabreicht werden. Die Wirstoffe können den Tieren vor, während oder nach der Nahrungsaufnahme gegeben werden.The active ingredients can optionally in formulated form together with other nutrients and active ingredients, e.g. B. mineral salts, trace elements, vitamins, proteins, energy sources (z. B. starch, sugar, fats), colors and / or flavors or other feed additives, such as. B. growth promoters, administered in a suitable form. The active substances can be given to the animals before, during or after eating.
Empfehlenswert ist die orale Verabreichung zusammen mit dem Futter und/oder Trinkwasser, wobei je nach Bedarf die Wirkstoffe der Gesamtmenge oder nur Teilen des Futters und/oder Trinkwassers zugegeben werden.Oral administration together with the feed and / or drinking water is recommended, the active ingredients being added to the total amount or only parts of the feed and / or drinking water as required.
Die Wirkstoffe können nach üblichen Methoden durch einfaches Mischen als reine Stoffe, vorzugsweise in fein verteilter Form oder in formulierter orculierter Form in Mischung mit ePbaren, nichttoxischen Trägerstoffen, gegebenenfalls auch in Form eines Premix oder eines Futterkonzentrates, dem Futter und/oder dem Trinkwasser beigefügt werden.The active ingredients can be mixed by pure methods, preferably in finely divided form, by conventional methods Form or in formulated orculated form in a mixture with ePbaren, non-toxic carriers, optionally also in the form of a premix or a feed concentrate, the feed and / or the drinking water are added.
Das Futter und/oder Trinkwasser kann beispielsweise die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe in einer Konzentration von etwa 0.001 bis 5,0 %, insbesondere 0,02 bis 2,0 % (Gewicht) enthalten. Die optimale Höhe der Konzentration des Wirkstoffs im Futter und/oder Trinkwasser ist insbesondere abhängig von der Menge der Futter- und /oder Trinkwasseraufnahme der Tiere und kann durch jeden Fachmann leicht ermittelt werden.The feed and / or drinking water can, for example, contain the active substances according to the invention in a concentration of approximately 0.001 to 5.0%, in particular 0.02 to 2.0% (weight). The optimum level of the concentration of the active ingredient in the feed and / or drinking water depends in particular on the amount of feed and / or drinking water intake by the animals and can easily be determined by any person skilled in the art.
Die Art des Futters und seine Zusammensetzung ist hierbei ohne Belang. Es können alle gebräuchlichen, handelsüblichen oder speziellen Futterzusammensetzungen verwendet werden, die vorzugsweise das übliche, für eine ausgewogene Ernährung notwendige Gleichgewicht aus Energie- und Eiweißstoffen, einschließlich Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen enthalten. Das Futter kann sich beispielsweise zusammensetzen aus pflanzlichen Stoffen, z. B. Ölkuchenschroten, Getreideschroten, Getreidenebenprodukten, aber auch aus Heu, Gärfutter, Rüben und anderen Futterpflanzen, aus tierischen Stoffe, z. B. Fleisch- und Fischprodukte, Knochenmehl, Fette, Vitamine, z. B. A, D, E, K und B-Komplex sowie spezielle Proteinquellen, z. B. Hefen sowie bestimmte Aminosäuren und Mineralstoffen und Spurenelementen, wie z. B. Phosphor und Eisen, Zink, Mangan, Kupfer, Kobalt, Jod usw.The type of feed and its composition are irrelevant. All customary, commercially available or special feed compositions can be used, which preferably contain the usual balance of energy and protein substances, including vitamins and minerals, which is necessary for a balanced diet. The feed can be composed, for example, of vegetable substances, e.g. B. oilcake meal, grain meal, grain by-products, but also from hay, fermented feed, beets and other fodder plants, from animal substances, eg. B. meat and fish products, bone meal, fats, vitamins, e.g. B. A, D, E, K and B complex as well as special protein sources, e.g. B. yeasts and certain amino acids and minerals and trace elements, such as. B. phosphorus and iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt, iodine etc.
Premixe können vorzugsweise etwa 0,1 bis 50 t, insbesondere 0,5 bis 5,0 % (Gewicht) z.B. N-Methyl-1-desoxynojirimycin neben beliebigen eßbaren Trägerstoffen und/oder Mineralsalzen, z.B. kohlensaurem Futterkalk enthalten und werden nach den üblichen Mischmethoden hergestellt.Premixes can preferably be about 0.1 to 50 t, in particular 0.5 to 5.0% (weight) e.g. N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin along with any edible carriers and / or mineral salts, e.g. contain carbonated lime and are produced according to the usual mixing methods.
Mischfutter enthalten vorzugsweise 0,001 bis 5,0 %, insbesondere 0,02 bis 2,0 % (Gewicht) beispielsweise an N-Methyl-1-desoxynojirimycin neben den üblichen Rohstoffkomponenten eines Mischfutters, z. B. Getreideschrote oder -nebenprodukte, Ölkuchenschrote, tierisches Eiweiß, Mineralien, Spurenelemente und Vitamine. Sie können nach den üblichen Mischmethoden hergestellt werden.Compound feed preferably contain 0.001 to 5.0%, in particular 0.02 to 2.0% (weight) of, for example, N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin in addition to the usual raw material components of a compound feed, e.g. B. cereal meal or by-products, oil cake meal, animal protein, minerals, trace elements and vitamins. They can be produced using the usual mixing methods.
Vorzugsweise in Premixen und Mischfuttermitteln können die Wirkstoffe gegebenenfalls auch durch ihre Oberfläche bedeckenden geeigneten Mittel, z. B, mit nichttoxischen Wachsen oder Gelatine vor Luft, Licht und/oder Feuchtigkeit geschützt werden.Preferably in premixes and compound feeds, the active ingredients can optionally also be covered by suitable agents covering their surface, e.g. B, protected from air, light and / or moisture with non-toxic waxes or gelatin.
Beispiel für die Zusammensetzung eines fertigen Mischfutters, für Geflügel, das einen erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoff enthält:
- 200 g Weizen, 340 g Mais, 360,3 g Sojaschrot, 60 g Rindertalg, 15 g Dicalciumphosphat, 10 g Calciumcarbonat, 4 g jodiertes Kochsalz, 7,5 g Vitamin-Mineral-Mischung und 3,2 g Wirkstoff-Premix ergeben nach sorgfältigem Mischen 1 kg Futter.
- 200 g wheat, 340 g maize, 360.3 g soybean meal, 60 g beef tallow, 15 g dicalcium phosphate, 10 g calcium carbonate, 4 g iodized table salt, 7.5 g vitamin-mineral mixture and 3.2 g active ingredient premix give carefully mixing 1 kg of feed.
Die Vitamin-Mineral-Mischung besteht aus:
- 6000 I.E. Vitamin A, 1000 I.E. Vitamin D3, 10 mg Vitamin E, 1 mg Vitamin K39 3 mg Riboflavin, 2 mg Pyridoxin, 20 mcg Vitamin B12, 5 mg Calciumpantothenat, 30 mg Nikotinsäure, 200 mg Cholinchlorid, 200 mg Mn SO4 x H20, 140 mg Zn S04 x 7H2O, 100 mg Fe S04 x 7H20 und 20 mg Cu SO4 x 5H20. Der Wirkstoff-Premix enthält z. B. N-Methyl-1-desoxy- nojirimycin in der gewünschten Menge, z. B. 1600 mg und zusätzlich 1 g DL-Methionin sowie so viel Sojabohnenmehl daß 3,2 g Premix entstehen.
- 6000 IU vitamin A, 1000 IU vitamin D 3 , 10 mg vitamin E, 1 mg vitamin K 39 3 mg riboflavin, 2 mg pyridoxine, 20 mcg vitamin B 12 , 5 mg calcium pantothenate, 30 mg nicotinic acid, 200 mg choline chloride, 200 mg Mn SO 4 x H 2 0, 140 mg Zn S0 4 x 7H 2 O, 100 mg Fe S0 4 x 7H20 and 20 mg Cu SO 4 x 5H 2 0. The active ingredient premix contains e.g. B. N-methyl-1-deoxy-nojirimycin in the desired amount, e.g. B. 1600 mg and an additional 1 g of DL-methionine and so much soybean meal that 3.2 g of premix are formed.
Beispiel für die Zusammensetzung eines Schweinemischfutters, das einen Wirkstoff der Formel I enthält:
- 630 g Futtergetreideschrot (zusammengesetzt aus 200 g Mais-, 150 g Gerste-, 150 g Hafer- und 130 g Weizenschrot), 80 g Fischmehl, 60 g Sojaschrot, 58,8 g Tapiokamehl, 38 g Bierhefe, 50 g Vitamin-Mineral-Mischung für Schweine (Zusammensetzung, z. B.wie beim Kükenfutter) 30 g Leinkuchenmehl, 30 g Maiskleberfutter, 10 g Sojaöl, 10 g Zuckerrohrmelasse und 2 g Wirkstoff-Premix (Zusammensetzung z. B. beim Kükenfutter) ergeben nach sorgfältigem Mischen 1 kg Futter.
- 630 g of feed grain meal (composed of 200 g maize meal, 150 g barley meal, 150 g oat meal and 130 g wheat meal), 80 g fish meal, 60 g soy meal, 58.8 g tapioca meal, 38 g brewer's yeast, 50 g vitamin mineral Mix for pigs (composition, e.g. as with chick feed) 30 g linseed flour, 30 g corn gluten feed, 10 g soybean oil, 10 g sugar cane molasses and 2 g active ingredient premix (composition e.g. with chick feed) result in 1 kg after careful mixing Lining.
Die angegebenen Futtergemische sind vorzugsweise zur Aufzucht und Mast von Küken bzw. Schweinen abgestimmt, sie können jedoch in gleicher oder ähnlicher Zusammensetzung auch zur Aufzucht und Mast anderer Tiere verwendet werden.The specified feed mixtures are preferably matched for rearing and fattening chicks or pigs, but they can also be used in the same or a similar composition for rearing and fattening other animals.
Die Inhibitoren können einzeln oder aber auch in beliebigen Mischungen untereinander verwendet werden.The inhibitors can be used individually or in any mixtures with one another.
Der Saccherase-Inhibitionstest in vitro ermöglicht die Bestimmung der enzyminhibitorischen Aktivität einer Substanz durch den Vergleich der Aktivität des solubilisierten intestinalen Disaccharidasen-Komplexes in Gegenwart bzw, in Abwesenheit ( aog. 100%-Wert ) den Inhibitors. Als Substrat, welches die Spezifität des Inhibitionstestes bestimmt, dient dabei eine praktisch Glucose-frete Saccharose ( Glucose <100 ppm ); die Enzymaktivitätabestimmung basiert auf der spektrophotometrischen Bestimmung freigesetzter Glucose mittels Glucose-Dehydrogenaae und Nicotinamid-adenin-dinucleotid als Cofaktor.The saccherase inhibition test in vitro enables the enzyme-inhibitory activity of a substance to be determined by comparing the activity of the solubilized intestinal disaccharidase complex in the presence or absence (aog. 100% value) of the inhibitor. The substrate, which determines the specificity of the inhibition test, is used a practically glucose-free sucrose (glucose <100 ppm); the enzyme activity determination is based on the spectrophotometric determination of released glucose using glucose dehydrogenaea and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as cofactor.
Eine Saccharase-Inhibitor-Einheit ( SIE ) ist definiert als diejenige inhibitorische Aktivität, welche in einem definierten Testansatz eine vorgegebene saccharolytische Aktivität um.eine Einheit ( Saccharase-Einheit = SE ) reduziert; die Saccharase-Einheit ist dabei als diejenige Enzymaktivität definiert, welche unter vorgegebenen Bedingungen ein µxol Saccherose pro min spaltet und damit zur Freisetzung von je ein µmol Glucose, welche im Test bestimmt wird, und Fructose, welche im Test nicht erfaßt wird, führt.A saccharase inhibitor unit (SIE) is defined as that inhibitory activity which, in a defined test approach, reduces a given saccharolytic activity by one unit (saccharase unit = SE); the saccharase unit is defined as that enzyme activity which, under given conditions, cleaves one microliter of saccherose per minute and thus releases one micromole of glucose, which is determined in the test, and fructose, which is not detected in the test.
Der inteatinale Disaccharidasen-Komplex wird aus Schweinedünndarm-Mucosa durch tryptische Verdauung, fällung aus 66% Äthanol bei -20°C, Aufnehmen des Präcipitatea in 100 mM Phosphat-Puffer, pH 7,0 und abschließende Dialyse gegen denselben Puffer gewonnen.The inteatinal disaccharidase complex is obtained from pig intestinal mucosa by tryptic digestion, precipitation from 66% ethanol at -20 ° C., taking up the precipitatea in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 and final dialysis against the same buffer.
10 µl einer Probelösung, die so angesetzt ist, daß die Extinktion des Testansatzeo mindestens 10%, jedoch nicht mehr als 25% unter der des 100%-Wertes liegt, werden mit 100 µl einer Verdünnung des intestinalen Disaccharidasen-Komplexes in 0,1 M Maleinat-Puffer, pH 6,25, versetzt und für 10 ein bei 37°C vortnkubtert. Die Verdünnung des Disaccheridasen-Komplexes ist auf eine Aktivität von 0,1 SE/ml einzustellen.10 ul of a sample solution, which is prepared so that the absorbance of the test batch is at least 10%, but not more than 25% below that of the 100% value, is diluted with 100 ul of the intestinal disaccharidase complex in 0.1 M Maleinate buffer, pH 6.25, added and pre-incubated for 10 at 37 ° C. The dilution of the disaccheridase complex should be set to an activity of 0.1 SE / ml.
Anschließend wird die saccharolytische Reaktion durch Zugabe von 100µl einer 0,4 M Löoung von Saccharose ( "SERVA 35579" ) in 0,1 M Maleinat-Puffer, pH 6,25 gestartet und nach einer Inkubationsdauer von 20 min bei 37°C durch die Zugabe von 1 ml Glucose-Dehydrogenase-Reagenz ( 1 Fläschchen Glucose-Dehydrogenase-Mutarotase-Gemisch lyophiliert ( "MERCK 14053" ) und 331,7 mg β-Nicotinamid-adenin-dinucleoitid ( freie Säure, "BOEHRTNGER" Reinhettsgrad I) in 250 ml 0,5 M Tris-Puffer, pH 7,6 gelöat ) abgestoppt. Zum Nachweis der Glucose wird 30 min bei 37°C inkubiert und schließlich bei 340 nm gegen einen Reagenzienblank ( mit Enzym, jedoch ohne Saccharose) photometriert.The saccharolytic reaction is then started by adding 100 .mu.l of a 0.4 M solution of sucrose ("SERVA 35579") in 0.1 M maleinate buffer, pH 6.25 and after an incubation period of 20 min at 37.degree Add 1 ml glucose dehydrogenase reagent (1 vial of glucose dehydrogenase mutarotase mixture lyophilized ("MERCK 14053") and 331.7 mg β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleoitide (free acid, "BOEHRTNGER" Reinhettsgrad I)) in 250 ml 0.5 M Tris buffer, pH 7.6 dissolved). To detect glucose, incubate for 30 min at 37 ° C and finally photometry at 340 nm against a blank reagent (with enzyme, but without sucrose).
Die Berechnung der Hemmaktivität von Inhibitoren ist dadurch erschwert, daß schon geringfügige Änderungen im Testsystem, beispielsweise ein geringfügig von Bestimmung zu Bestimmung variierender 100%-Wert, von nicht mehr zu vernachlässigendem Einfluß auf das Testergebnis sind. Man umgeht diese Schwierigkeiten, indem man bei jeder Bestimmung einen Standard mitlaufen läßt; als Standard dient ein Baccharase-Inhibitor der Formel C25H43O18N, welcher eine spezifische Hemmaktivität von 77 700 SIE/g aufweist und bei eingesetzten Mengen von 10 bis 20 ng im Test zu einer Hammung von oben spezifizierter Größenordnung führt. Bei Kenntnis der Differenz der Extinktionen bei 340 nm von 100%-Wert und durch Standard gehemmtem Ansatz läßt sich aus der Extinktionsdifferenz von 100%-Wert und durch die Probelösung gehemmtem Ansatz unter Berücksichtigung der eingesetzten Menge an Inhibitor in bekannter Weise dessen spezifische Hermaktivität errechnen, ausgedrückt in Saccharase-Inhibitor-Einheiten pro Gramm ( SIE/g ).
Zu 4 ml 98 tiger Ameisensäure gibt man unter Eiskühlung 3,2 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin und 2 ml 30 %igen wäßrigen Formaldehyd. Anschließend wird 8 Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen verdünnt man das Reaktionsgemisch mit Aceton. Es fällt ein harzartiger Niederschlag aus. Man dekantiert die Acetonlösung ab und wäscht das Harz mehrfach mit Aceton nach. Der RUckstand wird anschließend in destilliertem Wasser gelöst und die Lösung durch Zugabe von basischem Ionenaustauscher in der θOH-Form (Amberlite JRA 410) von Ameisensäure befreit. Der Ionenaustauscher wird abfiltriert und die wäßrige Lösung unter vermindertem Druck zur Trockne gebracht. Zurück bleiben 3,0 g harziges N-Methyl-1-Desoxynojirimycin. Die Verbindung kann durch Chromatographie an Cellulose weiter gereinigt werden. Als Fließmittel wird wasserhaltiges Butanol verwendet.
Schmelzpunkt: 153°C (Äthanol).3.2 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin and 2 ml of 30% aqueous formaldehyde are added to 4 ml of 98 tiger formic acid while cooling with ice. The mixture is then heated under reflux for 8 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture is diluted with acetone. A resinous precipitate is formed. The acetone solution is decanted off and the resin is washed several times with acetone. The residue is then dissolved in distilled water and the solution by adding a basic ion exchanger in the OH-form θ (Amberlite JRA 410) freed from formic acid. The ion exchanger is filtered off and the aqueous solution is brought to dryness under reduced pressure. This leaves 3.0 g of resinous N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin. The compound can be further purified by chromatography on cellulose. Water-containing butanol is used as the eluent.
Melting point: 153 ° C (ethanol).
Massenspektrum : Der wichtigste Peak im oberen Massenbereich findet sich bei m/e = 146 (M-CH2OH).Mass spectrum: The most important peak in the upper mass range is found at m / e = 146 (M-CH 2 OH).
Zur weiteren Charakterisierung wird die Verbindung mit Acetanhydrid/Pyridin 1:1 bei Raumtemperatur in die peracetylierte Verbindung, N-Methyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-0-acetyl-1-deoxynojirimycin, überführt. Von diesem Derivat wurde bei 100 MHz ein Protonenresonanzspektrum in CDC13 gemessen :
- Zwischen δ= 2,0 und 2,1 ppm findet man 4 Singletts für zusammen 12 Protonen, die den Methylgruppen der O-Acetylgruppen entsprechen (CH3-O--).
- Die an N gebundene Methylgruppe (CH3-N) findet man als Singlett bei δ= 2,45 ppm. Zwischenc δ= 2,1 und 2,5 ppm absorbieren als schlecht aufgelöste Multipletts zwei Protonen an einem an Stickstoff gebundenen C-Atom
- Ein weiteres derartiges Proton erscheint als Dublett von einem Dublett (J1 = 11 Hz; J2 = 4 Hz) bei δ= 3,18 ppm. Bei δ= 4,16 und δ= 4,22 ppm absorbiert eine Methylengruppe
als AB-System. Die restlichen drei Protonen findet man als Multiplett zwischen δ= 4,9 und 5,2 ppm.
- Between δ = 2.0 and 2.1 ppm there are 4 singlets for a total of 12 protons, which correspond to the methyl groups of the O-acetyl groups (CH 3 -O- -).
- The methyl group (CH 3 -N ) is found as a singlet at δ = 2.45 ppm. Between c δ = 2.1 and 2.5 ppm, as poorly resolved multiplets, absorb two protons on a nitrogen atom bound by nitrogen
- Another such proton appears as a doublet from a doublet (J 1 = 11 Hz; J 2 = 4 Hz) at δ = 3.18 ppm. At δ = 4.16 and δ = 4.22 ppm a methylene group absorbs
as an AB system. The remaining three protons can be found as a multiplet between δ = 4.9 and 5.2 ppm.
Zu 3,2 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin (0,02 Mol) in 40 ml absolutem Methanol gibt man nacheinander unter Eiskühlung und Rühren 12,5 ml n-Butyraldehyd 0,01 Mol methanolische HC1 und 1,5 g NaCNBH,. Das Reaktionsgemisch wird 12 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur gerührt. Dann engt man am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockne ein. Der Rückstand wird in 50 ml Wasser gelöst und 3 x mit je 30 ml CHCl3, extrahiert. Die wäßrige Phase wird erneut zur Trocckne gebracht, der Rückstand wird in 30 ml H2Oaufgenommen und auf eine 50 cm lange und 2 cm weite Säule aufgetragen, die mit stark basischem Ionenaustauscher in der OH⊖-Form (Amberlite IRA 400 oder Dowex 1 x 2) gefüllt ist.To 3.2 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin (0.02 mol) in 40 ml of absolute methanol, 12.5 ml of n-butyraldehyde, 0.01 mol of methanolic HCl and 1.5 g of NaCNBH, are added in succession with ice cooling and stirring. The reaction mixture is stirred for 12 hours at room temperature. Then the mixture is evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator. The residue is dissolved in 50 ml of water and extracted 3 times with 30 ml of CHCl 3 . The aqueous phase is again brought to dryness, the residue is taken up in 30 ml of H 2 O and applied to a 50 cm long and 2 cm wide column which is treated with strongly basic ion exchanger in the OH⊖ form (Amberlite IRA 400 or Dowex 1 x 2) is filled.
Es wird mit Wasser eluiert und die einzelnen Fraktionen werden dünnschichtchromatographisch untersucht. (Kieselgelplatten; Laufmittel : Essigester/Metharol/Wasser/25%iger Ammor.iak 100:60:40:2; Sprühreagenz : KMnOΔ-Lösung). Die Fraktionen, die N-n-Butyl-l-desoxynojirimycin enthalten werden zusammengefaßt und die wäßrige Lösung am Rotationsverdampfer eingeengt. Der Rückstand wird mit Aceton versetzt, wobei Kristallisation eintritt.It is eluted with water and the individual fractions are examined by thin layer chromatography. (Silica gel plates; eluent: ethyl acetate / methanol / water / 25% Ammor.iak 100: 60: 40: 2; spray reagent: KMnO Δ solution). The fractions containing Nn-butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin are combined and the aqueous solution is concentrated on a rotary evaporator. Acetone is added to the residue, crystallization occurring.
Die Kristalle werden abgesaugt, mit Aceton kurz nachgewaschen und getrocknet. Es werden 3 g N-n-Butyl-1-desoxynojirimycin vom Schmelzpunkt 126-127°C erhalten.The crystals are filtered off, washed briefly with acetone and dried. 3 g of N-n-butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin with a melting point of 126-127 ° C. are obtained.
Mnspenspektrum : Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbefindet man bei m/e = 188 (M-CH2OH) und m/e = 176 (M-CH2-CH2-CH3).Msp spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass are at m / e = 188 (M-CH 2 OH) and m / e = 176 (M-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 ).
Bei weniger reaktionsfähigen Aldehyden wurde dem Reaktions- ansatz zur Bindung des Reaktionswassers Molekularsieb 3A zugesetzt.In the case of less reactive aldehydes, molecular sieve 3A was added to the reaction mixture to bind the water of reaction.
Analog zu dieser Vorschrift wurden hergestellt :The following were produced analogously to this regulation:
Massenspektrum : Intensiver Peak bei m/e = 160 (M-CH2OH).Mass spectrum: intense peak at m / e = 160 (M-CH 2 OH).
Massenspektrum : Intensiver Feak bei m/e = 174 (M-CH2OH). Außerdem Peaks bei m/e = 206 (M+H) und m/e = 204 (M-H).Mass spectrum: Intense feak at m / e = 174 (M-CH 2 OH). Also peaks at m / e = 206 (M + H) and m / e = 204 (MH).
Massenspektrum : Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich findet man bei m/e = 188 (M-CH2OH), m/e = 176
Schmelzpunkt: 111 - 113°C (Aceton). Massenspektrum : Der wichtigste Peak im oberen Massenbereich liegt bei m/e = 230 (M-CH2OH). Außerdem findet man Peaks bei m/e = 262 (M+H) und 260 (M-H).Melting point: 111-113 ° C (acetone). Mass spectrum: The most important peak in the upper mass range is m / e = 230 (M-CH 2 OH). There are also peaks at m / e = 262 (M + H) and 260 (MH).
Massenspektrum : Den wichtigsten Peak im oberen Massenbereich findet man bei m/e = 222 (M-CH2OH). Schmelzpunkt: 183 - 1840C (Methanol).Mass spectrum: The most important peak in the upper mass range can be found at m / e = 222 (M-CH 2 OH). Melting point: 183-184 0 C (methanol).
Massenspektrum : Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich findet man bei m/e = 255 (M+H), m/e = 236 (M-H2O) und m/e = 223 (M-CH2OH).
Schmelzpunkt: 174 - 175°C (Äthanol)Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range can be found at m / e = 255 (M + H), m / e = 236 (MH 2 O) and m / e = 223 (M-CH 2 OH).
Melting point: 174 - 175 ° C (ethanol)
Schmelzpunkt: 114°C (Äthanol) Massenspektrum : Der wichtigste Peak im oberen Massenbereich liegt bei m/e = 176 (M-CH2OH).Melting point: 114 ° C (ethanol) Mass spectrum: The most important peak in the upper mass range is m / e = 176 (M-CH 2 OH).
Massenspektrum : Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich liegen bei m/e = 206 (M-CHZOH) und m/e = 176. Die Substanz ist ein Gemisch zweier diastereomerer Verbindungen.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range are m / e = 206 (M-CH Z OH) and m / e = 176. The substance is a mixture of two diastereomeric compounds.
Massenspektrum : Das Massenspektrum wurde von der in Pyridin/ Acetanhydrid peracetyliprten Verbindung gemessen. Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich findet man bei m/e = 648
Der für die Umsetzung benötigte Aldehyd wurde aus 0-acetylierter 1-Thioglucose und Chloracetaldehyd gewonnen. Die Abspalturg der Acetylgruppen erfolgte im Endprodukt durch Umesterung mit katalytischen Mengen NaOCH5 in MeOH.The aldehyde required for the reaction was obtained from 0-acetylated 1-thioglucose and chloroacetaldehyde. The acetyl groups were split off in the end product by transesterification with catalytic amounts of NaOCH 5 in MeOH.
Massenspektrum : Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich findet man bei m/e = 219 (M), m/e = 202. m/e = 188 (M-CH2OH)
Die Substanz ist ein Gemisch zweier diastereomerer Verbindungen.The substance is a mixture of two diastereomeric compounds.
Massenspektrum : Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich wurden bei m/e = 348, m/e = 319 (M-CH2OH), m/e = 301, m/e = 200, m/e = 188, m/e = 174, m/e 160 und m/e = 147 gefunden.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range were at m / e = 348, m / e = 319 (M-CH 2 OH), m / e = 301, m / e = 200, m / e = 188, m / e = 174, m / e 160 and m / e = 147 found.
In diesem Fall wurde auf die Chromatographie an basischen Ionenaustauscher verzichtet und die Verbindung durch Auskochen mit Aceton und Umkristallisation aus Aethanol gereinigt.
F.P. : 208-210°C.In this case, chromatography on basic ion exchangers was dispensed with and the compound was purified by boiling with acetone and recrystallization from ethanol.
FP: 208-210 ° C.
Massenspektrum : Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich liegen bei m/e = 189 (M-CH2OH) und m/e = 146.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range are m / e = 189 (M-CH 2 OH) and m / e = 146.
Die Verbindung wurde aus obiger Phthalimidoverbindung durch Hydrazinolyse in Methanol gewonnen.The compound was obtained from the above phthalimido compound by hydrazinolysis in methanol.
Massenspektrum : Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich findet man bei m/e = 203 (M-H2O), m/e = 159, m/e = 145 und m/e = 100.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range can be found at m / e = 203 (MH 2 O), m / e = 159, m / e = 145 and m / e = 100.
Die Reinigung der Verbindung erfolgte nicht durch Chromatographie über basischen Austauscher, sondern durch Umkristallisation aus Methanol/Wasser.
F.P. : 187-188°C.The compound was not purified by chromatography on a basic exchanger, but by recrystallization from methanol / water.
FP: 187-188 ° C.
Rf-Wert : 0,85 (auf DC-Fertigplatten der Firma Merck Kieselgel 60; Fließmittel : Essigester/Methanol/H2O/25%iger Ammoniak 100:60:40:2).
Zum Vergleich : Rf-Wert von 1-Desoxynojirimycin : 0,3.Rf value: 0.85 (on ready-made DC plates from Merck Kieselgel 60; eluent: ethyl acetate / methanol / H 2 O / 25% ammonia 100: 60: 40: 2).
For comparison: Rf value of 1-deoxynojirimycin: 0.3.
Rf-Wert : 0,7 (Platten und Fließmittel wie bei vorstehender Verbindung angegeben).Rf value: 0.7 (plates and eluent as specified for the above compound).
Zur Reinigung wurde die Verbindung wie oben angegeben über basischen chromatographiert, wobei aber zum Schluß mit 1%iger Essigsäure eluiert wurde.For purification, the compound was chromatographed on basic chromatography as above, but finally eluting with 1% acetic acid.
Rf-Wert : 0,7 (Platten und Fließmittel wie oben angegeben). Auch hier wurde die Verbindung mit 1%iger Essigsäure vom basischen Austauscher eluiert.
Schmelzpunkt: 280 - 281°C (Methanol)Rf value: 0.7 (plates and eluent as indicated above). Again, the compound was eluted from the basic exchanger with 1% acetic acid.
Melting point: 280 - 281 ° C (methanol)
Zu 2 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin in 40 ml Methanol wurden 4,8 g Benzaldehyd-4-sulfonsäure, 1,8 ml Eisessig und 0,8 g NaCNBH3-gegeben. Es wurde 4 Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt und über Nacht bei Raumtemperaturen gerührt. Das ausgefallene Reaktionsprodukt wurde abgesaugt und aus Wasser umkristallisiert. Ausbeute: 1,2 g Schmelzpunkt: ~320°C (Zersetzung).To 2 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin in 40 ml of methanol were added 4.8 g of benzaldehyde-4-sulfonic acid, 1.8 ml of glacial acetic acid and 0.8 g of NaCNBH3. The mixture was heated under reflux for 4 hours and stirred at room temperature overnight. The precipitated reaction product was filtered off and recrystallized from water. Yield: 1.2 g melting point: ~ 320 ° C (decomposition).
Zu 2 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin und 1,8 ml Essigsäure in 40 ml Methanol gab man 3 g Phenylacetaldehyd und 0,8 g NaCNBH,. Anschließend wurde über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur gerührt. Das Reaktionsgemisch wurde am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockene gebracht. Der Rückstand wurde in Ethanol/H20 2:1 gelöst und auf eine mit stark saurem Ionenaustauscher in der H⊕-Form (Amberlite IR 120) gefüllte Säule aufgetragen. Die Säule wurde mit 2 L Ethanol/H2O 2:1 gewaschen. Anschließend wurde das Reaktionsprodukt mit Ethanol/ 2%-igem wäßrigem NH3 2:1 von der Säule eluiert. Die einzelnen Fraktionen wurden dünnschichtchromatographisch untersucht und diejenigen, die N-β-Phenylethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin enthielten, zusammengefaßt und zur Trockene gebracht. Der Rückstand wurde aus ca. 100 ml Ethanol kristallisiert. Ausbeute: 2,5 g N-B-Phenylethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin vom Schmelzpunkt 179-181°C.3 g of phenylacetaldehyde and 0.8 g of NaCNBH were added to 2 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin and 1.8 ml of acetic acid in 40 ml of methanol. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was brought to dryness on a rotary evaporator. The residue was dissolved in ethanol / H 2 0 2: 1 and applied to a column filled with a strongly acidic ion exchanger in the H⊕ form (Amberlite IR 120). The column was washed with 2 L ethanol / H 2 O 2: 1. The reaction product was then eluted from the column with ethanol / 2% aqueous NH 3 2: 1. The individual fractions were examined by thin layer chromatography and those which contained N-β-phenylethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin were pooled and brought to dryness. The residue was crystallized from approximately 100 ml of ethanol. Yield: 2.5 g of NB-phenylethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin with a melting point of 179-181 ° C.
Auf analogem Wege wurden hergestellb:
- N-n-Pentyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 97°C (aus Aceton) - N-n-Hexyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 112-113°C (aus Ethanol/Aceton) - N-n-Octyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 115-117°C (aus Ethanol/Aceton) - N-n-Nonyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 105-107°C (aus Ethanol/Aceton) - N-n-Decyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.. 151°C (sintert bei 91°C, aus MeOH/Aceton) - N-n-Undecyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 162°C (sintert bei 97°C, aus Ethanol/Aceton) - N-n-Dodecyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 164°C (sintert bei 97°C, aus Ethanol/Aceton) - N-n-Tetradecyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 105-107°C (aus Methanol) - N-n-(5'-Hydroxypentyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 86-87°C (aus Butanol) - N-Cyclohexylmethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 138-140°C (aus Aceton) - N-(3'-Cyclohexenylmethyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 142-144°C (aus Aceton) - N-(2'-Norbornen-5'-yl-methyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 160-162°C (aus Ethanol) - N-p-Chlorbenzyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 153-155°C (aus Aceton) - N-m-Methylbenzyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 134-136°C (aus Methanol) - N-(p-Biphenylmethyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 240-245°C (aus Wasser/Ethanol) - N-(n-3'-Phenylpropyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 125-127°C (aus Ethanol)
- Nn-pentyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 97 ° C (from acetone) - Nn-hexyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 112-113 ° C (from ethanol / acetone) - Nn-octyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 115-117 ° C (from ethanol / acetone) - Nn-nonyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 105-107 ° C (from ethanol / acetone) - Nn-decyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP. 151 ° C (sinters at 91 ° C, from MeOH / acetone) - Nn-undecyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 162 ° C (sinters at 97 ° C, from ethanol / acetone) - Nn-dodecyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 164 ° C (sinters at 97 ° C, from ethanol / acetone) - Nn-tetradecyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 105-107 ° C (from methanol) - Nn- (5'-hydroxypentyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 86-87 ° C (from butanol) - N-cyclohexylmethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 138-140 ° C (from acetone) - N- (3'-Cyclohexenylmethyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 142-144 ° C (from acetone) - N- (2'-Norbornen-5'-yl-methyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 160-162 ° C (from ethanol) - Np-chlorobenzyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 153-155 ° C (from acetone) - Nm-methylbenzyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 134-136 ° C (from methanol) - N- (p-biphenylmethyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 240-245 ° C (from water / ethanol) - N- (n-3'-phenylpropyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 125-127 ° C (from ethanol)
5 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin in 30 ml Dimethylformamid und 30 ml H2O wurden mit 5 g Ag,0 und 5 g Allylbromid drei Stunden bei Raumtemperatur gerührt. Anschließend wurden die Silbersalze abfiltriert und das Filtrat wurde am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockne gebracht. Der Rückstand wurde ans Ethanol umkristallisiert. Ausbeute: 4,5 g N-Allyl-1-desoxynojirimycin vom F.P. 131-132°C.5 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin in 30 ml of dimethylformamide and 30 ml of H 2 O were stirred with 5 g of Ag, 0 and 5 g of allyl bromide for three hours at room temperature. The silver salts were then filtered off and the filtrate was brought to dryness on a rotary evaporator. The residue was recrystallized from ethanol. Yield: 4.5 g of N-allyl-1-deoxynojirimycin from FP 131-132 ° C.
Auf analogem Wege wurden die folgenden Verbindungen hergestellt. Dabei erfolgte die Isolierung und Reinigung der Endprodukte gegebenenfalls auch durch eine Chromatographie über stark sauren Ionenaustauscher (H⊕-Form).
- N-Propargyl-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 160°C (aus Aceton) - N-(3',4'-Dichlorbenzyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 130-132°C - N-(p-Nitrobenzyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 144-146°C - N-(m-Nitrobenzyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
F.P.: 168-170°C
- N-propargyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 160 ° C (from acetone) - N- (3 ', 4'-dichlorobenzyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 130-132 ° C - N- (p-nitrobenzyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 144-146 ° C - N- (m-nitrobenzyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
FP: 168-170 ° C
Zu 200 ml H2O und 21,2 g Ba(OH), x 8 H2O gibt man 17,5 g Nojirimycinbisulfitaddukt. Man rührt eine Stunde bei Raumtemperatur und saugt den Feststoff ab. Das Filtrat versetzt man mit 12 ml flüssiger Blausäure und läßt 1/2 Stunde rühren. Die Lösung wird erneut filtriert und am Rotationsverdampfer bis auf 20 ml eingeengt. Man versetzt zunächst mit 20 ml MeOH, wobei das gewünschte Produkt auszukristallisieren beginnt und vervollständigt die Kristallisation durch Zugabe von 100 ml Ethanol. Der Niederschlag wurde abgesaugt. Ausbeute: 12,0 g 1-Cyano-1-desoxynojirimycin; F.P.: 152-153°C. Nach Umkristallisation aus Methanol und wenig Wasser schmilzt die Substanz bei 155-156°C.17.5 g of nojirimycin bisulfite adduct are added to 200 ml of H 2 O and 21.2 g of Ba (OH) x 8 H 2 O. The mixture is stirred for one hour at room temperature and the solid is filtered off with suction. The filtrate is mixed with 12 ml of liquid hydrocyanic acid and allowed to stir for 1/2 hour. The solution is filtered again and concentrated to 20 ml on a rotary evaporator. 20 ml of MeOH are initially added, the desired product starting to crystallize out, and the crystallization is completed by adding 100 ml of ethanol. The precipitate was filtered off. Yield: 12.0 g of 1-cyano-1-deoxynojirimycin; FP: 152-153 ° C. After recrystallization from methanol and a little water, the substance melts at 155-156 ° C.
Die Verbindung wurde in Analogie zu Beispiel 3 durch reduktive Methylierung von 1-Cyano-1-desoxynojirimycin mit 35 %-iger wäßriger Formaldehydlösung und NaCNBH, in Methanol erhalten.The compound was obtained in analogy to Example 3 by reductive methylation of 1-cyano-1-deoxynojirimycin with 35% aqueous formaldehyde solution and NaCNBH, in methanol.
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich liegen bei m/e = 171 (M-CH2OH), m/e = 157 und m/e = 144.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range are m / e = 171 (M-CH 2 OH), m / e = 157 and m / e = 144.
10 g 1-Cyano-1-desoxynojirimycin wurden mit 5 g NaOH in 100 ml H2O eine Stunde unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Anschließend wurde mit konz. HC1 schwach sauer gestellt (pH=4). Dann wurde am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockne eingeengt. Der Rückstand wurde mit Methanol in der Hitze extrahiert, das NaCl wurde abgetrennt und die methanolische Lösung erneut zur Trockne gebracht.10 g of 1-cyano-1-deoxynojirimycin were refluxed with 5 g of NaOH in 100 ml of H 2 O for one hour. Subsequently, with conc. HC1 weakly acidified (pH = 4). The mixture was then evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator. The residue was extracted with hot methanol, the NaCl was separated and the methanolic solution was brought to dryness again.
Der Rückstand wurde zuerst aus wenig Wasser und dann aus Wasser/Methanol umkristallisiert.The residue was recrystallized first from a little water and then from water / methanol.
Ausbeute: 10,5 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäure vom F.P. 268-270°C.Yield: 10.5 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylic acid from F.P. 268-270 ° C.
7 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäure wurden mit 100 ml ethanolischer Salzsäure 2 Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Anschließend wurde am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockne eingeengt. Der Rückstand wurde mit Ethanol und zur Freisetzung der Base mit ethanolischem Ammoniak versetzt. Es wurde filtriert und die ethanolische Lösung wurde eingeengt.7 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylic acid were heated under reflux with 100 ml of ethanolic hydrochloric acid for 2 hours. The mixture was then evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator. The residue was mixed with ethanol and to release the base with ethanolic ammonia. It was filtered and the ethanolic solution was concentrated.
Ausbeute an nichtkristallinem 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäureethylester: 8 g.Yield of non-crystalline 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: 8 g.
Aus 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäureethylester in Analogie zu Beispiel 6.From 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in analogy to Example 6.
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich findet man bei: m/e = 218 (M-CH2OH), m/e = 200, m/e = 176, m/e = 158 und m/e = 126.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range can be found at: m / e = 218 (M-CH 2 OH), m / e = 200, m / e = 176, m / e = 158 and m / e = 126.
6 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäureethylester wurden in 90 ml 25 %-igem wäßrigem Ammoniak eine Stunde unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Die abgekühlte Lösung wurde mit Ethanol versetzt und ein ausgefallener Niederschlag (1,2 g; Ammoniumsalz der 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäure) abgetrennt. Das Filtrat wurde eingeengt, in Wasser aufgenommen und auf eine mit stark basischem Austauscher in der Ol⊖-Form (Amberlite IRC 400) gefüllte Säule aufgetragen. Es wurde mit Wasser eluiert. Die Fraktionen, die das Carbonsäureamid enthielten, wurden zusammengefaßt und eingeengt. Der Rückstand wurde aus Ethanol umkristallisiert. Ausbeute: 3 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäureamid vom Schmelzpunkt 175-176°C.6 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester were refluxed in 90 ml of 25% aqueous ammonia for one hour. The cooled solution was mixed with ethanol and a precipitate (1.2 g; ammonium salt of 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylic acid) was separated off. The filtrate was concentrated, taken up in water and applied to a column filled with a strongly basic exchanger in the oil form (Amberlite IRC 400). It was eluted with water. The fractions containing the carboxamide were pooled and concentrated. The residue was recrystallized from ethanol. Yield: 3 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxamide with a melting point of 175-176 ° C.
500 mg 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäureethylester wurden in 1 ml Benzylamin 5 Minuten zum Sieden erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen wurde mehrfach mit Ether verrührt und abdekantiert. Der Rückstand wurde aus Methanol umkristallisiert. Ausbeute: 400 mg 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäurebenzylamid vom F.P. 221-222°C.500 mg of ethyl 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylate were boiled in 1 ml of benzylamine for 5 minutes. After cooling, the mixture was stirred several times with ether and decanted off. The residue was recrystallized from methanol. Yield: 400 mg of 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylic acid benzylamide from FP 221-222 ° C.
Aus 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäurebenzylamid in Analogie zu Beispiel 6.From 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylic acid benzylamide in analogy to Example 6.
F.P.: 229-230°C (aus Methanol).F.P .: 229-230 ° C (from methanol).
5 g 1-Cyano-1-desoxynojirimycin wurden in 100 ml Wasser mit 10 g Raney-Nickel als Katalysator eine Stunde bei 3,5 Athmosphären H,-Druck in einer Schüttelbirne hydriert. Dann wurde vom Katalysator abgesaugt, die Lösung wurde am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockne gebracht. Der Rückstand wurde in wenig siedendem Methanol aufgenommen, die Lösung wurde filtriert und erneut zur Trockne gebracht. Der Rückstand wurde aus ca. 15 ml Methanol umkristallisiert. Ausbeute: 3,4 g 1-Aminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin vom Schmelzpunkt 148-150°C. Nach erneuter Kirstallisation aus Methanol steigt der Schmelzpunkt auf 154-155°C.5 g of 1-cyano-1-deoxynojirimycin were hydrogenated in 100 ml of water with 10 g of Raney nickel as catalyst for one hour at 3.5 atmospheres of H, pressure in a shaking pear. The catalyst was then suctioned off, and the solution was brought to dryness on a rotary evaporator. The residue was taken up in a little boiling methanol, the solution was filtered and brought to dryness again. The residue was recrystallized from about 15 ml of methanol. Yield: 3.4 g of 1-aminomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin with a melting point of 148-150 ° C. After renewed installation from methanol, the melting point rises to 154-155 ° C.
3,8 g 1-Aminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin in 40 ml MeOH/H2O 1:1 wurden bei O°C mit 3 ml Acetanhydrid versetzt. Es wurde 15 Minuten bei 0°C und 30 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur gerührt. Dann wurde am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockne eingeengt. Der Rückstand wurde in ca. 60 ml Wasser aufgenommen,und es wurde mit basischem Austauscher (OH⊖-Form) neutralisiert. Nach Entfernen des Austauschers wurde erneut zur Trockne eingeengt und der Rückstand zweimal aus Ethanol umkristallisiert. Ausbeute an 1-Acetamidomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin: 3 g vom F.P.: 169-171°C.3.8 g of 1-aminomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin in 40 ml of MeOH / H 2 O 1: 1 were mixed with 3 ml of acetic anhydride at 0 ° C. The mixture was stirred at 0 ° C. for 15 minutes and at room temperature for 30 minutes. The mixture was then evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator. The residue was taken up in about 60 ml of water, and it was neutralized with a basic exchanger (OH⊖ form). After removing the exchanger, the mixture was again concentrated to dryness and the residue was recrystallized twice from ethanol. Yield of 1-acetamidomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin: 3 g of FP: 169-171 ° C.
MS-Spektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich findet man bei m/e = 216, m/e = 203, m/e = 162 (base peak) und m/e = 144.MS spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range can be found at m / e = 216, m / e = 203, m / e = 16 2 (base peak) and m / e = 144.
Die Verbindung wurde aus 1-Acetamidomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin in Analogie zu Beispiel 6 hergestellt.The compound was prepared from 1-acetamidomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin in analogy to Example 6.
MS-Spektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich findet man bei m/e = 176 und m/e = 158. Weniger intensive Peaks bei m/e = 230, m/e = 218 und 217.MS spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range can be found at m / e = 176 and m / e = 158. Less intense peaks at m / e = 230, m / e = 218 and 217.
Die Verbindung wurde aus 1-Aminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin und Benzoylchlorid nach der Vorschrift von Beispiel 14 hergestellt.
F.P.: 216°C (aus Methanol).The compound was prepared from 1-aminomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin and benzoyl chloride according to the procedure of Example 14.
FP: 216 ° C (from methanol).
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich liegen bei m/e = 278, m/e = 265, m/e = 175, m/e = 162 und m/e = 105.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range are m / e = 278, m / e = 265, m / e = 175, m / e = 162 and m / e = 105.
Die Verbindung wurde aus 1-Benzoylaminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin in Analogie zu Beispiel 6 hergestellt.
F.P.: 135-136°C (aus Butanol).
FP: 135-136 ° C (from butanol).
960 mg 1-Aminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin wurden mit 1 g Tosylchlorid in 10 ml MeOH/H2O 1:1 drei Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Anschließend wurde das Lösungsmittel am Rotationsverdampfer abgezogen,und der Rückstand wurde mit Aceton verrührt. Die Festsubstanz wurde abgesaugt, in Wasser gelöst und mit basischem Ionenaustauscher neutralisiert. Nach Entfernen des Ionenaustauschers wurde die Lösung am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockne gebracht,und der Rückstand wurde aus Wasser umkristallisiert. Ausbeute an 1-Tosylamidomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin: 600 mg vom Schmelzpunkt: 173 - 175°C960 mg of 1-aminomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin were refluxed with 1 g of tosyl chloride in 10 ml of MeOH / H 2 O 1: 1 for three hours. The solvent was then removed on a rotary evaporator and the residue was stirred with acetone. The solid substance was suctioned off, dissolved in water and neutralized with a basic ion exchanger. After removing the ion exchanger, the solution was brought to dryness on a rotary evaporator and the residue was recrystallized from water. Yield of 1-tosylamidomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin: 600 mg of melting point: 173-175 ° C
Die übrigen acht C-H-Protonen sind nicht einzeln zuzuordnen und absorbieren zwischen δ = 2,9 und δ= 3,9 ppm.The remaining eight C-H protons cannot be assigned individually and absorb between δ = 2.9 and δ = 3.9 ppm.
Die Verbindung wurde aus 1-Tosylamidomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin nach der Vorschrift des Beispiels 6 hergestellt.
F.P.: 218-219°C (aus H2O).
FP: 218-219 ° C (from H 2 O).
96o mg 1-Aminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin in 10 ml Methanol/Wasser 1:1 wurden bei -20°C mit 0,8 ml Phenylisocyanat 1/4 Stunde gerührt. Dann ließ man die Temperatur allmählich auf Raumtemperatur steigen. Nach Entfernen des Lösungsmittels wurde der Rückstand auf eine mit Cellulose gefüllte Säule aufgetragen. Es wurde mit Butanol, das 10 % Wasser enthielt, eluiert. Die Fraktionen, die das Desoxynojirimycinderivat enthielten, wurden zusammengefaßt und eingeengt. Der Rückstand wurde aus Ethanol umkristallisiert. Ausbeute: 400 mg 1-(N'-Phenylureidomethyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin vom Schmelzpunkt 161-162°C.96 mg of 1-aminomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin in 10 ml of methanol / water 1: 1 were stirred at -20 ° C. with 0.8 ml of phenyl isocyanate for 1/4 hour. Then the temperature was allowed to gradually rise to room temperature. After removing the solvent, the residue was applied to a column filled with cellulose. It was eluted with butanol containing 10% water. The fractions containing the deoxynojirimycin derivative were pooled and concentrated. The residue was recrystallized from ethanol. Yield: 400 mg of 1- (N'-phenylureidomethyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin with a melting point of 161-162 ° C.
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich finden sich bei m/e = 218, m/e = 200 und m/e = 187, ein weiterer kleiner Peak bei m/e = 293.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range can be found at m / e = 218, m / e = 200 and m / e = 187, another small peak at m / e = 293.
5 g N-(1-Desoxynojirimycin-yl)-essigsäure wurden in 50 ml Dimethylformamid 1/2 Stunde unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Das Lösungsmittel wurde im Hochvakuum am Rotationsverdampfer entfernt und das zurückbleibende Öl aus 25 ml Ethanol kristallisiert. Ausbeute an N-(1-Desoxynojirimycin-yl)-essigsäure-6-lacton: 3,5 g vom Schmelzpunkt 157-159°C.5 g of N- (1-deoxynojirimycin-yl) acetic acid were refluxed in 50 ml of dimethylformamide for 1/2 hour. The solvent was removed in a high vacuum on a rotary evaporator and the oil which remained was crystallized from 25 ml of ethanol. Yield of N- (1-deoxynojirimycin-yl) -acetic acid-6-lactone: 3.5 g of melting point 157-159 ° C.
500 mg N-(1-Desoxynojirimycin-yl)-essigsäure-6-lacton wurden mit 1 ml Benzylamin in 20 ml DMF 6 Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Das Lösungsmittel wurde im Hochvakuum entfernt und der Rückstand aus Ethanol/Aceton 1:2 umkristallisiert.500 mg of N- (1-deoxynojirimycin-yl) -acetic acid-6-lactone were refluxed with 1 ml of benzylamine in 20 ml of DMF for 6 hours. The solvent was removed under high vacuum and the residue recrystallized from ethanol / acetone 1: 2.
Ausbeute: 400 mg N-(1-Desoxynojirimycin-yl)-essigsäurebenzylamid vom Schmelzpunkt 129°C.Yield: 400 mg of N- (1-deoxynojirimycin-yl) acetic acid benzylamide with a melting point of 129 ° C.
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich finden sich bei m/e = 292, m/e = 279, m/e = 203 und m/e = 106.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range can be found at m / e = 292, m / e = 279, m / e = 203 and m / e = 106.
Auf analogem Wege wurde hergestellt:
- N-(1-Desoxynojirimycin-yl)-essigsäure-n-butylamid
- N- (1-deoxynojirimycin-yl) acetic acid-n-butylamide
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich finden sich bei m/e = 245, m/e = 203, m/e = 176, m/e = 159 und m/e = 145.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range can be found at m / e = 245, m / e = 203, m / e = 176, m / e = 159 and m / e = 145.
Zu 1,9 g LiAlH. in 50 ml absolutem THF wurde eine Suspension von 2,3 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin-1-carbonsäureethylester in 50 ml absolutem THF gegeben. Es wurde eine Stunde bei Raumtemperatur gerührt und dann 5 Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Anschließend wurden unter Rühren nacheinander 20 ml Essigester, 2 ml Wasser und 4 ml 15 %-ige KOH zugetropft. Der ausgefallene Niederschlag wurde abgesaugt und mit einem Methanol/Wassergemisch extrahiert. Der Methanol/Wasserextrakt wurde am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockne gebracht,und der Rückstand wurde mit Methanol extrahiert. Die methanolische Lösung wurde erneut eingeengt und der Rückstand mit Wasser auf eine mit stark saurem Austauscher in der H⊕-Form gefüllte Säule aufgetragen. Es wurde zuerst mit Wasser und dann mit 0,25 %-igem Ammoniak eluiert. Die Fraktionen, die 1-Hydroxymethyl-1-desoxy- nojirimycin enthielten, wurden zusammengefaßt und eingeengt. Es wurden 500 mg 1-Hydroxymethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin erhalten.To 1.9 g LiAlH. in 50 ml of absolute THF, a suspension of 2.3 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in 50 ml of absolute THF was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour and then refluxed for 5 hours. Subsequently, 20 ml of ethyl acetate, 2 ml of water and 4 ml of 15% KOH were added dropwise with stirring. The failed precipitation was suction filtered and extracted with a methanol / water mixture. The methanol / water extract was brought to dryness on a rotary evaporator and the residue was extracted with methanol. The methanolic solution was again concentrated and the residue was applied with water to a column filled with a strongly acidic exchanger in the H⊕ form. It was eluted first with water and then with 0.25% ammonia. The fractions containing 1-hydroxymethyl-1-deoxy-nojirimycin were pooled and concentrated. 500 mg of 1-hydroxymethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin were obtained.
Massenspektrum: Der wichtigste Peak (base peak) im oberen Massenbereich liegt bei m/e = 162. Kleinere Peaks findet man bei m/e = 144 und m/e = 102.Mass spectrum: The most important peak (base peak) in the upper mass range is m / e = 162. Smaller peaks can be found at m / e = 144 and m / e = 102.
Zu 2,1 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin in 40 ml Aceton und 15 ml Wasser wurden bei Raumtemperatur 3,5 g gepulvertes K2CO3 und 2,0 g Benzoylchlorid gegeben. Es wurde 3 Stunden auf 40°C erwärmt und dann über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur gerührt. Anschließend wurde von Salzen abfiltriert und die Lösung im Vakuum eingeengt. Der Rückstand wurde an einer Kieselgelsäule chromatographiert. Es wurde zunächst mit Essigester/Methanol 10:4 und schließlich mit Essigester/Methanol/Wasser/Ammoniak 10:4:0,5:0,02 eluiert. Es wurden Fraktionen von jeweils 10 ml aufgefangen. Die Fraktionen 51-57 enthielten 350 mg 6-O-Benzoyl-1-desoxynojirimycin vom F.P. 160°C (aus Methanol).3.5 g of powdered K 2 CO 3 and 2.0 g of benzoyl chloride were added to 2.1 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin in 40 ml of acetone and 15 ml of water at room temperature. The mixture was heated to 40 ° C. for 3 hours and then stirred at room temperature overnight. Then salts were filtered off and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column. It was eluted first with ethyl acetate / methanol 10: 4 and finally with ethyl acetate / methanol / water / ammonia 10: 4: 0.5: 0.02. Fractions of 10 ml each were collected. Fractions 51-57 contained 350 mg of 6-O-benzoyl-1-deoxynojirimycin from FP 160 ° C (from methanol).
5,2 g B-Methoxyacetaldehyddimethylacetal in 15 ml H,0 und 5 ml Methanol wurden mit 0,6 ml konz. HC1 48 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur und 6 Stunden bei 60°C hydrolysiert. Dann wurden bei Raumtemperatur 1,6 g 1-Desoxynojirimycin und 0,7 g NaCNBH, hinzugegeben. Man ließ über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur und dann noch 12 Stdn. bei 50°C reagieren. Das Reaktionsgemisch wurde im Vakuum zur Trockne gebracht, der Rückstand in Wasser auf eine mit stark saurem Ionenaustauscher in der H⊕-Form (Amberlite IR 120) gefüllte Säule aufgetragen. Es wurde zunächst mit Wasser, dann mit 2 %-igem Ammoniak eluiert. Die Fraktionen, die N-(β-Methoxyethyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin enthielten, wurden zusammengefaßt und eingeengt. Der Rückstand wurde zur Trennung von wenig Ausgangsprodukt (1-Desoxynojirimycin) an einer Cellulosesäule chromatographiert. Als Fließmittel wurde Butanol/Wasser 9:1 verwendet.5.2 g of B-methoxyacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal in 15 ml of H, 0 and 5 ml of methanol were mixed with 0.6 ml of conc. HC1 hydrolyzed for 48 hours at room temperature and 6 hours at 60 ° C. Then 1.6 g of 1-deoxynojirimycin and 0.7 g of NaCNBH were added at room temperature. The mixture was left to react overnight at room temperature and then for a further 12 hours at 50 ° C. The reaction mixture was brought to dryness in vacuo, the residue in water was applied to a column filled with strongly acidic ion exchanger in the H⊕ form (Amberlite IR 120). It was eluted first with water and then with 2% ammonia. The fractions containing N- (β-methoxyethyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin were pooled and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a cellulose column to separate little starting material (1-deoxynojirimycin). Butanol / water 9: 1 was used as flow agent.
Ausbeute an N-(β-Methoxyethyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin: 1,2 g.Yield of N- (β-methoxyethyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin: 1.2 g.
Rf-Wert 0,57 (dünnschichtchromatographisch auf gebrauchsfertigen Silicagel 60-Platten der Fa. Merck, Laufmittel: Äthylacetat/ Methanol/H2O/25 % Ammoniak 100:60:40:2).Rf value 0.57 (thin layer chromatography on ready-to-use silica gel 60 plates from Merck, eluent: ethyl acetate / methanol / H 2 O / 25% ammonia 100: 60: 40: 2).
Zum Vergleich Rf-Wert für 1-Desoxynojirimycin = 0,3.For comparison, the Rf value for 1-deoxynojirimycin = 0.3.
Auf analogem Wege wurden erhalten:
- N-(ß-Methylmercaptoethyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich liegen bei m/e = 220, m/e = 206 und m/e = 176 (base peak). - N-(β-Ethylmercaptoethyl)-1-desoxynojirimycin
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich liegen bei m/e = 220 und m/e = 176 (base peak). - N-[β-(β'-Methoxy)-ethoxyethyl]-1-desoxynojirimycin
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks im oberen Massenbereich liegen bei m/e = 234 und m/e = 176. Weitere Peaks findet man bei m/e = 218, m/e=204, m/e = 158, m/e = 146 und m/e = 132.
- N- (β-methylmercaptoethyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range are m / e = 220, m / e = 206 and m / e = 176 (base peak). - N- (β-ethylmercaptoethyl) -1-deoxynojirimycin
Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range are m / e = 220 and m / e = 176 (base peak). - N- [β- (β'-methoxy) ethoxyethyl] -1-deoxynojirimycin
Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range are m / e = 234 and m / e = 176. Further peaks can be found at m / e = 21 8, m / e = 204 , m / e = 15 8, m / e = 1 46 and m / e = 132.
Die Verbindung wurde aus 1-Acetamidomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin durch reduktive Alkylierung mit Nonylaldehyd und NaCNBH, in Methanol in Analogie zu Beispiel 3 erhalten.The compound was obtained from 1-acetamidomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin by reductive alkylation with nonylaldehyde and NaCNBH, in methanol in analogy to Example 3.
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten Peaks des oberen Massenbereicks liegen bei m/e = 329, m/e = 288 (base peak), m/e = 270 und m /e = 258.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range are m / e = 329, m / e = 288 (base peak), m / e = 270 and m / e = 258.
Zu 1,9 g 1-Aminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin in 40 ml Methanol wurden bei 0°C 1,2 ml Essigsäure, 1,56 g Nonylaldehyd und 0,7 g NaCNBH3 gegeben. Es wurde eine Stunde bei 0°C und dann über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur gerührt. Dann wurde das Reaktionsgemisch am Rotationsverdampfer zur Trockne gebracht. Der Rückstand wurde in Wasser aufgenommen und auf eine mit stark saurem Ionenaustauscher in der H⊕-Form (Amberlite IR 120) gefüllte Säule aufqetragen. Die Säule wurde mit Ethanol/Wasser 1:1, dann mit 0,3 %-igem wäßrigem Ammoniak und schließlich mit einem 1:1-Gemisch von Ethanol und 0,6 %-igem wäßrigem Ammoniak eluiert. Die Fraktionen, die nach dünnschichtchromatographischer Überprüfung 1-n-Nonylaminomethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin enthielten, wurden zusammengefaßt und eingeengt. Ausbeute: 1 g.1.2 ml of acetic acid, 1.56 g of nonylaldehyde and 0.7 g of NaCNBH 3 were added to 1.9 g of 1-aminomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin in 40 ml of methanol at 0 ° C. The mixture was stirred at 0 ° C. for one hour and then at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was then brought to dryness on a rotary evaporator. The residue was taken up in water and applied to a column filled with strongly acidic ion exchanger in the H⊕ form (Amberlite IR 120). The column was eluted with 1: 1 ethanol / water, then with 0.3% aqueous ammonia and finally with a 1: 1 mixture of ethanol and 0.6% aqueous ammonia. The fractions which contained 1-n-nonylaminomethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin after checking by thin layer chromatography were pooled and concentrated. Yield: 1 g.
Rf-Wert: 0,52; 1-Desoxynojirimycin: 0,3. Platten und Laufmittel wie in Deispiel 25.Rf value: 0.52; 1-deoxynojirimycin: 0.3. Plates and solvents as in example 25.
In eine Lösung von 294,0 g (0,5 Mol) 3-O-Benzyl-6-0-triphenylmethyl-1.2-isopropyliden-5-amino-5-desoxy-a-D-glucofuranose in 800 ml absolutem THF und 83,6 ml Triethylamin werden unter Eiskühlung 57 ml Chlorameisensäureethylester, gelöst in 360 ml absolutem THF,getropft. Es wird 2 Stdn. bei 20°C nachgerührt, vom ausgefallenen Salz abgesaugt und eingeengt. Es wird in Essigester aufgenommen, zweimal mit Wasser ausgeschüttelt, getrocknet und eingeengt. Man erhält 318,6 g (98,3 % d.Th.) rohes 3-0-Benzyl-6-0-triphenylmethyl-1.2-0-isopropyliden-5-ethoxycarbonylamino-5-desoxy-α-D-glucofuranose als leicht gelbes öl.In a solution of 294.0 g (0.5 mol) of 3-O-benzyl-6-0-triphenylmethyl-1,2-isopropylidene-5-amino-5-deoxy-aD-glucofuranose in 800 ml of absolute THF and 83.6 57 ml of ethyl chloroformate, dissolved in 360 ml of absolute THF, are added dropwise with ice cooling to ml of triethylamine. The mixture is stirred at 20 ° C for 2 hours, suctioned off from the precipitated salt and concentrated. It is taken up in ethyl acetate, shaken twice with water, dried and concentrated. 318.6 g (98.3% of theory) of crude 3-0-benzyl-6-0-triphenylmethyl-1.2-0-isopropylidene-5-ethoxycarbonylamino-5-deoxy-α-D-glucofuranose are obtained as light yellow oil.
174,7 g dieses öles werden in 340 ml absolutem Ether gelöst und bei 10°C bis 15°C in eine Suspension von 39 g Lithiumaluminium-hydrid in 690 ml absolutem Ether getropft. Es wird anschließend 5 Stdn. zum Rückfluß erhitzt. Unter Eiskühlung wird danach durch Eintropfen von 520 ml Essigester, 40 ml Wasser und schließlich 78,5 ml 15 %-iger Kalilauge zersetzt. Es wird abgesaugt, mit Ether gewaschen und i.V. eingedampft. Man erhält 144,2 g (91,3 % d.Th.) 3-0-Benzyl-6-0-triphenylmethyl-1.2-isopropyliden-5-methylamino-5-desoxy-a-D-glucofuranose als farbloses öl.174.7 g of this oil are dissolved in 340 ml of absolute ether and added dropwise at 10 ° C to 15 ° C in a suspension of 39 g of lithium aluminum hydride in 690 ml of absolute ether. It is then heated to reflux for 5 hours. The mixture is then decomposed with ice cooling by dropping 520 ml of ethyl acetate, 40 ml of water and finally 78.5 ml of 15% potassium hydroxide solution. It is suctioned off, washed with ether and i.V. evaporated. 144.2 g (91.3% of theory) of 3-0-benzyl-6-0-triphenylmethyl-1,2-isopropylidene-5-methylamino-5-deoxy-a-D-glucofuranose are obtained as a colorless oil.
Dieses Rohprodukt wird in 165 ml absolutem Tetrahydrofuran gelöst und bei -70°C in eine mit Trockeneis/Aceton gekühlte Mischung von 24,6 g Natrium in 820 ml flüssigem Ammoniak getropft. Es wird noch 2,5 g Natrium portionsweise zugegeben und 2 Stdn. nachgerührt. Dann wird bei -70°C portionsweise mit 91 g Ammonchlorid versetzt und über Nacht ohne Kältebad abrauchen gelassen. Die erhaltene Suspension wird mit 500 ml Methanol verrührt. Es wird abgesaugt und das Filtrat eingeengt. Der Eindampfrückstand wird in Wasser/Chloroform aufgenommen und getrennt. Die wäßrige Phase wird eingeengt. Das so erhaltene Rohprodukt wird über eine Austauscher-Säule Dowex 50 WX 4 gereinigt. Man erhält nach Umkristallisation aus Essigester 14,8 g (24,3 % d.Th.) 5-Methylamino-5-desoxy-1.2-0-isopropyliden-a-D-glucofuranose vom Schmelzpunkt 124°C - 126°C.This crude product is dissolved in 165 ml of absolute tetrahydrofuran and dripped at -70 ° C. into a mixture of 24.6 g of sodium in 820 ml of liquid ammonia cooled with dry ice / acetone. A further 2.5 g of sodium are added in portions and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours. Then 91 g of ammonium chloride are added in portions at -70 ° C. and the mixture is left to smoke overnight without a cold bath. The suspension obtained is stirred with 500 ml of methanol. It is suctioned off and the filtrate is concentrated. The evaporation residue is taken up in water / chloroform and Cut. The aqueous phase is concentrated. The crude product thus obtained is purified on a Dowex 50 WX 4 exchanger column. After recrystallization from ethyl acetate, 14.8 g (24.3% of theory) of 5-methylamino-5-deoxy-1.2-0-isopropylidene-aD-glucofuranose with a melting point of 124 ° C.-126 ° C. are obtained.
C10H19NO5 (239,2) Ber.: C = 51,5 H = 8,15 N = 6,0C 10 H 19 NO 5 (239.2) Calc .: C = 51.5 H = 8.15 N = 6.0
Eine Lösung von 470 mg 5-Methylamino-5-desoxy-1.2-0-isopropyliden- a-D-glucofuranose in 2 ml 6n HC1 wird 16 Stdn. im Kühlschrank stehengelassen, anschließend wird im Vakuum bei 20°C eingeengt, zweimal in Wasser gelöst und wieder eingeengt.A solution of 470 mg of 5-methylamino-5-deoxy-1.2-0-isopropylidene-aD-glucofuranose in 2 ml of 6N HC1 is left in the refrigerator for 16 hours, then concentrated in vacuo at 20 ° C., dissolved twice in water and narrowed down again.
Das auf diese Weise erhaltene nichtkristalline N-Methyl-nojirimycin-hydrochlorid zeigte im Saccharasehemmtest eine dreifach stärkere Wirkung als 1-Desoxy-nojirimycin.The non-crystalline N-methyl-nojirimycin hydrochloride obtained in this way showed in the sucrose inhibition test a three times stronger effect than 1-deoxy-nojirimycin.
20 g 1-0-Acetyl-2.3-0-isopropyliden-6-p-toluolsulfonyl- a-L-sorbofuranose vom Schmelzpunkt 120°C werden mit 30 ml Anilin 5 Stdn. auf 110°C erhitzt. Es wird abgekühlt, mit 200 ml Essigester versetzt und vom erhaltenen Rückstand filtriert. Es wird im Vakuum eingeengt und überschüssiges Anilin durch Destillation im Hochvakuum entfernt. Der erhaltene Rückstand wird durch Austauscherchromatographie mit Dowex 50 WX 4 gereinigt. Man erhält nach Umkristallisation aus Essigester/ Petrolether 3,0 g 6-Phenylamino-2.3-0-isopropyliden-6-desoxy- a-L-sorbofuranose vom Schmelzpunkt 156°C.20 g of 1-0-acetyl-2.3-0-isopropylidene-6-p-toluenesulfonyl-a-L-sorbofuranose with a melting point of 120 ° C. are heated to 110 ° C. for 5 hours with 30 ml of aniline. It is cooled, mixed with 200 ml of ethyl acetate and filtered from the residue obtained. It is concentrated in vacuo and excess aniline is removed by distillation in a high vacuum. The residue obtained is purified by exchange chromatography with Dowex 50 WX 4. After recrystallization from ethyl acetate / petroleum ether, 3.0 g of 6-phenylamino-2.3-0-isopropylidene-6-deoxy-a-L-sorbofuranose with a melting point of 156 ° C. are obtained.
1,0 g 6-Phenylamino-2.3-0-isopropyliden-6-desoxy-a-L-sorbo- furanose werden in 4 ml 6n HCl 24 Stdn. gelöst und bei 0°C stehengelassen. Anschließend wird mit 6 ml Wasser verdünnt, mit 3 ml Triethylamin auf pH 6-7 eingestellt und nach Zugabe von 1 g Raney-Nickel 3 Stdn. bei einem Druck von 3,5 Bar hydriert. Es wird vom Katalysator filtriert und i.V. eingeengt. Das Gemisch wird über eine Austauschersäule Dowex 50 WX 4 gereinigt. Man erhält 470 mg eines leicht gelben öles, welches beim Verreiben mit Ethanol kristallisierte.1.0 g of 6-phenylamino-2.3-0-isopropylidene-6-deoxy-a-L-sorbofuranose are dissolved in 4 ml of 6N HCl for 24 hours and left to stand at 0 ° C. The mixture is then diluted with 6 ml of water, adjusted to pH 6-7 with 3 ml of triethylamine and, after addition of 1 g of Raney nickel, hydrogenated for 3 hours at a pressure of 3.5 bar. It is filtered from the catalyst and i.V. constricted. The mixture is cleaned on a Dowex 50 WX 4 exchange column. 470 mg of a slightly yellow oil are obtained, which crystallize on trituration with ethanol.
Massenspektrum: Die wichtigsten peaks des oberen Massenbereiches sind bei m/e = 239, m/e = 208 und m/e = 148.Mass spectrum: The most important peaks in the upper mass range are at m / e = 239, m / e = 208 and m / e = 1 48.
2 g (12,25 mMol) 1-Desoxy-nojirimycin werden in 40 ml absolutem Methanol und 1,8 ml (30 mMol) Eisessig gelöst und nacheinander mit 5,2 ml (50 mMol) Cyclohexanon und 3,4 g (54 mMol) Natriumcyanoborhydrid versetzt. Diese Mischung wird 96 Stdn. zum Rückfluß erhitzt (DC-Kontrolle), abgekühlt und im Vakuum eingeengt. Der sirupose Eindampfrückstand wird in Methanol/Wasser 1:1 aufgenommen und über eine Austauschersäule mit Dowex 50 WX 4 H⊕-Form gereinigt. Man erhält 1,9 g reines Produkt. Rf: 0,58; Essigester/Methanol/Wasser/25%iges Ammoniakwasser 120:70:10:1, DC-Platten Kieselgel 60 F 254 Merck Rf 1-Desoxy-nojirimycin: 0,132 g (12.25 mmol) of 1-deoxy-nojirimycin are dissolved in 40 ml of absolute methanol and 1.8 ml (30 mmol) of glacial acetic acid and successively with 5.2 ml (50 mmol) of cyclohexanone and 3.4 g (54 mmol) ) Sodium cyanoborohydride added. This mixture is heated to reflux for 96 hours (TLC control), cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The syrupy evaporation residue is taken up 1: 1 in methanol / water and cleaned on an exchange column with Dowex 50 WX 4 H⊕ form. 1.9 g of pure product are obtained. Rf: 0.58; Ethyl acetate / methanol / water / 25% ammonia water 120: 70: 10: 1, TLC plates silica gel 60 F 254 Merck Rf 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: 0.13
1 g 6-Cyclohexylamino-2.3-0-isopropyliden-6-desoxy-a-L-sorbo- furanose vom Schmelzpunkt 95°C (hergestellt aus 1-O-Acetyl-2.3-0-isopropyliden-6-0-p-toluolsulfonyl-a-L-sorbofuranose durch Kochen mit Cyclohexylamin in Butanol) wird in einer Mischung von 6 ml Methanol/6n Salzsäure 1:1 bei 0°C 40 Stdn. stehengelassen, mit 10 ml Wasser verdünnt, mit 3,0 ml Triethylamin versetzt und nach Zugabe von Platindioxid 2 Stdn. bei 3,5 Bar hydriert. Es wird vom Katalysator filtriert, im Vakuum eingeengt und durch Austauscherchromatographie an Dowex 50 WX 4 gereinigt. Man erhält 610 mg 1-Cyclohexyl-1-desoxy-nojirimycin, das identisch ist mit dem nach Methode A hergestellten Produkt.1 g of 6-cyclohexylamino-2.3-0-isopropylidene-6-deoxy-aL-sorbofuranose with a melting point of 95 ° C. (prepared from 1-O-acetyl-2.3-0-isopropylidene-6-0-p-toluenesulfonyl-aL -sorbofuranose by boiling with cyclohexylamine in butanol) is left in a mixture of 6 ml of methanol / 6N hydrochloric acid 1: 1 at 0 ° C. for 40 hours, diluted with 10 ml of water, mixed with 3.0 ml of triethylamine and after adding platinum dioxide Hydrogenated at 3.5 bar for 2 hours. It is filtered from the catalyst, concentrated in vacuo and purified by exchange chromatography on Dowex 50 WX 4. 610 mg of 1-cyclohexyl-1-deoxy-nojirimycin are obtained, which is identical to the product prepared by method A.
Analog Methode A wurden hergestellt:
- N-Isopropyl-1-desoxy-nojirimycin Rf: 0,45
- N-(1-Methyl-decyl)-1-desoxy-nojirimycin, Diastereomerengemisch Rf: 0,79 und 0,86
- (Platten und Laufmittel wie in Beispiel 30 angegeben)
- N-isopropyl-1-deoxy-nojirimycin Rf: 0.45
- N- (1-methyl-decyl) -1-deoxy-nojirimycin, mixture of diastereomers Rf: 0.79 and 0.86
- (Plates and eluent as indicated in Example 30)
186 g (0,5 Mol) 3-0-Benzyl-6-desoxy-1.2-0-isopropyliden-5-0-methylsulfonyl-B-L-idofuranose (hergestellt nach: T.D. Inch, Carbohyd.Res.(1967), 45-52), 500 ml Dimethylsulfoxid und 65 g (1 Mol) NaN, wurden 5 Stdn. auf 120-125°C unter einem leichten Stickstoffstrom erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen wurde der Ansatz auf 500 ml Eiswasser gegeben, 3 x mit Petrolether extrahiert, die organische Phase mit Wasser gewaschen und über Na2SO4 getrocknet. Nach dem Einrotieren erhielt man 156 g (99 %)der rohen 5-Azido-3-0-benzyl-5.6-didesoxy-1.2-0-isopropyliden-α-D-glucofuranose als öl, die bei Bedarf durch Chromatographie an Kieselgel der Fa.Merck (70-230 mesh) mit Hexan/Ether 3:1 als Laufmittel rein dargestellt werden kann.186 g (0.5 mol) of 3-0-benzyl-6-deoxy-1.2-0-isopropylidene-5-0-methylsulfonyl-BL-idofuranose (manufactured by: TD Inch, Carbohyd.Res. (1967), 45- 52), 500 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide and 65 g (1 mol) of NaN were heated at 120-125 ° C. for 5 hours under a gentle stream of nitrogen. After cooling, the mixture was added to 500 ml of ice water, extracted 3 times with petroleum ether, the organic phase washed with water and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . After spinning in, 156 g (99%) of the crude 5-azido-3-0-benzyl-5.6-dideoxy-1.2-0-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose were obtained as an oil, which, if necessary, by chromatography on silica gel from the company .Merck (70-230 mesh) with hexane / ether 3: 1 as eluent can be represented purely.
Charakteristische Banden im 1H-NMR (100 MHz, Lösungsmittel C6D6) sind: δ = 7.15 ppm (m, 5H), 5.72 ppm (d, J=4Hz, 1H), 1.32 ppm (s, 3H), 1.17 ppm (d, J=6Hz, 3H), 1.06 ppm (s, 3H).Characteristic bands in 1 H-NMR (100 MHz, solvent C 6 D 6 ) are: δ = 7.15 ppm (m, 5H), 5.72 ppm (d, J = 4 H z, 1 H ), 1.32 ppm (s, 3H) ), 1.17 ppm (d, J = 6 H z, 3H), 1.06 ppm (s, 3H).
Man legte 6 g (0,156 Mol) LiAlH, in 250 ml wasserfreiem Tetrahydrofuran vor und tropfte bei Raumtemperatur 100 g (0,313 Mol) ungereinigte 5-Azido-3-0-benzyl-5.6-didesoxy-1.2-0-isopropyliden- a-D-glucofuranose in 200 ml wasserfreiem Tetrahydrofuran hinzu. Der Ansatz wurde über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur gerührt und 1 Std. unter Rückfluß gekocht. Nach dem Abkühlen gab man unter Eiskühlung tropfenweise 6 ml Wasser und anschließend 18 ml 15 %-ige KOH-Lösung hinzu, rührte über Nacht, saugte den Niederschlag ab und rotierte das Filtrat ein. Der Rückstand wurde in 500 ml Ether aufgenommen und zweimal mit 100 ml 2normaler Salzsäure extrahiert. Die wäßrige Phase stellte man mit 45 %-iger NaOH-Lösung alkalisch und extrahierte dreimal mit je 200 ml Ether. Nach dem Trocknen der organischen Phase über Na2SO4 wurde das Lösungsmittel abrotiert. Man erhielt 62,5 g (68 %) 5-Amino-3-0-benzyl-5.6- didesoxy-1.2-0-isopropyliden-α-D-glucofuranose als öl.6 g (0.156 mol) of LiAlH were placed in 250 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran and 100 g (0.313 mol) of unpurified 5-azido-3-0-benzyl-5.6-dideoxy-1.2-0-isopropylidene-aD-glucofuranose were added dropwise at room temperature in 200 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and refluxed for 1 hour. After cooling, 6 ml of water and then 18 ml of 15% KOH solution were added dropwise with ice cooling, the mixture was stirred overnight, the precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was rotated in. The residue was taken up in 500 ml of ether and extracted twice with 100 ml of 2 normal hydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase was made alkaline with 45% NaOH solution and extracted three times with 200 ml ether. After drying the organic phase over Na 2 SO 4 , the solvent was spun off. 62.5 g (68%) of 5-amino-3-0-benzyl-5.6-dideoxy-1.2-0-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose were obtained as an oil.
Das 1H-NMR (100 MHz, CDC1, als Lösungsmittel) zeigt folgende charakteristische Banden: δ= 7.3 ppm (m, 5H), 5.8 ppm (d, J=4Hz, 1H), 5.70 ppm (d, J=12Hz, 1H), 5.58 ppm (d, J=4Hz, 1H), 5.42 ppm (d, J=12Hz, 1H), 3.98 ppm (d, J=4Hz), 1.45 ppm (s, 3H), 1.30 ppm (s, 3H), 1.15 ppm (d, J=6Hz, 3H).The 1 H-NMR (100 MHz, CDC1, as solvent) shows the following characteristic bands: δ = 7.3 ppm (m, 5H), 5.8 ppm (d, J = 4Hz, 1H), 5.70 ppm (d, J = 12 H) z, 1H), 5.58 ppm (d, J = 4 H z, 1H), 5.42 ppm (d, J = 12 H z, 1H), 3.98 ppm (d, J = 4Hz ), 1.45 ppm (s, 3H) , 1.30 ppm (s, 3H), 1.15 ppm (d, J = 6Hz, 3H).
50 g (0,17 Mol) 5-Amino-3-0-benzyl-5.6-didesoxy-1.2-0-isopropyliden- a-D-glucofuranose in 1 L Methanol wurden in Gegenwart von 10g Palladium auf Kohle (5 %-ig) bei 60°C unter einem Druck von 70 atm 5 Stdn. hydriert. Nach dem Abfiltrieren des Katalysators wurde das Lösungsmittel abrotiert. Ausbeute: 25,7 g (76 %). Durch Umkristallisieren aus Essigester erhält man Kristalle.50 g (0.17 mol) of 5-amino-3-0-benzyl-5.6-dideoxy-1.2-0-isopropylidene-aD-glucofuranose in 1 L of methanol were added in the presence of 10 g of palladium on carbon (5%) Hydrogenated at 60 ° C under a pressure of 70 atm for 5 hours. After filtering off the catalyst, the solvent was spun off. Yield: 25.7 g (76%). Crystallization is obtained by recrystallization from ethyl acetate.
Das 1H-NMR (100 MHz, Substanz gelöst in CDC1, und ausgeschüttelt mit D2O): δ= 5.97 ppm (d, J=4Hz, 1H), 4.50 ppm (d, J=4Hz, 1H), 4.34 ppm (d, J=4Hz, 1H), 1.49 ppm (s, 3H), 1.32 ppm (s, 3H), 1.28 ppm (d, J=6Hz, 3H).The 1 H-NMR (100 MHz, substance dissolved in CDC1, and shaken out with D 2 O): δ = 5.97 ppm (d, J = 4Hz, 1H), 4.50 ppm (d, J = 4Hz, 1H), 4.34 ppm (d, J = 4Hz, 1H), 1.49 ppm (s, 3H), 1.32 ppm (s, 3H), 1.28 ppm (d, J = 6Hz, 3H).
10 g (0,049 Mol) 5-Amino-5.6-didesoxy-1.2-0-isopropyliden- a-D-glucofurose wurden in 50 ml Wasser suspendiert und 15 Stdn.10 g (0.049 mol) of 5-amino-5.6-dideoxy-1.2-0-isopropylidene-aD-glucofurose were suspended in 50 ml of water and 15 hours.
10 g (0,041 Mol) 5-Amino-5.6-didesoxy-D-glucose-1-sulfonsäure, 120 ml Wasser, 13,3 g Ba(OH)2 x 8 H2O (0,042 Mol) und 10 g Raney-Nickel wurden bei Raumtemperatur und Normaldruck bis zum Ende der Wasserstoffaufnahme (etwa 7 Stdn.) hydriert. Der Ansatz wurde filtriert und das Filtrat i.Vak. eingedampft. Es blieb ein öl zurück, das nach kurzer Zeit durchkristallisierte und sich aus Methanol umkristallisieren ließ. Ausbeute: 5,3 g (83 %) , Fp. 163-164°C.10 g (0.041 mol) 5-amino-5.6-dideoxy-D-glucose-1-sulfonic acid, 120 ml water, 13.3 g Ba (OH) 2 x 8 H 2 O (0.042 mol) and 10 g Raney nickel were hydrogenated at room temperature and normal pressure until the end of the hydrogen uptake (about 7 hours). The mixture was filtered and the filtrate i.Vak. evaporated. An oil remained, which crystallized after a short time and could be recrystallized from methanol. Yield: 5.3 g (83%), mp 163-164 ° C.
Als charakteristische Banden im 1H-NMR (100 MHz, Lösungsmittel D2O) seien angeführt:
- δ= 3.24 ppm, 1.12 ppm (d, J=6 Hz).
- δ = 3.24 ppm, 1.12 ppm (d, J = 6 Hz).
Schwefeldioxid eingeleitet. Es entstand eine klare Lösung, worauf auf 60°C erwärmt wurde. Nach etwa 4 Stdn. begann die Abscheidung kristalliner 5-Amino-5.6-didesoxy-D-glucose-1-sulfonsäure. Zur Aufarbeitung versetzte man den Ansatz mit 100 ml Methanol, ließ über Nacht stehen und.saugte den Niederschlag von 5-Amino-5.6-didesoxy-D-glucose-1-sulfonsäure ab. Ausbeute: 8,5 g (71 %) , Fp. 180°C Zers.Initiated sulfur dioxide. A clear solution resulted, whereupon the mixture was heated to 60.degree. The deposition of crystalline 5-amino-5.6-dideoxy-D-glucose-1-sulfonic acid began after about 4 hours. For working up, the batch was mixed with 100 ml of methanol, left to stand overnight and the precipitate of 5-amino-5.6-dideoxy-D-glucose-1-sulfonic acid was suctioned off. Yield: 8.5 g (71%), mp. 180 ° C dec.
Das 1H-NMR (100 MHz, Lösungsmittel DMSO-d6) zeigt als charakteristische Bande bei 6= 1.13 ppm ein Dublett mit J=6Hz.The 1 H-NMR (100 MHz, solvent DMSO-d 6 ) shows as a characteristic band at 6 = 1.13 ppm a doublet with J = 6Hz.
0,8 g (0,01 Mol) Desoxynojirimycin, 7,2 g (0,04 Mol) Glucose, 40 ml Methanol, 10 ml Wasser, 1,5 ml Eisessig und 1,3 g NaBN3CN wurden über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur gerührt und anschließend 6 Stdn. unter Rückfluß gekocht. Der Ansatz wurde i.Vak. zur Trockene eingedampft, mit 10 ml 2n HC1 versetzt, bis zum Ende der Wasserstoffentwicklung auf 40°C erwärmt, auf eine Säule (30 cm lang, 2,5 cm Durchmesser) mit saurem Ionenaustauscher (Lewatit TWS 40) gegeben und mit 2 L Wasser nachgewaschen. Das Reaktionsprodukt wurde anschließend mit 0,3N NH3-Lösung von der Säule eluiert, das Eluat i.Vak. eingedampft und der Rückstand an 100 g Kieselgel der Fa. Merck (70-230 mesh) mit Methanol/konz. Ammoniak-Lösung im Verhältnis 10:5 säulenchromatographisch gereinigt.
Ausbeute: 1 g.0.8 g (0.01 mol) deoxynojirimycin, 7.2 g (0.04 mol) glucose, 40 ml methanol, 10 ml water, 1.5 ml glacial acetic acid and 1.3 g NaBN 3 CN were added overnight at room temperature stirred and then boiled under reflux for 6 hours. The approach was i.Vak. evaporated to dryness, mixed with 10 ml of 2N HC1, warmed to 40 ° C. until the evolution of hydrogen ceased, placed on a column (30 cm long, 2.5 cm in diameter) with an acidic ion exchanger (Lewatit TWS 40) and with 2 L of water washed. The reaction product was then eluted from the column with 0.3N NH 3 solution, the eluate i.Vak. evaporated and the residue on 100 g of silica gel from Merck (70-230 mesh) with methanol / conc. Ammonia solution in the ratio 10: 5 purified by column chromatography.
Yield: 1 g.
Das Reaktionsprodukt läßt sich durch folgende Fragmente im Massenspektrum charakterisieren: m/e = 296 (20 %), 278 (15 %), 176 (100 %), 158 (30 %), 132 (30 %).The reaction product can be characterized by the following fragments in the mass spectrum: m / e = 296 (20%), 278 (15%), 176 (100%), 158 (30%), 132 (30%).
440 g 5,6-Anhydro-3-0-benzyl-1,2-0-isopropyliden-ß-L-idofura- nose 1,5 1 Methanol und 92 g Natriummethylat wurden 1 Stunde unter Rückfluß gekocht. Nach dem Abkühlen wurde mit Eisessig neutralisiert, Methanol abdestilliert, der Rückstand auf 300 ml Wasser gegeben und mit Chloroform extrahiert. Nach dem Trocknen über Natriumsulfat und Abdestillieren des Lösungsmittels blieben 388 g eines Öls.
Zu 384 g (1), 380 ml Pyridin und 760 ml Chloroform tropfte man bei 0°C 148 ml Methansulfonsäurechlorid und rührte über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur. Zur Aufarbeitung gab man 200 ml Eiswasser hinzu, rührte 20 Minuten und extrahierte dreimal mit je 200 ml Chloroform. Die organische Phase wurde zweimal mit verdünnter Salzsäure, anschließend mit Wasser und mit 10%iger Natriumhydrogencarbonatsösung gewaschen und über Natriumsulfat getrocknet. Nach dem Abdestillieren des Lösungsmittels im Vakuum wurde der Rückstand aus Essigester umkristallisiert. Man erhielt 347 g.148 ml of methanesulfonic acid chloride were added dropwise to 384 g (1), 380 ml of pyridine and 760 ml of chloroform and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For working up, 200 ml of ice water were added, the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and extracted three times with 200 ml of chloroform. The organic phase was washed twice with dilute hydrochloric acid, then with water and with 10% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent had been distilled off in vacuo, the residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate. 347 g were obtained.
Aus der Mutterlauge konnte man nach Filtration über 200 g Kieselgel weitere 26 g isolieren.
- Ausbeute: 79 %
- Schmelzpunkt: 133°C.
- Yield: 79%
- Melting point: 133 ° C.
201 g (2) 500 ml Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid und 65 g Natriumazid wurden unter einem leichten Stickstoffatom über Nach auf 100 - 110°C erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen wurde die Mischung auf Eiswasser gegossen, 4 mal mit Äther extrahiert, die vereinigten Ätherextrakte mit verdünnter Salzsäure, Wasser und NaHCO3-Lösung gewaschen, über Na2S04 getrocknet im Vakuum eingedampft. Es blieben 159 g (91 %) zurück.
Zu 7,3 g LiAlH4 in 500 ml wasserfreien Tetrahydrofuran (THF) tropfte man 134,5 g (3) in 200 ml wasserfreiem THF bei Raumtemperatur hinzu, rührte 4 Stunden und ließ den Ansatz über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur stehen. Dann tropfte man 7,3 ml H20 langsam hinzu, versetzte anschließend mit 22 ml 15%iger KOH-Lösung und rührte 8 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur. Der Niederschlag wurde abgesaugt, mit THF gewaschen und das Filtrat im Vakuum eingedampft. Das erhaltene Öl wurde mit 300 ml Äther überschichtet und unter Eiskühlung bei 0 - 10°C mit 150 ml 5 N Salzsäure versetzt, die organische Phase abgetrennt, einmal mit verdünnter Salzsäure und die vereinigten wässrigen Phasen einmal mit Äther gewaschen. Anschließend versetzte man die wäßrige Phase mit 100 ml 40%iger NaOH-Lösung und extrahierte dreimal mit je 150 ml Äther. Die vereinigten Äther-Extrakte wurden über Na2S04 getrocknet und im Vakuum eingedampft. Es blieben 91 g als Öl zurück.
Zu 1,51 flüssigem Ammoniak gab man bei -70°C eine Lösung von 85 g (4) in 500 ml wasserfreiem THF und fügt anschließend 30,5 g Natrium in kleinen Stücken hinzu. Nach 4 Stunden wurde der Ansatz portionsweise vorsichtig mit insgesamt 106 g NH4C1 versetzt und anschließend über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur stehen gelassen, wobei der Ammoniak abdampfte. Der Rückstand wurde mit Methanol versetzt, der Niederschlag abgesaugt und das Filtrat im Vakuum eingedampft. Den Rückstand nahme man in Äther und verdünnter Salzsäure bei 0 - 10°C auf, extrahierte die Ätherphase dreimal mit insgesamt 300 ml verdünnter Salzsäure, versetzte die vereinigten Salzsäurephasen mit 200 ml konzentrierter Natronlauge und extrahierte dreimal mit insgesamt 600 ml Chloroform. Nach dem Trocknen des Chloroform-Extraktes über Na2S04 wurde das Lösungsmittel im Vakuum abgedampft und der Rückstand aus Essigester umkristallisiert. Man erhielt 47 g (77 %), Schmelzpunkt 95 - 96°C.
10 g (5) wurden in 50 ml Wasser gelöst. Dann wurde 2 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur, anschließend über Nacht bei 60°C S02 in die Lösung eingeleitet. Der Kristallbrei wurde mit 100 ml Methanol versetzt, 1 Tag bei Raumtemperatur stehen gelassen, der Niederschlag abgesaugt und über CaC12 im Vakuum getrocknet. Man erhielt 11,8 g (99 %). Schmelzpunkt 1540C (unter Zersetzen)
11 g (6) versetzte man in 90 ml Wasser mit 13.3 g Ba(OH)2·8 H2O. Das Produkt wurde ohne Isolierung in Gegenwart von 5 g Raney-Nickel unter Normaldruck bei Raumtemperatur 10 Stunden hydriert. Das Ungelöste wurde abfiltriert und die klare Lösung wurde im Vakuum eingedampft. Der Rückstand wurde in 30 ml 2 N Salzsäure aufgenommen und auf eine Säule mit saurem Ionenaustauscher gegeben. Es wurde mit 2 1 Wasser nachgewaschen und mit 0,3 N Ammoniak-Lösung eluiert. Nach dem Eindampfen des Eluats im Vakuum blieb kristallines 1-Desoxy-6-0-methylnojirimycin zurück, das nach Umkristallisieren aus Ethanol bei 145 - 1460C schmilzt. Ausbeute: 5,5 g (78 %).
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2738717 | 1977-08-27 | ||
| DE19772738717 DE2738717A1 (en) | 1977-08-27 | 1977-08-27 | Tri:hydroxy-piperidine derivs. - useful as glucosidase inhibitors for treating diabetes etc. and as animal feed additives |
| DE2758025 | 1977-12-24 | ||
| DE19772758025 DE2758025A1 (en) | 1977-12-24 | 1977-12-24 | Tri:hydroxy-piperidine derivs. - useful as glucosidase inhibitors for treating diabetes etc. and as animal feed additives |
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|---|---|
| EP0000947A1 true EP0000947A1 (en) | 1979-03-07 |
| EP0000947B1 EP0000947B1 (en) | 1981-01-14 |
| EP0000947B2 EP0000947B2 (en) | 1984-10-10 |
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| EP78100750A Expired EP0000947B2 (en) | 1977-08-27 | 1978-08-25 | 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine derivatives, process for their preparation and medicaments and fodder containing them |
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| EP (1) | EP0000947B2 (en) |
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| GR (1) | GR73065B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU182449B (en) |
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| IL (1) | IL55423A (en) |
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| LU (1) | LU90211I2 (en) |
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| EP0009633A1 (en) * | 1978-09-09 | 1980-04-16 | Bayer Ag | 3,4,5-Trihydroxypiperidine derivatives, process for their preparation and medicaments and animal feedstuffs containing them |
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- 1978-08-24 IL IL55423A patent/IL55423A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1978-08-24 AU AU39214/78A patent/AU3921478A/en active Pending
- 1978-08-24 PT PT68474A patent/PT68474A/en unknown
- 1978-08-24 GR GR57073A patent/GR73065B/el unknown
- 1978-08-25 IE IE1716/78A patent/IE47070B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-25 JP JP10297478A patent/JPS5446786A/en active Granted
- 1978-08-25 DE DE7878100750T patent/DE2860330D1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-25 CA CA310,084A patent/CA1123437A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-25 IT IT27067/78A patent/IT1111197B/en active
- 1978-08-25 HU HU78BA3696A patent/HU182449B/en unknown
- 1978-08-25 FI FI782607A patent/FI72715C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-25 ES ES472838A patent/ES472838A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-25 DK DK377678A patent/DK152753C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-25 EP EP78100750A patent/EP0000947B2/en not_active Expired
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- 1978-08-28 AU AU39304/78A patent/AU520686B2/en not_active Expired
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Cited By (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2424258A1 (en) * | 1978-04-28 | 1979-11-23 | Nippon Shinyaku Co Ltd | N-ALKENYLMORANOLINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS BLOOD SUGAR INCREASE INHIBITORS |
| EP0009633A1 (en) * | 1978-09-09 | 1980-04-16 | Bayer Ag | 3,4,5-Trihydroxypiperidine derivatives, process for their preparation and medicaments and animal feedstuffs containing them |
| EP0010745A1 (en) * | 1978-11-06 | 1980-05-14 | Bayer Ag | 2-Hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxy-piperidine derivatives, their preparation and medicaments containing them |
| EP0019899A1 (en) * | 1979-06-05 | 1980-12-10 | Bayer Ag | Derivatives of 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine, processes for their preparation, and their use as medicines and in animal food |
| EP0022192A1 (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-14 | Bayer Ag | 1-Alkadien-2,4-yl-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxy piperidines, processes for their preparation and their use as medicaments |
| EP0025140A1 (en) * | 1979-09-07 | 1981-03-18 | Bayer Ag | Process for preparing derivatives of 6-amino-6-desoxy-2,3-0-isopropylidene-alpha-L-sorbofuranose and intermediates of the process |
| US4348402A (en) * | 1979-10-19 | 1982-09-07 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | 2-Hydroxyalkyl-3,4,5-trihydroxy-piperidine compounds, their production and their medicinal use |
| EP0027908A3 (en) * | 1979-10-19 | 1981-08-05 | Bayer Ag | 2-hydroxyalkyl-3,4,5,trihydroxy piperidines, processes for their preparation and their use as medicaments |
| FR2478094A1 (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1981-09-18 | Nippon Shinyaku Co Ltd | AMMONIO SUBSTITUTED CINNAMYLMORANOLINE DERIVATIVES WITH INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF SUGAR LEVEL IN BLOOD |
| FR2474498A1 (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1981-07-31 | Nippon Shinyaku Co Ltd | BIS-MORANOLINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE TO INHIBIT SUGAR AUGMENTATION IN BLOOD |
| EP0049858A3 (en) * | 1980-10-15 | 1982-10-13 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of n-substituted derivatives of 1-desoxynojirimycin |
| EP0193770A3 (en) * | 1985-02-28 | 1987-05-13 | Bayer Ag | 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine, process for their preparation and their use |
| US5434266A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1995-07-18 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Monosaccharide analog-based glycosidase inhibitors |
| EP0230581A3 (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-08-19 | Bayer Ag | 3-amino-4,5-dihydroxypiperidines, process for their preparation and their use |
| US4871747A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1989-10-03 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | 3-Amino-4,5-dihydroxypiperidines, process for their preparation and their use |
| EP0240868A3 (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1988-09-21 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of 1-desoxynojirimycine and of its n-derivatives |
| EP0322643A1 (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-07-05 | Bayer Ag | Medicines containing as a mixture interferon and 1-desoxy-piperidinoses, process for their manufacture and their use |
| EP0345104A3 (en) * | 1988-06-02 | 1991-04-10 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitors |
| EP0350012A3 (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-09-05 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd. | Antiviral composition |
| EP0367748A3 (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1991-05-08 | G.D. SEARLE & COMPANY | Novel antiviral compounds |
| EP0389723A1 (en) * | 1989-03-29 | 1990-10-03 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitors |
| EP0406211B1 (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1994-03-30 | Monsanto Company | Fucosidase inhibitors |
| EP0422975A1 (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1991-04-17 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors |
| EP0422307A1 (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1991-04-17 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitors |
| EP0425929A1 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-05-08 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxy-piperidine and of intermediates |
| US5071990A (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-12-10 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of intermediates and the synthesis of n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidines |
| EP0449026A3 (en) * | 1990-03-24 | 1992-05-06 | Bayer Ag | Desoxynojirimycin derivatives, process for their preparation and their use in drugs |
| EP0536402A4 (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1993-05-12 | Nippon Shinyaku Company, Limited | Piperidine derivative |
| EP0481950A3 (en) * | 1990-10-18 | 1992-09-02 | Monsanto Company | 1,4-dideoxy-4-fluoronojirimycin |
| WO1995024391A1 (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-14 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Piperidines and pyrrolidines |
| US5863903A (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1999-01-26 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Use of hydroxy alkyl piperidine and pyrrolidine compounds to treat diabetes |
| US9089515B2 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2015-07-28 | Thomas Jefferson University | Long chain N-alkyl compounds and oxa-derivatives thereof |
| WO2006136714A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 | 2006-12-28 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Novel compounds of the family of iminosugars, uses thereof for treating lysosomal diseases, and method for preparing same |
| US8975280B2 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2015-03-10 | The Chancellor, Masters And Scholars Of The University Of Oxford | Deoxynojirimycin and D-arabinitol analogs and methods of using |
| ITUB20150176A1 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-10-17 | Dipharma Francis Srl | SYNTHESIS OF AZAZUCCHERO AND ITS INTERMEDIATES |
| EP3081555A1 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-10-19 | Dipharma Francis S.r.l. | Synthesis of an azasugar and the intermediates thereof |
| US9708263B2 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2017-07-18 | Dipharma Francis S.R.L. | Synthesis of an azasugar and the intermediates thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO154918B (en) | 1986-10-06 |
| NO154918C (en) | 1987-01-14 |
| US4260622A (en) | 1981-04-07 |
| NO782713L (en) | 1979-02-28 |
| AU520686B2 (en) | 1982-02-18 |
| FI782607A7 (en) | 1979-02-28 |
| AU3921478A (en) | 1980-02-28 |
| ATA621778A (en) | 1983-05-15 |
| IT1111197B (en) | 1986-01-13 |
| GR73065B (en) | 1984-01-30 |
| JPS5446786A (en) | 1979-04-12 |
| US4639436A (en) | 1987-01-27 |
| IL55423A0 (en) | 1978-10-31 |
| NL960027I1 (en) | 1997-01-06 |
| EP0000947B1 (en) | 1981-01-14 |
| AU3930478A (en) | 1980-03-06 |
| JPS6231703B2 (en) | 1987-07-09 |
| FI72715C (en) | 1987-07-10 |
| CA1123437A (en) | 1982-05-11 |
| DK377678A (en) | 1979-02-28 |
| DK152753B (en) | 1988-05-09 |
| IL55423A (en) | 1982-09-30 |
| AT373239B (en) | 1983-12-27 |
| LU90211I2 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
| IE781716L (en) | 1979-02-27 |
| DE2860330D1 (en) | 1981-03-12 |
| EP0000947B2 (en) | 1984-10-10 |
| ES472838A1 (en) | 1979-03-16 |
| IE47070B1 (en) | 1983-12-14 |
| HU182449B (en) | 1984-01-30 |
| NL960027I2 (en) | 1997-07-01 |
| PT68474A (en) | 1978-09-01 |
| DK152753C (en) | 1988-10-31 |
| FI72715B (en) | 1987-03-31 |
| IT7827067A0 (en) | 1978-08-25 |
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