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EP0099505B1 - Central heating - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0099505B1
EP0099505B1 EP83106505A EP83106505A EP0099505B1 EP 0099505 B1 EP0099505 B1 EP 0099505B1 EP 83106505 A EP83106505 A EP 83106505A EP 83106505 A EP83106505 A EP 83106505A EP 0099505 B1 EP0099505 B1 EP 0099505B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot water
space
water heating
heating according
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83106505A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0099505A1 (en
Inventor
Walter Rüegg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rueegg Cheminee AG
RUEGG CHEMINEEBAU AG
Original Assignee
Rueegg Cheminee AG
RUEGG CHEMINEEBAU AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Rueegg Cheminee AG, RUEGG CHEMINEEBAU AG filed Critical Rueegg Cheminee AG
Priority to AT83106505T priority Critical patent/ATE25285T1/en
Publication of EP0099505A1 publication Critical patent/EP0099505A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0099505B1 publication Critical patent/EP0099505B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/183Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with additional provisions for heating water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/1802Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces adapted for the use of both solid fuel and another type of fuel or energy supply 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/46Water heaters having plural combustion chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to hot water heating according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a heater as the name suggests, has a central boiler room in which there is a burner, a boiler and the necessary auxiliary units.
  • the water heated in the boiler can be used to heat radiators in one or more houses.
  • the heating room is generally placed in the basement. This demand for avoiding the undesirable local emissions of the heating in the living rooms was also pioneering in the development of single or multi-level stoves for central heating.
  • fireplaces provided with heat exchangers can, as described in CH-A 428139, have a transparent window for closing the combustion chamber. By closing the combustion chamber, the air supply and thus the burning speed of the fuel can be regulated and the heat exchange can be optimized.
  • fireplaces with heat exchangers and windows allow some of the heat generated in the fireplace to be recovered.
  • the connection of the heat exchanger to the central heating allows the recovered heat to be used for space heating. This warmth meets the warmth requirements of cold summer evenings and spring and autumn days. It also allows the room to be heated up more quickly thanks to its more direct effect and the additional heat radiation from the fireplace.
  • the fireplace / heat exchanger combination is only a spontaneous or secondary heating for individual rooms under the above-mentioned climatic conditions, in addition to the main or primary heating for the whole house or for the whole apartment, i.e. Central heating, can not be dispensed with.
  • the object of the present invention was to provide a hot water heater of the type mentioned initially functioning as a primary or main heater which, although it has a combustion chamber and a burner, i.e. has two flames, gets by with a heat exchanger and a hot water heating circuit and during their operation the cumbersome manipulations when lighting, extinguishing or re-regulating one flame are eliminated.
  • the object of the invention was to convert the fireplace in the living room into a primary heater, i.e. to combine the fireplace in the living room with the central heating from the basement, thus installing the burner in the living room.
  • the arrangement according to the invention of the boiler directly above the combustion chamber of the fireplace or open fireplace makes it possible to dispense with the second hot water heat exchanger and the corresponding second hot water heating circuit and thus with the cumbersome regulation manipulations that are required in the known primary / secondary heating systems.
  • the difference between the primary heating according to the invention i.e. The arrangement of the two flames separated by the boiler with a hot water heating circuit and the known separate arrangement of primary / secondary heating, each with its own heat exchanger and its own circuit for each flame, can be determined by the difference between parallel and series connection in of electrical engineering.
  • the inventive design of the heater as a closed water jacket allows the burner to be brought up from the basement into the living room, since the water jacket acts as heat and sound insulation.
  • the length of the hot water pipes and the heat loss are reduced, the length of the smoke outlet is shortened, a second smoke outlet and a second chimney on the roof are no longer necessary and a basement is released.
  • a preferred embodiment of the hot water heater according to the invention in which the boiler is arranged in a warm air space, allows the additional use of the heat radiated from the outer surface of the boiler during operation of the burner with the aid of warm air heating, the air streams of which run along this outer surface, heated and into the living space are delivered and bring about a corresponding improvement in the energy balance and more direct heating.
  • the device according to the invention offers particular advantages for heating smaller residential units, such as single-family houses and apartments, since it allows the setting of an individual heating output which is independent of the other members of a larger complex and is adapted to the personal needs of the residents. At the same time, it allows precise and simple individual billing of the heating output.
  • the present invention takes the opposite direction by allowing decentralization.
  • this decentralization leads to savings in heating material, installation and maintenance costs as a result of the parallel connection of two combustion processes, avoidance of line losses and heating according to individual needs.
  • the hot water heating in Figures 1 and 2 has a combustion chamber 1 in the form of a fireplace open to the front.
  • a horizontal heating boiler or heat exchanger 3 is arranged above the furnace in the lower part 7a of the smoke exhaust 7 and is designed as a closed cylindrical water jacket 4.
  • an oil burner (2) (Fig. 2) is arranged such that its flame projects into a horizontal flame chamber 5 formed by a closed cylindrical water jacket 4.
  • the flame chamber 5 is connected to the smoke vent 7 via an opening (not shown).
  • flaps 9 and 10 are arranged for guiding the flue gases (FIG. 2).
  • an extension of the heat exchanger 3 extends downward as a hollow wall 8 parallel to the rear wall 6 of the chimney 1.
  • a water inlet 16 opening into the hollow wall and for the heating water a water outlet 17 opening out of the water jacket 4.
  • the heating water circuit in the radiators with pump 18 and valves 19 is shown only schematically by dash-dotted lines.
  • the front opening of the fireplace is closed with a sliding window 12 sliding in rails 11 (FIG. 1).
  • the sliding window 12 is coupled to the burner 2 such that it is ignited only when the chimney opening is closed. This avoids heat loss due to excessive air throughput.
  • the sliding window is also coupled to the flaps 9 and 10 for guiding the flue gases in such a way that, when the sliding window 12 is open, the flaps 9 and 10 completely release the associated openings (dashed position), so that the flue gases can withdraw essentially unimpeded. If the sliding window 12 is closed, the flaps 9 and 10 assume a position which passes the flue gases between the rear wall 6 and the hollow wall 8.
  • the chimney rests on a base 20 which has a blower 21 and a drawer 22 on the side for receiving the ashes from the chimney 1.
  • a fuel basket 13 for e.g. Coal let in. If e.g. is fired with coal, for which an air supply from below is to be provided, the fuel basket is located in the combustion chamber 1. When not in use, it can be folded in the direction shown by arrow a and in direction b into a room 23 which holds the drawer 22 connects to the combustion chamber 1 in the base 20, can be pivoted downwards, after which it forms a firing grate 14 in the combustion chamber.
  • flaps 9 and 10 the heat exchange between the outer surface of the water jacket 4 and the flue gases.
  • the position of the flaps 9 and 10 allows the path of the flue gases and thus the intensity of the heat exchange to be regulated.
  • the heat exchange with the burner flame or with its flue gases takes place on the inner surface of the water jacket 4.
  • the water therein passes through the inlet 16 into the hollow wall 8, is heated and rises up into the water jacket 4, which it leaves in the heated state in the direction of the radiator .
  • the heat exchanger is arranged above the furnace 1 in a warm air space 24, in which the lower part 7a of the smoke exhaust 7 is also located.
  • the closed water jacket 4 of the heat exchanger 3 forms the cylindrical flame chamber 5 for the flame of the connected oil burner 2.
  • the flame chamber 5 is connected to the smoke outlet 7 via an exhaust pipe 7b.
  • Above the flame space 5, the water jacket 4 is penetrated by air channels 25.
  • the latter serve to improve the heat exchange of the air brought in by the blower 21 through the cavity 6a of the rear wall 6 with the outer surface of the water jacket 4.
  • the air heated by the heat exchanger 3 and / or by the lower part 7a of the smoke exhaust 7 leaves the warm air space 24 through the outlets 26 and then gets into the adjacent living room. It thus complements the performance of hot water heating or, if the furnace is operated alone, it can ensure the temperature of the living space by utilizing the heat generated. In both cases, it works within a short time and improves the energy balance of the system.
  • the shape of the lower part 7a of the smoke vent 7 shown in FIG. 4 has a cross-section corresponding to the combustion chamber 1, which narrows upwards. This shape is advantageous for the function of the smoke extraction as well as the heat exchange.
  • the combustion chamber 1 of the fireplace in Figures 2 to 5 is open on two sides. Its opening can be closed in the manner already explained in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 with the sliding window 12 which may be coupled to the burner 2. In this case, the water inlet 16 and water outlet 17 of the heat exchanger 3 open side by side into the heat exchanger 3.
  • the hot water circuit 15 is only shown schematically in FIG. 3, as in FIG. 1.
  • the heat given off from the lower part 7a of the smoke exhaust 7 to the warm air space 24 can be used for warm air heating and / or for heating the heating water in the heat exchanger.
  • the arrangement of the heat exchanger 3 in the warm air space 24 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 allows the previously unused radiant heat of the central heating to be used and prevents local undesired overheating. This combination of hot water / hot air heating enables an optimization of the energy balance when heating living spaces.
  • the exhaust pipe 7b of the flame chamber 5 and the smoke exhaust 7a of the combustion chamber 1 can lead to a common smoke exhaust or separate smoke exhaust.
  • the burner 2 and its auxiliary units can be in the same structural unit as the other elements of the heating or preferably separated therefrom, e.g. be housed in an assembly or service cabinet. In any case, you have to do the revision, e.g. through a door, be easily accessible.
  • the air supply to the warm air space 24 does not have to be through the cavity 6a in the rear wall 6, but can be provided by other parts of the heater.
  • a pivotable window can also be provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The hot water heating installation comprises a hearth or combustion space for solid fuels and a heat exchanger arranged above the hearth. The heat exchanger is structured as a closed water jacket. A burner for liquid or gaseous fuels is arranged adjacent the water jacket which forms a combustion flame chamber or space for the neighboring burner. The combustion flame space communicates with a flue. Such a hot water heating installation permits the installation of an oil burner in the living area or space in operable connection with an open fireplace or stove or the like.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Warmwasserheizung gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to hot water heating according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die Beheizung von geschlossenen Räumen, insbesondere von Wohnräumen, erfolgt im allgemeinen durch eine Zentralheizung. Eine solche Heizung weist, wie schon der Name sagt, einen zentralen Heizungsraum auf, in dem sich ein Brenner, ein Heizkessel und die erforderlichen Hilfsaggregate befinden. Mit dem im Heizkessel erwärmten Wasser können Heizkörper in einem oder mehreren Häusern beheizt werden. Um die Nahimmissionen der Heizung, wie Lärm, übermässige lokale Wärmeentwicklung und gegebenenfalls Schmutz, von den Wohnräumen fernzuhalten, wird der Heizungsraum im allgemeinen in den Keller gelegt. Diese Forderung nach Vermeidung der unerwünschten Nahimmissionen der Heizung in den Wohnräumen war einst auch wegweisend bei der Entwicklung von Einzel- oder Etagenofen zurZentralheizung.Closed rooms, especially living rooms, are generally heated by central heating. Such a heater, as the name suggests, has a central boiler room in which there is a burner, a boiler and the necessary auxiliary units. The water heated in the boiler can be used to heat radiators in one or more houses. In order to keep the local emissions of the heating, such as noise, excessive local heat development and possibly dirt, away from the living rooms, the heating room is generally placed in the basement. This demand for avoiding the undesirable local emissions of the heating in the living rooms was also pioneering in the development of single or multi-level stoves for central heating.

Der Wunsch, trotz Verbannung der Heizung doch ein offenes Feuer in den Wohnräumen zu haben, hat dann zum Einbau eines offenen Kamins oder Cheminees geführt. Da jedoch ein solcher offener Feuerungsraum nicht zur Raumheizung geeignet ist, musste zusätzlich zum Kamin auch noch die Zentralheizung installiert werden.The desire to have an open fire in the living rooms despite the heating being banished led to the installation of an open fireplace or fireplace. However, since such an open furnace is not suitable for space heating, the central heating had to be installed in addition to the fireplace.

Im Laufe von Energiesparbestrebungen wurde versucht, die im Kamin freiwerdende Wärme nicht mehr durch den Rauchabzug verpuffen zu lassen. Die Rauchabzüge wurden in der Folge mit Wärmeaustauschern für Luft oder Wasser versehen. In der CH-A 350 783 ist ein solches Cheminee beschrieben, das einen im Hals des Chemineemantels eingebauten, aus einem Röhrensystem bestehenden, Wärmeaustauscher für Wasser aufweist. Das Röhrensystem ist an das Leitungssystem einer Zentralheizung oder an Heizkörper angeschlossen.In the course of efforts to save energy, attempts have been made to prevent the heat released in the fireplace from being dissipated by the smoke exhaust. The smoke vents were then fitted with heat exchangers for air or water. Such a chemistry is described in CH-A 350 783, which has a heat exchanger for water built into the neck of the chemistry jacket and consisting of a tube system. The pipe system is connected to the central heating system or to radiators.

Mit Wärmeaustauscher versehene Kamine können, wie in der CH-A 428139 beschrieben, ein durchsichtiges Fenster zum Verschliessen des Feuerungsraumes aufweisen. Durch das Verschliessen des Feuerungsraumes kann die Luftzufuhr und damit die Brenngeschwindigkeit des Brennstoffes reguliert und der Wärmeaustausch optimiert werden.Fireplaces provided with heat exchangers can, as described in CH-A 428139, have a transparent window for closing the combustion chamber. By closing the combustion chamber, the air supply and thus the burning speed of the fuel can be regulated and the heat exchange can be optimized.

Mit Wärmeaustauscher und Fenster versehene Kamine gestatten die Rückgewinnung eines Teils der im Kamin entstehenden Wärme. Der Anschluss des Wärmeaustauschers an die Zentralheizung erlaubt die Ausnützung der rückgewonnenen Wärme zur Raumheizung. Diese Wärme genügt dem Wärmebedarf kalter Sommerabende und Frühlings- und Herbsttage. Sie erlaubt ausserdem durch direktere Wirkung und die zusätzliche Wärmestrahlung des Kamins eine schnellere Aufheizung des Raumes. Trotz dieser Vorteile stellt die Kombination Kamin/Wärmeaustauscher unter den oben angegebenen klimatischen Verhältnissen nur eine Spontan- oder Sekundärheizung für einzelne Räume dar, neben der auf die Haupt- oder Primärheizung für das ganze Haus oder für die ganze Wohnung, d.h. Zentralheizung, nicht verzichtet werden kann. Die Bedienung bzw. Steuerung der beiden sich gegebenenfalls ergänzenden Warmwasser-Heizkreisläufe mit je einem eigenen Wärmeaustauscher ist umständlich, da beim Anzünden, Löschen oder Neuregulieren der einen Flamme oder des einen Kreislaufes der Zustand des anderen Kreislaufes mitberücksichtigt bzw. neu reguliert werden muss. Ausserdem wird ein Teil der in diesem System erzeugten Wärme vom Kessel der Zentralheizung, gegebenenfalls unter unerwünschter Aufheizung der Umgebung, an letztere abgegeben und geht ungenutzt verloren.Fireplaces with heat exchangers and windows allow some of the heat generated in the fireplace to be recovered. The connection of the heat exchanger to the central heating allows the recovered heat to be used for space heating. This warmth meets the warmth requirements of cold summer evenings and spring and autumn days. It also allows the room to be heated up more quickly thanks to its more direct effect and the additional heat radiation from the fireplace. Despite these advantages, the fireplace / heat exchanger combination is only a spontaneous or secondary heating for individual rooms under the above-mentioned climatic conditions, in addition to the main or primary heating for the whole house or for the whole apartment, i.e. Central heating, can not be dispensed with. The operation or control of the two complementary hot water heating circuits, each with its own heat exchanger, is cumbersome, since when lighting, extinguishing or re-regulating one flame or one circuit, the state of the other circuit must be taken into account or re-regulated. In addition, part of the heat generated in this system is given off by the central heating boiler, possibly with undesired heating of the surroundings, and is lost unused.

Primärheizungen, d.h. Zentralheizungen, die sowohl mit festen als auch fliessfähigen Brennstoffen betrieben werden können, sind ebenfalls bekannt. In der DE-B 1 199 423 wird ein Heizkessel für eine Zentralheizung beschrieben, der zum Verbrennen sowohl von festen als auch von flüssigen Brennstoffen geeignet ist. Dieser Heizkessel weist einen an einem Heizungskreislauf angeschlossenen Wassermantel auf, wobei letzterer einen mit einem Rauchabzug kommunizierenden gemeinsamen Verbrennungsraum für feste und fliessfähige Brennstoffe bildet.Primary heaters, i.e. Central heating systems that can be operated with both solid and flowable fuels are also known. DE-B 1 199 423 describes a boiler for central heating which is suitable for burning both solid and liquid fuels. This boiler has a water jacket connected to a heating circuit, the latter forming a common combustion chamber for solid and flowable fuels, which communicates with a smoke exhaust.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, eine als Primär- oder Hauptheizung funktionierende Warmwasserheizung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die, obwohl sie einen Feuerungsraum und einen Brenner, d.h. zwei Flammen, aufweist, mit einem Wärmeaustauscher und einem Warmwasser-Heizungskreislauf auskommt und bei deren Betrieb die umständlichen Manipulationen beim Anzünden, Löschen oder Neuregulieren der einen Flamme entfallen. Mit anderen Worten, der Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Kamin im Wohnraum in eine Primärheizung umzuwandeln, d.h. den Kamin im Wohnraum mit der Zentralheizung aus dem Keller zu kombinieren, folglich den Brenner in der Wohnstube zu installieren.The object of the present invention was to provide a hot water heater of the type mentioned initially functioning as a primary or main heater which, although it has a combustion chamber and a burner, i.e. has two flames, gets by with a heat exchanger and a hot water heating circuit and during their operation the cumbersome manipulations when lighting, extinguishing or re-regulating one flame are eliminated. In other words, the object of the invention was to convert the fireplace in the living room into a primary heater, i.e. to combine the fireplace in the living room with the central heating from the basement, thus installing the burner in the living room.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils von Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemässe Anordnung des Heizkessels unmittelbar oberhalb des Feuerungsraumes des Cheminees oder offenen Kamins erlaubt den Verzicht auf den zweiten Warmwasser-Wärmeaustauscher und den entsprechenden zweiten Warmwasser-Heizungskreislauf und damit auf die umständlichen Regulierungsmanipulationen, die bei den bekannten Primär-/Sekundärheizsystemen erforderlich sind. Der Unterschied zwischen der erfindungsgemässen Primärheizung, d.h. der Anordnung der beiden durch den Heizkessel voneinander getrennten Flammen mit einem Warmwasser-Heizungskreislauf und der bekannten getrennten Anordnung von Primär-/ Sekundärheizung mit je einem eigenen Wärmeaustauscher und einem eigenen Kreislauf für jede Flamme, kann durch den Unterschied zwischen parallel und in Serie-Schaltung in der Elektrotechnikveranschaulicht werden.The arrangement according to the invention of the boiler directly above the combustion chamber of the fireplace or open fireplace makes it possible to dispense with the second hot water heat exchanger and the corresponding second hot water heating circuit and thus with the cumbersome regulation manipulations that are required in the known primary / secondary heating systems. The difference between the primary heating according to the invention, i.e. The arrangement of the two flames separated by the boiler with a hot water heating circuit and the known separate arrangement of primary / secondary heating, each with its own heat exchanger and its own circuit for each flame, can be determined by the difference between parallel and series connection in of electrical engineering.

Die erfindungsgemässe Ausbildung des Heizkessels als geschlossener Wassermantel erlaubt das Heraufholen des Brenners aus dem Keller in die Wohnräume, da der Wassermantel als Wärme- und Schallisolation wirkt. Dadurch wird zusätzlich zu den genannten Vorteilen die Länge der Warmwasserleitungen und entsprechend der Wärmeverlust vermindert, die Länge des Rauchabzuges verkürzt, ein zweiter Rauchabzug und ein zweiter Schornstein auf dem Dach nicht mehr erforderlich und ein Kellerraum freigegeben.The inventive design of the heater The boiler as a closed water jacket allows the burner to be brought up from the basement into the living room, since the water jacket acts as heat and sound insulation. In addition to the advantages mentioned, the length of the hot water pipes and the heat loss are reduced, the length of the smoke outlet is shortened, a second smoke outlet and a second chimney on the roof are no longer necessary and a basement is released.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Warmwasserheizung, bei der der Heizkessel in einem Warmluftraum angeordnet ist, erlaubt die zusätzliche Ausnützung der beim Betrieb des Brenners von der Aussenfläche des Heizkessels abgestrahlten Wärme mit Hilfe einer Warmluftheizung, deren Luftströme entlang dieser Aussenfläche geführt, aufgeheizt und in den Wohnraum abgegeben werden und eine entsprechende Verbesserung der Energiebilanz und eine direktere Heizung bewirken.A preferred embodiment of the hot water heater according to the invention, in which the boiler is arranged in a warm air space, allows the additional use of the heat radiated from the outer surface of the boiler during operation of the burner with the aid of warm air heating, the air streams of which run along this outer surface, heated and into the living space are delivered and bring about a corresponding improvement in the energy balance and more direct heating.

Die erfindungsgemässe Einrichtung bietet zur Beheizung von kleineren Wohneinheiten, wie Einfamilienhäuser und Wohnungen, besondere Vorteile, da sie die Einstellung einer individuellen, von den übrigen Gliedern eines grösseren Komplexes unabhängigen, dem persönlichen Bedarf der Bewohner angepassten Heizleistung erlaubt. Gleichzeitig gestattet sie eine genaue und einfache individuelle Abrechnung der bezogenen Heizleistung.The device according to the invention offers particular advantages for heating smaller residential units, such as single-family houses and apartments, since it allows the setting of an individual heating output which is independent of the other members of a larger complex and is adapted to the personal needs of the residents. At the same time, it allows precise and simple individual billing of the heating output.

Entgegen dem bisher beschrittenen Weg der Entwicklung zur Zentralisierung der Heizung, z.B. durch eine Heizzentrale für eine ganze Überbauung oder eine Fernheizung, bei deren Wärmeleistung der Verbraucher mit dem grössten Wärmebedarf berücksichtigt werden muss, schlägt die vorliegende Erfindung die entgegengesetzte Richtung ein, indem sie die Dezentralisierung erlaubt. Diese Dezentralisierung führt, trotz gegenteiligen Erwartungen, infolge der Parallelschaltung von zwei Verbrennungsvorgängen, Vermeidung von Leitungsverlusten und Heizung nach individuellem Bedarf zur Einsparung an Heizmaterial, Installations- und Unterhaltskosten.Contrary to the path of development to centralize the heating, e.g. by means of a central heating system for an entire building or a district heating system, for the thermal output of which the consumer with the greatest heat requirement must be taken into account, the present invention takes the opposite direction by allowing decentralization. Despite contrary expectations, this decentralization leads to savings in heating material, installation and maintenance costs as a result of the parallel connection of two combustion processes, avoidance of line losses and heating according to individual needs.

Bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung bilden den Gegenstand der Ansprüche 2 bis 16.Preferred embodiments of the invention form the subject of claims 2 to 16.

Im folgenden werden zwei Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstandes anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen rein schematisch:

  • Fig. 1 die Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemässen Warmwasserheizung, teilweise im Schnitt;
  • Fig. die Vorderansicht der Warmwasserheizung gemäss Fig. 1, teilweise im Schnitt;
  • Fig.3 die Vorderansicht einer weiteren erfindungsgemässen Warmwasserheizung;
  • Fig. 4 die Seitenansicht der Warmwasserheizung gemäss Fig. 3, teilweise im Schnitt; und
  • Fig. die Draufsicht der Warmwasserheizung gemäss Fig. 3.
Two exemplary embodiments of the subject of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. It shows purely schematically:
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a hot water heater according to the invention, partly in section.
  • Fig. The front view of the hot water heater according to Figure 1, partially in section.
  • 3 shows the front view of a further hot water heater according to the invention;
  • FIG. 4 shows the side view of the hot water heater according to FIG. 3, partly in section; and
  • 3 shows the top view of the hot water heater according to FIG. 3.

Die Warmwasserheizung in den Figuren 1 und 2 weist einen Feuerungsraum 1 in Form eines nach vorne offenen Kamins auf. Oberhalb des Feuerungsraumes im unteren Teil 7a des Rauchabzuges 7 ist ein horizontaler Heizkessel oder Wärmeaustauscher 3 angeordnet, der als geschlossener zylindrischer Wassermantel 4 ausgebildet ist. An einem Ende des Wassermantels 4 ist ein Ölbrenner (2) (Fig. 2) derart angeordnet, dass seine Flamme in einenvomgeschlossenenzylindrischen Wassermantel4 ausgebildeten horizontalen Flammenraum 5 ragt. Der Flammenraum 5 steht über eine nicht gezeigte Öffnung mit dem Rauchabzug 7 in Verbindung. Im unteren Teil 7a des Rauchabzuges 7 sind Klappen 9 und 10 zur Lenkung der Rauchgase angeordnet (Fig. 2).The hot water heating in Figures 1 and 2 has a combustion chamber 1 in the form of a fireplace open to the front. A horizontal heating boiler or heat exchanger 3 is arranged above the furnace in the lower part 7a of the smoke exhaust 7 and is designed as a closed cylindrical water jacket 4. At one end of the water jacket 4, an oil burner (2) (Fig. 2) is arranged such that its flame projects into a horizontal flame chamber 5 formed by a closed cylindrical water jacket 4. The flame chamber 5 is connected to the smoke vent 7 via an opening (not shown). In the lower part 7a of the smoke vent 7, flaps 9 and 10 are arranged for guiding the flue gases (FIG. 2).

Wie in Fig. 2 besonders deutlich ersichtlich ist, erstreckt sich ein Fortsatz des Wärmeaustauschers 3 als eine zur Rückwand 6 des Kamins 1 parallele Hohlwand 8 nach unten. Für das zu erwärmende Wasser ist in ein in die Hohlwand mündender Wassereinlass 16 und für das Heizwasser ein aus dem Wassermantel 4 ausmündender Wasserauslass 17 vorgesehen. Der Heizwasserkreislauf in den Heizkörpern mit Pumpe 18 und Ventilen 19 ist nur schematisch durch strichpunktierte Linien dargestellt.As can be seen particularly clearly in FIG. 2, an extension of the heat exchanger 3 extends downward as a hollow wall 8 parallel to the rear wall 6 of the chimney 1. Provided for the water to be heated in a water inlet 16 opening into the hollow wall and for the heating water a water outlet 17 opening out of the water jacket 4. The heating water circuit in the radiators with pump 18 and valves 19 is shown only schematically by dash-dotted lines.

Die vordere Öffnung des Kamins ist mit einem in Schienen 11 gleitenden Schiebefenster 12 verschlossen (Fig. 1). Das Schiebefenster 12 ist derart mit dem Brenner 2 gekoppelt, dass dessen Zündung nur bei geschlossener Kaminöffnung erfolgt. Dadurch werden Wärmeverluste durch einen zu grossen Luftdurchsatz vermieden. Weiterhin ist das Schiebefenster auch mit den Klappen 9 und 10 zur Lenkung der Rauchgase derart gekoppelt, dass bei offenem Schiebefenster 12 die Klappen 9 und 10 die zugehörigen Öffnungen vollständig freigeben (gestrichelte Stellung), damit die Rauchgase im wesentlichen ungehindert abziehen können. Ist das Schiebefenster 12 geschlossen, dann nehmen die Klappen 9 und 10 eine Stellung ein, die die Rauchgase zwischen Rückwand 6 und Hohlwand 8 durchleitet.The front opening of the fireplace is closed with a sliding window 12 sliding in rails 11 (FIG. 1). The sliding window 12 is coupled to the burner 2 such that it is ignited only when the chimney opening is closed. This avoids heat loss due to excessive air throughput. Furthermore, the sliding window is also coupled to the flaps 9 and 10 for guiding the flue gases in such a way that, when the sliding window 12 is open, the flaps 9 and 10 completely release the associated openings (dashed position), so that the flue gases can withdraw essentially unimpeded. If the sliding window 12 is closed, the flaps 9 and 10 assume a position which passes the flue gases between the rear wall 6 and the hollow wall 8.

Der Kamin ruht auf einem Sockel 20, der seitlich ein Gebläse 21 und eine Schublade 22 zur Aufnahme der Asche aus dem Kamin 1 aufweist. In den Sockel 20 ist ein Brennstoffkorb 13 für z.B. Kohle eingelassen. Wenn z.B. mit Kohle gefeuert wird, wofür eine Luftzufuhr von unten vorzusehen ist, befindet sich der Brennstoffkorb im Feuerungsraum 1. Wenn er nicht gebraucht wird, kann er in der von Pfeil a gezeigten Richtung zusammengeklappt und in Richtung b in einen Raum 23, der die Schublade 22 mit dem Feuerungsraum 1 im Sockel 20 verbindet, nach unten geschwenkt werden, wonach er ein Brennrost 14 im Feuerungsraum bildet.The chimney rests on a base 20 which has a blower 21 and a drawer 22 on the side for receiving the ashes from the chimney 1. In the base 20 there is a fuel basket 13 for e.g. Coal let in. If e.g. is fired with coal, for which an air supply from below is to be provided, the fuel basket is located in the combustion chamber 1. When not in use, it can be folded in the direction shown by arrow a and in direction b into a room 23 which holds the drawer 22 connects to the combustion chamber 1 in the base 20, can be pivoted downwards, after which it forms a firing grate 14 in the combustion chamber.

Wenn der Kamin in Betrieb ist, gelangen die Rauchgase entlang der Hohlwand 8 in den Rauchabzug 7. Bei offener Klappe 9 kommt die Hohlwand 8 von vorne und von hinten mit den Rauchgasen in Berührung, die bereits da einen Teil ihrer Wärme abgeben und das Wasser in der Hohlwand 8 erwärmen.When the chimney is in operation, the flue gases pass along the cavity wall 8 into the smoke outlet 7. When the flap 9 is open, the cavity wall 8 comes into contact with the smoke gases from the front and from the rear, which already give off part of their heat and the water in the cavity wall 8 warm.

Danach erfolgt bei offenen Klappen 9 und 10 der Wärmeaustausch zwischen der Aussenfläche des Wassermantels 4 und den Rauchgasen. Durch die Stellung der Klappen 9 und 10 kann der Weg der Rauchgase und damit die Intensität des Wärmeaustausches reguliert werden.This is followed by open flaps 9 and 10 the heat exchange between the outer surface of the water jacket 4 and the flue gases. The position of the flaps 9 and 10 allows the path of the flue gases and thus the intensity of the heat exchange to be regulated.

Der Wärmeaustausch mit der Brennerflamme bzw. mit deren Rauchgasen erfolgt an der Innenfläche des Wassermantels 4. Das darin befindliche Wasser gelangt durch den Einlass 16 in die Hohlwand 8, wird erwärmt und steigt nach oben in den Wassermantel 4, den es in aufgeheiztem Zustand Richtung Heizkörperverlässt.The heat exchange with the burner flame or with its flue gases takes place on the inner surface of the water jacket 4. The water therein passes through the inlet 16 into the hollow wall 8, is heated and rises up into the water jacket 4, which it leaves in the heated state in the direction of the radiator .

In den Figuren 3 bis 5 ist der Wärmeaustauscher oberhalb des Feuerungsraumes 1 in einem Warmluftraum 24 angeordnet, in dem sich auch der untere Teil 7a des Rauchabzuges 7 befindet. Der geschlossene Wassermantel 4 des Wärmeaustauschers 3 bildet den zylindrischen Flammenraum 5 für die Flamme des angeschlossenen Ölbrenners 2. Der Flammenraum 5 steht über ein Abzugsrohr 7b mit dem Rauchabzug 7 in Verbindung. Oberhalb des Flammenraumes 5 ist der Wassermantel 4 von Luftkanälen 25 durchsetzt. Letztere dienen dem verbesserten Wärmeaustausch der vom Gebläse 21 durch den Hohlraum 6a der Rückwand 6 herangeführten Luft mit der Aussenfläche des Wassermantels 4. Die vom Wärmeaustauscher 3 und/oder vom unteren Teil 7a des Rauchabzuges 7 angewärmte Luft verlässt den Warmluftraum 24 durch die Auslässe 26 und gelangt dann in den angrenzenden Wohnraum. Damit ergänzt sie die Leistung der Warmwasserheizung bzw. kann sie beim Alleinbetrieb des Feuerungsraumes durch Ausnützung der entstehenden Wärme für die Temperierung des Wohnraumes sorgen. Sie wirkt in beiden Fällen innerhalb kurzer Zeit und verbessert die Energiebilanz des Systems.In FIGS. 3 to 5, the heat exchanger is arranged above the furnace 1 in a warm air space 24, in which the lower part 7a of the smoke exhaust 7 is also located. The closed water jacket 4 of the heat exchanger 3 forms the cylindrical flame chamber 5 for the flame of the connected oil burner 2. The flame chamber 5 is connected to the smoke outlet 7 via an exhaust pipe 7b. Above the flame space 5, the water jacket 4 is penetrated by air channels 25. The latter serve to improve the heat exchange of the air brought in by the blower 21 through the cavity 6a of the rear wall 6 with the outer surface of the water jacket 4. The air heated by the heat exchanger 3 and / or by the lower part 7a of the smoke exhaust 7 leaves the warm air space 24 through the outlets 26 and then gets into the adjacent living room. It thus complements the performance of hot water heating or, if the furnace is operated alone, it can ensure the temperature of the living space by utilizing the heat generated. In both cases, it works within a short time and improves the energy balance of the system.

Die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Form des unteren Teils 7a des Rauchabzuges 7 weist im Anschluss an den Feuerungsraum 1 einen letzterem entsprechenden Querschnitt auf, der sich nach oben verengt. Diese Form ist sowohl für die Funktion des Rauchabzuges als auch des Wärmeaustausches vorteilhaft. Der Feuerungsraum 1 des Kamins in den Figuren 2 bis 5 ist an zwei Seiten offen. Seine Öffnung kann auf die bereits im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 1 und 2 erläuterte Weise mit dem gegebenenfalls mit dem Brenner 2 gekoppelten Schiebefenster 12 geschlossen werden. Wassereinlass 16 und Wasserauslass 17 des Wärmeaustauschers 3 münden in diesem Fall nebeneinander in den Wärmeaustauscher 3. Der Heisswasserkreislauf 15 ist in Fig. 3 wie in Fig. 1 nur schematisch dargestellt.The shape of the lower part 7a of the smoke vent 7 shown in FIG. 4 has a cross-section corresponding to the combustion chamber 1, which narrows upwards. This shape is advantageous for the function of the smoke extraction as well as the heat exchange. The combustion chamber 1 of the fireplace in Figures 2 to 5 is open on two sides. Its opening can be closed in the manner already explained in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 with the sliding window 12 which may be coupled to the burner 2. In this case, the water inlet 16 and water outlet 17 of the heat exchanger 3 open side by side into the heat exchanger 3. The hot water circuit 15 is only shown schematically in FIG. 3, as in FIG. 1.

Die vom unteren Teil 7a des Rauchabzuges 7 an den Warmluftraum 24 abgegebene Wärme kann zur Warmluftheizung und/oder zur Erwärmung des Heizwassers im Wärmeaustauscher verwendet werden.The heat given off from the lower part 7a of the smoke exhaust 7 to the warm air space 24 can be used for warm air heating and / or for heating the heating water in the heat exchanger.

Die Anordnung des Wärmeaustauschers 3 im Warmluftraum 24 gemäss den Figuren 1 bis 3 gestattet die Ausnützung der bisher ungenützten Strahlungswärme der Zentralheizung und verhindert eine örtliche unerwünschte Überhitzung. Durch diese Kombination von Warmwasser-/ Warmluftheizung wird eine Optimierung der Energiebilanz beim Beheizen von Wohnräumen ermöglicht.The arrangement of the heat exchanger 3 in the warm air space 24 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 allows the previously unused radiant heat of the central heating to be used and prevents local undesired overheating. This combination of hot water / hot air heating enables an optimization of the energy balance when heating living spaces.

Selbstverständlich kommen noch weitere Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemässen Warmwasserheizung in Frage.Of course, further embodiments of the hot water heating according to the invention are also possible.

Das Abzugsrohr 7b des Flammenraumes 5 und der Rauchabzug 7a des Feuerungsraumes 1 können in einem gemeinsamen Rauchabzug oder in getrennten Rauchabzügen münden.The exhaust pipe 7b of the flame chamber 5 and the smoke exhaust 7a of the combustion chamber 1 can lead to a common smoke exhaust or separate smoke exhaust.

Der Brenner 2 und seine Hilfsaggregate, wie Gebläse, elektrische Steuerung, Heizungsanschlüsse, Ventile, Rauchanschluss und Reinigungsöffnung, können in gleicher baulicher Einheit wie die übrigen Elemente der Heizung oder vorzugsweise davon getrennt, z.B. in einem Montage- oder Serviceschrank, untergebracht sein. Sie müssen auf jeden Fall für die Revision, z.B. durch eine Tür, leicht zugänglich sein.The burner 2 and its auxiliary units, such as fans, electrical control, heating connections, valves, smoke connection and cleaning opening, can be in the same structural unit as the other elements of the heating or preferably separated therefrom, e.g. be housed in an assembly or service cabinet. In any case, you have to do the revision, e.g. through a door, be easily accessible.

Die Luftzuführung in den Warmluftraum 24 muss nicht durch den Hohlraum 6a in der Rückwand 6, sondern kann durch andere Teile der Heizung erfolgen.The air supply to the warm air space 24 does not have to be through the cavity 6a in the rear wall 6, but can be provided by other parts of the heater.

Anstelle des Schiebefensters kann auch ein schwenkbares Fenster vorgesehen sein.Instead of the sliding window, a pivotable window can also be provided.

Claims (16)

1. Hot water heating with a burner (2) for the combustion of free-flowing fuels and with a heating boiler (3) which has a water cooling jacket (4) connected to a heating circuit, which water cooling jacket forms for the burner (2) a flame space communicating with a flue (7), characterized in that the flame space (5) formed by the water cooling jacket (4) for the burner is completely closed and the heating boiler (3) is arranged directly above the firing space (1) of a fireplace or open hearth.
2. Hot water heating according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heating boiler (3) is arranged in the flue (7) of the firing space (1).
3. Hot water heating according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a continuation of the heating boiler (3) extends into the firing space (1):
4. Hot water heating according to Claim 3, characterized in that the continuation of the heating boiler (3) extending into the firing space (1) is designed as a hollow wall (8) which is heatable on both sides.
5. Hot water heating according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that movable means (9, 10) are provided in the flue (7) for directing the flue gases.
6. Hot water heating according to Claim 5, the firing space of which has a closeable opening, characterized in that the closure (12) of the opening of the firing space is coupled to the movable means, (9, 10) for directing the flue gases.
7. Hot water heating according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the water cooling jacket (4) has the form of a horizontally arranged cylinder.
8. Hot water heating according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a heat exchanger for air with inlet opening for room air and/or fresh air and outlet opening for hot air.
9. Hot water heating according to Claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the heating boiler (3) is arranged in a hot air space (24) which is in connection with an inlet opening for room air and/or fresh air and an outlet opening for hot air.
10. Hot water heating according to Claim 9, characterized in that a blower (21) is provided for room air and/or fresh air.
11. Hot water heating according to Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the heating boiler (3) has means for enlarging its external exchange area.
12. Hot water heating according to Claim 11, characterized in that the heating boiler (3) has air ducts (25) passing through the water cooling jacket (4).
13. Hot water heating according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that a part (7a) of the flue (7) of the firing space (1) is arranged in the hot air space (24).
14. Hot water heating according to one of Claims 1 to 13, the firing space of which has a closeable opening, characterized in that the closure (12) of the opening of the firing space (1) and the burner (2) are coupled to each other.
15. Hot water heating according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the firing space (1) has a collapsible fuel bin (13) which, in the collapsed state, can be pivoted about an axis into a space arranged underneath the firing space and a grid of which forms the combustion grate (14) of the firing space after the bin has been pivoted away.
16. Hot water heating according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the firing space (1) and the heating boiler (3) are accommodated in one structural unit and in that the burner (2) is arranged outside this unit.
EP83106505A 1982-07-20 1983-07-04 Central heating Expired EP0099505B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83106505T ATE25285T1 (en) 1982-07-20 1983-07-04 HOT WATER HEATING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH441882 1982-07-20
CH4418/82 1982-07-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0099505A1 EP0099505A1 (en) 1984-02-01
EP0099505B1 true EP0099505B1 (en) 1987-01-28

Family

ID=4275761

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83106505A Expired EP0099505B1 (en) 1982-07-20 1983-07-04 Central heating

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US (1) US4584985A (en)
EP (1) EP0099505B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE25285T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3369554D1 (en)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1938441A (en) * 1933-12-05 Water heater
US1113003A (en) * 1914-04-11 1914-10-06 Thomas Griffin Water-heater.
CH205460A (en) * 1938-06-14 1939-06-30 Mueller Hugo Boilers, in particular for central heating.
US2622587A (en) * 1949-02-02 1952-12-23 Raymond R Dupler Room heating unit
AT204742B (en) * 1955-12-31 1959-08-10 Emil Schwoerer boiler
CH350783A (en) * 1957-03-30 1960-12-15 Rueegg Walter Fireplace
DE1199423B (en) * 1958-04-01 1965-08-26 Accum A G Combustion air supply device on a boiler for burning solid as well as liquid fuels
CH365817A (en) * 1958-05-03 1962-11-30 Omnical Gmbh Water tube boiler
CH428139A (en) * 1965-12-15 1967-01-15 Rueegg Walter Heating device with fireplace
US4143817A (en) * 1977-02-17 1979-03-13 Oliver John F Automatic fireplace heating system
US4335703A (en) * 1978-12-13 1982-06-22 Klank Benno E O Heat conservation and storage apparatus and system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE25285T1 (en) 1987-02-15
EP0099505A1 (en) 1984-02-01
US4584985A (en) 1986-04-29
DE3369554D1 (en) 1987-03-05

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