EP0097968A1 - Smokable coherent foil and process for its production - Google Patents
Smokable coherent foil and process for its production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0097968A1 EP0097968A1 EP83106345A EP83106345A EP0097968A1 EP 0097968 A1 EP0097968 A1 EP 0097968A1 EP 83106345 A EP83106345 A EP 83106345A EP 83106345 A EP83106345 A EP 83106345A EP 0097968 A1 EP0097968 A1 EP 0097968A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- film
- smokable
- ions
- water
- pectin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000533293 Sesbania emerus Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003893 lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GMDNUWQNDQDBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;diformate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O GMDNUWQNDQDBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004492 methyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000292 pectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/14—Forming reconstituted tobacco products, e.g. wrapper materials, sheets, imitation leaves, rods, cakes; Forms of such products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
- A24B15/14—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco made of tobacco and a binding agent not derived from tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/42—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic and inorganic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/18—Selection of materials, other than tobacco, suitable for smoking
Definitions
- the invention relates to a smokable, coherent film made from shredded, vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste on a surface with a water-insoluble film.
- the shredded tobacco is washed out with a relatively large amount of water and the washing liquid is partially recirculated.
- the matted tobacco fibers with a relatively high proportion of cellulose fibers are poured onto a sieve belt. Due to the high moisture content, considerable amounts of energy are required for drying to the desired final moisture.
- the ground tobacco is mixed with about 10 times the amount of water and an appropriate proportion of binding agent to a pulp and poured onto a steel belt. This method also requires a large excess of moisture a relatively high amount of energy for drying.
- Binders water and / or solvents, generally in a smaller amount than the dry matter content, are added to the shredded tobacco, and the paste-like mass obtained after the mixing is applied using pressure by extrusion and / or shaping by means of rollers and / or belts formed into foils and then dried to the desired final moisture with a relatively low energy requirement.
- the film produced with the extruder process and / or roller system namely with little water and using pressure, generally has a lower filling capacity, which reduces the energetic advantages that are present in its production compared to the aforementioned systems. It is believed that this is due to the compact nature or the less porous structure compared to the film produced with the paper process or slurry system.
- tobacco dust is sprinkled onto a film consisting of binder and tobacco.
- a film consisting of binder and tobacco.
- tobacco dust is sprayed with various binder solutions and dried.
- the binder used to prevent dust abrasion can consist of methyl cellulose, dextrin, pectin, alginate, starch and the like.
- the moist film is dried before application, preferably spraying, of the coating material and dried again to the desired final moisture after coating.
- a tobacco film with a thin, hydrophobic coating is produced on at least one surface by forming a tobacco film from finely divided tobacco and a water-soluble binder in aqueous solution, the film dries, the dried film is then coated with an alcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose and the coating finally dries. So this requires a double drying and also a long conveyor belt, which is uneconomical and space-consuming.
- the film surface was coated with various binders, both water-soluble and water-insoluble, for which purpose, for example, solutions or suspensions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, pectin, alginate or locust bean gum were used, if appropriate also contained crosslinking agents such as glyoxal or other dialdehydes.
- binders both water-soluble and water-insoluble, for which purpose, for example, solutions or suspensions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, pectin, alginate or locust bean gum were used, if appropriate also contained crosslinking agents such as glyoxal or other dialdehydes.
- the smokable films produced from comminuted, vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste are not fully satisfactory with regard to their various properties, and the object of the invention is therefore to create a coherent, smokable film with good smoke quality which is known from the prior art Overcomes disadvantages, and which is characterized above all by an increased filling capacity and high moisture resistance. Furthermore, an economical and simple method for producing such a film is to be provided.
- a smokable film of the type mentioned at the outset which is obtainable by deforming the vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste with binders and water, the proportion of which is less than that of the dry substance used, between deformation elements under pressure, the deformed, coherent and still moist film is coated at a moisture content of 30 to 50% with a solution or suspension which contains at least one water-soluble, modified pectin from the group of low-esterified pectin with a degree of esterification of less than 40% and / or amidated, contains low-esterified pectin with a degree of amidation of over 15%, the modified pectin is brought into contact with divalent and / or trivalent metal ions and the coated film is dried, the concentration of the modified pectin on the film surface, based on the dry weight of the finished productEnd product, at least 0.5 percent by weight.
- a tobacco film with high filling capacity and high moisture resistance is then produced using extruder processes and / or roller processes.
- the energy requirement for the production of such films is far below that of the slurry process or of the paper process, and the films which can be obtained hereafter also have a significantly better smoke quality.
- the degree of esterification of the low-esterified pectins suitable according to the invention can generally range from 0.5 to 40%, with those having a degree of esterification of 10 to 40% being preferred owing to the better water solubility of the somewhat higher esterified pectins.
- amidated, low-esterified pectins can also be used according to the invention, namely pectins in which some of the ester groups (methyl ester groups) have been replaced by amide groups or in which some of the free carboxyl groups have been converted to amide groups.
- such amidated, low-esterified pectins have a degree of amidation of at least 15%, pectins with a degree of esterification of 35 to 20% and correspondingly a degree of amidation of 15 to 30% being preferred .
- Combinations of one or more low-esterified pectins with one or more amidated, low-esterified pectins can of course also be used.
- low-esterified pectins whose degree of esterification is below 10% are also suitable according to the invention for the film coating, since such pectins give water-insoluble films of good stability even with relatively small amounts of divalent and / or trivalent metal ions.
- their alkali metal salts such as sodium pectinate, or also their ammonium salts are advantageously used for the preparation of the coating solution or coating suspension.
- the degree of esterification of such pectinates is preferably between 0.5 and 10%, and in particular between 1 and 5%.
- the film according to the invention produced by means of printing systems shows an equally good or even better filling capacity than a film which was produced by the paper process or slurry process, the improved properties of such films, in particular also after their machine processing to cigarettes, are preserved.
- the divalent and / or trivalent metal ions preferably consist of calcium ions and / or magnesium ions and / or aluminum ions.
- the filling capacity of the products coated and cut with the water-insoluble film according to the invention is on average about 20 to about 60% higher than the filling capacity of products manufactured in the same way and having the same composition, but uncoated, even if the latter have a higher binder content.
- the preferred concentration of the modified pectin in the coating solution or coating suspension is 2 to 8 percent by weight, so that the viscosity of the coating solution or coating suspension at the application temperature is 5000 mPa s to 60,000 mPa s.
- the films produced in this way already show improved filling capacity when the concentration of the modified pectin on its surface, based on the dry weight of the finished end product, is at least 0.5 percent by weight.
- the concentration of the modified pectin on the product surface is preferably between 1.2 and 1.5 percent by weight, based on the dry weight of the finished end product.
- the calcium ions and / or magnesium ions and / or aluminum ions necessary to form a water-insoluble film can either be mixed into the coating solution or coating suspension or the comminuted, vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste.
- the ions are advantageously added to the coating solution or coating suspension in the form of water-insoluble salts, such as in the form of CaC0 3 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , A1P0 4 , MgCO 3 and the like. If they are added to the comminuted, vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste, then soluble salts, such as lactates, sulfates and the like, can also be used.
- the water-insoluble film is created by exchanging the divalent or trivalent metal ions ; with cations of the soluble, modified pectins during the drying of the coated structure.
- concentrations of the above ions are, depending on the type of application and Coating material, preferably between 0.5 and 20 percent by weight, based on the amount of modified pectin when added to the coating solution or suspension, and preferably between 0.5 and 10 percent by weight, based on the dry weight of the finished end product, if it was comminuted , vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste are added. These limits are guidelines, so that, depending on the type of modified pectin, the necessary amounts of ions are below or above.
- Tobacco foils were produced in the same way as in Example 1 and coated on a surface with different amounts of low-esterified (degree of esterification of about 20 to 22%) pectin.
- the coating solution contained calcium ions in an amount of 2%, based on the low-esterified pectin.
- films which are produced from so-called tobacco substitute materials namely ground parts of plants, for example husks of cocoa beans, husks of coffee beans or wood cellulose.
- Film B was produced from the same material and additives as film A, but with the difference that it was not coated but instead contained 1.5% by weight of the same sodium pectinate in the base material.
- the film C was produced from the same material and additives as the films A and B, but with the difference that the production was carried out by the paper process.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Rauchbare, zusammenhängende und auf einer Oberfläche einen wasserunlöslichen Film aufweisende Folie aus zerkleinerten, pflanzlichen Materialien und/oder Tabakabfällen, die dadurch erhältlich ist, daß die pflanzlichen Materialien und/oder Tabakabfälle mit Bindemitteln und Wasser, dessen Anteil geringer als derjenige der verwendeten Trockensubstanz ist, zwischen Verformungselementen unter Druck verformt werden, die verformte, zusammenhängende, noch feuchte Folie bei einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 30 bis 50 % mit einer Lösung oder Suspension beschichtet wird, die mindestens ein wasserlösliches, modifiziertes Pectin aus der Gruppe niedrig-verestertes Pectin mit einem Veresterungsgrad von unter 40 % und/oder amidiertes, niedrig-verestertes Pectin mit einem Amidierungsgrad von über 15 % enthält, das modifizierte Pectin mit zweiwertigen und/oder dreiwertigen Metallionen in Kontakt gebracht wird und die beschichtete Folie getrocknet wird, wobei die Konzentration des modifizierten Pectins auf der Folienoberfläche, bezogen auf das Trockengewicht des fertigen Endproduktes, mindestens 0,5 Gewichtsprozent beträgt. Diese rauchbare Folie zeigt eine gute Rauchqualität, eine erhöhte Füllfähigkeit des daraus hergestellten Tabaks und eine hohe Feuchtigkeits resistenz.Smokable, coherent film made from shredded, vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste on a surface with a water-insoluble film, which is obtainable by mixing the vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste with binders and water, the proportion of which is less than that of the dry substance used, are deformed between deformation elements under pressure, the deformed, coherent, still moist film is coated at a moisture content of 30 to 50% with a solution or suspension which contains at least one water-soluble, modified pectin from the group of low-esterification pectin with a degree of esterification of below Contains 40% and / or amidated, low-esterified pectin with a degree of amidation of over 15%, the modified pectin is brought into contact with divalent and / or trivalent metal ions and the coated film is dried, the concentration of the modified pectin being de r film surface, based on the dry weight of the finished end product, is at least 0.5 percent by weight. This smokable film shows a good smoke quality, an increased filling capacity of the tobacco made from it and a high moisture resistance.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine rauchbare, zusammenhängende und auf einer Oberfläche einen wasserunlöslichen Film aufweisende Folie aus zerkleinerten, pflanzlichen Materialien und/oder Tabakabfällen.The invention relates to a smokable, coherent film made from shredded, vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste on a surface with a water-insoluble film.
Die Herstellung von regenerierten, rauchbaren Produkten aus zerkleinertem, pflanzlichem Material, vorzugsweise aus Tabak, geschieht heute hauptsächlich unter Anwendung der folgenden drei Verfahren und Systeme:The production of regenerated, smokable products from shredded, vegetable material, preferably from tobacco, takes place today mainly using the following three processes and systems:
Der zerfaserte Tabak wird mit einer relativ großen Wassermenge ausgewaschen und die Waschflüssigkeit teilweise rezirkuliert. Die verfilzten Tabakfasern mit einem relativ hohen Anteil an Cellulosefasern werden auf ein Siebband gegossen. Für die Abtrocknung auf die gewünschte Endfeuchte sind hierbei aufgrund des hohen Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes erhebliche Energiemengen erforderlich.The shredded tobacco is washed out with a relatively large amount of water and the washing liquid is partially recirculated. The matted tobacco fibers with a relatively high proportion of cellulose fibers are poured onto a sieve belt. Due to the high moisture content, considerable amounts of energy are required for drying to the desired final moisture.
Der gemahlene Tabak wird mit einer etwa 10-fachen Wassermenge und einem entsprechenden Bindemittelanteil zu einem Brei vermischt und auf ein Stahlband gegossen. Auch bei diesem Verfahren erfordert der große Feuchtigkeitsüberschuß eine relativ hohe Energiemenge für die Trocknung.The ground tobacco is mixed with about 10 times the amount of water and an appropriate proportion of binding agent to a pulp and poured onto a steel belt. This method also requires a large excess of moisture a relatively high amount of energy for drying.
Zum zerkleinerten Tabak werden Bindemittel, Wasser und/ oder Lösungsmittel, im allgemeinen in einer geringeren Menge als der Trockensubstanzgehalt, gegeben, und die nach dem Mischen erhaltene, pastöse Masse wird unter Anwendung von Druck durch Extrudierung und/oder Verformung mittels Walzen und/oder Bändern zu Folien verformt und dann mit einem relativ geringen Energiebedarf auf die gewünschte Endfeuchtigkeit getrocknet.Binders, water and / or solvents, generally in a smaller amount than the dry matter content, are added to the shredded tobacco, and the paste-like mass obtained after the mixing is applied using pressure by extrusion and / or shaping by means of rollers and / or belts formed into foils and then dried to the desired final moisture with a relatively low energy requirement.
Beim Papierverfahren und beim Slurryverfahren wird bei der Verformung praktisch kein Druck angewandt, und die so hergestellte Folie hat daher im geschnittenen Zustand einen hohen Füllfähigkeitswert. Dies bedeutet eine Ersparnis an Rohtabakmaterial, weil bei der Zigarettenherstellung nicht das Gewicht, sondern die Zigarettenhärte bei gleichbleibendem Volumen maßgebend ist.In the paper process and in the slurry process, practically no pressure is used during the shaping, and the film thus produced therefore has a high filling capacity value when cut. This means a saving in raw tobacco material, because it is not the weight, but the hardness of the cigarette that is decisive for the volume of the cigarette.
Die mit dem Extruderverfahren und/oder Walzensystem, nämlich mit wenig Wasser und unter Anwendung von Druck, hergestellte Folie weist im allgemeinen eine niedrigere Füllfähigkeit auf, was die bei ihrer Herstellung vorhandenen energetischen Vorteile gegenüber den vorerwähnten Systemen schmälert. Es wird angenommen, daß dies auf die kompakte Beschaffenheit beziehungsweise auf die weniger poröse Struktur im Vergleich zu der mit dem Papierverfahren oder Slurrysystem hergestellten Folie zurückzuführen ist.The film produced with the extruder process and / or roller system, namely with little water and using pressure, generally has a lower filling capacity, which reduces the energetic advantages that are present in its production compared to the aforementioned systems. It is believed that this is due to the compact nature or the less porous structure compared to the film produced with the paper process or slurry system.
Bei Tabakfolien, die in der Zigarettenindustrie als Umblatt oder Deckblatt verwendet werden, wird wiederum keine hohe Füllfähigkeit benötigt, dafür aber eine hohe Wasserbeständigkeit beziehungsweise Speichelfestigkeit verlangt, da solche Folien mit den Zigarren direkt in den Mund genommen werden.In the case of tobacco foils, which are used in the cigarette industry as a wrapper or wrapper, high filling capacity is again not required, but high water resistance or saliva resistance is required, since such foils are taken directly into the mouth with the cigars.
Die US-PS 2 797 689 beschreibt bereits ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Wasserfestigkeit von rauchbaren Folien, indem man als Bindemittel Carboxymethylcellulose (freie Säure) verwendet. Die Carboxymethylcellulose bewirkt jedoch eine außerordentliche Schärfe im Rauch, was man durch Zusatz von entsprechenden Siliciumkatalysatoren zu reduzieren versucht.US Pat. No. 2,797,689 already describes a process for increasing the water resistance of smokable films by using carboxymethyl cellulose (free acid) as the binder. However, the carboxymethyl cellulose causes an extraordinary sharpness in the smoke, which is attempted to be reduced by adding appropriate silicon catalysts.
Es gibt noch weitere Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Wasserfestigkeit, beispielsweise durch Anwendung sogenannter Quervernetzungsmittel, wie Glyoxal und dergleichen, wie dies in der DE-PS 2 653 377 beschrieben wird.There are other methods for increasing the water resistance, for example by using so-called cross-linking agents such as glyoxal and the like, as described in DE-PS 2 653 377.
Weiter sind auch Verfahren bekannt, um der nach dem Slurryverfahren hergestellten Folie eine bessere Speichelfestigkeit zu verleihen, so daß sie vor allem auch als Zigarrendeckblatt verwendet werden kann.Methods are also known for imparting better saliva resistance to the film produced by the slurry process, so that it can also be used above all as a cigar wrapper.
Ein Verfahren dieser Art geht aus US-PS 3 185 161 hervor, wonach ein in einem organischen Lösungsmittel lösliches und nach dessen Entfernung unlösliches Cellulosepolymerisat, beispielsweise alkohollösliche Ethylcellulose, als Beschichtungsmaterial auf die Oberfläche einer rauchbaren Folie aufgebracht wird.A method of this type is disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,185,161, according to which a cellulose polymer which is soluble in an organic solvent and insoluble after its removal, for example alcohol-soluble ethyl cellulose, is applied as a coating material to the surface of a smokable film.
Bei dem aus US-PS 3 016 907 bekannten Verfahren wird auf einen aus Bindemittel und Tabak bestehenden Film Tabakstaub aufgestreut. Um den auf der Oberfläche befindlichen Tabakstaub vor mechanischem Abrieb zu schützen, wird dieser zusätzlich mit verschiedenen Bindemittellösungen besprüht und getrocknet. Das zur Verhinderung des Staubabriebs verwendete Bindemittel kann aus Methylcellulose, Dextrin, Pectin, Alginat, Stärke und dergleichen bestehen.In the process known from US Pat. No. 3,016,907, tobacco dust is sprinkled onto a film consisting of binder and tobacco. To protect the tobacco dust on the surface from mechanical abrasion, it is sprayed with various binder solutions and dried. The binder used to prevent dust abrasion can consist of methyl cellulose, dextrin, pectin, alginate, starch and the like.
Alle diese Methoden sind jedoch nicht auf die Verbesserung der Füllfähigkeit ausgerichtet.However, all of these methods are not aimed at improving the filling capacity.
Bei den meisten genannten Verfahren wird die feuchte Folie vor dem Auftragen, vorzugsweise Aufsprühen, des Beschichtungsmaterials getrocknet und nach dem Beschichten nochmals auf die gewünschte Endfeuchtigkeit getrocknet. So wird beispielsweise gemäß US-PS 3 185 161 und US-PS 3 185 162 eine Tabakfolie mit einer dünnen, hydrophoben Beschichtung auf mindestens einer Oberfläche dadurch hergestellt, daß man aus feinzerteiltem Tabak und einem wasserlöslichen Bindemittel in wässriger Lösung eine Tabakfolie formt, die Folie trocknet, die getrocknete Folie dann mit einer alkoholischen Lösung von Ethylcellulose beschichtet und die Beschichtung schließlich trocknet. Dies erfordert also eine zweimalige Trocknung und zudem ein langes Transportband, was unwirtschaftlich und platzaufwendig ist.In most of the processes mentioned, the moist film is dried before application, preferably spraying, of the coating material and dried again to the desired final moisture after coating. For example, according to US Pat. No. 3,185,161 and US Pat. No. 3,185,162, a tobacco film with a thin, hydrophobic coating is produced on at least one surface by forming a tobacco film from finely divided tobacco and a water-soluble binder in aqueous solution, the film dries, the dried film is then coated with an alcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose and the coating finally dries. So this requires a double drying and also a long conveyor belt, which is uneconomical and space-consuming.
Beim bereits erwähnten Papierverfahren wird zur Sicherung der Reißfestigkeit der Folie ein relativ hoher Anteil an Cellulosefasern benötigt. Das Slurrysystem erfordert für den gleichen Zweck einen relativ hohen Bindemittelanteil. All diese Stoffe beeinflussen jedoch die Rauchqualität negativ. Beim Extruderverfahren und/oder Walzenverfahren, bei dem weniger Wasser, Cellulosefasern und Bindemittel verwendet werden, ist zwar die Rauchqualität entsprechend besser, die von der Wirtschaftlichkeit her heute allgemein geforderte Füllfähigkeit dagegen schlechter.In the paper process already mentioned, a relatively high proportion of cellulose fibers is required to ensure the tear strength of the film. The Slurry system requires a relatively high proportion of binder for the same purpose. However, all of these substances have a negative impact on smoke quality. In the extruder process and / or roll process, in which less water, cellulose fibers and binders are used, the smoke quality is correspondingly better, but the filling capacity, which is generally required today from the point of view of economy, is poorer.
Zur Verbesserung der verschiedenen physikalischen Eigenschaften der mit dem Extruderverfahren und/oder Walzenverfahren hergestellten Folie wurde die Folienoberfläche mit verschiedenen, sowohl wasserlöslichen als auch wasserunlöslichen Bindemitteln beschichtet, wozu beispielsweise Lösungen oder Suspensionen von Natriumcarboxymethylcellulose, Guarkernmehl, Pectin, Alginat oder Johannisbrotkernmehl verwendet wurden, die gegebenenfalls auch Quervernetzungsmittel enthielten, wie Glyoxal oder andere Dialdehyde. Dadurch ließ sich zwar eine gewisse Verbesserung der physikalischen Eigenschaften, wie der Reißfestigkeit, solcher Folien erreichen, doch waren beim Verarbeiten solcher Folien in Zigaretten die Resultate nicht zufriedenstellend.To improve the various physical properties of the film produced by the extrusion process and / or roller process, the film surface was coated with various binders, both water-soluble and water-insoluble, for which purpose, for example, solutions or suspensions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, pectin, alginate or locust bean gum were used, if appropriate also contained crosslinking agents such as glyoxal or other dialdehydes. This allowed a certain Such films have improved physical properties, such as tear strength, but the results have not been satisfactory when processing such films in cigarettes.
Obigen Ausführungen zufolge sind die aus zerkleinerten, pflanzlichen Materialien und/oder Tabakabfällen hergestellten rauchbaren Folien bezüglich ihrer verschiedenen Eigenschaften nicht voll befriedigend, und Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher die Schaffung einer zusammenhängenden, rauchbaren Folie mit guter Rauchqualität, die die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile überwindet, und die sich vor allem auch durch eine gesteigerte Füllfähigkeit und hohe Feuchtigkeitsresistenz auszeichnet. Ferner soll ein wirtschaftliches und einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Folie bereitgestellt werden.According to the above explanations, the smokable films produced from comminuted, vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste are not fully satisfactory with regard to their various properties, and the object of the invention is therefore to create a coherent, smokable film with good smoke quality which is known from the prior art Overcomes disadvantages, and which is characterized above all by an increased filling capacity and high moisture resistance. Furthermore, an economical and simple method for producing such a film is to be provided.
Diese Aufgabe wird nun erfindungsgemäß durch eine rauchbare Folie der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, die dadurch erhältlich ist, daß die pflanzlichen Materialien und/oder Tabakabfälle mit Bindemitteln und Wasser, dessen Anteil geringer als derjenige der verwendeten Trockensubstanz ist, zwischen Verformungselementen unter Druck verformt werden, die verformte, zusammenhängende und noch feuchte Folie bei einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 30 bis 50 % mit einer Lösung oder Suspension beschichtet wird, die mindestens ein wasserlösliches, modifiziertes Pectin aus der Gruppe niedrig-verestertes Pectin mit einem Veresterungsgrad von unter 40 % und/oder amidiertes, niedrig-verestertes Pectin mit einem Amidierungsgrad von über 15 % enthält, das modifizierte Pectin mit zweiwertigen und/oder dreiwertigen Metallionen in Kontakt gebracht wird und die beschichtete Folie getrocknet wird, wobei die Konzentration des modifizierten Pectins auf der Folienoberfläche, bezogen auf das Trockengewicht des fertigen Endproduktes, mindestens 0,5 Gewichtsprozent beträgt.This object is now achieved according to the invention by a smokable film of the type mentioned at the outset, which is obtainable by deforming the vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste with binders and water, the proportion of which is less than that of the dry substance used, between deformation elements under pressure, the deformed, coherent and still moist film is coated at a moisture content of 30 to 50% with a solution or suspension which contains at least one water-soluble, modified pectin from the group of low-esterified pectin with a degree of esterification of less than 40% and / or amidated, contains low-esterified pectin with a degree of amidation of over 15%, the modified pectin is brought into contact with divalent and / or trivalent metal ions and the coated film is dried, the concentration of the modified pectin on the film surface, based on the dry weight of the finished productEnd product, at least 0.5 percent by weight.
Unter Anwendung von Extruderverfahren und/oder Walzenverfahren entsteht danach eine Tabakfolie mit hoher Füllfähigkeit und hoher Feuchtigkeitsresistenz. Der Energiebedarf für die Herstellung solcher Folien liegt weit unter demjenigen von Slurryverfahren beziehungsweise von Papierverfahren, wobei die hiernach erhältlichen Folien zudem über eine wesentlich bessere Rauchqualität verfügen.A tobacco film with high filling capacity and high moisture resistance is then produced using extruder processes and / or roller processes. The energy requirement for the production of such films is far below that of the slurry process or of the paper process, and the films which can be obtained hereafter also have a significantly better smoke quality.
Es hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß das Aufbringen einer viskosen Beschichtungslösung oder Beschichtungssuspension auf eine Oberfläche der noch nicht getrockneten, bereits verformten Folie, die einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 30 bis 50 % aufweist, nach anschließender Trocknung nur dann eine signifikante Erhöhung der Füllfähigkeit der geschnittenen, rauchbaren Folie bewirkt, wenn die Beschichtungslösung oder Beschichtungssuspension ein oder mehrere niedrig-veresterte Pectine mit einem Veresterungsgrad von unter 40 % enthält und wenn durch Zusammenbringen und Reaktion dieser modifizierten Pectine mit zweiwertigen und/oder dreiwertigen Metallionen und Trocknung ein wasserunlöslicher Film auf einer Oberfläche der rauchbaren Folie entsteht. Diese Füllfähigkeitserhöhung bleibt auch nach der Verarbeitung der rauchbaren Folie zu Zigaretten erhalten.It has surprisingly been found that the application of a viscous coating solution or coating suspension to a surface of the not yet dried, already deformed film, which has a moisture content of 30 to 50%, only then significantly increases the filling capacity of the cut, smokable after subsequent drying Film causes if the coating solution or coating suspension contains one or more low-esterified pectins with a degree of esterification of less than 40% and if, by combining and reacting these modified pectins with divalent and / or trivalent metal ions and drying, a water-insoluble film on a surface of the smokable film arises. This increase in filling capacity is retained even after the smokable film has been processed into cigarettes.
Der Veresterungsgrad der erfindungsgemäß geeigneten niedrig-veresterten Pectine kann allgemein von 0,5 bis 40 % reichen, wobei infolge der besseren Wasserlöslichkeit der etwas höher veresterten Pectine solche mit einem Veresterungsgrad von 10 bis 40 % bevorzugt sind.The degree of esterification of the low-esterified pectins suitable according to the invention can generally range from 0.5 to 40%, with those having a degree of esterification of 10 to 40% being preferred owing to the better water solubility of the somewhat higher esterified pectins.
Statt lediglich niedrig-veresterten Pectinen lassen sich erfindungsgemäß auch amidierte, niedrig-veresterte Pectine verwenden, nämlich Pectine, bei denen ein Teil der Estergruppen (Methylestergruppen) durch Amidgruppen ersetzt ist oder bei denen ein Teil der noch freien Carboxylgruppen in Amidgruppen überführt ist. Neben dem jeweiligen Veresterungsgrad, der sich im Bereich der oben angegebenen Werte bewegen kann, weisen solche amidierte, niedrig-veresterte Pectine einen Amidierungsgrad von wenigstens 15 % auf, wobei Pectine mit einem Veresterungsgrad von 35 bis 20 % und dementsprechend einem Amidierungsgrad von 15 bis 30 % bevorzugt sind. Es können natürlich auch Kombinationen von einem oder mehreren niedrig-veresterten Pectinen mit einem oder mehreren amidierten, niedrig-veresterten Pectinen angewandt werden.Instead of only low-esterified pectins, amidated, low-esterified pectins can also be used according to the invention, namely pectins in which some of the ester groups (methyl ester groups) have been replaced by amide groups or in which some of the free carboxyl groups have been converted to amide groups. In addition to the respective ver Degree of esterification, which can be in the range of the values given above, such amidated, low-esterified pectins have a degree of amidation of at least 15%, pectins with a degree of esterification of 35 to 20% and correspondingly a degree of amidation of 15 to 30% being preferred . Combinations of one or more low-esterified pectins with one or more amidated, low-esterified pectins can of course also be used.
Weiter sind erfindungsgemäß für die Folienbeschichtung auch solche niedrig-veresterte Pectine geeignet, deren Veresterungsgrad unter 10 % liegt, da solche Pectine bereits mit relativ geringen Mengen von zweiwertigen und/ oder dreiwertigen Metallionen wasserunlösliche Filme von guter Stabilität ergeben. Wegen der geringen Wasserlöslichkeit der unter 10 % veresterten Pectine werden für die Zubereitung der Beschichtungslösung oder Beschichtungssuspension mit Vorteil jedoch ihre Alkalimetallsalze, wie Natriumpectinat, oder auch ihre Ammoniumsalze verwendet. Der Veresterungsgrad solcher Pectinate liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 10 %, und insbesondere zwischen 1 und 5 %.Furthermore, low-esterified pectins whose degree of esterification is below 10% are also suitable according to the invention for the film coating, since such pectins give water-insoluble films of good stability even with relatively small amounts of divalent and / or trivalent metal ions. Because of the low water solubility of the pectins esterified below 10%, their alkali metal salts, such as sodium pectinate, or also their ammonium salts are advantageously used for the preparation of the coating solution or coating suspension. The degree of esterification of such pectinates is preferably between 0.5 and 10%, and in particular between 1 and 5%.
Überraschenderweise zeigt die mittels Drucksystemen hergestellte erfindungsgemäße Folie durch Anwendung dieser relativ einfachen und billigen Maßnahme eine gleich gute oder sogar eine bessere Füllfähigkeit als eine Folie, die nach dem Papierverfahren oder Slurryverfahren hergestellt wurde, wobei die verbesserten Eigenschaften solcher Folien, insbesondere auch nach ihrer maschinellen Verarbeitung zu Zigaretten, erhalten bleiben.Surprisingly, by using this relatively simple and inexpensive measure, the film according to the invention produced by means of printing systems shows an equally good or even better filling capacity than a film which was produced by the paper process or slurry process, the improved properties of such films, in particular also after their machine processing to cigarettes, are preserved.
Die zweiwertigen und/oder dreiwertigen Metallionen bestehen erfindungsgemäß vorzugsweise aus Calciumionen und/oder Magnesiumionen und/oder Aluminiumionen. Die Füllfähigkeit der mit dem erfindungsgemäßen wasserunlöslichen Film beschichteten und geschnittenen Produkte liegt durchschnittlich um etwa 20 bis etwa 60 % höher als die Füllfähigkeit der auf gleiche Weise hergestellten und eine gleiche Zusammensetzung aufweisenden, jedoch unbeschichteten Produkte, auch wenn die letzteren einen höheren Bindemittelanteil aufweisen.According to the invention, the divalent and / or trivalent metal ions preferably consist of calcium ions and / or magnesium ions and / or aluminum ions. The filling capacity of the products coated and cut with the water-insoluble film according to the invention is on average about 20 to about 60% higher than the filling capacity of products manufactured in the same way and having the same composition, but uncoated, even if the latter have a higher binder content.
Die bevorzugte Konzentration des modifizierten Pectins in der Beschichtungslösung oder Beschichtungssuspension liegt bei 2 bis 8 Gewichtsprozent, so daß die Viskosität der Beschichtungslösung oder Beschichtungssuspension bei der Auftragstemperatur 5000 mPa s bis 60 000 mPa s beträgt.The preferred concentration of the modified pectin in the coating solution or coating suspension is 2 to 8 percent by weight, so that the viscosity of the coating solution or coating suspension at the application temperature is 5000 mPa s to 60,000 mPa s.
Die auf diese Weise hergestellten Folien zeigen bereits verbesserte Füllfähigkeit, wenn die Konzentration des modifizierten Pectins auf ihrer Oberfläche, bezogen auf das Trockengewicht des fertigen Endproduktes, mindestens 0,5 Gewichtsprozent beträgt. Die Konzentration des modifizierten Pectins auf der Produktoberfläche liegt jedoch vorzugsweise zwischen 1,2 und 1,5 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf das Trockengewicht des fertigen Endproduktes.The films produced in this way already show improved filling capacity when the concentration of the modified pectin on its surface, based on the dry weight of the finished end product, is at least 0.5 percent by weight. However, the concentration of the modified pectin on the product surface is preferably between 1.2 and 1.5 percent by weight, based on the dry weight of the finished end product.
Die zur Bildung eines wasserunlöslichen Films notwendigen Calciumionen und/oder Magnesiumionen und/oder Aluminiumionen können entweder der Beschichtungslösung oder Beschichtungssuspension oder den zerkleinerten, pflanzlichen Materialien und/oder Tabakabfällen zugemischt werden. Zur Vermeidung einer vorzeitigen Gelierung werden die Ionen der Beschichtungslösung oder Beschichtungssuspension mit Vorteil in Form wasserunlöslicher Salze zugesetzt, wie in Form von CaC03, Ca3(PO4)2, A1P04, MgCO3 und dergleichen. Werden sie zu den zerkleinerten, pflanzlichen Materialien und/oder Tabakabfällen gegeben, dann lassen sich auch lösliche Salze verwenden, wie beispielsweise Lactate, Sulfate und dergleichen. In beiden Fällen entsteht der wasserunlösliche Film durch Austausch der zweiwertigen beziehungsweise dreiwertigen Metallionen ; mit Kationen der löslichen, modifizierten Pectine während der Trocknung des beschichteten Gebildes. Die Konzentrationen der obigen Ionen liegen, je nach Anwendungsart und Beschichtungsmaterial, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 20 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf die Menge des modifizierten Pectins, wenn sie der Beschichtungslösung oder Beschichtungssuspension zugegeben werden, und vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 10 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf das Trockengewicht des fertigen Endproduktes, wenn sie den zerkleinerten, pflanzlichen Materialien und/oder Tabakabfällen zugesetzt werden. Diese Grenzen sind Richtwerte, so daß je nach Art des modifizierten Pectins die notwendigen Ionenmengen darunterliegen oder darüberliegen können.The calcium ions and / or magnesium ions and / or aluminum ions necessary to form a water-insoluble film can either be mixed into the coating solution or coating suspension or the comminuted, vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste. To avoid premature gelation, the ions are advantageously added to the coating solution or coating suspension in the form of water-insoluble salts, such as in the form of CaC0 3 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , A1P0 4 , MgCO 3 and the like. If they are added to the comminuted, vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste, then soluble salts, such as lactates, sulfates and the like, can also be used. In both cases, the water-insoluble film is created by exchanging the divalent or trivalent metal ions ; with cations of the soluble, modified pectins during the drying of the coated structure. The concentrations of the above ions are, depending on the type of application and Coating material, preferably between 0.5 and 20 percent by weight, based on the amount of modified pectin when added to the coating solution or suspension, and preferably between 0.5 and 10 percent by weight, based on the dry weight of the finished end product, if it was comminuted , vegetable materials and / or tobacco waste are added. These limits are guidelines, so that, depending on the type of modified pectin, the necessary amounts of ions are below or above.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der folgenden Beispiele näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Gemahlene Tabakabfälle, Bindemittel (NaCMC = Natriumcarboxymethylcellulose), Calciumcarbonat und Wasser wurden gründlich zusammengemischt und auf einem Dreiwalzenstuhl zu einer Folie ausgewalzt. Die Folie wurde auf der dritten Walze mit Hilfe einer Aufstreichvorrichtung mit verschiedenen Beschichtungslösungen beschichtet, bevor sie auf ein perforiertes Band abgenommen, vorgetrocknet und in einem Trommeltrockner auf eine Endfeuchte von 14 bis 16 % Wassergehalt gebracht wurde. Tabelle 1 zeigt die Zusammensetzungen der einzelnen Folien.
Es wurden Tabakfolien auf die gleiche Weise wie in Beispiel 1 hergestellt und auf einer Oberfläche mit unterschiedlichen Mengen an niedrig-verestertem (Veresterungsgrad von etwa 20 bis 22 %) Pectin beschichtet. Die Beschichtungslösung enthielt dabei Calciumionen in einer Menge von 2 %, bezogen auf das niedrig-veresterte Pectin.
Das gleiche gilt auch für Folien, die aus sogenannten Tabakersatzmaterialien hergestellt werden, nämlich gemahlenen Pflanzenteilen, beispielsweise Schalen von Kakaobohnen, Schalen von Kaffeebohnen oder Holzcellulose.The same also applies to films which are produced from so-called tobacco substitute materials, namely ground parts of plants, for example husks of cocoa beans, husks of coffee beans or wood cellulose.
Für die Herstellung der Folie A wurden 2300 g gemahlene Tabakabfälle mit 50 g Natriumcarboxymethylcellulose, 37,5 g Guarkernmehl, 25 g Magnesiumformiat und 50 g Aluminiumsulfat zuerst trocken und anschließend mit 1000 g Wasser gründlich vermischt. Die feuchte, aber noch rieselfähige Masse wurde auf einem Dreiwalzenstuhl zu einer Folie ausgewalzt. Auf der dritten Walze wurde die noch feuchte Folie mit Hilfe einer Walze mit einer 5 %-igen Lösung von Natriumpectinat (Veresterungsgrad des Pectins etwa 1 bis 4 %, Viskosität der Lösung etwa 40 000 mPa s bei Raumtemperatur) so beschichtet, daß die fertige Folie 1,5 Gewichtsprozent Natriumpectinat auf der Oberfläche enthielt. Die beschichtete Folie wurde anschließend auf einem Band bis zu einer Feuchte von 14 % Wassergehalt getrocknet.For the production of film A, 2300 g of ground tobacco waste were first dried with 50 g sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 37.5 g guar gum, 25 g magnesium formate and 50 g aluminum sulfate and then thoroughly mixed with 1000 g water. The moist, but still free-flowing mass was rolled out into a film on a three-roll mill. On the third roller, the still moist film was coated with a roller with a 5% solution of sodium pectinate (degree of esterification of the pectin about 1 to 4%, viscosity of the solution about 40,000 mPa s at room temperature) so that the finished film Contained 1.5 percent by weight sodium pectinate on the surface. The coated film was then dried on a belt to a moisture content of 14%.
Die Folie B wurde aus gleichem Material und Additiven hergestellt wie die Folie A, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, daß sie nicht beschichtet wurde, sondern stattdessen 1,5 Gewichtsprozent des gleichen Natriumpectinats in der Grundmasse enthielt.Film B was produced from the same material and additives as film A, but with the difference that it was not coated but instead contained 1.5% by weight of the same sodium pectinate in the base material.
Die Folie C wurde aus gleichem Material und Additiven hergestellt wie die Folien A und B, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, daß die Herstellung nach dem Papierverfahren erfolgte.The film C was produced from the same material and additives as the films A and B, but with the difference that the production was carried out by the paper process.
Alle drei Folientypen wurden mit Hilfe eines Aktenvernichters diagonal zur Laufrichtung in 1 mm breite und gleich lange Streifen geschnitten, ihre Feuchte auf 14,0 % Wassergehalt eingestellt und anschließend ihre Füllfähig-. keit mit Hilfe eines Borgwaldt-Densimeters gemessen. Parallel dazu wurden Zigaretten aus allen drei Folien hergestellt und von einem Raucherpanel beurteilt. Die Resultate sind in Tabelle 4 zusammengefaßt.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT83106345T ATE22780T1 (en) | 1982-06-30 | 1983-06-29 | SMOKEABLE CONTINUOUS FILM AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THERE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3224416A DE3224416C1 (en) | 1982-06-30 | 1982-06-30 | Smokable, coherent film and process for its production |
| DE3224416 | 1982-06-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0097968A1 true EP0097968A1 (en) | 1984-01-11 |
| EP0097968B1 EP0097968B1 (en) | 1986-10-15 |
Family
ID=6167231
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83106345A Expired EP0097968B1 (en) | 1982-06-30 | 1983-06-29 | Smokable coherent foil and process for its production |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4564031A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0097968B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900000645B1 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR230928A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE22780T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU564994B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8303484A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1196774A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3224416C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES523699A0 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU192149B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL68984A0 (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1405690A3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA834369B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3819534C1 (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1989-12-07 | B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg, De | |
| US5377698A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1995-01-03 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Reconstituted tobacco product |
| US5540242A (en) * | 1993-07-07 | 1996-07-30 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Cigarette paper having reduced sidestream properties |
| US5584306A (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 1996-12-17 | Beauman; Emory | Reconstituted tobacco material and method of its production |
| JP2990166B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 1999-12-13 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Method and apparatus for producing rolled sheet tobacco having improved water resistance |
| RU2449717C2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2012-05-10 | Свидиш Мэтч Норт Юроп Аб | Tobacco or non-tobacco product containing magnesium carbonate |
| CA2742669A1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Low flame-spreading cigarette paper |
| US8710682B2 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2014-04-29 | Designer Molecules Inc, Inc. | Materials and methods for stress reduction in semiconductor wafer passivation layers |
| CN104253275B (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2016-08-10 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Binder, pole piece, manufacturing method and battery for lithium battery or lithium-sulfur battery |
| WO2019111536A1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-13 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Filler for smoking article |
| JP7539218B2 (en) * | 2019-02-11 | 2024-08-23 | エスダブリュエム ホルコ ルクセンブルク | Reconstituted cocoa material for aerosol generation |
| CN112120274B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2023-05-09 | 四川工商职业技术学院 | Composite tobacco sheet and preparation method thereof |
| KR102628986B1 (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2024-01-24 | 주식회사 케이티앤지 | Flavor containing sheet comprising lm-pectin for smoking articles and smoking article comprising the same |
| WO2024247073A1 (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2024-12-05 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Rolled sheet, tobacco filler, smoking product, and method for manufacturing rolled sheet |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3016907A (en) * | 1959-10-19 | 1962-01-16 | Int Cigar Mach Co | Manufacture of tobacco |
| DE2505149B2 (en) * | 1974-02-21 | 1981-07-02 | Imperial Group Ltd., London | Tobacco foil |
| EP0056308A1 (en) * | 1981-01-07 | 1982-07-21 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Reconstituted tobacco smoking material and method for its production |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3185162A (en) * | 1960-12-05 | 1965-05-25 | American Mach & Foundry | Process for making reconstituted sheet tobacco |
| US3121433A (en) * | 1961-08-08 | 1964-02-18 | American Mach & Foundry | Manufacture of smoking products |
| US3386449A (en) * | 1966-06-16 | 1968-06-04 | Philip Morris Inc | Method of making a reconstituted tobacco sheet |
| US4140135A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1979-02-20 | Gulf & Western Corporation | Hydrophobic coating for tobacco sheet material |
| US4176668A (en) * | 1977-05-02 | 1979-12-04 | Amf Incorporated | Novel reconstituted tobacco sheets and process |
-
1982
- 1982-06-30 DE DE3224416A patent/DE3224416C1/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-06-14 IL IL68984A patent/IL68984A0/en unknown
- 1983-06-14 ZA ZA834369A patent/ZA834369B/en unknown
- 1983-06-21 CA CA000430830A patent/CA1196774A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-22 AU AU16151/83A patent/AU564994B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-06-24 HU HU832303A patent/HU192149B/en unknown
- 1983-06-28 SU SU833609885A patent/SU1405690A3/en active
- 1983-06-29 US US06/509,205 patent/US4564031A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-06-29 BR BR8303484A patent/BR8303484A/en unknown
- 1983-06-29 ES ES523699A patent/ES523699A0/en active Granted
- 1983-06-29 AT AT83106345T patent/ATE22780T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-06-29 KR KR1019830002947A patent/KR900000645B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-29 EP EP83106345A patent/EP0097968B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-29 DE DE8383106345T patent/DE3366819D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-08-30 AR AR293492A patent/AR230928A1/en active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3016907A (en) * | 1959-10-19 | 1962-01-16 | Int Cigar Mach Co | Manufacture of tobacco |
| DE2505149B2 (en) * | 1974-02-21 | 1981-07-02 | Imperial Group Ltd., London | Tobacco foil |
| EP0056308A1 (en) * | 1981-01-07 | 1982-07-21 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Reconstituted tobacco smoking material and method for its production |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES8405097A1 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
| DE3224416C1 (en) | 1984-03-15 |
| ATE22780T1 (en) | 1986-11-15 |
| ES523699A0 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
| AR230928A1 (en) | 1984-08-31 |
| KR900000645B1 (en) | 1990-02-02 |
| CA1196774A (en) | 1985-11-19 |
| HUT37559A (en) | 1986-01-23 |
| US4564031A (en) | 1986-01-14 |
| AU564994B2 (en) | 1987-09-03 |
| KR840004864A (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| AU1615183A (en) | 1984-01-05 |
| DE3366819D1 (en) | 1986-11-20 |
| EP0097968B1 (en) | 1986-10-15 |
| BR8303484A (en) | 1984-02-07 |
| HU192149B (en) | 1987-05-28 |
| IL68984A0 (en) | 1983-10-31 |
| ZA834369B (en) | 1984-03-28 |
| SU1405690A3 (en) | 1988-06-23 |
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