EP0087740A2 - Process for the continuous dyeing of textile materials in web form - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the continuous dyeing of textile webs, the web being impregnated and squeezed out with an aqueous liquor containing dissolved and / or dispersed dyes at a temperature between 20 and 95 ° C. and the dyes being fixed in a steam / air mixture are characterized in that the impregnated web is not dried before the dye fixation, the drying temperature of the steam / air mixture is kept between 110 and 140 ° C, the steam content of the steam / air mixture is measured so that the wet temperature of the wet web is between 50 and 95 ° C, and the fixing time is at least 20 seconds.

Description

The present invention relates to a continuous process for dyeing textile webs, wherein the web is impregnated with an aqueous liquor, which contains dissolved and / or dispersed dyes, at a temperature between 20 and 95 ° C. and the dyes are fixed in a steam / air mixture, characterized in that the impregnated web is not intermediately dried before the dye fixation, the drying temperature of the steam / air mixture is kept between 110 and 140 ° C, the steam content of the Steam / air mixture is dimensioned so that the wet temperature of the wet web is between 50 and 95 ° C and the fixing time is at least 20 seconds.

Block drying and block heat setting processes are known, which are carried out in most cases on the pre-dried textile material. If damp textile goods are used for the dye fixation program, they are dried when entering the heat treatment field. As a variant of the dry fixing method, the drying speed has also been influenced by regulating the steam content in the drying medium (DE-OS 25 52 562). A lot of energy is used both for drying and for heat setting. Another disadvantage here is the migration that takes place during the drying process, which can lead to uneven dyeing.

Block-steaming processes are also known, which, regardless of whether they are used as one- or two-bath processes, are very energy-intensive. With the two-bath block steam Process is first dried after dye impregnation; the fixing chemicals are then applied in a second padding process, which is why these processes are also known as chemical pad-steam processes. These processes are even more energy-intensive because the textile goods are both dried and steamed. Steaming takes place at 103 - 105 ° C. Intermediate drying also takes place in the one-bath block-steaming process, which is why the same disadvantages of high energy consumption apply here. In the so-called one-bath wet steaming process, a block-wet product is run into the steamer at 103 - 105 ° C, which causes a large amount of steam to condense on the textile. Because of the high losses in yield, the process is primarily used only for vat, sulfur vat and sulfur dyes. The energy losses in the damper with slight overpressure are high due to the absence of air, especially during the downtimes and heating-up times.

The task set was thus to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above, to enable good dye fixation with good colouration and to be able to work at a high production speed using a method which nevertheless saves energy. This object is achieved by the method according to the invention, as described at the outset. The dyes are fixed at a temperature of 50-95 ° C. of the moist tissue (so-called "wet temperature") over a period of at least 20 seconds and generally not more than 200 seconds. However, in individual cases, depending on the dye used or the textile material to be dyed, the required fixing time can also be more than 200 seconds. The above-mentioned temperature range of 50-95 ° C of the moist tissue is determined by the ratio of water vapor to air in the steam / air mixture certainly. The temperature of the moist fabric web corresponds to the temperature of a thermometer kept moist in the existing steam / air mixture. Psychrometers work according to the same principle to determine the air content in a vapor / air mixture. The temperature of the steam / air mixture of 110 - 140 ° C (so-called "dry temperature") is measured with a dry thermometer.

The advantages of the method according to the invention are that the drying process is eliminated. On the other hand, since the dye fixation takes place at 50 - 95 ° C, it is no longer necessary to ensure that the fixation room is completely free of air.

In terms of equipment, a hot flue equipped with additional infrared emitters is expediently used for the dyeing process according to the invention, which also offers the possibility of steam injection. Because the infrared emitters are located inside the fixing chamber, the energy supplied by these emitters is not lost. The steam is advantageously supplied on the intake side of the air.

Compared to a pad-steaming process, regardless of whether it is a one-bath wet-steaming process or a chemical pad / steam process, the steam consumption in the process according to the invention is significantly lower. In addition, no excess pressure is required. There is practically no drying of the goods during the dye fixation. There is also no condensation and thus an increase in the amount of water because of the additional IR radiators installed in the fixing chamber.

The advantage of heating up the equipment used, for example, a hot flue, is primarily that the metal parts of the apparatus are preheated with hot air before the steam injection begins. This prevents condensation of the steam on the cold metal parts, which not least also significantly reduces the risk of water dripping. Since the dye fixation works at a wet temperature of 95 ° C or below, there is a vapor / air mixture. At a wet temperature of about 80 ° C, the steam content in the fixing chamber is less than 30% by volume. This makes it possible, for example, to dispense with the use of stainless steel, which has a particularly cost-effective effect for the construction of fixing devices for the dyeing process according to the invention.

The steam injection for producing the desired steam / air ratio can be controlled very precisely in a known manner using a psychrometer, as a result of which only little steam is consumed. Because the goods are practically unable to dry, there is no dye migration and the result is optimal dyeing.

The advantages of the new process are mainly due to the possibility of saving energy, since you work with a lower proportion of steam compared to working in a steamer at 100 - 105 ° C. At 95 ° C wet temperature and 130 ° C dry temperature, an air-free of about 95 vol .-% is achieved, which is even for many dyes that are fixed in the presence of reducing agents, i.e. are sensitive to oxidation to atmospheric oxygen, is sufficient.

• Reaktivfarbstoffe, Säurefarbstoffe, 1:2-Metallkomplexfarbstoffe, Anthrasol-Farbstoffe, Dispersionsfarbstoffe, kationische Farbstoffe und lösliche Schwefelfarbstoffe.

The following dyes can be used in the process according to the invention:

• Reactive dyes, acid dyes, 1: 2 metal complex dyes, anthrasol dyes, dispersion dyes, cationic dyes and soluble sulfur dyes.

Various types of alkaline agents can be used for the reactive dyes on cellulose fibers. In the case of reactive dyes on wool, fixation in the strongly acidic and weakly acidic range can also be considered in the neutral and weakly alkaline range. The acid dyes and metal complex dyes are used for dyeing wool or polyamide fibers or mixtures of these fibers, the disperse dyes for dyeing polyamide fibers and modified polyester fibers. Cationic dyes can be used for dyeing both acid-modified synthetic fibers and polyacrylonitrile fibers (e.g. in the gel state), if necessary in the presence of fixing accelerators). Suitable modified polyester fibers are both the acid-modified polyester fibers and carrier-free-dyeable fibers made from polyethylene terephthalate modified with hydroxycarboxylic acids or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or from a polyethylene terephthalate modified with polyethylene oxide in the form of a block polymer.

The following examples are intended to explain the process according to the invention without restricting it in any way to the features disclosed in the examples.

example 1

• 3 g/1 Farbstoff (Soluble Vat Green I/C.I. 59826)
• 0,5 g/l Soda kalz.
• 1 g/1 eines Netzmittels aus Alkansulfonat als wesentlichem Bestandteil
• 8 g/l Natriumnitrit
• 1 g/l eines Imprägnierhilfsmittels (Anlagerungsprodukt von 8,5 Mol Äthylenoxid an 1 Mol Nonylphenol)

geklotzt und 30 Sekunden bei 80°C Naßtemperatur und 110°C Trockentemperatur in einer Kammer behandelt. Dann wird das Gewebe mit einer wäßrigen Flotte enthaltend 20 ml/l Schwefelsäure (96 %ig) und 1 g/1 eines Dispergiermittels (sulfonsaures Formaldehydkondensationsprodukt) behandelt und schließlich nach einem Luftgang von 60 Sekunden wie üblich nachbehandelt.A cotton terry fabric consists of a liquor absorption of 70% with an aqueous liquor of 20 ° C

• 3 g / 1 dye (Soluble Vat Green I / CI 59826)
• 0.5 g / l soda ash.
• 1 g / 1 of a wetting agent from alkanesulfonate as an essential component
• 8 g / l sodium nitrite
• 1 g / l of an impregnation aid (adduct of 8.5 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of nonylphenol)

padded and treated for 30 seconds at 80 ° C wet temperature and 110 ° C dry temperature in one chamber. The fabric is then treated with an aqueous liquor containing 20 ml / l sulfuric acid (96%) and 1 g / 1 of a dispersant (sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensation product) and finally aftertreated as usual after an air flow of 60 seconds.

The result is a green color with good dye yield and good fastness properties.

The dye yield corresponds to that of a dyeing which was steamed for 30 seconds at 103 to 105 ° C. in a 100% steam atmosphere and then developed.

Alternatively, fixation for 2 minutes at a wet temperature of 60 ° C. and a dry temperature of 110 ° C. results in coloring with the same dye yield.

If the padded tissue is left to stand for only 30 seconds at room temperature (20 ° C.) and then developed as described with sulfuric acid, the result is only a very light color.

Example 2

• 16 g/l einer Farbstoffmischung bestehend aus den Farbstoffen der Formeln
  
  und
  
• 10 g/l des Farbstoffs der Formel
  
• 9 g/1 des Farbstoffs der Formel
  
• 30 g/1 Glaubersalz kalz.
• 15 ml/l Natronlauge 38°Be^- (32,5 %ig)
• 3 g/1 eines Netzmittels aus Alkansulfonat als wesentlichem Bestandteil

geklotzt und 40 Sekunden bei einer Naßtemperatur von 80°C und einer Trockentemperatur von 120°C in einer Kammer behandelt. Das Gewebe verläßt den Fixierraum mit einer Feuchte von 81 %. Nach der üblichen Nachbehandlung erhält man eine Braunfärbung mit guten Echtheitseigenschaften.A cotton terry toweling fabric with a liquor absorption of 87% and a fabric speed of 30 m / min with a padding liquor of 20 ° C consists of

• 16 g / l of a dye mixture consisting of the dyes of the formulas
  
  and
  
• 10 g / l of the dye of the formula
  
• 9 g / 1 of the dye of the formula
  
• 30 g / 1 Glauber's salt calc.
• 15 ml / l sodium hydroxide solution 38 ° Be ^- (32.5%)
• 3 g / 1 of a wetting agent from alkanesulfonate as an essential component

padded and treated for 40 seconds at a wet temperature of 80 ° C and a dry temperature of 120 ° C in a chamber. The tissue leaves the fixation room with a humidity of 81%. After the usual aftertreatment, a brown color is obtained with good fastness properties.

Fixing in a 100% steam atmosphere for 40 seconds at 103 ° C results in a coloring with a significantly lower yield (color strength ratio about 70: 100).

Example 3

• 150 g/l der Flüssigmarke des Farbstoffs C.I. Leuco Sulphur Brown 96
• 3 g/1 Natriumhydrogensulfat
• 5 g/1 eines Stabilisierungsmittels gegen Reoxidation (Natriumpolysulfidlösung)
• 3 g/l eines Netzmittels auf Basis einer Mischung schaumarmer anionischer Tenside

geklotzt und 60 Sekunden bei einer Naßtemperatur von 90°C und einer Trockentemperatur von 120°C in einer Kammer behandelt. Anschließend wird kalt gespült, mit Wasserstoffperoxid bei 40°C oxidiert und zunächst bei 40°C, dann bei 70°C gespült.A cotton fabric is made up of a liquor absorption of 70% with an aqueous liquor of 25 ° C.

• 150 g / l of the liquid brand of the dye CI Leuco Sulfur Brown 96
• 3 g / 1 sodium hydrogen sulfate
• 5 g / 1 of a stabilizing agent against reoxidation (sodium polysulfide solution)
• 3 g / l of a wetting agent based on a mixture of low-foaming anionic surfactants

padded and treated for 60 seconds at a wet temperature of 90 ° C and a dry temperature of 120 ° C in a chamber. It is then rinsed cold, oxidized with hydrogen peroxide at 40 ° C and rinsed first at 40 ° C, then at 70 ° C.

A dark brown coloration is obtained which has virtually no difference in color tone and color yield from a coloration which was fixed for 60 seconds at 103 ° C. in a 100% steam atmosphere.

Example 4.

• 50 g/l des Farbstoffs der Formel
  
• 8 ml/1 Natronlauge 38°Be (32,5 %ig)
• 12 g/1 Soda kalz.
• 3 g/l eines Netzmittels aus Alkansulfonat als wesentlichem Bestandteil

geklotzt und 40 Sekunden bei einer Naßtemperatur von 80°C und einer Trockentemperatur von 120°C in einer Kammer fixiert und wie üblich nachbehandelt.A mercerized cotton fabric consists of a liquor absorption of 65% with an aqueous liquor of 20 ° C.

• 50 g / l of the dye of the formula
  
• 8 ml / 1 sodium hydroxide solution 38 ° Be (32.5%)
• 12 g / 1 soda soda.
• 3 g / l of a wetting agent from alkanesulfonate as an essential component

padded and fixed for 40 seconds at a wet temperature of 80 ° C and a dry temperature of 120 ° C in a chamber and treated as usual.

A scarlet color with good fastness properties is obtained.

If, on the other hand, the fixing process is carried out at 103 ° C. for 60 seconds in a 100% steam atmosphere, a significantly lighter color is obtained.

Example 5

• 60 g/l des Farbstoffs der Formel
  
• 8 ml/l Natronlauge 38°Be (32,5 %ig)
• 10 g/l Soda kalz.
• 3 g/l eines Netzmittels aus Alkansulfonat als wesentlichem Bestandteil

geklotzt und 40 Sekunden bei einer Naßtemperatur von 80°C und einer Trockentemperatur von 120°C in einer Kammer fixiert und wie üblich nachbehandelt.A mercerized cotton fabric consists of a liquor absorption of 65% with an aqueous liquor of 20 ° C.

• 60 g / l of the dye of the formula
  
• 8 ml / l sodium hydroxide solution 38 ° Be (32.5%)
• 10 g / l soda ash.
• 3 g / l of a wetting agent from alkanesulfonate as an essential component

padded and fixed for 40 seconds at a wet temperature of 80 ° C and a dry temperature of 120 ° C in a chamber and treated as usual.

A red color is obtained with good fastness properties.

If you fix it for 60 seconds at 103 ° C in a 100% steam atmosphere, you get a much lighter color.

Example 6

• 20 g/1 des Farbstoffs der Formel
  
• 20 g/l Soda kalz.
• 20 g/1 Glaubersalz
• 2 g/1 eines Netzmittels aus Alkansulfonat als wesentlichem Bestandteil

geklotzt und 40 Sekunden bei einer Naßtemperatur von 80°C und einer Trockentemperatur von 120°C in einer Kammer fixiert und wie üblich nachbehandelt.A mercerized cotton fabric consists of a liquor absorption of 65% with an aqueous liquor of 20 ° _C.

• 20 g / 1 of the dye of the formula
  
• 20 g / l soda ash.
• 20 g / 1 Glauber's salt
• 2 g / 1 of a wetting agent from alkanesulfonate as an essential component

padded and fixed for 40 seconds at a wet temperature of 80 ° C and a dry temperature of 120 ° C in a chamber and treated as usual.

You get a real scarlet color.

If you fix it for 40 seconds at a temperature of 105 ° C in a 100% steam atmosphere, you get a much lighter color.

Example 7

• 150 g/1 des Farbstoffs C.I. Leuco Sulphur Blue 19
• 3 g/1 eines Netzmittels auf Basis einer Mischung aus schaumarmen anionischen Tensiden
• 3 g/l Natriumhydrogensulfat
• 20 g/l eines Stabilisierungsmittels gegen Reoxidation (Natriumpolysulfidlösung)

geklotzt und 90 Sekunden bei einer Naßtemperatur von 80°C und einer Trockentemperatur von 110°C in einer Kammer behandelt und anschließend mit einer wäßrigen Lösung von 2 ml/1 Wasserstoffperoxid bei 40°C oxidiert, dann zunächst bei 40°C und daraufhin bei 70°C warm und anschließend kalt gespült.A cotton fabric is made up of a liquor absorption of 80% with an aqueous liquor of 20 ° C.

• 150 g / 1 of the dye CI Leuco Sulfur Blue 19
• 3 g / 1 of a wetting agent based on a mixture of low-foaming anionic surfactants
• 3 g / l sodium hydrogen sulfate
• 20 g / l of a stabilizing agent against reoxidation (sodium polysulfide solution)

padded and treated for 90 seconds at a wet temperature of 80 ° C and a dry temperature of 110 ° C in a chamber and then oxidized with an aqueous solution of 2 ml / 1 hydrogen peroxide at 40 ° C, then first at 40 ° C and then at 70 ° C warm and then rinsed cold.

A blue color is obtained with good fastness properties.

Example 8

werden mit 20 ml/l Natronlauge 38°Be (32,5 %ig) 1 Minute lang bei 20°C behandelt und anschließend durch Schwefelsäurezusatz auf den pH-Wert 2,5 eingestellt.20 g / l of the dye of the formula

are treated with 20 ml / l sodium hydroxide solution 38 ° Be (32.5%) for 1 minute at 20 ° C and then adjusted to pH 2.5 by adding sulfuric acid.

• 150 g/1 Harnstoff
• 10 g/l eines Netzmittels (Additionsprodukt von 5 Mol Äthylenoxid an 1 Mol Isotridecylalkohol)
• 20 ml/1 Isopropanol

geklotzt und anschließend 200 Sekunden bei einer Naßtemperatur von 95°C und einer Trockentemperatur von 125°C in einer Kammer behandelt. Anschließend wird kalt gespült und bei 80°C einer Emulgator-Wäsche unterzogen.A woolen flannel fabric is made up of a liquor absorption of 100% with an aqueous liquor of 20 ° C. consisting of the dye treated as described above,

• 150 g / 1 urea
• 10 g / l of a wetting agent (addition product of 5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of isotridecyl alcohol)
• 20 ml / 1 isopropanol

padded and then treated for 200 seconds at a wet temperature of 95 ° C and a dry temperature of 125 ° C in a chamber. It is then rinsed cold and subjected to an emulsifier wash at 80 ° C.

A bright scarlet color with good fastness properties is obtained without a gray haze.

Example 9

• 75 g/1 Farbstoff (C.I. Solubilized Sulphur Brown 51)
• 3 g/l eines Netzmittels auf Basis eines Gemisches aus schaumarmen anionischen Tensiden
• 25 g/l Soda kalz.
• 115 g/1 Natriumhydrogensulfat
• 20 g/l eines Stabilisierungsmittels gegen Reoxidation (Natriumpolysulfidlösung)

geklotzt und anschließend 90 Sekunden bei einer Naßtemperatur von 85°C und einer Trockentemperatur von 130°C in einer Kammer behandelt. Anschließend wird kalt gespült, mit Wasserstoffperoxid bei 40°C oxidiert und dann bei 40°C und 70°C gespült.A cotton cord fabric is made up of a liquor absorption of 75% with an aqueous liquor of 20 ° C.

• 75 g / 1 dye (CI Solubilized Sulfur Brown 51)
• 3 g / l of a wetting agent based on a mixture of low-foaming anionic surfactants
• 25 g / l soda ash.
• 115 g / 1 sodium hydrogen sulfate
• 20 g / l of a stabilizing agent against reoxidation (sodium polysulfide solution)

padded and then treated for 90 seconds at a wet temperature of 85 ° C and a dry temperature of 130 ° C in a chamber. It is then rinsed cold, oxidized with hydrogen peroxide at 40 ° C and then rinsed at 40 ° C and 70 ° C.

A brown color with good properties is obtained.

Claims (3)

1. A process for the continuous dyeing of textile webs, the web with an aqueous liquor; which contains dissolved and / or dispersed dyes, is impregnated and squeezed off at a temperature between 20 and 95 ° C and the dyes are fixed in a steam / air mixture, characterized in that the impregnated fabric web is not intermediate dried before the dye fixation is, the drying temperature of the steam / air mixture is kept between 110 and 140 ° C, the steam content of the steam / air mixture is measured so that the wet temperature of the wet web is between 50 and 95 ° C, and the fixing time is at least 20 seconds. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that dyeing with reactive dyes, acid dyes, 1: 2 metal complex dyes, anthrasol dyes, dispersion dyes, cationic dyes or water-soluble sulfur dyes. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that textile webs of cellulose fibers and their mixtures with synthetic fibers, also from wool and their mixtures with synthetic fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyamide fibers or modified polyester fibers and their mixtures with cellulose fibers or wool are dyed.