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EP0086082A2 - Dispositif d'encliquetage et outils comportant un tel dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif d'encliquetage et outils comportant un tel dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0086082A2
EP0086082A2 EP83300535A EP83300535A EP0086082A2 EP 0086082 A2 EP0086082 A2 EP 0086082A2 EP 83300535 A EP83300535 A EP 83300535A EP 83300535 A EP83300535 A EP 83300535A EP 0086082 A2 EP0086082 A2 EP 0086082A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ramps
torque
ratchet
discs
series
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83300535A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0086082A3 (fr
Inventor
David William Marshall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polstar Engineering Ltd
Original Assignee
Polstar Engineering Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polstar Engineering Ltd filed Critical Polstar Engineering Ltd
Publication of EP0086082A2 publication Critical patent/EP0086082A2/fr
Publication of EP0086082A3 publication Critical patent/EP0086082A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/141—Mechanical overload release couplings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B25B13/461—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
    • B25B13/466—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in an axial direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B25B13/461—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
    • B25B13/467—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member which are gear-operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ratchets with torque- limiting characteristics and tools incorporating such ratchets.
  • a torque limiting ratchet comprising a pair of discs arranged face-to-face and loaded together by a spring up to a predetermined limit, the discs each having a series of pressed-out ramps terminating in shoulders, with the ramps of each series facing the same way and being in opposition to the ramps of the other series so that when rotating in the loosening direction the torque is transmitted via the shoulders, and when rotating in the tightening direction the torque is transmitted via the faces of the ramps up to the required limit imposed by the spring loading.
  • a spark plug spanner including a torque limiting ratchet comprising a pair of discs arranged face-to-face and spring loaded together, the discs each having a series of pressed-out ramps terminating in shoulders, with the ramps of each series facing the same way and beingin opposition to the ramps of the other series so that when rotating in the loosening direction the torque is transmitted via the shoulders, and when rotating in the tightening direction the torque is transmitted-via the faces of the ramps up to the limit imposed by the spring.loading.
  • a spark plug spanner including a first body portion to be turned by the user, a second body portion to turn a plug and a torque limiting ratchet comprising a pair of discs arranged face-to-face and spring loaded together, one of the discs being attached to each of the first and second body portions, the discs each having a series of pressed-out ramps terminating in shoulders, with the ramps of each series facing the same way and being in opposition to the ramps of the other series so that when rotating in the loosening direction the torque is transmitted via the shoulders, and when rotating in the tightening direction the torque is transmitted via the faces of the ramps up to the limit imposed by the spring.loading.
  • Mot6r'vehicle wheel nuts should be tightened to a standard specified torque.
  • wheel nuts it is not uncommon for wheel nuts to be overtightened by the use of excessive torque which not only may damage the threads on the studs and/or nuts, but also creates considerable difficulties in subsequent loosening. This circumstance has led to a widespread feeling, particularly among women drivers, that changing a wheel is physically difficult as it may involve, using standard tools, the use of greater force than they can apply.
  • a wheel brace providing mechanical advantage by the use of gearing but incorporating a form of torque limiting ratchet to prevent overtightening.
  • a wheel brace has to be inexpensive and compact enough to be carried in the vehicle as part of a tool kit.
  • a wheel brace comprising an epicyclic gear set including a sun gear, a ring gear and one or more planetary gears meshing with the sun and ring gears and mounted in a cage, means for restraining movement of one of the ring gear and cage, means for connecting a socket to the other of the ring gear and cage, means for manually rotating the sun gear so as to turn the socket at a reduced speed with mechanical advantage and a torque limiting device operable to limit the torque in one direction of rotation of the socket, in which the torque limiting device comprises a pair of discs arranged face-to-face and spring loaded together, the discs each having a series of ramps, with the ramps of each series in opposition so that the torque is transmitted through the faces of the ramps in at least one direction up to a limit determined by the shape of the ramps and the spring loading.
  • the restraining means may be an arm, e.g. of adjustable effective length, having means to engage a wheel nut or the wheel rim.
  • the gears may be stamped from sheet metal.
  • the discs may each have a series of pressed-out ramps.
  • the shoulders may be somewhat inclined so that there is a torque limit in both directions.
  • the wheel brace illustrated in Figure 1 includes a standard socket 1 adapted in engage on the wheel nut to be loosened or tightened, and it is driven by means of a handle or tommy bar 2 engaged in aligned holes 3 in a tube 4.
  • the handle or tomry bar 2 may be separate or welded in position in the icles 3.
  • the tube 4 is welded to a first ratchet disc 5 which is in face-to-face relationship with a second ratchet disc 6, as shown in Figure 3.
  • a pin 7 passes axially through both ratchet discs, with its head 7a against the disc 6, and carries a spring abutment plate 8 so that when assembled a spring 9 is compressed between the plate 8 and the rear of the ratchet plate 5 so as to spring load the ratchet plates together.
  • the ratchet plates 5 and 6 are formed with ramps 5a, 6a upset.from the metal of the disc in the peripheral region thereof, so as to provide each ratchet disc with a series of similarly facing ramps terminating in shoulders 5b, 6b respectively.
  • the ramps are in opposition on the two ratchet discs so that when the tube 4 and ratchet disc 5 are rotated in one direction, the shoulders 5b and 6b come into engagement, as shown in Figure 3, and transmit the full torque to the ratchet plate 6.
  • the ratchet disc 5 rotates somewhat until the faces of the ramps 5a are in engagement with the faces of the ramps 6a, and torque is transmitted through these faces.
  • a sun gear 11 forming part of an epicyclic system illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the sun gear 11 is in mesh with three planetary gears 12 which are themselves attached to a cage formed by front and rear plates 13 and 14 respectively. Rivets for this purpose are shown at 15.
  • a normally stationary ring gear 16 is formed on the interior of a dished ring 17.
  • the dished ring 17 is formed with a radial extension 18'(omitted from Figure 2) which forms part of a restraining arm assembly.
  • the extension 18 is formed with a slot 19 and a second slotted arm 21 is attached to the extension 18 by means of a nut 22 and bolt 23 passing through the slot 19 and a slot 24 in the arm portion 21.
  • the arm portion 21 itself carries a short length of tube 25 adapted to engage over a wheel nut adjacent that engaged by the socket 1 to provide anchorage for the dished ring 17 and its gear 16.
  • the position of the arm portion 21 can be adjusted by means of the slots 19 and 24 retained in the adjusted position by the nut and bolt.
  • the arm portion 21 may be reversed as shown in Figures 4a and 4b from which the nut and bolt 22 and 23 have been omitted.
  • a holder 27 which is adapted to receive the socket 1.
  • a range of standard sockets 1 may be provided for attachment to the single holder 27, e.g. by means of grub screws or similar fixings.
  • the position of the tube length 25 is first adjusted to suit the wheel on which the wheel brace is to be used, and then with the socket 1 over the nut to be loosened or tightened, and the tube length over an adjacent nut, the tommy bar or handle 2 is rotated in the appropriate direction.
  • the full torque applied is transmitted through the shoulders 5a and 6b of the ratchet, and in the opposite direction to tighten the nuts, the torque limiting feature of the ratchet comes into play and the torque required is transmitted through the faces of the ramps 5a and 6a.
  • the sun gear 11 is in mesh with the planet gears 12 and these in turn are in mesh with the ring gear 16 so that the planetary gears 12 precess and the cage formed by the plates 13 and 14 thus rotates at a reduced speed.
  • the speed reduction is in the region of 10 to 1.
  • the socket 1 which is solid with the plate 13 is thus rotated more slowly and a comparatively small torque applied to the handle or tommy bar 2 will apply substantial torque to the nut to which the socket 1 is connected.
  • the amount of actual physical strength required for loosening and tightening wheel nuts is significantly reduced.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a form of wheel brace incorporating some modifications.
  • the gearing is basically the same and needs no further description, but the ratchet is slightly modified, so that instead of two shoulders 6b and 5b meshing in the loosening direction, contact is between steeply inclined ramps 5c and 6c to permit the ratchet to slip in the loosening direction if the torque exceeds a given high level.
  • the purpose of this is to protect the gears from damage due to misuse of the wheel brace in situations for which it is not designed.
  • the arm portion 21a may be made somewhat longer and provided with a pad 26 of hard rubber or similar material to engage on an appropriate portion of a wheel rim.
  • the extension18a is shown in Figure 6 as being inclined to the plane of the ring 17, and the arm 21a is shown as having two fixing holes 27a and 27b, at different angles to enable the arm to be more steeply inclined to the plane of the dished ring 17 when in the shorter position.
  • Each hole 27a and 27b is also associated with an adjacent upset locating lug 28a, 28b cooperating with the slot 19 in the exterior 18a.
  • the tube 4 may be separable from the ratchet disc 5.
  • it may be provided with a socket end to receive a spigot, e..g. hexagonal or square, solid with the disc 5.
  • the plug spanner illustrated has a conventional hexagonal socket 121 at the outer end of a tubular body member 122, and at the opposite end, a tubular body member 123 is provided with a stirrup 124 pivotally received in appropriate holes near the end of the tubular member 123.
  • tubular body elements 122 and 123 are part of a single tube, but in accordance with the present invention, the tubular body members 122 and 123 are each attached, e.g. by welds 125 to a respective ratchet disc 126 or 127.
  • the tube 122 is welded to a first ratchet disc 126 which is in face-to-face relationship with the second ratchet disc 127 to which the tube 123 is welded, as shown in Figure 4.
  • a pin 128 passes axially through both ratchet discs 126 and 127, with its head 128a against the disc 126, and is peened over a spring abutment plate 129 so that, when assembled, a spring 130 is compressed between the plate 129 and the rear of the ratchet disc 127 so as to spring load the ratchet discs 126 and 127 together.
  • the ratchet discs 126 and 127 are each formed with a plurality of equi-spaced ramps 126a and 127a upset from the metal of the disc in the peripheral region thereof, so as to provide each ratchet disc with a series of similarly facing ramps terminating in shoulders (or more steeply inclined ramps) 126b and 127b respectively.
  • the ramps are in opposition on the two ratchet discs so that when the tubular member 123 and ratchet disc 127 are rotated in one direction, the shoulders 126b and 127b come into engagement and transmit the full torque (or up to a very high torque) to the ratchet plate 126.
  • the ratchet disc 127 When rotated in the opposite direction, the ratchet disc 127 rotates somewhat until the faces of the ramps 127a are in engagement with the faces of the ramps 126a, and torque is transmitted through these faces. Should the torque become excessive, the ramps 126a will ride over the ramps 127a and the ramps will be forced apart against the action of the spring 129, so that the ratchet mechanism will slip round.
  • the actual limiting torque will depend upon the angles of the ramps 126a and 127a and on the characteristics of the spring, including the amount of initial compression applied to it in the initial position shown in Figure 4.
  • the plug spanner is shown as including a rubber or like soft insert 131 which lightly grips a plug over which the spanner has been introduced so that the spanner may also be used to lift the plug clear of the engine and also to introduce the plug into the engine when required.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
EP83300535A 1982-02-04 1983-02-02 Dispositif d'encliquetage et outils comportant un tel dispositif Withdrawn EP0086082A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8203216 1982-02-04
GB8203216 1982-02-04
GB8203215 1982-02-04
GB8203215 1982-02-04
GB8227947 1982-09-30
GB8227947 1982-09-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0086082A2 true EP0086082A2 (fr) 1983-08-17
EP0086082A3 EP0086082A3 (fr) 1984-08-22

Family

ID=27261448

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83300535A Withdrawn EP0086082A3 (fr) 1982-02-04 1983-02-02 Dispositif d'encliquetage et outils comportant un tel dispositif

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0086082A3 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2565880A1 (fr) * 1984-06-13 1985-12-20 Rousseau Jean Paul Manivelle multifonction pour le serrage et le desserrage d'ecrous
DE4104352A1 (de) * 1991-02-13 1992-08-20 Carl Walter Schraubwerkzeug Fa Drehmomentschluessel
GB2337717A (en) * 1998-05-26 1999-12-01 Phillip Jarrett Ratchet wheel brace
EP0960747A3 (fr) * 1998-05-26 2000-11-02 Phillip Jarrett Manivelle pour roues

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2641136A (en) * 1949-12-03 1953-06-09 Jr Morris B Marsden Ratchet wrench
FR1051913A (fr) * 1952-02-29 1954-01-20 Clé à serrage dynamométrique
GB1107130A (en) * 1965-11-10 1968-03-20 Webb H C & Co Ltd Improvements relating to ratchet mechanism in lawn mowers
DE1603908A1 (de) * 1967-11-02 1972-03-09 P H Wagner Maschf Schraubenschluessel nach Art eines Steckschluessels
US3905254A (en) * 1974-06-10 1975-09-16 Leonard Palatnick Lug nut remover
FR2340174A1 (fr) * 1976-02-03 1977-09-02 Garconnet Michel Dispositif limiteur d'une force de serrage
DE2944182C2 (de) * 1979-11-02 1983-03-10 René 6710 Frankenthal Rendl Drehmomentbegrenzungseinrichtung für Schraubendreher

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2565880A1 (fr) * 1984-06-13 1985-12-20 Rousseau Jean Paul Manivelle multifonction pour le serrage et le desserrage d'ecrous
DE4104352A1 (de) * 1991-02-13 1992-08-20 Carl Walter Schraubwerkzeug Fa Drehmomentschluessel
GB2337717A (en) * 1998-05-26 1999-12-01 Phillip Jarrett Ratchet wheel brace
GB2341337A (en) * 1998-05-26 2000-03-15 Phillip Jarrett Ratchet wheel brace
EP0960747A3 (fr) * 1998-05-26 2000-11-02 Phillip Jarrett Manivelle pour roues
GB2341337B (en) * 1998-05-26 2002-09-04 Phillip Jarrett Wheel brace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0086082A3 (fr) 1984-08-22

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

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Effective date: 19850215

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Effective date: 19861105

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18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19860831

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: MARSHALL, DAVID WILLIAM