EP0084142B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour l'alimentation en courant électrique de cuves pour la production électrolytique de métaux, spécialement d'aluminium - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour l'alimentation en courant électrique de cuves pour la production électrolytique de métaux, spécialement d'aluminium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0084142B1 EP0084142B1 EP19820111772 EP82111772A EP0084142B1 EP 0084142 B1 EP0084142 B1 EP 0084142B1 EP 19820111772 EP19820111772 EP 19820111772 EP 82111772 A EP82111772 A EP 82111772A EP 0084142 B1 EP0084142 B1 EP 0084142B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pot
- conductors
- current
- median
- points
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010000117 Abnormal behaviour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010044038 Tooth erosion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the electric current supply to pots for the electrolytic production of metals, in particular for the production of aluminium, said pots being connected in series and arranged transversally or longitudinally.
- aluminium is commercially produced in pots, electrically connected in series, by electrolytic reduction of alumina dissolved in molten cryolite, each of said pots essentially consisting of a rectangular crucible having the cathode (formed by joined carbon blocks which embody iron cathode bars) on the bottom, while the anodes (consisting of separate carbon blocks connected by iron yokes to aluminium anode rods) hang vertically over each pot and are immerged in the electrolytic molten bath of cryolite-alumina.
- the aluminium produced by electrolysis deposits onto the cathode, under said molten bath.
- the electrical connection in series is accomplished by connecting, by means of aluminium conductor bars, the cathode outputs of an upstream pot with the anode bus bar of the adjoining downstream pot, said upstream and downstream positions being referred-as is usually conventional-to the prevailing current direction in the pot-line.
- the pots of the pot-line are arranged, from a geometrical point of view, on one or more parallel rows, and are oriented in each of such rows in a so-called end-to-end relationship, or in a so-called side-by-side relationship, depending on whether the long side of said pots is arranged parallelly or perpendicularly to the predominant direction of the current in the series.
- Each of the two arrangements exhibits own typical known advantages and drawbacks of various kind, but for both said arrangements the electric current carried by whole conductor system (i.e. the anodes, the molten electrolyte and metal, the cathodes and the outer bus bar system) generates magnetic fields of comparatively high intensity, which cause in the electrolysis bath as well as in the molten metal, due to the interaction with the current flowing through said fluids, forces of electromagnetic nature which are generally dis- symetrically distributed.
- whole conductor system i.e. the anodes, the molten electrolyte and metal, the cathodes and the outer bus bar system
- Said magnetic fields and consequent forces (which are the more intense, the higher is the current intensity involved, being also known that at present the tendency of the technique is to construct pots operating at 150-200 kA and over) cause serious disturbances to the behaviour of the pots, with related detrimental effects on the technical-economical results of the electrolysis process.
- DE-B-1.049.108 teaches, in turn, a method relating to electrolysis pots disposed end to end, which method is characterized in that the main two conductors carrying the current from pot to pot through the whole series (said current having opposite direction for two adjacent rows) are as far as possible parallely positioned (side by side) on the median line of said two rows, as well as parallely are positioned the conductors connecting-perpendicularly to the general direction of the current in the series-said main two conductors to the single pots, further being symmetrically positioned the conductors which feed the current in and out of the single pots.
- the object of this invention is to provide an improved method for the electric current supply to pots for the electrolytic production of metals, in particular aluminium, capable of minimizing the detrimental effects of the magnetic forces acting on the electrolysis pots, said pots being electrically connected in series, and arranged side-by-side or end-to-end in one row or more rows.
- the double symmetrical current paths so provided permit to obtain a high compensation and the total symmetrization (with respect to both median vertical planes of each pot) of the magnetic field components and, by consequence, a total symmetrization of the magnetic forces induced by the interaction of said magnetic field with the pot current.
- FIG. 1 schematically show some arrangements of the conductors intended for carrying the current in plants for the electrolytic production of metals, in particular aluminium, figures 1 to 3 and 12 to 14 referring to conventional arrangements, while figures 4 to 11 and 15 to 18 refer to arrangements according to the present invention. More particularly, with reference to the side-by-side pots:
- the magnetic forces F which influence the behaviour of an electrolytic pot are generated by the interaction of the magnetic induction fields created by the currents flowing through the outer and inner conductors (in respect of the pot), with the current density field7 existing inside the molten areas of the pot (more specifically: bath and metal) according to the vectorial relationship wherein both F and J and B are intended in general to be functions of the point of observation, being such point referred-in the present case-to an orthogonal reference system having the center coinciding with the center of the cathode plane of the pot (metal bottom), the x axis directed as the general flow of the current in the potline, the y axis arranged at 90° counterclockwise and the z axis directed upwards.
- a possible dissymmetry in the magnetic force field F in said cavity is therefore substantially ascribable to the field B
- Such dissymmetry is a consequence, in turn, of the dissymmetry of the outer conductor bus bar system of. the pot, since the inner conductors (from the anode rod system to the cathode block) are usually symmetrically arranged.
- the second type of dissymmetry is conversely due to the non- symmetrical arrangement of the conductor bus bars and of the currents with respect to the plane yz, i.e. to the median vertical plane of the single pot perpendicular to the direction of the current in the row ("longitudinal plane” for transversally arranged pots and “transversal plane” for longitudinally arranged pots), and causes an unbalance of field B between the upstream and the downstream halves of the pot.
- the total feeding current I which, coming from the rectifier station, supplies the first pot in the series is distributed (at least from a certain point onward) in four equal portions in two parallel pairs of side-by-side conductors of equal length and cross-section, said pairs being lined, up to the intersection points with the longitudinal median plane of the abovesaid first pot, with the aforecited pairs of conductors e 1 , f 1 ; e 2 , f 2 , so that a "continuous" is practically obtained from the rectifier station to the longitudinal median plane of the last pot in the series, such "continuous" being represented by two pairs of side-by-side conductors, each pair carrying, in the x direction, a current equal to 1/2.
- the four reverse bus bars are divided into two pairs m 1 , n l ; m 2 , n 2 (fig. 11) of equal length and cross-section, arranged all through the pot- line and up to the rectifier station in proximity of and parallely to the two cited pairs representing the "continuous" mentioned in point f) above, each of said pairs of reverse bus bars carrying a current equal to I/2 having a direction opposite to the general flow direction of the current in the potline, wherefore a complete compensation between the current feeding the series and the reverse current is provided in the four pairs of said conductor bus bars; as a consequence thereof, the magnetic field generated by them is fully annulled and, therefore, any cause of dissymmetry due to the currents with respect to the longitudinal vertical planes of the pots is removed.
- said two points C, D are assembled in a position corresponding to the vertical projection of the pot centre; in the "corridor arrangement" of figures 17 and 18, the two points are separated, being respectively outside (figure 17) or at (figure 18) the vertical projections of abovesaid points A, B.
- the reverse current is carried by two conductors m, n (fig. 18) of equal length and cross-section, arranged along the all pot-line and up to the rectifier station close and parallely to the two conductors constituting the "continuous" mentioned in point n) above, each of said reverse conductors carrying a current equal to I/2 having a direction opposite to the general direction of the current in the series, wherefore a complete compensation between feeding current and reverse current is obtained in the two pairs of abovesaid conductors; as a consequence thereof, the magnetic field generated by them is completely annulled, and any cause of dissymmetry of the currents with respect to the transversal vertical planes of the pots is therefore eliminated.
- the conductors utilized for carrying the cathode current can have uniform cross-sections in the whole plant. This depends on the fact (clearly evidenced by figures 11 and 18) that from the current collecting points at the long sides of each single upstream pot up to the joins to the anode bus bar of the adjoining downstream pot, the conductors-having the same length and cross-section in the single sections-follow total paths of equal length and a constant current equal to 1/2 flows therein on each side of the row.
- the conductor arrangement adopted reduces to the essential the portions of outer conductors which are unshielded, from a magnetic point of view, by the steel shell of the pot.
- the "residual" magnetic field i.e. non identically null field
- the "residual" magnetic field is only the one generated by outer portions of cathode by the bars running along the pot long sides, by the risers, by the anode bus bar and by the conductors inside the pot; all the abovesaid conductors being symmetrically arranged with respect to both median vertical planes.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Claims (5)
1. Une méthode pour l'alimentation électrique des vasques dans la production électrolytique des métaux, spécialement aluminium, caractérisée par la systématisation des vasques une à côté de l'autre ou une derrière l'autre et par la connexion en série d'une ou plusieures files, permet de placer des conducteurs accouplés symétriquement par rapport auxfiles de vasques, ainsi le flux du courant d'un conducteur marche dans le sens invers de l'autre, pourtant les champs magnétiques tendent de s'annuler réciproquement. Le tout est caractérisé par le fait que les conducteurs et les flux de courant y relatifs sont reglés symétriquement par rapport aux deux planes médianes verticales de chaque vasque des séries.
2. Une méthode selon requête 1, où les vasques sont arrangées une à côté de l'autre, est caractérisée par le fait que
- tout courant d'issue de la cathode de chaque vasque en série vient conduit symétriquement en quatre parts égales-parmis des barres cathodiques de transport-vers quatre points (A1-B2, B1-B2) positionnés symétriquement par rapport aux deux planes médianes verticales, respectivement longitudinalement et transversalement, de la vasque susmentionnée; pourtant
-dès lesdites quatre points, le courant est conduit en bas-parmis des conducteurs de même longueur et de même section (a1-a2, bl-b2), arrangés symétriquement par rapport aux deux planes médianes varticales susdites-jusqu'aux quatre points (A1'-A2', B1'-B2') qui se trouvent dans un niveau plus bas sous et parallelement à la semelle de ladite vasque, ces quatre points en résulte être placés symétriquement par rapport aux deux planes médianes verticales susmentionnées; pourtant
le courant est conduit-parmis de deux paires de conducteurs de même longueur et de même section (c1-d1, c2-d2) qui suivent des sentiers horizontals arrangés symétriquement par rapport aux planes médianes verticales susmentionnées-vers deux points (M1-M2) dans la plane médiane longitudinale, ces points en resulte être arrangés symétriquement par rapport à la plane médiane transversale; pourtant
- dès lesdites deux points (Ml-M2)-parmis de deux paires de conducteurs placés un à côté de l'autre de même longueur et de même section (e1-f1, e2-f2)-le courant est conduit parallèlement à la direction générale du courant dans les séries, vers la plane médiane longitudinale de la vasque adjointe à courant descendant, étant cette plane croisée par ces- dites conducteurs dans deux points (N1-N2) qui correspondent aux précédents points avant-mentionnées; en dernier lieu
le courant est conduit en haut-parmis de deux paires de conducteurs placés un à côté de l'autre de même longueur et de même section (g1-h1, g2-h2) qui s'étendent symétriquement par rapport à la plane médiane transversale de la susdite vasque à courant descendant―vers le niveau de la barre anodique de transport (t), afin de permettre une alimentation symétrique de cette barre de transport en correspondance de la zone médiane des têtes de ladite vasque.
3. Une méthod selon requete 1, où les vasques sont arrangées une derrière l'autre, est carac- terisée par le fait que:
- le courant porté par les barres cathodiques d'issue de chaque vasque dans les séries est symétriquement conduit par quatre barres cathodiques de transport identiques-vers deux points de collection (A-B) qui font part de la plane médiane transversale et sont placés symétriquement par rapport à la plane médiane longitudinale; pourtant
- le courant est conduits depuis les deux points de collection susmentionnés-parmis d'un paire de conducteurs de même longueur et de même section (a, b), lesquels sont placés sur la plane médiane longitudinale-vers deux points symétriques (C, D) de la plane médiane transversale, se trouvant sur un niveau plus bas sous la semelle de la vasque; pourtant
- dès les susdites points (C, D)-parmis un paire de conducteurs de même longueur et de même section (c, d), arrangés un à côté de l'autre,-le courant est conduit parallèlement à la direction générale du courant dans les séries, vers la plane médiane transversale de la vasque adjointe à courant déscendant, étant cette plane croisée parmis de ces dits conducteurs dans deux points (C', D') qui sont homologues aux points précédents; pourtant
-le courant est conduit-parmis un paire de conducteurs de même longueur et de même section (a', b'), qui, sur la plane transversale de la vasque à courant descendant, sont arrangés parallèlement vers les susdits conducteurs (a, b) sur la plane transversale de la vasque précédente à contre-courant (et ont pourtant la même longueur du dernier et sont également arrangés en manière symétrique par rapport à la plane médiane IongitudinaIe)vers deux points (A', B') sur le côté long de ladite vasque à courant descendant, qui sont homologues aux points de collection susmentionnés (A, B) de la vasque à contre-courant; en dernier lieu
- la courant est conduit en haut-parmis de deux conducteurs de même longueur et de même section (e, f) qui, sur la plane médiane transversale, sont arrangés symétriquement par rapport à la plane médiane longitudinale-vers la barre anodique de transport (t) de ladite vasque à courant descendant en correspondance avec les planes médianes des côtés longues.
4. Une méthode selon les requêtes précédentes est caractérisée par le fait que les contre-conducteurs vers la station de redressement, divisés en paires symétriques, sont placés un à côté de l'autre par rapport aux parts des conducteurs d'alimentation, parallèlement à la direction générale du courant dans les séries, qui lient directement chaque paire de vasques qui suivent le long de la longueur totale des séries.
5. Une méthode selon les requêtes précédentes est caractérisée par le fait que tout conducteurs du circuit externe aux vasques, i.e. barres cathodiques de transport, barres anodiques et contre-conducteurs, ont la même section.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT19155/82A IT1200568B (it) | 1982-01-18 | 1982-01-18 | Metodo ed apparato per l'alimentazione elettrica di celle per la produzione elettrolitica di metalli,disposte per lungo |
| IT19154/82A IT1200585B (it) | 1982-01-18 | 1982-01-18 | Metodo ed apparato per l'alimentazione elettrica di celle per la produzione elettrolitica dimetalli disposte per traverso |
| IT1915482 | 1982-01-18 | ||
| IT1915582 | 1982-01-18 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0084142A2 EP0084142A2 (fr) | 1983-07-27 |
| EP0084142A3 EP0084142A3 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
| EP0084142B1 true EP0084142B1 (fr) | 1987-06-10 |
Family
ID=26327072
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19820111772 Expired EP0084142B1 (fr) | 1982-01-18 | 1982-12-18 | Procédé et dispositif pour l'alimentation en courant électrique de cuves pour la production électrolytique de métaux, spécialement d'aluminium |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0084142B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3276543D1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2583069B1 (fr) * | 1985-06-05 | 1987-07-31 | Pechiney Aluminium | Dispositif de connexion entre cuves d'electrolyse a tres haute intensite, pour la production d'aluminium, comportant un circuit d'alimentation et un circuit independant de correction du champ magnetique |
| DE59607944D1 (de) * | 1996-01-26 | 2001-11-22 | Alusuisse Tech & Man Ag | Schienenanordnung für Elektrolysezellen |
| CN103114307B (zh) * | 2011-11-16 | 2015-11-04 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 铝电解槽外补偿供电整流机组铝母线布置方法及系统 |
| GB2563641A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-12-26 | Dubai Aluminium Pjsc | Electrolysis plant using the Hall-Héroult process, with vertical magnetic field compensation |
| RU2678624C1 (ru) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-01-30 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Ошиновка модульная для серий алюминиевых электролизеров |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1049108B (de) * | 1953-02-05 | 1959-01-22 | Elektrokemisk As | Anordnung von Stromschienen fuer Elektrolysezellen |
| FR1164362A (fr) * | 1957-01-05 | 1958-10-08 | Pechiney | Procédé pour supprimer les dénivellations du métal fondu et pour réduire les mouvements d'agitation du liquide dans les cellules d'électrolyse |
| FR2378107A1 (fr) * | 1977-01-19 | 1978-08-18 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede pour ameliorer l'alimentation en courant de cuves d'electrolyse alignees en long |
| FR2423554A1 (fr) * | 1978-02-08 | 1979-11-16 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede de reduction des perturbations magnetiques dans les series de cuves d'electrolyse a haute intensite |
| FR2425482A1 (fr) * | 1978-05-11 | 1979-12-07 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede de compensation du champ magnetique induit par la file voisine dans les series de cuves d'electrolyse a haute intensite |
-
1982
- 1982-12-18 DE DE8282111772T patent/DE3276543D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-12-18 EP EP19820111772 patent/EP0084142B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3276543D1 (en) | 1987-07-16 |
| EP0084142A3 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
| EP0084142A2 (fr) | 1983-07-27 |
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