EP0071927A1 - Process for solidifying radioactive wastes - Google Patents
Process for solidifying radioactive wastes Download PDFInfo
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- EP0071927A1 EP0071927A1 EP82106944A EP82106944A EP0071927A1 EP 0071927 A1 EP0071927 A1 EP 0071927A1 EP 82106944 A EP82106944 A EP 82106944A EP 82106944 A EP82106944 A EP 82106944A EP 0071927 A1 EP0071927 A1 EP 0071927A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
- G21F9/305—Glass or glass like matrix
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for solidifying radioactive waste in a glass matrix, in which a glass melt enriched with the active material is solidified with cooling.
- Glass is considered to be largely chemically and thermally resistant material and the processes for glazing highly radioactive waste from reprocessing plants (for nuclear fuel) have a high level of development worldwide.
- the fission product solutions are concentrated, with glass or glass frit is mixed, dried, calcined and melted in batches or in continuous operation in ovens into glass and filled into final storage containers. These are slowly cooled to avoid cracks and tensions in the glass and finally brought to the final storage point.
- Alumina-containing glasses or ceramic materials have therefore already been investigated as leaching-resistant inclusion masses, as are given in the summary report by G. Sachse and H. Rosenberger in "Kerrenegie” 10 (1967) pages 205-210. Glaze melts based on Al 2 O 3 , CaO, Na 2 0, B 2 O 3 and Si0 2 are mentioned as glass leach-resistant glass systems. Such aluminum-containing borosilicate glasses require temperatures around or above 1500 ° C. for melting, which are undesirably high for solidification of the fission product.
- Glasses also tend to spontaneously crystallize, causing physical and chemical changes that can have a significant impact on mechanical destructibility, leaching resistance, thermal conductivity, and other properties. Attempts have therefore already been made to convert such glasses by controlled crystallization into glass ceramics with even better properties (A. De et al. In "Atom Austechnik” 1975, pages 359-360). For such a glass ceramic formation, the glass mass which has already melted at high temperature must be up to one 24-hour controlled heat treatment at high temperatures near the melt point are exposed. On a larger scale, such techniques have proven difficult to implement and unsatisfactory.
- the object of the invention is therefore to create a new method for the solidification of radioactive waste which uses largely tried-and-tested techniques and can be carried out without undue effort, avoids severe evaporation losses and leads to a form of solidification with improved properties.
- the method according to the invention of the type mentioned at the outset, which was developed for this purpose, is characterized in that the glass melt, which is at a maximum of 1200.degree at least along their surface with solid, viscosity-increasing oxide until at least a partial dissolution thereof is brought into contact.
- Suitable oxides include alumina and zirconia, with unsintered alumina being preferred.
- the melt enriched with up to 30% cleavage products is preferably run into the final storage container, which is filled with spherical, fibrous or spongy unsintered aluminum oxide to produce a uniform, in particular Al 2 O 3 - saturated mass.
- the sufficiently thin melt (through appropriate selection of temperature or composition) quickly fills the cavities offered before the dissolution process begins with an increase in viscosity. Depending on the temperature and dissolving power of the respective glass and the desired quality improvement, this will be Aluminum oxide more or less dissolved or completely dissolved.
- the glass melt can, for example (calculated without fission products), about 50-70% Si0 2 and about 10 to 30% B 2 0 3 and 6-12% Na 2 0 and 1 -6% Li 2 0 and optionally additives such as CaO, CuO, Contain TiO 2 , ZnO and / or Ba0 (the percentages given being percentages by weight).
- additives such as CaO, CuO, Contain TiO 2 , ZnO and / or Ba0 (the percentages given being percentages by weight).
- a composition of the glass melt composed of 40-60% SiO 2 , 15-25% B 2 O 3 , 10-18% CaO, 6-15% Na 2 O and 0-5% Li 2 O is particularly useful.
- the process according to the invention has the advantage that the glass melting technology used hitherto can be retained unchanged and products are formed which, in addition to a high leaching resistance, have better thermal conductivity, in addition to segregation of the glass components or screen tion is severely restricted by the higher viscosity and presence of aluminum oxide particles.
- oxide particles, glass frit and waste can be introduced together in doses into the hot final storage container or heated together in the latter.
- melt-promoting agents such as in particular up to 5% lithium oxide can be contained in the glass mass.
- Thin Al 2 0 3 rods and / or tubes can also be introduced into the glass melt in a corresponding distribution.
- a 20 mm high bed of aluminum oxide spheres of about 2 mm ⁇ (19 ml) was at 1100-1200 ° C with 25 ml of a 20% waste (calculated as oxide) containing glass melt of 47% SiO 2 , 25% B203, 6.3 % Na 2 0, 1.3% Li 2 O and 19% CaO at the same temperature, which was distributed quickly and evenly in the ball bed. After this mass had stayed at 1100-1200 ° C. for 24 hours, the mass was slowly cooled.
- This block was exposed to carnallite lye at 200 ° C and 100 at for 500 hours.
- the block removed from the carnallite liquor then only showed a matt surface, but no crust formation.
- Example 2 With a glass melt containing 20% waste, the composition: 50% SiO 2 , 22.5% B 2 O 3 , 10% Na 2 0, 2.5% Li 2 0 and 15% Ca0 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 Obtained alumina-containing block, which showed an analogous behavior in carnallite lye.
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Abstract
Die Bildung möglichst auslaugungsbeständiger, hochradioaktiven Abfall enthaltender Verfestigungsprodukte mit einer Glasmatrix bei möglichst niedrigen Temperaturen unter Anwendung bekannter Glastechniken wird dadurch erreicht, dass eine maximal 1200°C heisse dünnflüssige Glasschmelze mit dem radioaktiven Abfall innerhalb des Endlagerbehälters vor ihrer Abkühlung zumindest längs ihrer Oberfläche mit festem viskositätssteigernden Oxid bis zu einer wenigstens teilweisen Auflösung desselben in Kontakt gebracht wird. Besonders geeignet ist ungesintertes Aluminiumoxid, das in loser Schüttung vor der Schmelze in den Endlagerbehälter in einer Menge eingebracht wird, die von der Glasschmelze innerhalb tragbarer Zeiten weitgehend resorbiert wird. Für die Bildung einer auslaugungsresistenten Aussenhaut dient eine entsprechende Innenwandbeschichtung des Endlagerbehälters mit Oxid. Besonders zweckmässig ist eine Zusammensetzung der Glassmelze (ohne Spaltprodukte gerechnet) aus 40 bis 60% SiO2O, 15 bis 25% B2O3, 10 bis 18% CaO, 6 bis 15% Na2O und 0 bis 5% Li2O.The formation of leaching-resistant solidification products containing highly radioactive waste with a glass matrix at the lowest possible temperatures using known glass techniques is achieved in that a molten glass melt with a maximum temperature of 1200 ° C with the radioactive waste inside the repository container before it cools down along its surface with a solid viscosity-increasing agent Oxide is brought into contact until at least partial dissolution thereof. Unsintered aluminum oxide, which is introduced in bulk before the melt into the final storage container in an amount that is largely absorbed by the glass melt within acceptable times, is particularly suitable. A corresponding inner wall coating of the final storage container with oxide is used to form a leach-resistant outer skin. A composition of the glass melt (calculated without fission products) of 40 to 60% SiO2O, 15 to 25% B2O3, 10 to 18% CaO, 6 to 15% Na2O and 0 to 5% Li2O is particularly useful.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Verfestigung von radioaktiven Abfällen in einer Glasmatrix, bei dem eine mit dem aktiven Material angereicherte Glasschmelze unter Abkühlung zum Erstarren gebracht wird.The invention relates to a method for solidifying radioactive waste in a glass matrix, in which a glass melt enriched with the active material is solidified with cooling.
Glas gilt als chemisch und thermisch weitgehend resistentes Material und die Verfahren zur Verglasung hochradioaktiver Abfälle aus Wiederaufbereitungsanlagen(für Kernbrennstoff) weisen weltweit einen hohen Entwicklungsstand auf. Die Spaltproduktlösungen werden aufkonzentriert, mit Glas-
Bei der Wahl der Glaszusammensetzung ist man gezwungen, einen gewissen Kompromiß einzugehen, da hochresistent.e Gläser, die bis zu 80 % Si02 enthalten, Temperaturen von 1300 bis 1600 C zum Erschmelzen erfordern. Bei diesen hohen Temperaturen würden erhebliche Anteile des radioaktiven Materials verflüchtigt werden. Die tatsächlich einqesetzten Gläser enthalten daher einen geringeren Si02 Anteil neben Oxiden von Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ba, B, Ti und dergleichen aus der Glastechnik bekannten Zusätzen. Solche Gläser erweisen sich nun als nicht absolut auslaugungsbeständig, insbesondere wenn man sie den derzeit für Auslaugungsprüfungen vorgesehenen Bedingungen unterwirft. So zeigt spalt―produkthaltiges Borsilikatglas nach einer 500-stündigen Einwirkung von Carnallitlauge bei 200°C und 100 at bereits dicke gelartige Krusten aus korrodiertem Glas.When choosing the glass composition, one is forced to make a certain compromise, since highly resistant glasses that contain up to 80% Si0 2 require temperatures of 1300 to 1600 C to melt. At these high temperatures, significant amounts of the radioactive material would be volatilized. The glasses actually used therefore contain a lower Si0 2 content in addition to oxides of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ba, B, Ti and the like additives known from glass technology. Such glasses now prove to be not absolutely resistant to leaching, especially if they are subjected to the conditions currently provided for leaching tests. After a 500-hour exposure to carnallite lye at 200 ° C and 100 at, gap ― shows product-containing borosilicate glass that is already thick gel-like crusts made of corroded glass.
Als auslaugungsbeständigere Einschlußnassen wurden daher bereits aluminiumoxidhaltige Gläser oder keramische Massen untersucht, wie sie in dem zusammenfassenden Bericht von G. Sachse und H. Rosenberger in " Kerrenegie" 10 (1967) Seiten 205-210 angegeben werden. Dabei werden als besonders auslaugungsbeständige Glassysteme u.a. Glasurschmelzen auf der Basis von Al2O3, CaO, Na20, B2O3 und Si02 genannt. Solche aluminiumhaltigen Borsilikatgläser benötigen zum Erschmelzen Temperaturen um oder über 1500°C, die für die Spaltproduktverfestigung unerwünscht hoch sind.Alumina-containing glasses or ceramic materials have therefore already been investigated as leaching-resistant inclusion masses, as are given in the summary report by G. Sachse and H. Rosenberger in "Kerrenegie" 10 (1967) pages 205-210. Glaze melts based on Al 2 O 3 , CaO, Na 2 0, B 2 O 3 and Si0 2 are mentioned as glass leach-resistant glass systems. Such aluminum-containing borosilicate glasses require temperatures around or above 1500 ° C. for melting, which are undesirably high for solidification of the fission product.
Ferner besteht bei Gläsern eine erhebliche Tendenz zu spontanen Kristallisationen, die physikalische und chemische Veränderungen hervorrufen, die sich erheblich auf die mechanische Zerstörbarkeit, Auslaugungsresistenz und Wärmeleitfähigkeit sowie andere Eigenschaften auswirken können. Man Hat daher bereits versucht, solche Gläser durch gesteuerte Kristallisationen in Glaskeramiken mit noch verbesserten Eigenschaften umzuwandeln ( A. De u.a. in "Atomwirtschaft" 1975, Seiten 359 - 360).Für eine solche Glaskeramikbildung muß die bereits bei hoher Temperatur erschmolzene Glasmasse einer bis zu 24stündigen kontrollierten Wärmebehandlumg bei hohen TEmperaturen in der Nähe des Schmel z-punktes ausgesetzt werden. Im größeren Maßstabe haben sich solche Techniken als nur schwierig durchführbar und wenig befriedigend erwiesen.Glasses also tend to spontaneously crystallize, causing physical and chemical changes that can have a significant impact on mechanical destructibility, leaching resistance, thermal conductivity, and other properties. Attempts have therefore already been made to convert such glasses by controlled crystallization into glass ceramics with even better properties (A. De et al. In "Atomwirtschaft" 1975, pages 359-360). For such a glass ceramic formation, the glass mass which has already melted at high temperature must be up to one 24-hour controlled heat treatment at high temperatures near the melt point are exposed. On a larger scale, such techniques have proven difficult to implement and unsatisfactory.
Aus diesem Grunde wurde in Schweden das sogenannte Asea-Verfahren zur Spaltproduktverfestigung entwickelt, nach dem calcinierte Spaltprodukte mit Aluminiumoxid vermengt und unter einem Preßdruck von mehreren 1000 atm bei etwa 800-900°C zu einem Monolithen verfestigt werden, der in Carnallitlauge beständig sein soll. Eine solche Monolithbildung unter außerordentlich hohen Drucken scheint kaum als Standardverfahren für die Verfestigung von radioaktiven Abfällen geeignet zu sein.For this reason, the so-called Asea process for fission product solidification was developed in Sweden, according to which calcined fission products are mixed with aluminum oxide and solidified under a pressure of several 1000 atm at about 800-900 ° C to a monolith which is said to be stable in carnallite lye. Such monolith formation under extremely high pressures hardly seems to be suitable as a standard method for the solidification of radioactive waste.
Das heißt, zur Erzielung einer möglichst guten Auslaugbeständigkeit von glas- oder keramikartigen spaltprodukthaltigen Massen werden entweder sehr aufwendige oder nicht völlig erprobte Techniken benötigt oder relativ hohe Schmelztemperaturen angewandt, so daß Aktivitätsverluste zu befürchten sind. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher die Schaffung eines neuen Verfahrens zur Verfestigung radioaktiver Abfälle, das sich weitgehend bereits erprobter Techniken bedient und ohne übermäßigen Aufwand durchführbar ist, starke Verdampfungsverluste vermeidet und zu einer Verfestigungsform mit verbesserten Eigenschaften führt.This means that in order to achieve the best possible leaching resistance of glass- or ceramic-like materials containing fission products, either very complex or not fully tried-and-tested techniques are required or relatively high melting temperatures are used, so that loss of activity is to be feared. The object of the invention is therefore to create a new method for the solidification of radioactive waste which uses largely tried-and-tested techniques and can be carried out without undue effort, avoids severe evaporation losses and leads to a form of solidification with improved properties.
Das zu diesem Zweck entwickelte erfindungsgemäße Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die maximal 1200°C heiße Glasschmelze mit dem aktiven Abfall innerhalb des Endlagerbehälters vor ihrer Abkühlung zumindest längs ihrer Oberfläche mit festem viskositätssteigernden Oxid bis zu einer wenigsten teilweisen Auflösung desselben in Kontakt gebracht wird.The method according to the invention of the type mentioned at the outset, which was developed for this purpose, is characterized in that the glass melt, which is at a maximum of 1200.degree at least along their surface with solid, viscosity-increasing oxide until at least a partial dissolution thereof is brought into contact.
Zu geeigneten Oxiden gehören Aluminiumoxid und Zirkoniumoxid, wobei ungesintertes Aluminiumoxid bevorzugt wird.Suitable oxides include alumina and zirconia, with unsintered alumina being preferred.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß insbesondere Aluminiumoxid von spaltprodukthaltiger Glasschmelze in gewisser Menge resorbiert werden kann, die dabei zähflüssiger wird und bei Abkühlung unter Bildung eines resistenten Materials erstarrt. Verwendet man zweckmäßigerweise ungesintertes Aluminiumoxid, so ergeben sich brauchbare Lösungsgeschwindigkeiten des Oxids in der Glasschmelze.It has been shown that in particular aluminum oxide can be resorbed from glass melt containing fission products in a certain amount, which becomes more viscous and solidifies on cooling to form a resistant material. If unsintered aluminum oxide is expediently used, useful dissolution rates of the oxide in the glass melt result.
Geht man dagegen zur Erzeugung ähnlicher aluminium-oxidhaltiger Massen von einer Mischung der Bestandteile aus, die dann erhitzt und zum Schmelzen gebracht wird, so werden erheblich höhere Temperaturen benötigt, die zu beträchtlichen Verdampfungsverlusten und zu starker Ofenkorrosion führen würden. Ferner ist das Schäumen solcher Schmelzen nur schwer zu beherrschen und führt zu blasendurchsetzten festen Massen, deren Auslaugungsbeständigkeit vermindert sein dürfte.If, on the other hand, a mixture of the components is used to produce similar aluminum oxide-containing materials, which is then heated and melted, significantly higher temperatures are required, which would lead to considerable evaporation losses and severe furnace corrosion. Furthermore, the foaming of such melts is difficult to control and leads to bubble-infused solid masses whose leaching resistance is likely to be reduced.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren läßt man vorzugsweise die mit bis zu 30% Spaltprodukten angereicherte Schmelze in den Endlagerbehälter einlaufen, der zur Erzeugung einer einheitlichen, insbesondere Al2O3- gesättigten Masse mit kugeligan, faserförmigem oder schwammartigem ungesinterten Aluminiumoxid gefüllt ist. Die (durch entsprechende Auswahl von Temperatur oder Zusammensetzung) ausreichend dünnflüssige Schmelze füllt rasch die angebotenen Hohlräume, bevor der Auflösungsprozeß unter Viskositätsanstieg einsetzt. Je nach Temperatur und Lösevermögen des jeweiligen Glases und gewünschter Qualitätsverbesserung wird das Aluminiumoxid mehr oder minder angelöst oder auch ganz aufgelöst.In the process according to the invention, the melt enriched with up to 30% cleavage products is preferably run into the final storage container, which is filled with spherical, fibrous or spongy unsintered aluminum oxide to produce a uniform, in particular Al 2 O 3 - saturated mass. The sufficiently thin melt (through appropriate selection of temperature or composition) quickly fills the cavities offered before the dissolution process begins with an increase in viscosity. Depending on the temperature and dissolving power of the respective glass and the desired quality improvement, this will be Aluminum oxide more or less dissolved or completely dissolved.
Ausgehend davon, daß die Glasblöcke während des Lagerns intakt bleiben, kann statt des homogenen Schutzes auch nur ein Außenschutz vorgesehen werden, in dom der Endlagerbehälter mit einer Aluminiumoxidwand ( z.B. kompakt oder in Form einer Fasermatte aus Aluminiumoxid) oder einer Beschichtung durch Auftragen oder Flammspritzen versehen wird, durch deren Auflösung der Glasblock eine korrosionsbeständige Außenhaut erhält.Assuming that the glass blocks remain intact during storage, only external protection can be provided instead of homogeneous protection, in the dom of the repository container with an aluminum oxide wall (e.g. compact or in the form of a fiber mat made of aluminum oxide) or a coating by application or flame spraying by dissolving the glass block receives a corrosion-resistant outer skin.
Die Glasschmelze kann z.B. (ohne Spaltprodukte gerechnet) etwa 50 - 70% Si02 und etwa 10 bis 30% B203 sowie 6 - 12% Na20 und 1 -6% Li20 und gegebenenfalls Zusätze wie CaO, CuO, TiO2, ZnO und/oder Ba0 enthalten ( wobei die angegebenen Prozente Gewichtsprozente bedeuten ). Über Beispiele für spezielle Zusammensetzungen wurde anlässlich des GDCh-Seminars "Über Chemie und Verfahrenstechnik bei der Verfestigung flüssiger hochradioaktiver Abfälle" in Jülich vom 1. bis 5. Juni 1981 berichtet.The glass melt can, for example (calculated without fission products), about 50-70% Si0 2 and about 10 to 30% B 2 0 3 and 6-12% Na 2 0 and 1 -6% Li 2 0 and optionally additives such as CaO, CuO, Contain TiO 2 , ZnO and / or Ba0 (the percentages given being percentages by weight). Examples of special compositions were reported at the GDCh seminar "On chemistry and process engineering in the solidification of liquid, highly radioactive waste" in Jülich from June 1 to 5, 1981.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist eine Zusammensetzung der Glasschmelze aus 40 - 60% Si02, 15 - 25% B2O3, 10 - 18% CaO, 6 - 15% Na20 und 0 - 5% Li20.A composition of the glass melt composed of 40-60% SiO 2 , 15-25% B 2 O 3 , 10-18% CaO, 6-15% Na 2 O and 0-5% Li 2 O is particularly useful.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat den Vorteil, daß die bislang angewandte Glasschmelztechnologie unverändert beibehalten werden kann und Produkte gebildet werden, die neben einer hohen Auslaugresistenz eine bessere Wärmeleitfähigkeit besitzen, wobei auberdem eine Entmischung der Glaskcmponenten oder Seigerung durch die höhere Viskosität und Anwesenheit von Aluminiumoxidpartikeln stark eingeschränkt ist.The process according to the invention has the advantage that the glass melting technology used hitherto can be retained unchanged and products are formed which, in addition to a high leaching resistance, have better thermal conductivity, in addition to segregation of the glass components or screen tion is severely restricted by the higher viscosity and presence of aluminum oxide particles.
Gemäß einer Abwandlung der vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahrensweise kann man auch Oxidpartikeln, Glasfritte und Waste gemeinsam in den heißen Endlagerbehälter dosiert einbringen oder gemeinsam in diesem erhitzen.According to a modification of the procedure described above, oxide particles, glass frit and waste can be introduced together in doses into the hot final storage container or heated together in the latter.
Zweckmäßig ist eine vollständige Auflösung des Oxids in der Schmelze, insbesondere in einer zur Al2O3 - Sättigung des Glases führenden Menge, sofern die dafür erforderlichen Temperaturen und Zeiten angemessen sind.It is advisable to completely dissolve the oxide in the melt, in particular in an amount leading to Al 2O3 saturation of the glass, provided the temperatures and times required for this are appropriate.
Für die Herstellung homogener Massen eignen sich besonders relativ lockere poröse Kugeln mit mindestens 2 mm Durchmesser, die von entsprechend dünnflüssiger heißer Schmelze getränkt werden, die so rasch die Gesamtmasse der Kugelschüttung durchdringen muß, daß keine vorzeitige Viskositätssteigerung auftritt. Die Zähigkeit der Schmelze und die Hohlraumgröße sowie die Kontakttemperatur müssen daher im Hinblick auf die Erzielung eines möglichst einheitlichen Körpers bei möglichst niedriger Temperatur ( zur Vermeidung von Verdampfungsverlusten ) aufeinander abgestimmt werden. Zweckmäßigerweise können schmelzfördernde Mittel wie insbesondere bis zu 5% Lithiumoxid in der Glasmasse enthalten sein.For the production of homogeneous masses, relatively loose porous spheres with a diameter of at least 2 mm are particularly suitable, which are impregnated with a correspondingly thin, hot melt, which has to penetrate the total mass of the spherical bed so quickly that there is no premature increase in viscosity. The viscosity of the melt and the cavity size as well as the contact temperature must therefore be coordinated with one another with a view to achieving a body that is as uniform as possible at the lowest possible temperature (to avoid evaporation losses). Expediently, melt-promoting agents such as in particular up to 5% lithium oxide can be contained in the glass mass.
Man kann in die Glasschmelze auch dünne Al203 - Stäbe und/oder - Rohre in entsprechender Verteilung einbringen.Thin Al 2 0 3 rods and / or tubes can also be introduced into the glass melt in a corresponding distribution.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung an Hand von Beispielen erläutert:The invention is explained below using examples:
Eine 20 mm hohe Schüttung von Aluminiumoxidkügelchen von etwa 2 mm ø (19 ml) wurde bei 1100 - 1200°C mit 25 ml einer 20% Waste ( gerechnet als Oxid ) enthaltenden Glasschmelze aus 47% SiO2, 25% B203, 6,3% Na20, 1,3% Li2O und 19% CaO der gleichen Temperatur überschüttet, die sich rasch und gleichmäßig in der Kugelschüttung verteilte. Nach 24-stündigem Aufenthalt dieser Masse bei 1100 - 1200°C wurde die Masse langsam abgekühlt.A 20 mm high bed of aluminum oxide spheres of about 2 mm ø (19 ml) was at 1100-1200 ° C with 25 ml of a 20% waste (calculated as oxide) containing glass melt of 47% SiO 2 , 25% B203, 6.3 % Na 2 0, 1.3% Li 2 O and 19% CaO at the same temperature, which was distributed quickly and evenly in the ball bed. After this mass had stayed at 1100-1200 ° C. for 24 hours, the mass was slowly cooled.
Als Ergebnis wurde ein kompakter Block aus verfärbtem Glas mit teilweise darin gelösten Kügelchen erhalten.As a result, a compact block of discolored glass with beads partially dissolved therein was obtained.
Dieser Block wurde 500 Stunden lang der Einwirkung von Carnallitlauge bei 200°C und 100 at ausgesetzt. Der aus der Carnallitlauge entnommene Block zeigte danach lediglich eine matte Oberfläche, aber keinerlei Krustenbildung.This block was exposed to carnallite lye at 200 ° C and 100 at for 500 hours. The block removed from the carnallite liquor then only showed a matt surface, but no crust formation.
Mit einer 20% Waste enthaltenden Glasschmelze der Zusammensetzung: 50% SiO2, 22,5% B2O3, 10% Na20, 2,5% Li20 und 15% Ca0 wurde in gleicher Weise wie in Beispiel 1 ein aluminiumoxidhaltiger kanpakter Block erhalten, der ein analoges Verhalten in Carnallitlauge zeigte.With a glass melt containing 20% waste, the composition: 50% SiO 2 , 22.5% B 2 O 3 , 10% Na 2 0, 2.5% Li 2 0 and 15% Ca0 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 Obtained alumina-containing block, which showed an analogous behavior in carnallite lye.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3131276A DE3131276C2 (en) | 1981-08-07 | 1981-08-07 | Process for the solidification of radioactive waste |
| DE3131276 | 1981-08-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0071927A1 true EP0071927A1 (en) | 1983-02-16 |
| EP0071927B1 EP0071927B1 (en) | 1985-01-30 |
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ID=6138809
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82106944A Expired EP0071927B1 (en) | 1981-08-07 | 1982-07-31 | Process for solidifying radioactive wastes |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4439672A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0071927B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3131276C2 (en) |
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| US4725383A (en) * | 1983-08-09 | 1988-02-16 | Ebara Corporation | Process for volume reduction and solidification of a radioactive sodium borate waste solution |
| WO1999057730A3 (en) * | 1998-05-02 | 2000-03-02 | Westinghouse Savannah River Co | Low melting high lithia glass compositions and methods |
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| CH658514A5 (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1986-11-14 | Wild Heerbrugg Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING A MEASURING SIZE. |
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| US4725383A (en) * | 1983-08-09 | 1988-02-16 | Ebara Corporation | Process for volume reduction and solidification of a radioactive sodium borate waste solution |
| WO1999057730A3 (en) * | 1998-05-02 | 2000-03-02 | Westinghouse Savannah River Co | Low melting high lithia glass compositions and methods |
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| CN114199353A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-18 | 上海辰竹仪表有限公司 | Strain bridge input sampling circuit and weighing system |
| CN114199353B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-03-05 | 上海辰竹仪表有限公司 | Strain bridge input sampling circuit and weighing system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0071927B1 (en) | 1985-01-30 |
| DE3131276A1 (en) | 1983-02-24 |
| DE3262147D1 (en) | 1985-03-14 |
| US4439672A (en) | 1984-03-27 |
| DE3131276C2 (en) | 1986-02-13 |
| US4464294A (en) | 1984-08-07 |
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