EP0070480B1 - Method and apparatus for positioning the pressure plate in material testing devices - Google Patents

Description

In order to carry out material tests, it is known that the test conditions in the testing machine are clear and reproducible. In the pressure test, it was previously difficult to meet this necessary condition, this applies in particular when force is applied to the sample via the pressure plate.

In the case of pressure samples, the sample surfaces that come into contact with the pressure plates are rarely parallel to one another. One of the pressure plates, preferably the upper pressure plate, must therefore be able to adapt to the inclination of the upper sample surface. It is therefore customary to spherically support the upper pressure plate with a spherical cap and spherical shell. In order to achieve a perfect adaptation of the inclination of the pressure plate to the inclination of the sample surface when setting up, the paddle must be inclined almost without force relative to the bowl, which practically requires a frictionless contact of the surfaces. On the other hand, during the test, the upper pressure plate should remain in the position in which it was set when setting it up in order to have a clear and reproducible test condition, since when tipping movements are permitted during loading, it is difficult or impossible to make comparable statements about the application of force can. A very large amount of friction between the contact surfaces is necessary to maintain this condition.

These conflicting requirements of setting the pressure plate inclination when setting up without noticeable resistance and the practically immovable pressure plate during the test cannot be met with the previously known or customary measures.

From US-A-3 545 263 (corresponding to DE-OS 19 03 042) a testing machine is known in which a pressure plate is designed in the form of a hemisphere mounted in a spherical shell. The hemisphere has a spigot that passes through a central opening in the spherical shell and is pressed against the spherical shell by a spring acting on the end of the spigot. Due to the spherical mounting, the pressure plate should be adjustable at a limited angle to the inclination of the surface of the sample. After the adjustment, the pressure plate is to be locked by a locking device acting at the end of the pin. In this embodiment, the entire contact surface of the spherical shell and spherical cap remains engaged in the usual way, both during adjustment and during testing, so that, for example, the known difficulties arise when adjusting to the inclination of the sample surface.

The object of the invention is to provide a method for a printing plate storage and an apparatus for performing the method, which make it possible in a simple and economical manner to meet the requirement for easy adjustability when setting up the printing plate and immobility of the printing plate during the further course of the experiment.

This object is achieved by the features specified in claims 1 and 7. The further claims relate to configurations of the invention.

According to the invention, the mounting of the spherical cap and spherical shell is divided into two mechanical states which follow one another in time, namely in the first state, in which, while maintaining a force-fitting centering of the spherical cap relative to the shell, the pressure plate is adjusted to the inclination of those driven against it with almost no force Pressure area of the sample takes place and the further state in which a relative movement of the calotte in the shell is prevented.

For this purpose, two different contact surfaces are used for the two functions and, alternatively, different kinematic conditions are created for the attack of the adjusting forces.

At the beginning of the experiment, the spherical shell is supported in relation to the calotte by one or more partial surfaces, the surfaces of which are characterized by very good sliding properties, the arrangement of these partial surfaces in or near the center of the calotte favoring easy adjustment and following these partial surfaces acting as supporting surfaces Exceeding a low preload are pushed back, whereby a system occurs on the second partial area, which corresponds approximately to the entire contact area between the calotte and the shell, both or one of the contact areas having partially or completely greater frictional resistances.

Another measure is that the kinematics of the tilting movement are selected differently for the two states, the center of the radius of the spherical shell being in the plane of the pressure surface of the pressure plate in the first phase, the set-up phase, and thereby a favorable attack of the adjusting forces being achieved and when the sample and pressure plate come into contact, there are no horizontal frictional resistances that counteract the tilting movement. In the second phase while the sample is loaded, however, the center of the radius of the spherical shell lies below the pressure surface of the pressure plate, which additionally counteracts horizontal frictional forces when the plate is adjusted.

In the first phase, namely the set-up phase, the form fit between the calotte and the support is brought about by displaceable support elements which are loaded by spring force or hydraulic pressure and which support the calotte against the shell, the end faces of the support elements being made of a material with very good sliding properties or coated with it. In the second phase, at At the beginning of the actual pressure test, the counter load of the spring force or hydraulic pressure acting on the support elements is overcome by the test load, the support elements recede and the calotte and the shell come into direct contact on almost all of their contact surfaces. In order to increase the resistance to movement between the two parts, the surface of one of the two parts is produced with a higher roughness, namely the part in which the support elements are installed. The counter surface can additionally have a greater degree of roughness on the surfaces on which the end faces of the support bolts or bushings are not in contact.

When the support elements withdraw, the pressure surface of the pressure plate moves away from the center of the shell radius to the shell, as a result of which the center point then lies below the pressure surface.

Depending on the type of test, the test conditions, the dimensions of the sample and the pressure plate, it may be advantageous and desirable to be able to change the resistance of the pressure plate to a change in inclination in order to create optimal conditions in the alignment phase and the test phase.

The setting torque exerted by the sample on the pressure plate is in fact different in size. With an assumed size, e.g. B. the pressure plate diagonal and the spherical shell radius R, the setting torque exerted by the inclined sample surface is small when the sample diagonal is small compared to the two device dimensions above, whereas the setting torque is larger when the sample diagonal is larger than the above device dimensions, in particular larger than the spherical shell radius.

In order to ensure a safe setting of the pressure plate, the resistance that counteracts the adjustment of the pressure plate should be as small as possible when testing a sample with a small diagonal, whereas when examining a sample with a large diagonal, especially with longer ones Rerchtechamples the stall resistance should be larger to avoid unstable conditions.

According to a further development of the invention, the change in the setting resistance is achieved in that the resistance of the pressure plate to a change in its inclination is set by adjusting a prestressing force acting on the contact surfaces and / or the ratio of the prestressing forces acting on the contact surfaces.

For this purpose, hydraulic biasing devices are preferably used, which combined with biasing springs, for. B. steel springs, or work without such springs. The prestressing devices can either be installed in the spherical cap or on the side of the spherical shell or partly in the spherical cap, partly on the side of the spherical shell.

The support bushes can be withdrawn during the test phase and have no contact with the counter surface or they can remain applied with a possibly constant tension of the preload spring or the pressure in the hydraulic chamber and act as a recoil damper when the pressure plate springs back after the specimen break.

The invention will now be further explained with the aid of drawings which represent preferred embodiments.

• Fig. 1 a Druckplatte mit Mittelbolzenaufhängung und zentraler Stützbüchse
• Fig 1 b Druckplatte mit Mittelbolzenaufhängung und zentraler Stützbüches für die Rückstoßdämpfung.
• Fig 2 a Druckplatte mit Mittelbolzenaufhängung und radial angeordneten Stützbolzen
• Fig 2 b wie 2 a, jedoch mit Stützring für die Vorspannfeder
• Fig 3 a Druckplatte mit am Außenrand angreifenden Tragfedern und zentrischer Stützbüchse
• Fig. 3 b Druckplatte wie 3 a mit parallel zur Maschinenachse in der Kalotte angeordneten Stützbolzen.
• Fig. 4 a Druckplatte wie 3 a mit Anordnung eines mittigen Stützbolzens in der Kugelschale
• Fig. 4 b Druckplatte wie 3a mit radial angeordneten Stützholzen in der Kugelschals
• Fig. 5 Stutzbolzen mit hydraulischer Anpressung in die Kalotte eingebaut
• Fig. 6 Stützbolzen mit hydraulischer Anpressung in die Kugelschale eingebaut
• Fig. 7 Komplettes Stützelement zum Einbau in Kugelschale oder Kalotte
• Fig. 8 Druckplatte mit hydraulischer Stützbüchse und hydraulischer Tragbüchse in der Kugelkalotte,
• Fig. 9 a Druckplatte mit hydraulischer Stützbüchse und hydraulischer Tragbuchse in einer einseitigen Bohrung der Kugelkalotte,
• Fig. 9 b Druckplatte mit hydraulischer Stützbüchse und Tragscheibe 41 in einer einseitigen Bohrung der Kugelkalotte;
• Fig. 10 Druckplatte mit hydraulischer Stützbüchse und hydraulischer Tragbüchse in der Kugelschale,
• Fig. 11 Druckplatte mit federbelasteter Stützbüchse und Hydraulik-Kolben am Tragbolzen,
• Fig. 12 Druckplatte mit hydraulischer Tragbüchse und federbelasteter Stützbüchse in der Kugelkalotte,
• Fig. 13 Druckplatte mit fedsrbelasteter Stützbüchse und mehreren Hydraulik-Kolben für den Tragholzen, in der Kugelschale angeordnet,
• Fig. 14 Druckplatts mit kombinierter Stützbüchse-Tragbüchse in der Kugelschale angeordnet,
• Fig. 15 Druckplatte mit kombinierter Stützbüchse-Tragbüchse in der Kugelschale angeordnet, mit Distanzbüchse.

Show it:

• Fig. 1 a pressure plate with central pin suspension and central support sleeve
• Fig 1 b pressure plate with central pin suspension and central support bushes for the recoil damping.
• Fig. 2 a pressure plate with central pin suspension and radially arranged support pin
• Fig. 2 b as 2 a, but with a support ring for the bias spring
• Fig 3 a pressure plate with supporting springs acting on the outer edge and a central support sleeve
• Fig. 3 b pressure plate as 3 a with parallel to the machine axis in the calotte arranged support bolts.
• Fig. 4 a pressure plate as 3 a with the arrangement of a central support bolt in the spherical shell
• Fig. 4 b pressure plate as 3a with radially arranged support beams in the ball scarves
• Fig. 5 support bolts with hydraulic pressure installed in the calotte
• Fig. 6 support bolt with hydraulic pressure installed in the ball socket
• Fig. 7 Complete support element for installation in a spherical shell or spherical cap
• 8 pressure plate with hydraulic support sleeve and hydraulic support sleeve in the spherical cap,
• 9 a pressure plate with hydraulic support sleeve and hydraulic support bush in a one-sided bore of the spherical cap,
• Fig. 9 b pressure plate with hydraulic support sleeve and support plate 41 in a one-sided bore of the spherical cap;
• 10 pressure plate with hydraulic support sleeve and hydraulic support sleeve in the spherical shell,
• 11 pressure plate with spring-loaded support sleeve and hydraulic piston on the support pin,
• 12 pressure plate with hydraulic support sleeve and spring-loaded support sleeve in the spherical cap,
• 13 pressure plate with spring-loaded support sleeve and several hydraulic pistons for the supporting beams, arranged in the spherical shell,
• Fig. 14 pressure plate with combined support sleeve-carrying sleeve in the spherical shell arranged,
• Fig. 15 pressure plate with combined support sleeve-carrying sleeve arranged in the spherical shell, with spacer sleeve.

FIG. 1 a shows the embodiment of the subject of the invention on a pressure plate 3 suspended by a support or center bolt 4. In the spherical cap 2 there is arranged a support sleeve 14 which can be displaced in the axial direction, the upper end face 15 of which has a surface with good sliding properties, e.g. B. plastic coating. By tightening the spring 5, by the nut 6, the support sleeve with attached pressure plate is raised so far that the end face 15 of the support sleeve 14 rests against the ball socket 1 with low pressure. The spherical cap and pressure plate rest on the outer shoulder 10 of the support sleeve, which is braced against the supporting bolt 4 by the biasing spring 11. When aligning the pressure plate, it is only guided through the spherical end face 15 of the support sleeve 14. When loaded, the force of the biasing spring 11 is overcome and the entire remaining calotte with a rougher surface lies directly against the remaining spherical shell. During the set-up phase, the center A of the radius R of the spherical shell 1 lies in the pressure plate plane 16, in the working position point A lies below the pressure plate plane 16.

The same arrangement is shown in FIG. 1b, but with hydraulic recoil damping. The annular chamber 24 is connected during the loading process via the pressure line 22 to a hydraulic accumulator which has a constant pressure level. The following is feasible: the pressure level required for damping can further tension the preload spring 11 and thus press the spherical cap against the spherical shell, while at the same time the support sleeve 14 can be pushed down until it disappears under the spherical surface, during the setting process the annular chamber can be depressurized be.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2 a, the spherical cap is supported and aligned by at least three support bolts 9 which slide in bores of the spherical cap and are preloaded with springs 11. The springs are supported against the pressure plate 3.

Similar support bolts 9 are present in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 b. The bias spring 11 is supported against an end plate 12, for. B. from a Seeger ring. Sliders 25 made of a slightly sliding material are inserted into the end face of the support bolts. Here, too, the pressure plate plane 16 moves upward from the center A of the shell radius R under load. The contact surface of the supporting bolt 4 with a small spherical cap 8 against the small spherical shell 7 is brought up to the center of the spherical cap 2 in order to keep the setting forces for the pressure plate 3 low.

3 a shows the embodiment of the subject matter of the invention on a pressure plate which is suspended from at least three springs 27 which engage on the outer edge of the pressure plate 3. In the spherical cap 2, a support sleeve 14 is installed in the center, the shoulder of which is pressed by the spring 11 against the shoulder 10 of the bore in the spherical cap 2.

3b, three support bolts 9 are arranged parallel to the machine axis in the spherical cap.

The bias of the spring 11 can be adjusted with the screw.

4 a on a similarly suspended pressure plate, a support pin 9, which is arranged in the central bore of the spherical shell 1 and which is loaded by the spring 11, is provided.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4 b, at least three support bolts 9 are arranged radially in the spherical shell. The guide bore, which is open at the top, is closed by a screw 18, which serves to bias the spring 11.

In a further embodiment, the pretension for the support bolts or bushes is built up hydraulically.

5, the support pin 9 is connected to a piston 17 with sealing rings 17a, which slides in a bore in the calotte. The back of the bore is closed with sealing rings by a sealing plug 18. The pressure oil is supplied through line 23.

6, the support element is arranged in the spherical shell 1, the bore for guiding the support bolt 9 and the pressure piston 17 is incorporated from above and closed with a threaded plug 18 with a connection bore 22 for the pressure line.

7, a complete support element with cylinder 19, biasing piston 17 and support pin 9 is inserted into the ball socket.

The same element can also be installed in the spherical cap. Instead of the hydraulic pressure, these complete support elements can be equipped with spring preload.

The hydraulic support elements described above are connected to a pressure accumulator with constant oil pressure or they are supplied by a feed pump. The feed pump feeds into the support elements via a pressure regulator and a check valve connected behind it. A pressure relief valve is attached to the support element.

The end faces of the support bushes or support bolts, which are built into the spherical shell, have a shape adapted to the spherical shell, FIG. 2 a), or are spherical (FIG. 3 b).

The end face of the support bolts and bushings, which are installed in the spherical shell 1, have a shape adapted to the spherical shell or spherical or a flat shape (Fig. 4b).

Fig. 8 shows the execution of the subject matter of an arrangement in which two hydraulic clamping devices are used, which are installed in the spherical cap 2, and which can work independently of each other. In this arrangement, a support spring z. B. coil spring can be dispensed with. The prestress for the abutment of the end face 15 of the support bush 14 against the spherical shell 1 in the set-up phase is brought about by the pressure chamber 24. The bearing of the spherical cap after the end of the adjustment phase on the spherical shell is brought about by the carrying sleeve 28 with the pressure chamber 24a. During the setting process, the pressure chamber 24a can be depressurized and the pressure chamber 24 can be subjected to a pressure which just applies the support sleeve to the ball socket or presses it with a higher prestress. After adjusting the pressure plate to the inclination of the test specimen surface, the test specimen and the pressure plate can be replaced by the z. B. The hydraulic drive of the machine located underneath can be raised until the spherical cap rests on the spherical shell and then a preload is generated via the annular chamber 24a: however, the pressure plate can also first be raised via the annular chamber 24a and pressed against the spherical shell before the hydraulic drive the machine lifts the sample. During the pressure test, the annular chamber 24 can be depressurized, so that the support sleeve can sink behind the surface of the spherical cap.

According to another embodiment, the annular chamber 24a can be under a possibly constant hydraulic pressure and can serve as a shock absorber via the support sleeve when the pressure plate springs back after the sample has broken.

The spherical cap itself can be pressed against the spherical shell by the carrying bushing during the test, whereby the usual preload spring can be omitted.

9 a shows the subject of the invention in an embodiment in which the support sleeve 14 and the support sleeve 28 can both be introduced from one side into the cylindrical bore of the spherical cap. The support sleeve is pressed by the spring 11 against the spherical shell. The contact pressure is set in the annular chamber 24 by the hydraulic force counteracting the spring force. After the adjustment phase, the support sleeve can be retracted behind the calotte surface by the hydraulic pressure in chamber 24. The carrying sleeve 28 has a hydraulic pressure chamber 24a.

9 b shows the subject matter of the invention in an embodiment in which only the support sleeve has a hydraulic drive with a pressure chamber 24. In the setting phase, after lowering the pressure in the chamber 24, the spring 11 takes effect and the support sleeve emerges from the spherical cap. At the transition to the experiment, the support sleeve is first pulled back by an increase in pressure in the chamber 24, then the elongated lower part of the support sleeve settles on the support plate 41 as a stroke limiter 38, the further increase in pressure in the chamber 24 pressing the spherical cap against the spherical shell.

The support sleeve 21 and the spring 11 can dampen the recoil when the pressure plate springs back.

10 shows the subject matter of the invention in an embodiment in which the hydraulic support sleeve 14 and the hydraulic support sleeve 28 are arranged on the side of the spherical shell, the function of the arrangement correspondingly being the same as that described for FIG. 1 . A compression spring 5 can also be installed for the suspension of the pressure plate.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 11, a pretensioning device is equipped with a hydraulic system, the other is equipped with a spring, the supporting bolt being connected to the piston 29, which can slide in the cylinder bore 30, and the supporting bush 14 is loaded by the pretensioning spring 11. During the adjustment process, the pressure chamber 31 is relieved, as a result of which the support sleeve 14 emerges from the spherical cap. The bias spring 11 can be dimensioned independently of the bias in the support bolt. A chamber 32, which can act as recoil vapors, is installed above the piston and can be connected to a pressure relief valve or a pressure accumulator for adjusting the damping effect. The cylinder with piston 29 can also be arranged as a separate element on the surface of the spherical shell cross member, which provides a hydraulic drive.

FIG. 12 shows an arrangement with a support sleeve 14, tension spring 11 and hydraulic support sleeve 28. In the setting phase, the pressure chamber 24a is relieved, as a result of which the support sleeve comes into contact alone.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 13, there are at least two cylinder bores 34 with plummer pistons 33, which can lift the supporting bolt 4 via a supporting disk 39. The support sleeve 14 is loaded with the spring 11. The plunger pistons can also be arranged in separate cylinders which are arranged on the spherical shell cross member.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 14, the support sleeve 14 and the support sleeve 28 are combined in one component (so-called support support sleeve). In the setup phase, the pressure chamber 24a can be depressurized, as a result of which the support carrying sleeve 14/28 rests on the shoulder 36 of the spherical shell. In the test phase, the support liner is raised by pressure in the chamber 24 a, whereupon the support liner rests against the shoulder 35 of the support bolt 4 and takes over the prestressing for it.

The stroke of the support bushing 14/28 can be designed so that the support bushing only rests against the shoulder 35 of the support bolt 4 when the support bushing has withdrawn behind the surface of the spherical shell.

15 shows an embodiment in which a spacer sleeve 37 is used instead of the shoulder 35 of FIG. 14.

A spring can also replace the spacer sleeve.

The drawings show exemplary combinations and arrangements of

Support sleeve and carrying sleeve.

• 1. Eine oder beide Spannkräfte werden durch die Art der Konstruktion unveränderbar festgelegt, gegebenenfalls ist ihr Verhältnis vor oder während des Versuchs veränderbar.
• 2. Eine oder beide Spannkräfte werden vor dem Versuch eingestellt.
• 3. Eine oder beide Spannkräfte können während des Versuchs geregelt werden.

The setting of the clamping or bracing forces is possible as follows:

• 1. One or both clamping forces are fixed unchangeably by the type of construction, if necessary their ratio can be changed before or during the test.
• 2. One or both clamping forces are set before the experiment.
• 3. One or both clamping forces can be regulated during the test.

The method and the device according to the invention provide clear and reproducible test conditions for carrying out printing tests, since both the easy adjustability of the printing plate inclination is achieved in the setting phase and the prevention of relative displacements of the calotte and shell during the actual printing test. To achieve this goal, only a few additional, simple machine elements are required, so that the device can be produced economically.

Claims (17)

1. Method for the mounting and adjustment of pressure plates in materials testing machines, which have a pressure plate with a spherical cup, a spherical shell which is connectable with the testing machine for receiving the spherical cup, and connecting elements for connecting the spherical cup and the spherical shell, the adjustment of the pressure plate to the inclination of the pressure surface of the test piece being effected first and thereafter, on loading, a relative movement between the spherical cup and spherical shell being prevented, characterised in that

- for the almost force-free adjustment of the pressure plate to the inclination of the pressure surface of the test piece which is brought against it whilst maintaining a centering of the spherical cup to the spherical shell, a first pair of contact surfaces is brought into effect, which pair consists of spherical shell and spherical cup elements which can be supported against each other and which are arranged concentrically to the spherical shell axis, and which pair forms a contact surface with slight friction,

- and that thereafter, on loading, a second pair of contact surfaces, consisting of a spherical cup and spherical shell, is brought into effect, the second contact surfaces having a high coefficient of friction, so that on resting the spherical cup against the spherical shell, a relative movement between the spherical cup and the spherical shell is prevented by frictional connection or respectively static friction.

2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that on the adjustment of the pressure plate, the central point of the spherical shell (A) lies in the pressure surface plane of the pressure plate and on loading the central point (A) lies beneath the pressure surface plane.

3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the resistance of the pressure plate with respect to an alteration to its inclination is adjusted in that an initial stressing force acting on the contact surfaces and/or the ratio of the initial stressing forces acting on the contact surfaces is adjusted.

4. Method according to Claim 3, characterised in that at least one initial stressing force is altered before and/or during the test.

5. Method according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the initial stressing force is produced or altered mechanically.

6. Method according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the initial stressing force is produced or altered hydraulically.

7. Device for the mounting and adjustment of pressure plates in materials testing machines, which has a pressure plate (3) with a spherical cup (2), a spherical shell (1) which is connectable with the testing machine for receiving the spherical cup (2), and connecting elements for connecting the spherical cup and spherical shell, for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in the spherical shell (1) or in the spherical cup (2) at least one support element (9,14), which is movable with respect to the bearing surface of the spherical cup (2) or respectively with respect to the spherical shell (1), is arranged to support the spherical cup (2) on the spherical shell (1), that the surface of the support element which comes into contact with the spherical shell (1) or respectively spherical cup (2) has good sliding properties and that the support element for supporting the spherical cup (2) on the spherical shell (1) can be acted upon by springs (11) or hydraulically via cylinder/piston arrangements.

8. Device according to Claim 7, characterised in that the support elements are constructed as centrally arranged support sleeve (14) or in the form of at least three support pins (9) which are distributed over the surface of the spherical shell (1) or respectively the spherical cup (2).

9. Device according to Claim 8 with a connecting element constructed as a carrier pin, characterised in that the carrier pin (4) is arranged in the spherical shell (1) and is passed through a central opening of the support sleeve (14), that the support sleeve (14) rests with an inner shoulder on a collar of the carrier pin, the support between the collar of the carrier pin (4) and the support sleeve (14) taking place via spherical surfaces (20), that the support sleeve (14) has an outer shoulder (10), against which the spherical cup (2) can be placed and that a prestressing spring (11) is provided, with which the support sleeve (14) and the spherical cup (2) can be braced against each other such that the contact surface of the support sleeve projects beyond the contact surface of the spherical cup (2).

10. Device according to Claim 9, characterised in that an annular chamber (24), which is formed between the outer shoulder (10) of the axially movable support sleeve (14) and the spherical cup (2), can be acted upon by a pressure medium.

11. Device according to Claim 8, with a connecting element constructed as a carrier pin, characterised in that the support pins (9) have a collar (13) and are supported by a spring (11) against the spherical cup (2) and that the spherical cup (2) is supported against spherical surfaces on a collar of the carrier pin (4).

12. Device according to Claim 8, characterised in that the support elements consist of cylinders (19), pistons (17) with sealing rings (17a), support pins (9) and threaded plugs (18) with sealing rings (18a).

13. Device according to Claim 7 with a connecting element constructed as a carrier pin, characterised in that in the spherical cup (2) or in the spherical shell (1) a support sleeve (14) and a carrier sleeve (28) are arranged axially movably and coaxially such that they are penetrated centrally by the carrier pin (4), that the support sleeve (14) and carrier sleeve (28) have an outer shoulder, that the outer shoulders cooperate with steps in the spherical cup (2) or spherical shell (1) and thereby form annular chambers (24, 24a) which can be acted upon hydraulically, that the outer shoulders and steps are arranged such that when the annular chambers (24, 24a) are acted upon, the support sleeve (14) and the carrier sleeve (28) move away from each other, that the carrier sleeve (28) is supported on a collar on one end of the carrier pin (4) and the carrier pin (4) supports itself on its other end on the spherical shell (1), or respectively that the carrier pin (4) carries the spherical cup (2) on one end through a collar with spherical contact surfaces and supports itself on the other end on the carrier sleeve (28).

14. Device according to Claim 7 with a connecting element constructed as a carrier pin, characterised in that in the spherical cup (2) a support sleeve (14) and a carrier sleeve (28) are arranged axially movably and coaxially such that they are penetrated centrally by the carrier pin (4), that the support sleeve (14) and carrier sleeve (28) have an outer shoulder, that the outer shoulders cooperate withsteps in the spherical cup (2) and thereby form annular chambers (24, 24a) which can be acted upon hydraulically, that the outer shoulders and steps are arranged such that when the annular chambers (24, 24a) are acted upon, the support sleeve (14) and carrier sleeve (28) move in the same direction and that the carrier pin (4) is supported elastically against the spherical shell (1) and carries the carrier sleeve (28) on its other end on a collar via a spherical surface, the prestressing spring (11) being arranged between the support sleeve (14) and carrier sleeve (28).

15. Device according to Claim 8 with a connecting element constructed as a carrier pin, characterised in that the carrier pin (4) acts on a carrier disc (41) in the spherical cup (2) on spherical annular surfaces, against which disc the prestressing spring (11) also supports itself for action upon the support sleeve (14) and that the carrier pin (4) in the spherical shell (1) is connected to a piston/cylinder arrangement (29, 30) which is able to be acted upon hydraulically.

16. Device according to Claim 8 with a connecting eelement constructed as a carrier pin, characterised in that the carrier pin (4) in the spherical cup (2) acts via a collar on spherical surfaces on an axially movable carrier sleeve (28) which is arranged coaxially to the carrier pin (4), on which carrier sleeve the prestressing spring (11) for the support sleeve (14) is also supported and that the carrier sleeve (28) has an outer shoulder, which with a step in the spherical cup (2) forms an annular chamber (24a) which can be acted upon hydraulically.

17. Device according to Claim 8 with a connecting element constructed as a carrier pin, characterised in that the spherical cup (2) is supported on spherical surfaces on a collar of the carrier pin (4), that in the spherical shell (1) a combined support/carrier sleeve (14, 28) is arranged, which has an outer shoulder and with a shoulder (36) in the spherical shell (1) forms an annular chamber (24a) which can be acted upon hydraulically and that the carrier pin (4) is supported via a prestressing spring (11) on the support/carrier sleeve (14, 28).

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