EP0069788A1 - Process for producing a synthetic-leather web - Google Patents
Process for producing a synthetic-leather web Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0069788A1 EP0069788A1 EP81105370A EP81105370A EP0069788A1 EP 0069788 A1 EP0069788 A1 EP 0069788A1 EP 81105370 A EP81105370 A EP 81105370A EP 81105370 A EP81105370 A EP 81105370A EP 0069788 A1 EP0069788 A1 EP 0069788A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- fleece
- fibers
- nonwoven
- carbonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 108700005213 synthetic Leather Proteins 0.000 title 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009988 textile finishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010061592 cardiac fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000986 disperse dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006186 water-soluble synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012866 water-soluble synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010024825 Loose associations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical group O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004812 organic fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004447 silicone coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- POECFFCNUXZPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;carbonic acid;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(O)=O.OC([O-])=O POECFFCNUXZPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
- D04H1/482—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with shrinkage
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/4334—Polyamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/435—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
- D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
- D06N3/0025—Rubber threads; Elastomeric fibres; Stretchable, bulked or crimped fibres; Retractable, crimpable fibres; Shrinking or stretching of fibres during manufacture; Obliquely threaded fabrics
- D06N3/0031—Retractable fibres; Shrinking of fibres during manufacture
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a nonwoven synthetic leather, in which a nonwoven is formed by joining fibers together in a dry way and compacted in its structure by needling and by activating shrinking forces, in which a binder is introduced with an aqueous carrier liquid and the nonwoven is subsequently added exposed to an acidified liquid, dried and finished.
- DE-OS 19 05 551 describes a supple plate material, particularly suitable as a raw material for the production of synthetic leather, which consists of a needled and shrunk fleece made of PVA fibers with a titer of 0.5 to 2.5 den, the spaces between them contain a polymeric filler that does not adhere to the fibers and is largely connected via the spaces between the fibers, and optionally an abrasive powder.
- This material has little dimensional stability due to its high moisture absorption capacity. Grip and drapability differ significantly from the corresponding properties of natural leather, which is why such a material cannot be seen as a real substitute for natural leather.
- DE-AS 20 34 195 describes a process for the production of an artificial leather in which composite fibers with an embedding and an island component are combined to form a nonwoven fabric and are compacted in their spatial structure by needling, in which the nonwoven fabric thus obtained is first of all water-soluble , High polymer substance is impregnated, after which the embedding component is removed from the impregnated nonwoven fabric by treatment with its solvent. The bundles of the remaining island components are thereby freed from the bond by the water-soluble, highly polymeric substance, and the nonwoven fabric containing the bundles of the island components is impregnated and solidified with an elastic, highly polymeric substance.
- the water-soluble, highly polymeric substance is then washed out, the nonwoven fabric is cut into two pieces parallel to the surface, and the surface thus obtained is roughened with emery paper in order to obtain a uniform and dense pile.
- the process is complicated and complex in practical use. The required, substantial amounts of organic solvents are also difficult to remove and can cause a great environmental impact.
- the limits of the use of certain processes are determined by the narrowly specified properties of the products obtained. For example, these often have only very poor light fastness, a brittle handle and poor drapability in addition to unsatisfactory breathability and / or abrasion resistance. For example, an application as a cover material for a car seat or in relation to the manufacture of outer clothing is at least problematic in these cases.
- the invention has for its object to develop a method for producing a high quality non-woven synthetic leather, which overcomes the difficulties mentioned.
- the process is intended to enable high production rates when using the production facilities used in nonwoven fabric production and to lead to products which, with an attractive, suede-like appearance, are distinguished by a soft fall with good lightfastness, good breathability and good abrasion resistance.
- the products are said to be washable in a conventional household washing machine and to have the properties mentioned essentially unchanged after at least 50 washes at a temperature of 50.degree.
- they should also be resistant to all solvents used in dry cleaning, such as gasoline, perchlorethylene and fluorinated solvents.
- Claims 2 to 23 relate to advantageous embodiments.
- a fleece is first formed and compressed to a density of 0.15 to 0.45 g / cm 3 by intensive needling and shrinking.
- the fibers should consist of a hydrophobic material and have a titer of less than 2 dtex in order to obtain a fiber structure of the greatest possible fineness.
- the fiber gauge is limited downwards only by the availability or by the processability. Fiber titers of 0.2 to 1.7 dtex are preferred.
- the fibers can be combined into a flat structure using the customary methods, for example with the aid of a carding machine or a Rando-Webber.
- the length of the fibers should be at least 10 mm, advantageously at least 20 mm.
- the use of endless fibers is readily possible, but requires the use of an appropriate spinning device.
- the fibers should be combined to form the fleece without any particular directional preference, in order to avoid directional effects with regard to the elasticity of bending. Due to the intensive needling, they are rearranged to a considerable extent in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the fleece and swallowed up, which gives the fleece good inherent strength. Identical properties of both surfaces can be achieved by double-sided needling. Double-sided needling is also an advantage when it comes to neutral bending behavior in both directions.
- the diameter of the individual fibers can be identical or vary within the specified range. In the latter case, the conditions in natural leather are largely imitated and the result is a product with a leather-like case and handle.
- the fibers are said to be made of a hydrophobic material and, as a result, do not undergo any appreciable change in shape when exposed to moisture.
- the use of fibers made of polyamide and polyester has proven to be particularly suitable.
- the fibers are shrinkable.
- polyamide fibers and / or polyester fibers with a titer of 0.6 to 0.9 the most favorable properties are obtained when 20% polyester high-shrink fibers with a titer of 1.7 dtex are added.
- the fleece is impregnated with a binder, to which powdered barium sulfate and another substance is added, from which a gas is split off by the action of the acidified liquid while the binder coagulates.
- the gas bubbles forming within the fleece and the coagulating binder are mixed uniformly, whereby a loosely connected, open-pore binder structure is obtained within the fleece. In the real sense, this does not have great inherent stability, but it leads to an effective increase in the strength properties due to the incorporation into the narrow pore structure of the needled and shrunk fleece.
- the powdered barium sulfate is in these more or less loose association of fibers and binder foam-convened zo g s, and, by its uniform distribution over the entire cross section of the nonwoven fabric to stabilize the whole structure.
- the surface hardness is significantly increased, which favors the pile formation during the final smoothing.
- binders preferably elastomeric materials suspended in an aqueous carrier liquid. These are adjusted by adding appropriate sensitizing agents so that spontaneous coagulation occurs at the beginning of the action of the acidified liquid in parallel with the gas evolution that occurs. Coagulation may optionally by addition of salts that form polyvalent Icnen accelerated to the acidified liquid and / or intensified, for example Kalziumc h dichloride or aluminum sulfate.
- the binder is prevented from further displacement and is evenly distributed over the entire cross section. After the diffuse residual water has been removed, it is crosslinked by drying in the customary manner, preferably by temporary heating to a temperature of 120 to 170 ° C. Squeezing or squeezing out the diffuse residual water must be avoided under all circumstances.
- the nonwoven ground on one or both sides after consolidation can be further improved in its softness by intensive flexing stress.
- all known methods are suitable which are suitable for largely destroying the cohesion of the foam-like binder layer contained in the nonwoven. Only partially breaking this layer at a mutual distance of, for example, more than one centimeter leads only to an unsatisfactory result and, in particular, to a renewed increase in the bending strength within a few weeks.
- the acid residues, coagulation and dispersing agents still contained in the fleece can be removed in a subsequent washing process with clear water at a temperature of 50 C and, if necessary, re-Ver application.
- the appearance and properties of the finished non-woven synthetic leather can be further improved by applying finishing measures known per se.
- the delicacy of the appearance of the velor-like surface can be further increased, for example, by lightly sanding and then brushing.
- the dirt-repellent properties and the leather-like feel can be further improved by impregnation or spraying with a silicone or fluorinated organic compounds.
- the coloring of the non-woven synthetic leather can be carried out in accordance with the known rules in all desired process stages. In cases in which different types of fibers and possibly the binder react differently to certain dyes, it has proven advantageous to pre-dye the nonwoven not yet impregnated with the binder and to use a binder containing an appropriate pigment.
- the processing of the finest fibers can lead to difficulties in certain carding machines in certain cases.
- the strands consist only in part of shrinkable fibers, because in this case there is an automatic fibrillation and dissolution of the entire strand during the shrinking.
- Corresponding fibers are described for example in DE-CS 28 56 091.
- the shrinkage of the fibers should not result in any significant change in the thickness of the fleece.
- the proportion of shrink fibers should therefore not exceed the range of 20 to 30%.
- the shrinkage can be effected after the needling by heating the fleece, preferably by introducing the fleece into a liquid heated to a temperature of 50 to 99 ° C., for example in water.
- the nonwoven can be impregnated with a release agent, for example with a silicone or paraffin, in order to prevent the binder subsequently introduced from caking on the fibers. (Of course, shrinking and application of the release agent can also be carried out in separate work steps).
- the polyacrylates and, if appropriate, polyurethanes are particularly suitable for strengthening the nonwoven. These are used in suspended form and adjusted to a viscosity such that there is a dry absorption of the binder, which is identical to the weight of the impregnated fiber mass of the nonwoven including an allowable deviation of ⁇ 25%.
- the polyacrylate dispersion can be provided with an internal release agent in order to prevent the binder particles from sticking to one another during coagulation.
- the binding agent is thus present in the finished non-woven synthetic leather in the form of a so-called caviar structure.
- an internal release agent for example a silicone dispersion, does not lead to any appreciable deterioration in strength.
- a water-insoluble and / or a completely and / or a partially water-soluble carbonate is added to the nonwoven as a further substance.
- carbon dioxide gas is split off from this substance and causes a further loosening of the binder accumulation present in the interior of the nonwoven.
- breathability can be significantly improved. Solid substances have to be ground to ensure a fine and even distribution.
- Magnesium, calcium and / or barium carbonate in finely divided powder form are particularly suitable as water-insoluble carbonates.
- the insoluble substances have the advantage of a targeted attachment of the individual particle to the suspended binder particles, the water-soluble substances, on the other hand, have the advantage of better penetration of the needled and shrunk fleece, which has only very fine pores.
- the amount of carbonate added, based on the dry weight of the binder should be from 0.5 to 10%.
- the non-woven synthetic leather obtained is excellently suitable for critical applications, for example for the production of women's dresses, coats, jackets or the upholstery of car upholstery.
- the insensitivity to contamination in connection with the excellent breathability, softness, abrasion resistance and light fastness is of particular importance.
- the non-woven synthetic leather according to the invention thus combines numerous advantages of the highest quality level of natural leather with advantages that cannot be expected from natural products.
- aqueous liquid of the following composition:
- the wet pick-up after squeezing is 350%.
- the material is then dried at a temperature of 160 C and condensed.
- the material is sanded on both sides so that a thickness of 0.9 mm results.
- the material is then drummed intensively in a commercial cylinder walking machine for 2 hours at a flap pressure of 1.1 kp / cm 2 .
- the material is then washed and dyed with disperse dye in an HT dyeing machine at 130 ° C. and then impregnated wet-on-wet with commercially available stain protection equipment based on fluorocarbon.
- the fleece After needling, the fleece has a basis weight of 140 g / m 2 and a thickness of 1.05 mm.
- the needled nonwoven is treated with methylene chloride at 30 ° C., whereby the spontaneous shrinking process gives it a basis weight of 230 g / m 2 and a thickness of 1.15 mm. At the same time, fibrillation occurs.
- the shrunk fleece is now dyed in a HT dyeing machine with disperse dye.
- the material is then impregnated with an impregnation mixture of the following composition:
- the wet pick-up after squeezing is 310%.
- Coagulation occurs spontaneously while foaming.
- the material is then dried at a temperature of 130 ° C and condensed.
- the dried and condensed material is brought to a thickness of 0.95 mm by grinding on both sides.
- the ground material is drummed intensively in a cylinder walking machine for 3 hours at a flap pressure of 2.5 kp. Immediately afterwards, the material is washed in a jet washing machine and then impregnated with a cationic silicon dispersion in the exhaust process.
- the material is brought to a thickness of 0.90 mm by grinding on both sides, and the pile and luster are optimized by brushing.
- the material is extremely soft and drapable and is hardly distinguishable from real goatskin in appearance and grip. It is therefore particularly suitable for the manufacture of women's clothing. It has the advantage over the natural product that it can be washed as well as dry cleaned without any noticeable change in handle and appearance.
- a material is produced in the same way as in Example 2, with the only difference that no milling process is carried out.
- the fall coefficient is 46%.
- a material is produced in the same way as in Example 2, but with the difference that the following impregnation mixture is used:
- the fall coefficient for the material produced in this way is 53%.
- a material is produced in the same way as in Example 2, but with the difference that the following impregnation mixture is used:
- the fall coefficient is 70% for the material produced in this way.
- a material is produced in the same way as in Example 5, but with the difference that the impregnation of the dyed needle fleece with silicone is omitted.
- the fall coefficient is 77%.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vlieskunstleders, bei dem ein Vlies durch Zusammenfügen von Fasern auf trockenem Wege gebildet und durch eine Nadelung und durch Aktivierung von Schrumpfkräften in seiner Struktur verdichtet wird, bei dem ein Bindemittel mit einer wässrigen Trägerflüssigkeit eingebracht und das Vlies anschließend der Einwirkung einer angesäuerten Flüssigkeit ausgesetzt, getrocknet und fertigbehandelt wird.The invention relates to a method for producing a nonwoven synthetic leather, in which a nonwoven is formed by joining fibers together in a dry way and compacted in its structure by needling and by activating shrinking forces, in which a binder is introduced with an aqueous carrier liquid and the nonwoven is subsequently added exposed to an acidified liquid, dried and finished.
Ein solches Verfahren wird in DE-OS 19 17 457 beschrieben. Dabei wird das durch Nadeln verdichtete Vlies aus schrumpffähigen Polyvinyl-Alkohol-Fasern durch Eintauchen in erwärmtes Wasser einem Schrumpfungsprozeß unterworfen und nacheinander oder gleichzeitig mit einem wasserlöslichen Kunstharz und mit einer wässrigen Polyvinyl-Alkohol-Lösung behandelt. Der Polyvinyl-Alkchol wird anschließend koaguliert und beim Eintauchen des Vlieses in eine angesäuerte Formalin-Lösung vernetzt, während das wasserlösliche Kunstharz zumindest teilweise aus dem Vlies entfernt wird, was allerdings einen größeren Zeitaufwand erfordert. Eine zügige Durchführung des Verfahrens ist aus diesem Grunde nicht möglich, und es ergeben sich erhebliche Abwasserprobleme. Die erhaltenen Produkte zeichnen sich nur durch eine geringe mechanische Widerstandsfähigkeit aus und eignen sich nicht für höherwertige Anwendungen.Such a method is described in DE-OS 19 17 457. The needled nonwoven made of shrinkable polyvinyl alcohol fibers is subjected to a shrinking process by immersion in heated water and is treated successively or simultaneously with a water-soluble synthetic resin and with an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution. The polyvinyl alkchol is then coagulated and crosslinked when the nonwoven is immersed in an acidified formalin solution, while the water-soluble synthetic resin is at least partially removed from the nonwoven, which, however, requires more time. For this reason, it is not possible to carry out the process quickly and there are considerable wastewater problems. The products obtained are only characterized by a low mechanical resistance and are not suitable for higher quality applications.
In DE-OS 19 05 551 wird ein geschmeidiges, insbesondere als Rohmaterial für die Herstellung von Kunstleder geeignetes Plattenmaterial beschrieben, das aus einem genadelten und geschrumpften Vlies aus PVA-Fasern mit einem Titer von 0,5 bis 2,5 den besteht, deren Zwischenräume einen nicht an den Fasern haftenden, polymeren Füllstoff enthalten, der über die Zwischenräume zwischen den Fasern weitgehend zusammenhängt, sowie gegebenenfalls ein Schleifpulver. Dieses Material hat wegen seiner großen Feuchtigkeits-Absorptionsfähigkeit nur eine geringe Dimensionsbeständigkeit. Griff- und Drapierfähigkeit unterscheiden sich wesentlich von den entsprechenden Eigenschaften des natürlichen Leders, weshalb in einem solchen Material kein echter Ersatz für natürliches Leder gesehen werden kann.DE-OS 19 05 551 describes a supple plate material, particularly suitable as a raw material for the production of synthetic leather, which consists of a needled and shrunk fleece made of PVA fibers with a titer of 0.5 to 2.5 den, the spaces between them contain a polymeric filler that does not adhere to the fibers and is largely connected via the spaces between the fibers, and optionally an abrasive powder. This material has little dimensional stability due to its high moisture absorption capacity. Grip and drapability differ significantly from the corresponding properties of natural leather, which is why such a material cannot be seen as a real substitute for natural leather.
Aus DE-OS 28 56 091 sind genadelte und hitzeverschweißte Vliese aus Mehrkamponentenfsern des Matrix-Segment-Typs bekannt, die durch eine erwärmmgsbedingte Einschrunpfung der Matrix-Fasern zu Teilfasern mit einem Titer zwischen 0,1 und 20 dtex aufgespalten sind. Ein solches Flächengebilde weist nur eine geringe mechanische Festigkeit md keine lederähnlichen Eigenschaften auf.From DE-OS 28 56 091 needled and heat-welded nonwovens made of multi-component screens of the matrix segment type are known, which are caused by heat-induced shrinking of the matrix fibers to T eilfasern with a linear density between 0.1 and 20 are split dtex. Such a fabric has only a low mechanical strength and no leather-like properties.
In DE-AS 20 34 195 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kunstleders beschrieben, bei dem Verbundfasern mit einer Einbett- und einer Inselkonponente zu einem Vliesstoff vereinigt und durch eine Nadelung in ihrer Raumstruktur verdichtet werden, bei dem der so erhaltene Vliesstoff zunächst mit einer wasserlöslichen, hochpolymeren Substanz imprägniert wird, wonach die Einbettkomponente durch Behandlung mit ihrem Lösungsmittel aus dem imprägnierten Vliesstoff entfernt wird. Die Bündel der verbleibenden Inselkcmponenten werden dadurch aus der Bindung durch die wasserlösliche, hochpolymere Substanz befreit, und der die Bündel der Inselkomponenten enthaltende Vliesstoff wird mit einer elastischen, hochpolymeren Substanz imprägniert und verfestigt. Im Anschluß wird die wasserlösliche, hochpolynere Substanz ausgewaschen, der Vliesstoff wird parallel zur Cberfläche in zwei Stücke geschnitten, und .die so erhaltene Fläche mit Schmirgelpapier gerauht, um einen gleichmäßigen und dichten Flor zu erhalten. Das Verfahren ist kompliziert und aufwendig in der praktischen Anwendung. Die benötigten, erheblichen Mengen an organischen Lösungsmitteln lassen sich außerdem nur schwierig beseitigen, und können eine große Umweltbelastung bedingen.DE-AS 20 34 195 describes a process for the production of an artificial leather in which composite fibers with an embedding and an island component are combined to form a nonwoven fabric and are compacted in their spatial structure by needling, in which the nonwoven fabric thus obtained is first of all water-soluble , High polymer substance is impregnated, after which the embedding component is removed from the impregnated nonwoven fabric by treatment with its solvent. The bundles of the remaining island components are thereby freed from the bond by the water-soluble, highly polymeric substance, and the nonwoven fabric containing the bundles of the island components is impregnated and solidified with an elastic, highly polymeric substance. The water-soluble, highly polymeric substance is then washed out, the nonwoven fabric is cut into two pieces parallel to the surface, and the surface thus obtained is roughened with emery paper in order to obtain a uniform and dense pile. The process is complicated and complex in practical use. The required, substantial amounts of organic solvents are also difficult to remove and can cause a great environmental impact.
Es ergibt sich damit zusammenfassend, daß den aus dem Stande der Technik bekannten Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vlieskunstledern in der praktischen Anwendung enge Grenzen gesetzt sind. Diese bestehen einerseits vor allem darin, daß trotz der Verwendung von im übrigen in der Vliesstoffproduktion ungebräuchlichen bzw. unbrauchbaren, kostspieligen Anlagen nur sehr kleine Produktionsraten erzielt werden können. Dadurch kann die wirtschaftliche Anwendung entsprechender Verfahren gefährdet werden.In summary, it follows that the processes known from the prior art for producing nonwoven synthetic leather are subject to narrow limits in practical use. On the one hand, these consist primarily in the fact that, despite the use of expensive systems which are otherwise customary or unusable in nonwoven fabric production, only very low production rates can be achieved. This can jeopardize the economic application of appropriate procedures.
Andererseits werden-die Grenzen der Anwendung bestimmter Verfahren durch die eng spezifizierten Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Produkte bestimmt. Diese weisen beispielsweise häufig eine nur sehr schlechte Lichtechtheit auf, einen spröden Griff sowie eine schlechte Drapierfähigkeit neben einer unbefriedigenden Atmungsaktivität und/oder Abriebfestigkeit. Beispielsweise eine Anwendung als Bezugsstoff für einen Autositz oder in bezug auf die Her- stellung von Oberbekleidung ist in diesen Fällen zumindest problematisch.On the other hand, the limits of the use of certain processes are determined by the narrowly specified properties of the products obtained. For example, these often have only very poor light fastness, a brittle handle and poor drapability in addition to unsatisfactory breathability and / or abrasion resistance. For example, an application as a cover material for a car seat or in relation to the manufacture of outer clothing is at least problematic in these cases.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines hochwertigen Vlieskunstleders zu entwickeln, das die genannten Schwierigkeiten überwindet. Insbesondere soll das Verfahren bei Verwendung der in der Vliesstoffproduktion gebräuchlichen Produktionsanlagen hohe Produktionsraten ermöglichen sowie zu Produkten führen, die sich bei einem attraktiven, wildlederähnlichen Aussehen durch einen weichen Fall bei guter Lichtechtheit, guter Atmungsaktivität und guter Abriebbeständigkeit auszeichnen. Die Produkte sollen in einer üblichen Haushaltswaschmaschine was chbarsein und die genannten Eigenschaften nach wenigstens 50 Wäschen bei einer Temperatur von 50° C noch im wesentlichen unverändert aufweisen. Darüberminaus sollen sie auch beständig gegenüber allen in der Chemischreinigung verwendeten Lösungmitteln sein, wie Benzin, Perchloräthylen und fluorierten Lösungsmitteln.The invention has for its object to develop a method for producing a high quality non-woven synthetic leather, which overcomes the difficulties mentioned. In particular, the process is intended to enable high production rates when using the production facilities used in nonwoven fabric production and to lead to products which, with an attractive, suede-like appearance, are distinguished by a soft fall with good lightfastness, good breathability and good abrasion resistance. The products are said to be washable in a conventional household washing machine and to have the properties mentioned essentially unchanged after at least 50 washes at a temperature of 50.degree. In addition, they should also be resistant to all solvents used in dry cleaning, such as gasoline, perchlorethylene and fluorinated solvents.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Auf vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen nehmen die Ansprüche 2 bis 23 Bezug.This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned with the characterizing features of claim 1. Claims 2 to 23 relate to advantageous embodiments.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahren wird zunächst ein Vlies gebildet und durch intensives Nadeln und Schrumpfen auf ein Raumgewicht von 0,15 bis 0,45 g/cm3 verdichtet. Die Fasern sollen aus einem hydrophoben Werkstoff bestehen und einen Titer von weniger als 2 dtex haben, um eine Faserstruktur von möglichst großer Feinheit zu erhalten. Demgegenüber sind dem Faserdurdmesser nach unten lediglich durch die Verfügbarkeit bzw. durch die Verarbeitbarkeit Grenzen gesetzt. Fasertiter von 0,2 bis 1,7 dtex werden bevorzugt.In the method proposed according to the invention, a fleece is first formed and compressed to a density of 0.15 to 0.45 g / cm 3 by intensive needling and shrinking. The fibers should consist of a hydrophobic material and have a titer of less than 2 dtex in order to obtain a fiber structure of the greatest possible fineness. In contrast, the fiber gauge is limited downwards only by the availability or by the processability. Fiber titers of 0.2 to 1.7 dtex are preferred.
Die Fasern können nach den gebräuchlichen Methoden zu einem Flächengebilde vereint werden, beispielsweise unter Zuhilfenahme einer Krempelanlage oder eines Rando-Webbers. Die Länge der Fasern soll wenigstens 10 mm betragen, vorteilhaft wenigstens 20 mm. Die Verwendung von endlosen Fasern ist ohne weiteres möglich, setzt aber die Anwendung einer entsprechenden Spinneinrichtung voraus.The fibers can be combined into a flat structure using the customary methods, for example with the aid of a carding machine or a Rando-Webber. The length of the fibers should be at least 10 mm, advantageously at least 20 mm. The use of endless fibers is readily possible, but requires the use of an appropriate spinning device.
Die Fasern sollen ohne eine besondere Richtungsbevorzugung zu dem Vlies vereint werden, un Richtungseffekte hinsichtlich der Biegeelastizität zu vermeiden. Sie werden durch die intensive Nadelung zu einem erheblichen Teil in einer Richtung senkrecht zur Oberfläche des Vlieses umgelagert und miteinander verschlungen, wodurch das Vlies eine gute Eigenfestigkeit erhält. Identische Eigenschaften beider Oberflächen lassen sich durch beidseitiges Nadeln erzielen. Auch in bezug auf ein neutrales Biegeverhalten in beiden Richtungen ist ein beidseitiges Nadeln von Vorteil.The fibers should be combined to form the fleece without any particular directional preference, in order to avoid directional effects with regard to the elasticity of bending. Due to the intensive needling, they are rearranged to a considerable extent in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the fleece and swallowed up, which gives the fleece good inherent strength. Identical properties of both surfaces can be achieved by double-sided needling. Double-sided needling is also an advantage when it comes to neutral bending behavior in both directions.
Der Durchmesser der einzelnen Fasern kann identisch sein oder innerhalb des angegebenen Bereiches variieren. Im letztgenannten Falle werden die Verhältnisse im natürlichen Leder weitgehend imitiert und es resultiert ein Produkt mit besonders lederartig erscheinendem Fall und Griff.The diameter of the individual fibers can be identical or vary within the specified range. In the latter case, the conditions in natural leather are largely imitated and the result is a product with a leather-like case and handle.
Die Fasem sollen aus einem hydrophoben Werkstoff bestehen und erfahren dadurch bei einer Beaufschlagung mit Feuchtigkeit keine nennenswerte Formveränderung. Als besonders geeignet hat sich die Verwendung von Fasern aus Polyamid und Polyester erwiesen.The fibers are said to be made of a hydrophobic material and, as a result, do not undergo any appreciable change in shape when exposed to moisture. The use of fibers made of polyamide and polyester has proven to be particularly suitable.
Zur Verbesserung des gegenseitigen Zusammenhaltes der Fasern nach der Nadelung ist es erwünscht, daß zumindest ein Teil der Fasern schrumpffähig ist. Bei Verwendung von Polyamidfasern und/oder Polyesterfasern mit einem Titer von 0,6 bis 0,9 werden die günstigsten Eigenschaften erhalten bei Zumischung von 20 % Polyester-Hochschrumpffasern mit einem Titer vcn 1,7 dtex.To improve the mutual cohesion of the fibers after needling, it is desirable that at least some of the fibers are shrinkable. When using polyamide fibers and / or polyester fibers with a titer of 0.6 to 0.9, the most favorable properties are obtained when 20% polyester high-shrink fibers with a titer of 1.7 dtex are added.
Nach der Verdichtung wird das Vlies mit einem Bindemittel imprägniert, dem pulverförmiges Bariumsulfat und eine weitere Substanz zugesetzt ist, aus der sich durch die Einwirkung der angesäuerten Flüssigkeit ein Gas abspaltet, während das Bindemittel koaguliert. Die sich innerhalb des Vlieses bildenden Gasblasen und das koagulierende Bindemittel sind gleichmäßig durchmischt, wodurch eine lose zusammenhängende, offenporige Bindemittelstruktur innerhalb des Vlieses erhalten wird. Diese hat im eigentlichen Sinne keine große Eigenstabilität, führt aber durch die Einlagerung in die enge Porenstruktur des genadelten und geschrumpften Vlieses zu einer wirkungsvollen Steigerung der Festigkeitseigenschaften.After compaction, the fleece is impregnated with a binder, to which powdered barium sulfate and another substance is added, from which a gas is split off by the action of the acidified liquid while the binder coagulates. The gas bubbles forming within the fleece and the coagulating binder are mixed uniformly, whereby a loosely connected, open-pore binder structure is obtained within the fleece. In the real sense, this does not have great inherent stability, but it leads to an effective increase in the strength properties due to the incorporation into the narrow pore structure of the needled and shrunk fleece.
Das pulverförmige Bariumsulfat ist in diesen mehr oder weniger losen Verband aus Fasern und schaumförmigem Bindemittel einbe- zogen, und bewirkt durch seine gleichmäßige Verteilung über den gesamten Querschnitt des Vlieses eine Stabilisierung der gesamten Struktur. Die Cberflächenhärte erfährt neben einer Verminderung der Zusammendrückbarkeit des Querschnittes eine deutliche Steigerung, wodurch die Florbildung beim abschließenden Überschleifen begünstigt wird.The powdered barium sulfate is in these more or less loose association of fibers and binder foam-convened zo g s, and, by its uniform distribution over the entire cross section of the nonwoven fabric to stabilize the whole structure. In addition to a reduction in the compressibility of the cross-section, the surface hardness is significantly increased, which favors the pile formation during the final smoothing.
Als Bindemittel kommen ausschließlich elastisch nachgiebige Substanzen zur Anwendung, vorzugsweise in einer wässrigen Trägerflüssigkeit suspendierte, elastomere Werkstoffe. Diese werden durch Zugabe entsprechender Sensibilisierungsmittel so eingestellt, daß bei Beginn der Einwirkung der angesäuerten Flüssigkeit parallel zu der eintretenden Gasentwicklung eine spontane Koagulation eintritt. Die Koagulation kann gegebenenfalls durch Zugabe von Salzen, die mehrwertige Icnen bilden, zu der angesäuerten Flüssigkeit beschleunigt und/oder intensiviert werden, Wie z.B. Kalziumchlorid oder Aluminiumsulfat. Das Bindemittel wird dadurch an einer weiteren Verlagerung gehindert und ist gleichmäßig über den gesamten Querschnitt verteilt. Es wird nach der Entfernung des diffusen Restwassers durch Trocknung in üblicher Weise vernetzt, vorzugsweise durch eine vorübergehende Erwärmung auf eine Temperatur von 120 bis 170° C. Ein Abquetschen oder Auspressen des diffusen Restwassers muß unter allen Umständen vermieden werden.Only elastically flexible substances are used as binders, preferably elastomeric materials suspended in an aqueous carrier liquid. These are adjusted by adding appropriate sensitizing agents so that spontaneous coagulation occurs at the beginning of the action of the acidified liquid in parallel with the gas evolution that occurs. Coagulation may optionally by addition of salts that form polyvalent Icnen accelerated to the acidified liquid and / or intensified, for example Kalziumc h dichloride or aluminum sulfate. The binder is prevented from further displacement and is evenly distributed over the entire cross section. After the diffuse residual water has been removed, it is crosslinked by drying in the customary manner, preferably by temporary heating to a temperature of 120 to 170 ° C. Squeezing or squeezing out the diffuse residual water must be avoided under all circumstances.
Das nach der Verfestigung ein- oder beidseitig überschliffene Vlies läßt sich durch eine intensive Walkbeanspruchung in seiner Weichheit weiter verbessern. Geeignet sind diesbezüglich alle bekannten Verfahren, die geeignet sind, den Zusammenhalt der in dem Vlies enthaltenen, schaumförmigen Bindemittelschicht weitgehend zu zerstören. Ein nur teilweises Zerbrechen dieser Schicht in einem gegenseitigen Abstand von beispielsweise mshr als einem Zentimeter führt nur zu einem unbefriedigenden Ergebnis und insbesondere zu einem erneuten Ansteigen der Biegefestigkeit innerhalb weniger Wochen.The nonwoven ground on one or both sides after consolidation can be further improved in its softness by intensive flexing stress. In this regard, all known methods are suitable which are suitable for largely destroying the cohesion of the foam-like binder layer contained in the nonwoven. Only partially breaking this layer at a mutual distance of, for example, more than one centimeter leads only to an unsatisfactory result and, in particular, to a renewed increase in the bending strength within a few weeks.
Die in dem Vlies anschließend noch enthaltenen Säurereste, Koagulations- und Dispergierhilfsmittel können in einem anschließenden Waschvorgang mit klarem Wasser bei einer Temperatur von 50 C entfernt und gegebenenfalls einer erneuten Verwendung zugeführt werden. Nach der abschließenden Trocknung lassen sich das Aussehen und die Eigenschaften des fertigen Vlieskunstleders durch Anwendung an sich bekannter Veredelungsmaßnahmen weiter verbessern. Die Feinheit des Aussehens der velourartigen Oberfläche läßt sich beispielsweise durch leichtes Überschleifen und anschließendes Ausbürsten weiter erhöhen. Die schmutzabweisenden Eigenschaften und der lederartige Griff lassen sich durch Inprägnieren bzw. durch Einsprühen mit einem Silikon oder fluorierten organischen Verbindungen weiter verbessern.The acid residues, coagulation and dispersing agents still contained in the fleece can be removed in a subsequent washing process with clear water at a temperature of 50 C and, if necessary, re-Ver application. After the final drying, the appearance and properties of the finished non-woven synthetic leather can be further improved by applying finishing measures known per se. The delicacy of the appearance of the velor-like surface can be further increased, for example, by lightly sanding and then brushing. The dirt-repellent properties and the leather-like feel can be further improved by impregnation or spraying with a silicone or fluorinated organic compounds.
Die Einfärbung des Vlieskunstleders kann unter Beachtung der bekannten Regeln in allen gewünschten Verfahrensstufen vorgenomnen werden. In Fällen, in denen verschiedenartige Fasern und gegebenenfalls das Bindemittel unterschiedlich auf bestimmte Farbstoffe reagieren, hat es sich als vorteilhaft bewährt, das noch nicht mit dem Bindemittel imprägnierte Vlies vorzufärben und ein ein entsprechendes Pigment enthaltenes Bindemittel zu verwenden.The coloring of the non-woven synthetic leather can be carried out in accordance with the known rules in all desired process stages. In cases in which different types of fibers and possibly the binder react differently to certain dyes, it has proven advantageous to pre-dye the nonwoven not yet impregnated with the binder and to use a binder containing an appropriate pigment.
Die Verarbeitung feinster Fasern kann auf üblichen Krempelanlagen in bestimmten Fällen zu Schwierigkeiten führen. Für diese Fälle wird gemäß der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, die Fasern zur erleichterten Bildung des Vlieses zu Strängen aus mehreren Fasern zusammenzufassen und den Zusammenhalt der Stränge durch das Nadeln und/oder durch Schrumpfen wieder zu zerstören. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Stränge nur zu einem Teil aus schrumpffähigen Fasern bestehen, weil sich in diesem Falle während des Schrumpfens eine selbsttätige Fibrillierung und Auflösung des gesamten Stranges ergibt. Entsprechende Fasern werden beispielsweise in DE-CS 28 56 091 beschrieben.The processing of the finest fibers can lead to difficulties in certain carding machines in certain cases. For these cases, it is proposed according to the invention to combine the fibers in order to facilitate the formation of the nonwoven into strands of several fibers and to destroy the cohesion of the strands again by needling and / or by shrinking. It is particularly advantageous if the strands consist only in part of shrinkable fibers, because in this case there is an automatic fibrillation and dissolution of the entire strand during the shrinking. Corresponding fibers are described for example in DE-CS 28 56 091.
Durch die Schrumpfung der Fasern soll sich keine wesentliche Veränderung der Dicke des Vlieses ergeben. Der Anteil an Schrumpffasern soll deshalb den Bereich von 20 bis 30 % nicht überschreiten.The shrinkage of the fibers should not result in any significant change in the thickness of the fleece. The proportion of shrink fibers should therefore not exceed the range of 20 to 30%.
Die Schrumpfung kann im Anschluß an das Nadeln durch eine Erwärmung des Vlieses bewirkt werden, vorzugsweise durch Einbringen des Vlieses in eine auf eine Temperatur vcn 50 bis 99°C erwärmte Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise in Wasser. Dabei kann das Vlies zugleich mit einem Trennmittel imprägniert werden, beispielsweise mit einem Silikon oder Paraffin, um ein Anbacken des später eingebrachten Bindemittels an die Fasern zu verhindern. (Schrunpfen und Aufbringen des Trennmittels können selbstverständlich auch in getrennten Arbeitsgängen vorgenommen werden).The shrinkage can be effected after the needling by heating the fleece, preferably by introducing the fleece into a liquid heated to a temperature of 50 to 99 ° C., for example in water. At the same time, the nonwoven can be impregnated with a release agent, for example with a silicone or paraffin, in order to prevent the binder subsequently introduced from caking on the fibers. (Of course, shrinking and application of the release agent can also be carried out in separate work steps).
Von den zur Verfügung stehenden Bindemitteln auf elastomerer Basis sind zur Verfestigung des Vlieses vor allem die Polyacrylate geeignet sowie auch gegebenenfalls Polyurethane. Diese werden in suspendierter Form eingesetzt und auf eine solche Viskosität eingestellt, daß sich eine Trockenaufnahme des Bindemittels ergibt, die identisch ist mit dem Gewicht der inprägnierten Fasermasse des Vlieses einschließlich einer zulässigen Abweichung von± 25 %. Die Polyacrylatdispersion kann mit einem inneren Trennmittel versehen sein, um ein gegenseitiges Verkleben der Bindemittelpartikel während der Koagulation zu verhindern. Das Bindemittel liegt dadurch im fertigen Vlieskunstleder in Form einer sogenannten Kaviarstruktur vor. Überraschenderweise führt die Verwendung eines solchen inneren Trennmittels, beispielsweise einer Silikondispersion, nicht zu einer nennenswerten Verschlechterung der Festigkeit.Of the available binders on an elastomeric basis, the polyacrylates and, if appropriate, polyurethanes are particularly suitable for strengthening the nonwoven. These are used in suspended form and adjusted to a viscosity such that there is a dry absorption of the binder, which is identical to the weight of the impregnated fiber mass of the nonwoven including an allowable deviation of ± 25%. The polyacrylate dispersion can be provided with an internal release agent in order to prevent the binder particles from sticking to one another during coagulation. The binding agent is thus present in the finished non-woven synthetic leather in the form of a so-called caviar structure. Surprisingly, the use of such an internal release agent, for example a silicone dispersion, does not lead to any appreciable deterioration in strength.
Zusammen mit dem Bindemittel wird dem Vlies als weitere Substanz ein wasserunlösliches und/oder ein ganz und/oder ein teilweise wasserlösliches Carbonat zugesetzt. Aus dieser Substanz wird beim anschließenden Behandeln des Vlieses mit einer angesäuerten Flüssigkeit Kohlendioxydgas abgespalten und bewirkt eine weitere Auflockerung der im inneren des Vlieses vorliegenden Bindemittelzusammenlagerung. Neben einer Verbesserung der Weichheit läßt sich hierdurch die Atmungsaktivetät entscheidend verbessern. Feste Substanzen müssen fertiggemahlen werden, um eine feine und gleichmäßige Verteilung zu gewährleisten.Together with the binder, a water-insoluble and / or a completely and / or a partially water-soluble carbonate is added to the nonwoven as a further substance. During the subsequent treatment of the nonwoven with an acidified liquid, carbon dioxide gas is split off from this substance and causes a further loosening of the binder accumulation present in the interior of the nonwoven. In addition to an improvement in softness, breathability can be significantly improved. Solid substances have to be ground to ensure a fine and even distribution.
Als wasserunlösliche Carbonate konmen vor allem Magnesium-, Calcium- und/oder Bariumcarbonat in fein verteilter Pulverform in Betracht. Als teilweise wasserlösliches Carbonat Natrium-Bicarbonat, als wasserlösliches Natrium- und/oder Kaliumcarbonat. Die unlöslichen Substanzen haben den Vorteil einer gezielten Anlagerung des einzelnen Partikels an die suspendierten Bindemittelpartikel, die wasserlöslichen Substanzen hingegen den Vorteil einer besseren Durchdringung des nur sehr feine Poren aufweisenden, genadelten und geschrumpften Vlieses. Mengenmäßig soll der zugesetzte Carbonatanteil, bezogen auf das Trockengewicht des Bindemittels, von 0,5 bis 10 % betragen.Magnesium, calcium and / or barium carbonate in finely divided powder form are particularly suitable as water-insoluble carbonates. As partially water-soluble carbonate sodium bicarbonate, as water-soluble sodium and / or potassium carbonate. The insoluble substances have the advantage of a targeted attachment of the individual particle to the suspended binder particles, the water-soluble substances, on the other hand, have the advantage of better penetration of the needled and shrunk fleece, which has only very fine pores. The amount of carbonate added, based on the dry weight of the binder, should be from 0.5 to 10%.
In bezug auf eine dauerhafte und befriedigende Weichheit ist es von wesentlicher Bedeutung, daß das abschließende Walken des fertigen Produktes mit besonderer Intensität vorgenommen wird. Es wurde gefunden, daß hierfür am besten eine Zylinderwalkmaschine geeignet ist, von der das fertige Vlies gegen einen Klappendruck von 0,5 bis 5 kp in die zugehörige Stauchkammer eingepresst wird. Entsprechende Anlagen wurden bisher nicht für die Behandlung flächiger Textilprodukte aus synthetischen Fasern eingesetzt, bewirken jedoch überraschender Weise eine hochgradige Weichheit der behandelten Vlieskunstleder. Im Anschluß kann das Vlies gewaschen und in einem Spannrahmen geglättet werden, um die entstandenen Falten wieder zu beseitigen.With regard to lasting and satisfactory softness, it is essential that the final milling of the finished product be carried out with particular intensity. It has been found that a cylinder walking machine is best suited for this, from which the finished fleece is pressed into the associated stuffer box against a flap pressure of 0.5 to 5 kp. Corresponding systems have not previously been used for the treatment of flat textile products made of synthetic fibers, but surprisingly bring about a high degree of softness of the treated nonwoven synthetic leather. The fleece can then be washed and smoothed in a stenter to remove the wrinkles.
Griff, Aussehen und Empfindlichkeit lassen sich durch abschließendes, feines Überschleifen, Bürsten und Behandlung mit den üblichen Textilausrüstungsmitteln im gewünschten Maße verbessern, beispielsweise in Anpassung an bestimmte Verwendungszwecke. In jedem Falle ist das erhaltene Vlieskunstleder ausgezeichnet geeignet für kritische Anwendungsfälle, beispielsweise für die Herstellung von Damenkleidern, Mänteln, Jacken oder die Bezüge von Autopolstern. Für alle diese Anwendungsfälle ist die Vers chmutzungsunempfindli chkeit in Verbindung mit der ausgezeichneten Atmungsaktivetät, Weichheit, Abriebfestigkeit und Lichtechtheit von besonderer Bedeutung. Das erfindungsgemäße Vlieskunstleder vereint insofern in sich zahlreiche Vorteile der höchsten Qualitätsstufe natürlichen Leders mit Vorteilen, die von Naturprodukten nicht erwartet werden können.Handle, appearance and sensitivity can be improved to the desired extent by final, fine grinding, brushing and treatment with the usual textile finishing agents, for example to adapt them to specific uses. In any case, the non-woven synthetic leather obtained is excellently suitable for critical applications, for example for the production of women's dresses, coats, jackets or the upholstery of car upholstery. For all of these use cases the insensitivity to contamination in connection with the excellent breathability, softness, abrasion resistance and light fastness is of particular importance. The non-woven synthetic leather according to the invention thus combines numerous advantages of the highest quality level of natural leather with advantages that cannot be expected from natural products.
Anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele wird die Erfindung näher erläutert:The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following examples:
Mit Hilfe von Krempeln und Querlegern wurde ein multidirektionales Vlies aus der folgenden Faserzusammensetzung gelegt:
- 20 % Hochschrumpf-polyester 1,7 dtex/51 mm
- 80 % Polyester 0,9 dtex/38 mm
und anschließend durch Nadeln auf eine Dichte von 0,13 g/cm2 und eine Dicke von 1 mm gebracht. Anschließend wird das Vlies in eine auf 95° erwärmte Paraffindispersion gebracht, die einen Paraffingehalt von 5 % aufweist. Das Vlies schrumpft spontan um linear 19 %, die Dicke erhöht sich um 10 % auf 1,1 mm. Dies entspricht einer Zunahme der Dichte des Faservlieses auf 0,21 g/cm2. Das Vlies wird nach dem Schrumpfen auf eine Naßaufnahme von 200 % abgequetscht und getrocknet.With the help of cards and cross layers, a multidirectional fleece was made from the following fiber composition:
- 20% high shrink polyester 1.7 dtex / 51 mm
- 80% polyester 0.9 dtex / 38 mm
and then brought to a density of 0.13 g / cm 2 and a thickness of 1 mm by needling. The fleece is then brought into a paraffin dispersion heated to 95 °, which has a paraffin content of 5%. The fleece spontaneously shrinks by linear 19%, the thickness increases by 10% to 1.1 mm. This corresponds to an increase in the density of the nonwoven fabric to 0.21 g / cm 2 . After shrinking, the fleece is squeezed to a wet absorption of 200% and dried.
Anschließend wird das Material mit einer wässrigen Flüssigkeit folgender Zusammensetzung imprägniert:
Die Naßaufnahne nich dem Abquetschen beträgt 350 %.The wet pick-up after squeezing is 350%.
Das imprägnierte und abgequetschte Material wird in ein Fällbad gebracht, das aus einer Lösung von
- 2 % Maleinsäure und
- 3 % Aluminiumsulfat
- 2% maleic acid and
- 3% aluminum sulfate
in Wasser besteht, das eine Temperatur von 90° C aufweist. Unter Aufschäumen tritt spontan die Koagulation ein.consists of water at a temperature of 90 ° C. Coagulation occurs spontaneously while foaming.
Anschließend wird das Material bei einer Tenperatur von 160 C getrocknet und kondensiert.The material is then dried at a temperature of 160 C and condensed.
Im nächsten Schritt wird das Material beidseitig so geschliffen, daß eine Dicke von 0,9 mm resultiert.In the next step, the material is sanded on both sides so that a thickness of 0.9 mm results.
Anschließend wird das Material in einer handelsüblichen Zylinderwalkmaschine 2 Stunden bei einem Klappendruck von 1,1 kp/cm2 intensiv gewalkt.The material is then drummed intensively in a commercial cylinder walking machine for 2 hours at a flap pressure of 1.1 kp / cm 2 .
Das Material wird nun gewaschen und mit Dispersionsfarbstoff in einem HT-Färbeapparat bei 130° C gefärbt und anschließend naß-in-naß mit einer handelsüblichen Fleckschutzausrüstung auf Fluorkohlenstoff-Basis inprägniert.The material is then washed and dyed with disperse dye in an HT dyeing machine at 130 ° C. and then impregnated wet-on-wet with commercially available stain protection equipment based on fluorocarbon.
Anschließend wird in einem Spannrahmen bei 110 C getrocknet. Zum Abschluß wird das Material nochmals einseitig-überschliffen, wobei es eine Dicke von 0,8 mm erhält, und auf der nachgeschliffenen Seite gebürstet.Then it is dried in a stenter at 110 ° C. Finally, the material is ground on one side again, giving it a thickness of 0.8 mm, and brushed on the re-ground side.
Man erhält ein sehr weiches, drapierfähiges Material mit einem angenehmen Lüster und einer hohen Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit, das sich besonders für die Anwendung in Automobil-Polstern eignet.This gives a very soft, it drapierfähi g of material with a pleasant luster and a high water vapor permeability, which is particularly suitable for use in automotive upholstery.
Mit Hilfe von Krempeln und Querlegern wird ein multidirektionales Vlies gebildet und durch Nadeln verfestigt, das zu 100 % aus Stapelfasern des folgenden. Typs besteht:
- Matrix-Segment-Faser vom Titer 1,8 dtex/40 mm aus 80 Gew. % PES-Hochschrumpf (6 Secgmente) und 20 Gew. % Nylon 6 (Matrix), gemäß OS 28 56 091.
- Matrix segment fiber with a titer of 1.8 dtex / 40 mm made of 80% by weight PES high shrinkage (6 Securities) and 20% by weight nylon 6 (matrix), in accordance with OS 28 56 091.
Das Vlies hat nach dem Nadeln ein Flächengewicht von 140 g/m2 und eine Dicke von 1,05 mm.After needling, the fleece has a basis weight of 140 g / m 2 and a thickness of 1.05 mm.
Das genadelte Vlies wird mit Methylenchlorid bei 30° C behandelt, wobei es durch den spontanen Schrumpfprozeß ein Flächengewicht von 230 g/m2 und eine Dicke von 1,15 mm erhält. Gleichzeitig tritt die Fibrillierung ein.The needled nonwoven is treated with methylene chloride at 30 ° C., whereby the spontaneous shrinking process gives it a basis weight of 230 g / m 2 and a thickness of 1.15 mm. At the same time, fibrillation occurs.
Das geschrumpfte Vlies wird nun in einem HT-Färbeapparat mit Dispersionsfarbstoff gefärbt.The shrunk fleece is now dyed in a HT dyeing machine with disperse dye.
Anschließend wird naß-in-naß mit einer Silikonöl-Emulsion inprägniert und getrocknet, so daß das gefärbte Nadelvlies eine Silikonauflage von 5 Gew. % erhält.It is then impregnated wet-on-wet with a silicone oil emulsion and dried, so that the dyed needle fleece has a silicone coating of 5% by weight.
Anschließend wird das Material mit einer Imprägniermischung folgender Zusammensetzung getränkt:
Die Naßaufnahme nach dem Abquetschen beträgt 310 %.The wet pick-up after squeezing is 310%.
Das imprägnierte und abgequetschte Material wird in ein Fällbad gebracht, das aus einer Lösung von
- 2 % Maleinsäure und
- 4 % Calcimchlorid in
- 2% maleic acid and
- 4% calcim chloride in
Wasser besteht, die eine Tenperatur von 96° aufweist.Water exists, which has a temperature of 96 °.
Unter Aufschäumen tritt spontan die Koagulation ein.Coagulation occurs spontaneously while foaming.
Anschließend wird das Material bei einer Temperatur von 130° C getrocknet und kondensiert.The material is then dried at a temperature of 130 ° C and condensed.
Das getrocknete und kondensierte Material wird durch beidseitiges Schleifen auf eine Dicke von 0,95 mm gebracht.The dried and condensed material is brought to a thickness of 0.95 mm by grinding on both sides.
Das geschliffene Material wird in einer Zylinderwalkmaschine 3 Stunden bei einem Klappendruck von 2,5 kp intensiv gewalkt. Sofort anschließend wird das Material in einer Düsenwaschmaschin gewaschen und dann im Ausziehverfahren mit einer kationischen Silikcndispersion imprägniert.The ground material is drummed intensively in a cylinder walking machine for 3 hours at a flap pressure of 2.5 kp. Immediately afterwards, the material is washed in a jet washing machine and then impregnated with a cationic silicon dispersion in the exhaust process.
Nun wird das Material im Spannrahmen bei 110 C getrocknet.Now the material is dried in the stenter at 110 ° C.
Schließlich wird das Material durch beidseitiges Überschleifen auf eine Dicke von 0,90 mm gebracht, und durch Bürsten werden Flor und Lüster optimiert.Finally, the material is brought to a thickness of 0.90 mm by grinding on both sides, and the pile and luster are optimized by brushing.
Das Material ist extrem weich und drapierfähig und ist in Aussehen und Griff von echtem Ziegenleder kaum zu unterscheiden. Es eignet sich daher ganz besonders für die Herstellung von Damenbekleodimg. Es hat gegenüber dem Naturprodukt den Vorteil, daß es ohne merkliche Veränderung in Griff und Aussehen sowohl gewaschen als auch chemisch gereinigt werden kann.The material is extremely soft and drapable and is hardly distinguishable from real goatskin in appearance and grip. It is therefore particularly suitable for the manufacture of women's clothing. It has the advantage over the natural product that it can be washed as well as dry cleaned without any noticeable change in handle and appearance.
Die Bestimmung des Fallvermögens nach DIN 54 306-79 ergibt einen Fallkoeffizienten von 39 %.The determination of the falling power according to DIN 54 306-79 results in a falling coefficient of 39%.
Es wird ein Material in gleicher Weise hergestellt wie in Beispiel 2, mit dem einzigen Unterschied, daß kein Walkprozeß durchgeführt wird.A material is produced in the same way as in Example 2, with the only difference that no milling process is carried out.
Der Fallkoeffizient beträgt 46 %.The fall coefficient is 46%.
Es wird ein Material in gleicher Weise hergestellt wie in Beispiel 2, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, daß die folgende Imprägniermischung verwendet wird:
Der Fallkoeffizient beträgt bei dem so hergestellten Material 53 %.The fall coefficient for the material produced in this way is 53%.
Es wird ein Material in gleicher Weise hergestellt wie in Beispiel 2, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, daß die folgende Imprägniermischung verwendet wird:
Der Fallkceffizient beträgt bei dem so hergestellten Material 70 %.The fall coefficient is 70% for the material produced in this way.
Es wird ein Material in gleicher Weise hergestellt wie in Beispiel 5, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, daß die Imprägnierung des gefärbten Nadelvlieses mit Silikon entfällt.A material is produced in the same way as in Example 5, but with the difference that the impregnation of the dyed needle fleece with silicone is omitted.
Der Fallkceffizient beträgt 77 %.The fall coefficient is 77%.
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81105370T ATE12406T1 (en) | 1981-07-10 | 1981-07-10 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A NON-WOVEN ARTIFICIAL LEATHER. |
| EP81105370A EP0069788B1 (en) | 1981-07-10 | 1981-07-10 | Process for producing a synthetic-leather web |
| DE8181105370T DE3169532D1 (en) | 1981-07-10 | 1981-07-10 | Process for producing a synthetic-leather web |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81105370A EP0069788B1 (en) | 1981-07-10 | 1981-07-10 | Process for producing a synthetic-leather web |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0069788A1 true EP0069788A1 (en) | 1983-01-19 |
| EP0069788B1 EP0069788B1 (en) | 1985-03-27 |
Family
ID=8187812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81105370A Expired EP0069788B1 (en) | 1981-07-10 | 1981-07-10 | Process for producing a synthetic-leather web |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0069788B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE12406T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3169532D1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2817564A1 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2002-06-07 | Rhodia Performance Fibres | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A TEXTILE SURFACE AND SURFACE OBTAINED |
| DE102018123447A1 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-26 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Use of a nonwoven fabric for the production of a whale lining |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1146473B (en) * | 1958-07-03 | 1963-04-04 | Du Pont | Pliable, microporous, water vapor permeable, non-woven, flat structures such as leather substitutes and artificial suede, as well as processes for the production of these structures |
| DE1635529A1 (en) * | 1967-11-11 | 1971-10-07 | Kalle Ag | Process for the production of flat textile composites |
| DE2337912A1 (en) * | 1973-07-26 | 1975-02-20 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Leather substitute from non-woven material - with adhesive enriched progressively from one face giving light coating only to external fibres |
| FR2245810A1 (en) * | 1973-07-31 | 1975-04-25 | Kuraray Co | Soft synthetic leather prodn. - by impregnating a specific polyester web with a polyurethane |
| GB2065732A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-07-01 | Akzo Nv | Suede-like sheet-form material |
-
1981
- 1981-07-10 EP EP81105370A patent/EP0069788B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-10 DE DE8181105370T patent/DE3169532D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-10 AT AT81105370T patent/ATE12406T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1146473B (en) * | 1958-07-03 | 1963-04-04 | Du Pont | Pliable, microporous, water vapor permeable, non-woven, flat structures such as leather substitutes and artificial suede, as well as processes for the production of these structures |
| DE1635529A1 (en) * | 1967-11-11 | 1971-10-07 | Kalle Ag | Process for the production of flat textile composites |
| DE2337912A1 (en) * | 1973-07-26 | 1975-02-20 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Leather substitute from non-woven material - with adhesive enriched progressively from one face giving light coating only to external fibres |
| FR2245810A1 (en) * | 1973-07-31 | 1975-04-25 | Kuraray Co | Soft synthetic leather prodn. - by impregnating a specific polyester web with a polyurethane |
| GB2065732A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-07-01 | Akzo Nv | Suede-like sheet-form material |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2817564A1 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2002-06-07 | Rhodia Performance Fibres | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A TEXTILE SURFACE AND SURFACE OBTAINED |
| WO2002046521A1 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2002-06-13 | Rhodia Performances Fibres | Method for making a textile surface and resulting surface |
| DE102018123447A1 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-26 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Use of a nonwoven fabric for the production of a whale lining |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0069788B1 (en) | 1985-03-27 |
| DE3169532D1 (en) | 1985-05-02 |
| ATE12406T1 (en) | 1985-04-15 |
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