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EP0068527B1 - Process for obtaining oil from minerals that contain oil - Google Patents

Process for obtaining oil from minerals that contain oil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0068527B1
EP0068527B1 EP82200577A EP82200577A EP0068527B1 EP 0068527 B1 EP0068527 B1 EP 0068527B1 EP 82200577 A EP82200577 A EP 82200577A EP 82200577 A EP82200577 A EP 82200577A EP 0068527 B1 EP0068527 B1 EP 0068527B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gases
oil
zone
layer
retorting
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EP82200577A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0068527A1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Dipl.-Ing. Magedanz
Horst Dipl.-Ing. Seidel
Hans Jürgen Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Ing. Weiss
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GEA Group AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the extraction of oil from oil-containing minerals by smoldering on a traveling grate, with the abandonment of a loading bed consisting of a layer of oil-containing mineral and a layer of smeared and burned mineral, in which, after the smoldering, existing solid carbon with ignition and suction of oxygen-containing gases was burned, heating of gases in the smoldering zone when passing through the layer of the burned mineral to the temperature required for smoldering and heating of the layer of oily mineral to the smoldering temperature by the heated gases when passing through this layer, separating oil from the the carbonization gases containing carbonization products in a separation stage.
  • Oily minerals such as oil sand, diatomaceous earth and in particular oil shale are thermally treated on moving grates to extract their oil content.
  • hot gases are passed through the bed and the bed is heated to the smoldering temperature of around 400 to 600 ° C.
  • the hot gases are either neutral or reducing, so that the smoldering takes place in the absence of oxygen.
  • various gases and vapors are created from the organic components.
  • the oils are condensed out of the carbonization gases.
  • the gas leaving the condensation still contains non-condensable carbonization gases.
  • the desulfurized residue on the traveling grate contains solid carbon as a smoldering product. This carbon must be burned for reasons of thermal economy and the heat generated in this process must be used for the process.
  • the upper layer When the bed is thrown off the traveling grate, the upper layer is peeled off from the lower layer, which charges the solid carbon-containing lower layer onto the second moving grate, ignites there on the surface and burns the carbon by sucking in air. Before being dropped, the fired material is further heated by additional heating and then charged to the first traveling grate after being dropped. A partial stream of the carbonization gases is removed after passing through the cooling zone.
  • the disadvantages of this method are that two traveling grates are required, and that even if the upper layer is peeled off, it cannot be avoided that either carbon-containing material is thrown away with the upper layer or material from the upper layer with the lower layer is charged onto the second moving grate .
  • the partial flow of the carbonization gases after the cooling zone contains a relatively high dust content.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid these disadvantages and to enable the heating of oil-containing minerals by means of the heat content of a hot layer of fired material on a traveling grate in an economical manner.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that, after the combustion of solid carbon, burned mineral accumulated as an underlayer is charged onto the traveling grate and onto this layer of oil-containing mineral as an upper layer, inert or reducing gases are pressed from below through the loading bed in the smoldering zone, the gases are heated as they pass through the hot lower layer and as they pass through the upper layer cause the smoldering, the carbonization gases emerging from the smoldering zone are freed of oil in the separation stage, in a combustion zone adjoining the smoldering zone, the solid carbon in the surface of the upper layer by means of an ignition furnace ignited and then the combustion zone is passed through the upper layer while sucking in oxygen-containing gases, the amount of oxygen-sucked-in gases is controlled in such a way that the bed is burned to the maximum possible by burning solid carbon e temperature is brought, and from the bed thrown off the traveling grate the burned material for the lower layer is separated and returned.
  • the bed can be thrown off the moving grate in the hot state without cooling, or it can be cooled on the moving grate in a cooling zone adjoining the combustion zone by means of cooling gases which are passed through. A precise separation of the upper and lower layers after the drop is not necessary.
  • a preferred embodiment consists in that a partial flow of the oil-freed gases from the separation stage is returned as carbonization gases to the carbonization stage. Since the gases emerging from the separation stage still contain the non-condensable smoldering products that arise during the smoldering process, the recycle results in a gas with a high calorific value.
  • a preferred embodiment consists in that the underlayer on the traveling grate is heated in a heating zone before the top layer is fed in by means of hot oxidizing gases.
  • the amount of heat required for the smoldering in the smoldering zone can be introduced into the lower layer if the amount of heat contained in the lower layer is not sufficient to achieve the smoldering temperature in the upper layer, or if the interlayer is recycled cold.
  • the remaining heat content of the oxidizing gases after the underlayer has been heated can be used to preheat the oil-containing mineral, the gases introduced into the smoldering zone or other gases.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the exhaust gases from the combustion zone are used as the hot oxidizing gases. This enables the heat of the exhaust gas from the combustion zone to be used in the process.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the exhaust gases are heated up before entering the heating zone.
  • the partial stream of the gases freed from the oil, which is removed after the separation stage, and whose combustible components are burned, can be used. External heat can also be used or added.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the gases introduced into the smoldering zone are set into oscillating vibrations. As a result, the amount of gas required for smoldering and thus also the amount of smoldering gases can be kept smaller.
  • a preferred embodiment consists in that the bed is thrown off the moving grate hot and the material for the lower layer is returned in the hot state.
  • the hot return results in a particularly good utilization of the heat generated in the process.
  • a preferred embodiment consists in that the hot material which is not returned is cooled in a separate cooler by means of air passed through it. As a result, the material can be cooled to the temperature required for removal in a simple manner.
  • a preferred embodiment consists in that the heated cooling air is used for drying and preheating oil-containing mineral and / or for heating gases introduced into the process.
  • the gases introduced into the process can consist of the gases introduced into the smoldering zone, into the ignition furnace or into the heating for the oxidizing gases for the heating zone.
  • the invention is illustrated by the figure.
  • Recycled, fired material 1 is charged as an underlayer 2 onto the traveling grate 3 and heated to the necessary temperature in the heating zone 4, and oily material 5 is charged onto the hot underlayer 2 as an upper layer 6.
  • the loading bed is successively transported through the smoldering zone 7 and the combustion zone 8.
  • a gas hood 9 is located above the smoldering zone 7 and wind boxes 10 are arranged below it. Wind boxes 11 are arranged under the combustion zone 8.
  • a gas hood 12 is located above the heating zone 4 and wind boxes 13 are arranged below it.
  • the ignition furnace 14 is arranged at the beginning of the combustion zone 8. Oil which has been freed from oil and recycled gases are passed via line 15 and wind boxes 10 into the smoldering zone 7 and heated in the lower layer 2.
  • the hot exhaust gases are passed into the manifold 20.
  • the entire exhaust gas or a partial stream is fed into the heater 22 via line 21.
  • the heated gas is passed via line 25 and gas hood 12 into the heating zone 4 and discharged via wind box 13 and line 26.
  • the entire exhaust gas goes via line 27 into the gas cleaning 28 and then into the chimney 29.
  • valves 30 are arranged for regulating the gas quantities.
  • the loading bed is moved from the traveling grate 1 into the separation station 31 thrown off and the upper and lower layers 6, 2 are separated from one another. A precise separation is not necessary.
  • the hot, fired material of the top layer is returned via a plate belt 32.
  • the remaining hot material is charged into a separate cooler 33, cooled there by means of cooling air 34 and transported away via 35.
  • the heated cooling air is passed via lines 36 into a preheating stage 37, in which over 35 introduced oil-containing mineral is preheated.
  • a partial flow of the oil-freed gases is removed from the separation stage 17 via line 38.
  • This gas which contains non-condensable carbonization products, can be passed as a fuel carrier via line 39 into the ignition furnace 14 and / or as a fuel carrier via line 23 into the heater 22.
  • the heat of the gas emerging from the heating zone 4 and discharged via line 26 can be used for preheating the oil-containing mineral in the preheating stage 37, for heating the recirculated, oil-free gas in line 15 before entering the smoldering zone 7, via lines 24 and 23 in the heater 22 and the gases passed through line 39 into the ignition furnace.
  • the lines and heat exchangers required for this are not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the advantages of the invention are that the carbonization and combustion of the solid carbon can be carried out in a technically simple manner with the return of the burned material as heat transfer, since no exact separation of the two layers after shedding is necessary so that the heat generated in the process is optimally utilized and a gas with a high calorific value is produced.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Öl aus ölhaltigen Mineralien durch Schwelung auf einem Wanderrost, unter Aufgabe eines Beschickungsbettes aus einer Schicht von ölhaltigem Mineral und einer Schicht von geschweltem und gebranntem Mineral, in dem nach der Schwelung vorhandener fester Kohlenstoff unter Zündung und Durchsaugen von sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen verbrannt wurde, Aufheizung von Gasen in der Schwelzone beim Durchgang durch die Schicht des gebrannten Minerals auf die zur Schwelung erforderliche Temperatur und Aufheizung der Schicht von ölhaltigem Mineral auf die Schweltemperatur durch die aufgeheizten Gase beim Durchgang durch diese Schicht, Abscheidung von Öl aus den die Schwelprodukte enthaltenden Schwelgasen in einer Abscheidestufe.The invention relates to a process for the extraction of oil from oil-containing minerals by smoldering on a traveling grate, with the abandonment of a loading bed consisting of a layer of oil-containing mineral and a layer of smeared and burned mineral, in which, after the smoldering, existing solid carbon with ignition and suction of oxygen-containing gases was burned, heating of gases in the smoldering zone when passing through the layer of the burned mineral to the temperature required for smoldering and heating of the layer of oily mineral to the smoldering temperature by the heated gases when passing through this layer, separating oil from the the carbonization gases containing carbonization products in a separation stage.

Ölhaltige Mineralien wie Ölsand, Diatomeenerde und insbesondere Ölschiefer werden zur Gewinnung ihres Ölgehaltes auf Wanderrosten thermisch behandelt. In der Schwelzone werden heisse Gase durch das Bett geleitet und das Bett dabei auf die Schweltemperatur von etwa 400 bis 600° C aufgeheizt. Die heissen Gase sind entweder neutral oder reduzierend, so dass die Schwelung in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff erfolgt. Bei der Schwelung entstehen aus den organischen Bestandteilen verschiedene Gase und Dämpfe. Aus den Schwelgasen werden die Öle auskondensiert. Das die Kondensation verlassende Gas enthält noch nichtkondensierbare Schwelgase. Der abgeschwelte Rückstand auf dem Wanderrost enthält festen Kohlenstoff als Schwelprodukt. Dieser Kohlenstoff muss aus wärmeökonomischen Gründen verbrannt werden und die dabei erzeugte Wärme für das Verfahren ausgenutzt werden.Oily minerals such as oil sand, diatomaceous earth and in particular oil shale are thermally treated on moving grates to extract their oil content. In the smoldering zone, hot gases are passed through the bed and the bed is heated to the smoldering temperature of around 400 to 600 ° C. The hot gases are either neutral or reducing, so that the smoldering takes place in the absence of oxygen. During the smoldering process, various gases and vapors are created from the organic components. The oils are condensed out of the carbonization gases. The gas leaving the condensation still contains non-condensable carbonization gases. The desulfurized residue on the traveling grate contains solid carbon as a smoldering product. This carbon must be burned for reasons of thermal economy and the heat generated in this process must be used for the process.

Aus der US-PS Nr. 4039427 ist es bekannt, das Verfahren auf zwei Wanderrosten durchzuführen, wobei auf dem ersten Wanderrost die Schwelung und auf dem zweiten Wanderrost die Verbrennung des festen Kohlenstoffs erfolgt. Gemäss einer Ausführung wird auf den ersten Wanderrost als Unterschicht des Beschickungsbettes der frische Ölschiefer und darauf als Oberschicht das gebrannte, heisse Material von dem zweiten Wanderrost chargiert. Die aus der Abscheidestufe für das Öl austretenden Schwelgase werden in der Kühlzone des ersten Wanderrostes von unten durch das Bett geleitet, dabei aufgeheizt und in der Schwelzone von oben nach unten durch das Bett geführt. Dabei werden sie in der heissen Oberschicht weiter aufgeheizt und bringen die Unterschicht auf die erforderliche Schweltemperatur. Anschliessend werden die Schwelgase in die Abscheidestufe geleitet. Beim Abwurf des Bettes vom Wanderrost wird die Oberschicht von der Unterschicht abgeschält, die den festen Kohlenstoff enthaltende Unterschicht auf den zweiten Wanderrost chargiert, dort an der Oberfläche gezündet und der Kohlenstoff unter Hindurchsaugen von Luft verbrannt. Vor dem Abwurf wird das gebrannte Material durch eine Zusatzbeheizung noch weiter aufgeheizt und dann nach dem Abwurf auf den ersten Wanderrost chargiert. Ein Teilstrom der Schwelgase wird nach dem Durchgang durch die Kühlzone abgeführt. Die Nachteile dieses Verfahrens bestehen darin, dass zwei Wanderroste erforderlich sind, und dass selbst bei einem aufwendigen Abschälen der Oberschicht nicht vermieden werden kann, dass entweder kohlenstoffhaltiges Material mit der Oberschicht weggeworfen wird oder Material aus der Oberschicht mit der Unterschicht auf den zweiten Wanderrost chargiert wird. Ausserdem enthält der abgeführte Teilstrom der Schwelgase nach der Kühlzone einen relativ hohen Staubgehalt.From US-PS No. 4039427 it is known to carry out the method on two traveling grates, the smoldering on the first traveling grate and the combustion of the solid carbon on the second traveling grate. According to one embodiment, the fresh oil shale is charged onto the first traveling grate as the lower layer of the loading bed and the burned hot material is then charged from the second traveling grate as the upper layer. The carbonization gases escaping from the oil separation stage are passed through the bed from below in the cooling zone of the first moving grate, heated up and passed through the bed in the carbonization zone from top to bottom. They are heated further in the hot upper layer and bring the lower layer to the required smoldering temperature. The carbonization gases are then passed to the separation stage. When the bed is thrown off the traveling grate, the upper layer is peeled off from the lower layer, which charges the solid carbon-containing lower layer onto the second moving grate, ignites there on the surface and burns the carbon by sucking in air. Before being dropped, the fired material is further heated by additional heating and then charged to the first traveling grate after being dropped. A partial stream of the carbonization gases is removed after passing through the cooling zone. The disadvantages of this method are that two traveling grates are required, and that even if the upper layer is peeled off, it cannot be avoided that either carbon-containing material is thrown away with the upper layer or material from the upper layer with the lower layer is charged onto the second moving grate . In addition, the partial flow of the carbonization gases after the cooling zone contains a relatively high dust content.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und die Aufheizung ölhaltiger Mineralien mittels des Wärmeinhaltes einer heissen Schicht von gebranntem Material auf einen Wanderrost in wirtschaftlicher Weise zu ermöglichen.The invention has for its object to avoid these disadvantages and to enable the heating of oil-containing minerals by means of the heat content of a hot layer of fired material on a traveling grate in an economical manner.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäss dadurch, dass nach der Verbrennung von festem Kohlenstoff anfallendes gebranntes Mineral als Unterschicht auf den Wanderrost und auf diese Schicht ölhaltiges Mineral als Oberschicht chargiertwird, in der Schwelzone inerte oder reduzierende Gase von unten durch das Beschickungsbett gedrückt werden, die Gase beim Durchgang durch die heisse Unterschicht aufgeheizt werden und beim Durchgang durch die Oberschicht die Schwelung bewirken, die aus der Schwelzone austretenden Schwelgase in der Abscheidestufe von Öl befreit werden, in einer an die Schwelzone anschliessenden Verbrennungszone der feste Kohlenstoff in der Oberfläche der Oberschicht mittels eines Zündofens gezündet und anschliessend die Brennzone unter Hindurchsaugen von sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen durch die Oberschicht geführt wird, die Menge der durchgesaugten sauerstoffhaltigen Gase so gesteuert wird, dass durch die Verbrennung von festem Kohlenstoff das Bett auf die maximal mögliche Temperatur gebracht wird, und aus dem vom Wanderrost abgeworfenen Bett das gebrannte Material für die Unterschicht abgetrennt und zurückgeführt wird.This object is achieved according to the invention in that, after the combustion of solid carbon, burned mineral accumulated as an underlayer is charged onto the traveling grate and onto this layer of oil-containing mineral as an upper layer, inert or reducing gases are pressed from below through the loading bed in the smoldering zone, the gases are heated as they pass through the hot lower layer and as they pass through the upper layer cause the smoldering, the carbonization gases emerging from the smoldering zone are freed of oil in the separation stage, in a combustion zone adjoining the smoldering zone, the solid carbon in the surface of the upper layer by means of an ignition furnace ignited and then the combustion zone is passed through the upper layer while sucking in oxygen-containing gases, the amount of oxygen-sucked-in gases is controlled in such a way that the bed is burned to the maximum possible by burning solid carbon e temperature is brought, and from the bed thrown off the traveling grate the burned material for the lower layer is separated and returned.

In der Schwelzone erfolgt praktisch eine vollständige Schwelung. Als inerte oder reduzierende Gase können von Öl befreite Gase aus der Abscheidestufe oder Fremdgase verwendet werden. Die Verbrennung des festen Kohlenstoffs in der Verbrennungszone wird so gesteuert, dass eine möglichst hohe Temperatur im Bett und damit auch in den Abgasen entsteht. Dies geschieht durch eine Regelung der Menge der durchgesaugten sauerstoffhaltigen Gase, die im allgemeinen aus Luft bestehen. Die Gasmenge wird so lange gesteigert, bis das Temperaturmaximum der Abgastemperatur erreicht ist. Dies ist die optimale Gasmenge. Wenn ein Abfall der Abgastemperatur eintritt, ist die optimale Gasmenge überschritten. Dabei wird bewusst in Kauf genommen, dass in manchen Fällen keine vollständige Verbrennung des festen Kohlenstoffs erfolgt. Insbesondere bei grossen Körnen kann es nämlich vorteilhafter sein, nur den festen Kohlenstoff zu verbrennen, der in den äusseren Teilen der Körner vorliegt, und auf die Verbrennung des Kohlenstoffs im Inneren der Körner zu verzichten. Zur Zündung des festen Kohlenstoffs in der Verbrennungszone kann ein Teil . des aus der Abscheidestufe abgeführte Gases verwendet werden, dessen nicht kondensierbare, brennbare Schwelprodukte dabei verbrannt werden. Nach der Verbrennungszone kann das Bett ohne Kühlung im heissen Zustand vom Wanderrost abgeworfen werden, oder es kann in einer an die Verbrennungszone anschliessenden Kühlzone auf dem Wanderrost mittels durchgeleiteter Kühlgase gekühlt werden. Eine genaue Trennung von Ober- und Unterschicht nach dem Abwurf ist nicht erforderlich.In the smoldering zone there is practically complete smoldering. Gases freed from oil from the separation stage or foreign gases can be used as inert or reducing gases. The combustion of the solid carbon in the combustion zone is controlled in such a way that the highest possible temperature in the bed and thus also in the exhaust gases. This is done by regulating the amount of oxygen-containing gases drawn through, which generally consist of air. The amount of gas is increased until the temperature maximum of the exhaust gas temperature is reached. This is the optimal amount of gas. If the exhaust gas temperature drops, the optimum amount of gas is exceeded. It is consciously accepted that in some cases there is no complete combustion of the solid carbon. In particular, in the case of large grains, it may be more advantageous to burn only the solid carbon present in the outer parts of the grains and on to avoid burning the carbon inside the grains. A part can be used to ignite the solid carbon in the combustion zone. of the gas discharged from the separation stage are used, the non-condensable, combustible smoldering products thereof being burned. After the combustion zone, the bed can be thrown off the moving grate in the hot state without cooling, or it can be cooled on the moving grate in a cooling zone adjoining the combustion zone by means of cooling gases which are passed through. A precise separation of the upper and lower layers after the drop is not necessary.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass ein Teilstrom der von Öl befreiten Gase aus der Abscheidestufe als Schwelgase in die Schwelstufe zurückgeleitet wird. Da die aus der Abscheidestufe austretenden Gase noch die bei der Schwelung entstehenden nicht kondensierbaren Schwelprodukte enthalten, entsteht durch die Rückführung ein Gas mit hohem Heizwert.A preferred embodiment consists in that a partial flow of the oil-freed gases from the separation stage is returned as carbonization gases to the carbonization stage. Since the gases emerging from the separation stage still contain the non-condensable smoldering products that arise during the smoldering process, the recycle results in a gas with a high calorific value.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass die Unterschicht auf dem Wanderrost in einer Aufheizzone vor der Aufgabe der Oberschicht mittels heisser oxidierender Gase aufgeheiztwird. Dadurch kann in einfacher Weise die für die Schwelung in der Schwelzone erforderliche Wärmemenge in die Unterschicht eingebracht werden, wenn die in der Unterschicht enthaltene Wärmemenge nicht zur Erzielung der Schweltemperatur in der Oberschicht ausreicht, oder wenn die Interschicht kalt zurückgeführt wird. Der restliche Wärmeinhalt der oxidierenden Gase nach der Aufheizung der Unterschicht kann zur Vorwärmung des ölhaltigen Minerals, der in die Schwelzone geleiteten Gase oder anderer Gase verwendet werden.A preferred embodiment consists in that the underlayer on the traveling grate is heated in a heating zone before the top layer is fed in by means of hot oxidizing gases. As a result, the amount of heat required for the smoldering in the smoldering zone can be introduced into the lower layer if the amount of heat contained in the lower layer is not sufficient to achieve the smoldering temperature in the upper layer, or if the interlayer is recycled cold. The remaining heat content of the oxidizing gases after the underlayer has been heated can be used to preheat the oil-containing mineral, the gases introduced into the smoldering zone or other gases.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass als heisse oxidierende Gase die Abgase der Verbrennungszone verwendet werden. Dadurch kann die Wärme des Abgases der Verbrennungszone im Prozess ausgenutzt werden.A preferred embodiment is that the exhaust gases from the combustion zone are used as the hot oxidizing gases. This enables the heat of the exhaust gas from the combustion zone to be used in the process.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass die Abgase vor dem Eintritt in die Aufheizzone aufgeheizt werden. Für die Aufheizung des Abgases kann der nach der Abscheidestufe abgeführte Teilstrom der vom Öl befreiten Gase verwendet werden, dessen brennbare Bestandteile dabei verbrannt werden. Es kann auch Fremdwärme verwendet oder zugesetzt werden.A preferred embodiment is that the exhaust gases are heated up before entering the heating zone. For the heating of the exhaust gas, the partial stream of the gases freed from the oil, which is removed after the separation stage, and whose combustible components are burned, can be used. External heat can also be used or added.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass die in die Schwelzone eingeleiteten Gase in oszillierende Schwingungen versetzt werden. Dadurch kann die für die Schwelung erforderliche Gasmenge und damit auch die Menge der Schwelgase kleiner gehalten werden.A preferred embodiment is that the gases introduced into the smoldering zone are set into oscillating vibrations. As a result, the amount of gas required for smoldering and thus also the amount of smoldering gases can be kept smaller.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass das Bett heiss vom Wanderrost abgeworfen wird und das Material für die Unterschicht im heissen Zustand zurückgeführt wird. Die heisse Rückführung ergibt eine besonders gute Ausnutzung der im Prozess anfallenden Wärme.A preferred embodiment consists in that the bed is thrown off the moving grate hot and the material for the lower layer is returned in the hot state. The hot return results in a particularly good utilization of the heat generated in the process.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass das nicht zurückgeführte heisse Material in einem separaten Kühler mittels hindurchgeleiteter Luft gekühlt wird. Dadurch kann das Material in einfacher Weise auf die zum Abtransport erforderliche Temperatur abgekühlt werden.A preferred embodiment consists in that the hot material which is not returned is cooled in a separate cooler by means of air passed through it. As a result, the material can be cooled to the temperature required for removal in a simple manner.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass die aufgeheizte Kühlluft zur Trocknung und Vorwärmung von ölhatigem Mineral und/oder zur Aufheizung von in den Prozess eingeführten Gasen verwendet wird. Die in den Prozess eingeführten Gase können bestehen aus den in die Schwelzone, den in den Zündofen oder den in die Aufheizung für die oxidierenden Gase für die Aufheizzone eingeleiteten Gasen.A preferred embodiment consists in that the heated cooling air is used for drying and preheating oil-containing mineral and / or for heating gases introduced into the process. The gases introduced into the process can consist of the gases introduced into the smoldering zone, into the ignition furnace or into the heating for the oxidizing gases for the heating zone.

Die Erfindung wird an Hand der Figur näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the figure.

Rückgeführtes, gebranntes Material 1 wird als Unterschicht 2 auf den Wanderrost 3 chargiert und in der Aufheizzone 4 auf die notwendige Temperatur aufgeheizt, auf die heisse Unterschicht 2 wird ölhaltiges Material 5 als Oberschicht 6 chargiert. Das Beschickungsbett wird nacheinander durch die Schwelzone 7 und Verbrennungszone 8 transportiert. Über der Schwelzone 7 ist eine Gashaube 9 und darunter sind Windkästen 10 angeordnet. Unter der Verbrennungszone 8 sind Windkästen 11 angeordnet. Über der Aufheizzone 4 ist eine Gashaube 12 und darunter sind Windkästen 13 angeordnet. Am Anfang der Verbrennungszone 8 ist der Zündofen 14 angeordnet. Über Leitung 15 und Windkästen 10 werden von Öl befreite, rückgeführte Gase in die Schwelzone 7 geleitet und in der Unterschicht 2 aufgeheizt. Beim Durchgang durch die Oberschicht 6 heizen diese Gase das ölhaltige Material auf die gewünschte Schweltemperatur auf. Die die Schwelprodukte enthaltenden Schwelgase werden aus der Gashaube 9 über Leitung 16 in die Abscheidestufe 17 geleitet. Dort wird das Öl abgeschieden und über Leitung 18 abgeführt. Ein Teilstrom der von Öl befreiten Gase wird zurückgeleitet und über Leitung 15 wieder in die Schwelzone 7 geführt. Beim Eintritt des Beschickungsbettes in die Verbrennungszone 8 wird des feste Kohlenstoff in der Oberfläche der abgeschwelten Oberschicht 6 unter dem Zündofen 14 gezündet. Anschliessend wird Luft 19 durch das Beschickungsbett in die Windkästen 11 gesaugt und dabei die Brennzone durch die Oberschicht 6 von oben nach unten geführt. Die Menge der Luft 19 wird so geregelt, dass das Beschickungsbett am Ende der Verbrennungszone die maximale mögliche Temperatur aufweist. Damit haben dann auch die Abgase die maximale mögliche Temperatur. Die heissen Abgase werden in die Sammelleitung 20 geleitet. Über Leitung 21 wird das gesamte Abgas oder ein Teilstrom in den Aufheizer 22 geleitet. Dort wir über Leitung 23 Brennstoff und über Leitung 24 zusätzliche Verbrennungslufteingeleitet und durch Verbrennung das Gas aufgeheizt. Das aufgeheizte Gas wird über Leitung 25 und Gashaube 12 in die Aufheizzone 4 geleitet und über Windkasten 13 und Leitung 26 abgeführt. Das gesamte Abgas geht über Leitung 27 in die Gasreinigung 28 und dann in den Kamin 29. In Leitungen 20 und 21 sind Ventile 30 zur Regelung der Gasmengen angeordnet. Das Beschickungsbett wird vom Wanderrost 1 in die Trennstation 31 abgeworfen und dabei werden Ober- und Unterschicht 6, 2 voneinander getrennt. Eine genaue Trennung ist nicht erforderlich. Das heisse, gebrannte Material der Oberschicht wird über ein Plattenband 32 zurückgeführt. Das restliche heisse Material wird in einen separaten Kühler 33 chargiert, dort mittels Kühlluft 34 gekühlt und über 35 abtransportiert. Die erwärmte Kühlluft wird über Leitungen 36 in eine Vorwärmstufe 37 geleitet, in der über 35 herangeführtes ölhaltiges Mineral vorgewärmt wird. Aus der Abscheidestufe 17 wird ein Teilstrom der von Öl befreiten Gase über Leitung 38 abgeführt. Dieses Gas, das nicht kondensierbare Schwelprodukte enthält, kann als Brennstoffträger über Leitung 39 in den Zündofen 14 und/ oder als Brennstoffträger über Leitung 23 in den Aufheizer 22 geleitet werden. Die Wärme des aus der Aufheizzone 4 austretenden und über Leitung 26 abgeführten Gases kann zur Vorwärmung des ölhaltigen Minerals in der Vorwärmstufe 37, zur Aufheizung des rückgeführten, von Öl befreiten Gas in Leitung 15 vor dem Eintritt in die Schwelzone 7, der über Leitungen 24 und 23 in den Aufheizer 22 geführten Gase und der über Leitung 39 in den Zündofen geleiteten Gase verwendet werden. Die dazu notwendigen Leitungen und Wärmeaustauscher sind aus gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt.Recycled, fired material 1 is charged as an underlayer 2 onto the traveling grate 3 and heated to the necessary temperature in the heating zone 4, and oily material 5 is charged onto the hot underlayer 2 as an upper layer 6. The loading bed is successively transported through the smoldering zone 7 and the combustion zone 8. A gas hood 9 is located above the smoldering zone 7 and wind boxes 10 are arranged below it. Wind boxes 11 are arranged under the combustion zone 8. A gas hood 12 is located above the heating zone 4 and wind boxes 13 are arranged below it. The ignition furnace 14 is arranged at the beginning of the combustion zone 8. Oil which has been freed from oil and recycled gases are passed via line 15 and wind boxes 10 into the smoldering zone 7 and heated in the lower layer 2. When passing through the upper layer 6, these gases heat the oil-containing material to the desired smoldering temperature. The carbonization gases containing the carbonization products are passed from the gas hood 9 via line 16 into the separation stage 17. There the oil is separated and discharged via line 18. A partial flow of the gases freed from oil is returned and led back into the smoldering zone 7 via line 15. When the feed bed enters the combustion zone 8, the solid carbon is ignited in the surface of the top layer 6 that has been burned off under the ignition furnace 14. Air 19 is then sucked through the loading bed into the wind boxes 11 and the combustion zone is guided through the top layer 6 from top to bottom. The amount of air 19 is regulated so that the loading bed has the maximum possible temperature at the end of the combustion zone. This means that the exhaust gases also have the maximum possible temperature. The hot exhaust gases are passed into the manifold 20. The entire exhaust gas or a partial stream is fed into the heater 22 via line 21. There we introduce fuel via line 23 and additional combustion air via line 24 and the gas is heated by combustion. The heated gas is passed via line 25 and gas hood 12 into the heating zone 4 and discharged via wind box 13 and line 26. The entire exhaust gas goes via line 27 into the gas cleaning 28 and then into the chimney 29. In lines 20 and 21 valves 30 are arranged for regulating the gas quantities. The loading bed is moved from the traveling grate 1 into the separation station 31 thrown off and the upper and lower layers 6, 2 are separated from one another. A precise separation is not necessary. The hot, fired material of the top layer is returned via a plate belt 32. The remaining hot material is charged into a separate cooler 33, cooled there by means of cooling air 34 and transported away via 35. The heated cooling air is passed via lines 36 into a preheating stage 37, in which over 35 introduced oil-containing mineral is preheated. A partial flow of the oil-freed gases is removed from the separation stage 17 via line 38. This gas, which contains non-condensable carbonization products, can be passed as a fuel carrier via line 39 into the ignition furnace 14 and / or as a fuel carrier via line 23 into the heater 22. The heat of the gas emerging from the heating zone 4 and discharged via line 26 can be used for preheating the oil-containing mineral in the preheating stage 37, for heating the recirculated, oil-free gas in line 15 before entering the smoldering zone 7, via lines 24 and 23 in the heater 22 and the gases passed through line 39 into the ignition furnace. The lines and heat exchangers required for this are not shown for reasons of clarity.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen darin, dass die Schwelung und Verbrennung des festen Kohlenstoffs unter Rückführung von gebranntem Material als Wärmeüberträger in technisch einfacher Weise erfolgen kann, da keine genaue Trennung der beiden Schichten nach Abwurf erforderlich ist, dass die im Prozess anfallende Wärme optimal ausgenutzt wird und ein Gas mit hohem Heizwert anfällt.The advantages of the invention are that the carbonization and combustion of the solid carbon can be carried out in a technically simple manner with the return of the burned material as heat transfer, since no exact separation of the two layers after shedding is necessary so that the heat generated in the process is optimally utilized and a gas with a high calorific value is produced.

Es ist möglich, auch Mineralien wärmeautark zu verarbeiten, die nach der Schwelung geringere Mengen an festem Kohlenstoff enthalten, bzw. die erforderliche Menge an Fremdenergie wird verringert, oder es fällt mehr überschüssige Wärme an.It is also possible to process minerals that contain less solid carbon after the smoldering process, the required amount of external energy is reduced, or there is more excess heat.

Claims (9)

1. A process of recovering oil from oil-containing minerals by retorting on a traveling grate, wherein a bed is charged, which consists of a layer of oil-containing mineral and a layer of retorted and burnt material, which has been left after solid carbon present in the bed after the retorting has been burnt with ignition and a flow of oxygen- containing gases sucked through, gases are heated in the retorting zone to the temperature required for retorting as they pass through the layer of the burnt mineral, the layer of oil-containing mineral is heated to the retorting temperature by the heated-up gases as they flow through said layer, and oil is separated in a separating stage from the retort gases which contain the retorting products, characterized in that burnt material which becomes available after the combustion of solid carbon is charged onto the traveling grate to form a bottom layer and oil-containing mineral is charged onto said layer to form a top layer, inert or reducing gases are forced through the charge bed from below in the retorting zone and are heated as they flow through the hot bottom layer and effect retorting as they pass through the top layer, the retort gases leaving the retorting zone are passed through the separating stage to remove the oil from said gases, the solid carbon in the surface of the top layer is ignited by means of an ignition furnace in a combustion zone, which succeeds the retorting zone, the burning zone is thereafter caused to move through the top layer as oxygen- containing gases are sucked through the top layer at such a controlled rate that the bed is heated to the highest possible temperature by the combustion of solid carbon, and burnt material is removed from the bed discharged from the traveling grate and is recycled to form the bottom layer.
2. A process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a partial stream of the gases from which oil has been removed are recycled from the separating stage as retort gases into the retorting zone.
3. A process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bottom layer on the traveling grate is heated by means of hot oxidizing gases in a heating zone before the top layer is charged.
4. A process according to Claim 3, characterized in that the exhaust gases from the combustion zone are used as hot oxidizing gases.
5. A process according to Claim 4, characterized in that the exhaust gases are heated before they enter the heating zone.
6. A process according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that vibration is imparted to the gases fed to the retorting zone.
7. A process according to any of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the bed is discharged from the traveling grate in a hot state and the material for the bottom layer is recycled in a hot state.
8. A process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the hot material which is not recycled is cooled in a separate cooler by means of air passed through the material.
9. A process according to Claim 8, characterized in that the cooling air which has been heated is used to dry and preheat oil-containing mineral and/or to heat gases fed to the process.
EP82200577A 1981-06-19 1982-05-11 Process for obtaining oil from minerals that contain oil Expired EP0068527B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3124146 1981-06-19
DE19813124146 DE3124146A1 (en) 1981-06-19 1981-06-19 METHOD FOR PRODUCING OIL FROM OIL-BASED MINERALS

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EP0068527A1 EP0068527A1 (en) 1983-01-05
EP0068527B1 true EP0068527B1 (en) 1984-08-01

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EP (1) EP0068527B1 (en)
AU (1) AU545711B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1175769A (en)
DE (2) DE3124146A1 (en)
IN (1) IN152328B (en)
ZA (1) ZA823289B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4039427A (en) * 1975-12-29 1977-08-02 Mcdowell-Wellman Engineering Company Process for retorting oil shale

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EP0068527A1 (en) 1983-01-05
ZA823289B (en) 1983-03-30
AU8499782A (en) 1982-12-23
CA1175769A (en) 1984-10-09
AU545711B2 (en) 1985-07-25
DE3124146A1 (en) 1982-12-30
DE3260496D1 (en) 1984-09-06
IN152328B (en) 1983-12-17

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