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EP0057372A1 - Plancher creux - Google Patents

Plancher creux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0057372A1
EP0057372A1 EP82100352A EP82100352A EP0057372A1 EP 0057372 A1 EP0057372 A1 EP 0057372A1 EP 82100352 A EP82100352 A EP 82100352A EP 82100352 A EP82100352 A EP 82100352A EP 0057372 A1 EP0057372 A1 EP 0057372A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floor
support feet
sub
hollow
hollow floor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82100352A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0057372B1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Radtke
György Dipl.-Ing. Borbely
Sebald Dipl.-Ing. Pallhorn
Erich Dipl.-Volkswirt Höllfritsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cessione norina Bautechnik - E - Goldbach Gmb GmbH
Original Assignee
Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6123946&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0057372(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH and Co KG filed Critical Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH and Co KG
Priority to AT82100352T priority Critical patent/ATE12804T1/de
Publication of EP0057372A1 publication Critical patent/EP0057372A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0057372B1 publication Critical patent/EP0057372B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/024—Sectional false floors, e.g. computer floors
    • E04F15/02405—Floor panels
    • E04F15/02417—Floor panels made of box-like elements
    • E04F15/02423—Floor panels made of box-like elements filled with core material
    • E04F15/02429—Floor panels made of box-like elements filled with core material the core material hardening after application
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/12—Flooring or floor layers made of masses in situ, e.g. seamless magnesite floors, terrazzo gypsum floors
    • E04F15/123—Lost formworks for producing hollow floor screed layers, e.g. for receiving installations, ducts, cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hollow floor with an upper floor resting on support feet on a sub-floor and forming a cavity with the sub-floor, and to a method for producing the hollow floor and a surface material for carrying out the method.
  • a known hollow floor (DE-OS 23 07 815) consists of an underbody covered with a thermal insulation layer and an upper floor arranged at a distance above the thermal insulation layer and composed of plates.
  • the top floor panels rest on the underbody with height-adjustable supports. Warm air is fed into the hollow floor for heating purposes in order to achieve indirect underfloor heating. The space is heated by the heat conduction of the panels forming the top floor.
  • the sub-floor which usually consists of raw concrete, usually has an uneven surface, the unevenness of which is compensated for by the height-adjustable support feet.
  • the support feet must be adjusted individually so that the slab forming the top floor is uniformly leveled. This adjustment work on the support feet is time consuming.
  • the height adjustable feet are also expensive.
  • Another disadvantage of the known hollow floor is that the plates are only supported at the corner points, so that the plates must have a high level of stability and load-bearing capacity.
  • the cavity forms an overall open space in which the air spreads out without any channeling or air routing taking place. As a result, different flow velocities form in the cavity, e.g. in the corner areas the air flow is much lower than on the direct route between the air inlet and the air outlet.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a hollow floor of the type mentioned, the construction and manufacture are simpler than in the known hollow floor and which enables better heat transfer from the air to the top floor.
  • the invention provides that the support feet are firmly molded onto the top floor.
  • D a is the support feet as well as the upper bottom of good thermal conductivity material, for example of concrete or screed, they contribute to increased introduction of heat with at.
  • the arrangement of the support feet under the top shelf is independent of any panel size and is not limited to the corner areas of panels. The span between two support feet can therefore be made considerably smaller, so that the requirements for the tensile and bending strength of the material of the top floor are reduced. Because the number or area of the support feet per unit area can be made relatively large and the arrangement of the support feet can be freely selected, the support feet can also be used for channeling the air, so that the main mass of the air is guided along defined paths . This can be done by making the flow resistances in the cavity larger in a preferred direction than in the transverse direction by the support feet.
  • the numerous support feet also swirl the air, which improves the heat transfer from the air to the mass of the upper floor, including the support feet.
  • the support feet of the hollow floor contain integrated packing elements which, depending on the type, contribute to increasing or decreasing the heat storage.
  • These fillers can consist of a bulk material, such as rolled gravel or metal grains, which adapts to the shape of the formwork of the support feet or from prefabricated blocks which determine the shape of the support feet or with shape. Such fillers also prevent troughs from forming after the upper floor is poured as a result of shrinking processes.
  • a hollow floor often contains cables, hose lines or other lines that have to be laid below the top floor. If the cavities of the cavity floor have a low height, it can be difficult to subsequently insert these lines and either advance them within the cavity floor or to pull them through the cavity floor by means of a pull cable previously introduced.
  • the support feet there is always the risk that the line to be laid in the hollow floor rubs or jams on the support feet so that the insertion of the line is hindered.
  • the support feet have a smooth coating in the hollow floor. This smooth coating can consist of a foil made of metal or plastic or of another smooth coating. It reduces the friction with the lines to be inserted into the hollow floor.
  • the sub-floor has a smooth coating.
  • This smooth coating preferably consists of a relative hard pressure distribution layer, which is arranged on a relatively soft insulation layer.
  • the insulation layer is used for heat and sound insulation. It consists of a soft material, such as foam or fiberglass panels. This soft material, which provides good thermal insulation and soundproofing downwards, has a relatively soft surface. It is therefore covered with the pressure distribution layer on which the feet of the top floor stand. The pressure of the feet is distributed over the pressure distribution layer and a larger area of the insulation layer, so that it does not suffer any local impressions.
  • the pressure distribution layer is provided with holes for sound absorption.
  • the airborne sound penetrates through the holes into the insulation layer and is absorbed in it. In this way, multiple reflections of the airborne sound in the cavity are avoided.
  • At least some of the support feet have a coating of a heat-reflecting material.
  • This heat reflective material can simultaneously form the smooth surface mentioned above, but it also has a thermal function.
  • the heating of the hollow floor is greatest at the entry points of the hot air into the hollow floor and lowest at the points remote from the entry point.
  • the cavity of the hollow floor is provided with a heat-reflecting coating in those areas in which the heat transfer is to be reduced, which prevents that too much heat is emitted by radiation to the top floor.
  • This heat reflecting layer need not be limited to the support feet, but can generally be used as a separating surface between the cavities and the top floor. Because some areas of the hollow floor have such a heat reflecting layer and other areas do not have this heat reflecting layer, the surface heat emitted by the hollow floor is distributed in a controlled manner.
  • the peripheral walls of the support feet meet the sub-floor essentially perpendicularly.
  • the circumferential walls of the support feet continuously widening upwards, merge into the horizontal top floor without kinks.
  • the vault-like design of the cavities also has advantages for pulling cables and lines into the hollow floor because there are no flat surfaces on which a line jam could occur. The free end of an inserted line is always guided by a rounded surface when it is pushed.
  • the vaulted structure of the cavities is that because of the good static load-bearing capacity, the greatest possible usable space height of the cavities is achieved with a relatively low thickness of the top floor.
  • the vaulted structure also has a sound-absorbing effect. An airborne sound generated in the hollow floor is broken on the walls of the vault by a variety of different reflection angles and finally swallowed up by the sub-floor.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a hollow floor of the type mentioned.
  • This method consists in that a formwork is placed on the sub-floor from a profiled surface material which essentially adapts to the contour of the sub-floor, which is then covered with a plastic mass which after hardening forms the top floor and the support feet.
  • the material from which the formwork is made is so flexible and supple that it adapts to any unevenness in the sub-floor when exposed to screed.
  • This surface material is covered with the plastic mass, which not only fills the bulges of the surface material, which are directed downwards and later form the support feet, but also forms the top floor.
  • the leveling is carried out on the surface of the top floor and not on the support feet supporting the top floor. This eliminates the leveling work otherwise required.
  • the formwork consisting of the sheet material prevents the flowable mass from penetrating. You must therefore have such a tightness that they the bottom of the top and the outside of the Support feet form without a substantial amount of the flowable mass getting into the cavity formed between the surface material and the sub-floor.
  • the flowable mass preferably consists of a self-leveling suspension which automatically forms an exactly horizontal and smooth surface. However, the flowable mass. Can also have a paste-like consistency, which, however, requires mechanical smoothing.
  • the surface material remains like a lost formwork on the top floor and the support feet, it forms a coating on the wall of the cavity. If such an insulating layer is not desired, it can be provided in an advantageous development of the method according to the invention when using a surface material made of a thermoplastic plastic film that after the plastic mass has hardened, the plastic film is shrunk, melted or burned by heating. This hot air only needs to be passed through the cavity and its temperature must be chosen high enough to cause the plastic film to shrink or melt. The plastic film detaches itself from the walls of the top floor and the support feet, so that its remnants either settle loosely on the sub-floor or in the case of shrinkage, form a layer covering the sub-floor.
  • the cavity through which the air is later passed for heating or cooling purposes is then between the remnants of the plastic film and the underside of the top floor, so that the air comes into direct contact with the material of the top floor without an insulating layer to be prevented.
  • the remnants of the plastic film form insulation of the underbody, so that the undesired heat dissipation to the underbody is additionally impeded.
  • thermoplastic film which is also located between the undersides of the support feet and the sub-floor, glues the support feet to the sub-floor during hot air treatment, so that security is achieved against later displacement of the top floor relative to the sub-floor becomes.
  • a cushion consisting of two regions connected to one another is placed on the subfloor and filled with air or water, that the flowable mass is applied to the cushion and smoothed, and that after the hardening of the flowable mass the pillow is emptied.
  • This variant has the advantage that the filled cushion has a good load-bearing capacity, so that on the one hand it resists the weight of the flowable mass even with a large layer thickness of the top floor, and on the other hand, the top floor can already be stepped on by the staff during the application of the flowable mass without the duct system collapsing.
  • the pillow After the initially applied fluid has hardened, the pillow is emptied so that it collapses and covers the top of the subfloor.
  • the pillow is emptied so that it collapses and covers the top of the subfloor.
  • the pillow consists of a flat first film and a second film forming bulges on the first film and connected to the first film between the bulges, the second film not being self-supporting.
  • the two foils thus form a kind of air mattress with an essentially flat underside.
  • the pillow forms a formwork for shaping the underside of the top floor and the support feet. After the mass applied to the pillow has hardened, the pillow is emptied, laying itself limp on the underbody.
  • This placement on the sub-floor can be intensified by vacuuming the filling of the cushion.
  • the channels formed over the empty pillow are free for ventilation.
  • the invention further relates to a surface material for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • This surface material consists of plates or webs with depressions arranged at regular intervals, the edges of two plates or webs placed against one another forming sealable joint or overlap zones.
  • the profiled surface material can be in the form of a sheet or in sheet form, but the sheets or sheets must be connected in a sealing manner in such a way that a continuous casting mold is created for the locally cast, continuous top floor. Therefore, the edges of the surface material are usually designed as interlocking or opposable straight strips.
  • the bendable surface material can be reinforced in some areas by further meltable plastics or combined with metal inserts to improve heat conduction and stability.
  • the surface material can also have further depressions which extend less far downward to form air guiding elements. If the sheet material is in the form of a plate, these depressions can result in a preferred direction for the air duct, the plate being able to be used by twisting in such a way that neighboring plates cause air to be diverted in another direction.
  • this consists of a deep-drawable metal sheet or a foldable metal foil which remains in the interior of the hollow floor - forming a coating on the top floor and the support feet.
  • the metal foil forms a good heat conductor and therefore does not significantly impair the heat transfer between the air and the top floor, to the underside of which it adheres firmly.
  • the hollow floor shown in section in FIG. 1 consists of the sub-floor 10, 11, 12 and the top floor 13 arranged above it
  • Metal sheet 12 for better load distribution.
  • the metal sheet 12 has holes.
  • a mold 14 made of a deep-drawn plastic film is first placed on the sub-floor 10, 11, 12 to form the top floor 13.
  • Form 14 is self-supporting. It has numerous knobs or ribs 15 projecting downwards, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are elongated, as shown in FIG. 2. The undersides of the ribs 15 rest on the sheet 12.
  • the shape 14 is flexible or bendable overall so that it adapts to any unevenness in the underbody 10, 11, 12.
  • edges 16 of the "shape 14 are formed as continuous, uniformly profiled strips which lie at the level of the raised surface areas of the shape 14.
  • the edges 16 have a groove-like bulge, so that the bulges of two adjoining shapes 14 can be sealingly inserted into one another.
  • the edges 16 can also be connected to one another with an adhesive or by welding, so that the plates provide an overall sealing mold for the top 13.
  • Filling bodies 25 made of rolled gravel are filled into the knobs or ribs 15 and protrude beyond the shape 14 into the area of the upper surface.
  • the upper base 13 is formed from a left screed F, which is applied to the mold 14, and thereby the packing 25 surrounds and embeds.
  • the support feet 17 are formed in the ribs 15 of the mold 14 and a layer 18 covering the entire mold 14 is formed over them forms. The height compensation takes place in that the layer 18 is given different thicknesses at different points if necessary.
  • the mold 14 When the liquid screed has hardened, the mold 14 remains in the hollow floor, so that it forms a smooth coating which closely surrounds the support feet 17. If electrical cables or other pipelines are introduced into the cavity, they slide along the coating so that they do not come into contact with a relatively rough concrete or mortar surface.
  • the mold 14 it is also possible to remove the mold 14 after the top 13 has been completed.
  • hot air is blown into the cavity formed between the sub-floor 10, 11, 12 and the top floor 13.
  • the thermoplastic material of the mold 14 shrinks so that, on the one hand, the support feet 17 are glued to the sheet metal 12 on the undersides of the support feet 17 and, on the other hand, the material of the mold 14 is detached from the upper floor 13 or the side walls of the support feet 17 at the other locations and is deposited or pulled tight over the sheet 12.
  • the cavity is in the finished cavity floor, that is, between the underside of the screed material of the top floor 13 and the remaining remainder 19 of the mold 14. If the temperature of the hot air is high enough, the mold 14 can be melted as a whole, leaving its remnants then also place on the sheet 12.
  • a hollow floor is shown, in which the feet 17 are not designed as ribs, but as circular knobs, each of which have the same spacing from one another.
  • the support feet 17 are arranged in rows and the support feet are in two rows on gap. This creates a uniform load-bearing structure and load distribution, and straight-line channels for air passage are avoided within the hollow floor.
  • the air is swirled and branched at the support feet 17, so that the heat transfer to the top floor 13 is improved.
  • This vaulted structure also increases the load-bearing capacity of the top floor 13, so that the continuous top layer 18 can be made relatively thin.
  • This film consists of a plastic film in some areas of the hollow floor and a metal film or a combined metal / plastic film in other areas of the hollow floor in order to influence the heat transfer from the cavity into the material of the upper floor 13.
  • FIG. 5 shows the production of a vault structure similar to that shown in FIG. 3, but using an example in which the formwork is detached from the top floor after completion of the top floor.
  • a double film 20 is placed and glued onto the underfloor consisting of the concrete ceiling 10 and the heat insulation layer 11, which consists of a smooth lower sheet 21 and a non-self-supporting upper sheet 22 arranged above it.
  • the upper track 22 is welded to the flat lower track 21 at those points 23 where the support feet 17 are later to be located. Between the points 23, the upper track has bulges 24 which, however, are deposited on the lower track 21 in the state according to FIG. 5a.
  • the inflated double film 20 according to FIG. 5b forms the formwork to which the liquid screed is applied to form the top floor 13.
  • the liquid screed can also be poured in the required layer thickness before the air is pumped in.
  • the air is let out of the cushion of the double film 22.
  • the residual air can also be extracted, so that the upper web 22 is deposited on the lower web 21.
  • the cavity of the raised floor is now delimited at the bottom by the areas of the web 22 which have been randomly laid flat, and at the top by the top floor 13.
  • a particular advantage of the hollow floor is that the heat-transferring lower surface of the top floor is significantly enlarged compared to a plate-shaped top floor, so that with low temperature differences or with a low lower flow rate, i.e. with low pressure drop in the cavity, high heat transfer rates can be achieved. This also applies to the cooling case, in which cooling air is conducted through the hollow floor.
  • the hollow floor is also well suited for heat or cold storage, because the underside of the top floor has a multiple of the plate base area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
EP82100352A 1981-02-04 1982-01-19 Plancher creux Expired EP0057372B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82100352T ATE12804T1 (de) 1981-02-04 1982-01-19 Hohlboden.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3103632A DE3103632C2 (de) 1981-02-04 1981-02-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlbodens
DE3103632 1981-02-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0057372A1 true EP0057372A1 (fr) 1982-08-11
EP0057372B1 EP0057372B1 (fr) 1985-04-17

Family

ID=6123946

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82100352A Expired EP0057372B1 (fr) 1981-02-04 1982-01-19 Plancher creux

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4637184A (fr)
EP (1) EP0057372B1 (fr)
JP (2) JPS57184156A (fr)
AT (1) ATE12804T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8200570A (fr)
CA (1) CA1181215A (fr)
DE (2) DE3103632C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES8305080A1 (fr)
HK (1) HK102591A (fr)
MX (1) MX155189A (fr)

Cited By (14)

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EP0127037A3 (en) * 1983-05-14 1985-07-10 Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Schmidt Permanent plastic foil form for the production of the superior floor of a hollow floor
WO1986002120A1 (fr) * 1984-10-04 1986-04-10 Bta Boden-Technik Ag Element d'appui en feuille flexible et son utilisation pour des planchers
WO1988000997A1 (fr) * 1986-07-31 1988-02-11 Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh & Co Kg Plancher a cavites
CH671795A5 (fr) * 1986-08-09 1989-09-29 Bta Boden Technik Ag
WO1990010130A1 (fr) * 1989-03-02 1990-09-07 Norina Bautechnik Gmbh Procede de fabrication de planchers sureleves
EP0339537A3 (fr) * 1988-04-23 1991-01-09 Gerhard Binder Plancher creux
WO1993014286A1 (fr) * 1992-01-20 1993-07-22 Ruefenacht Hans Peter Feuille-support
EP0628678A1 (fr) * 1993-06-08 1994-12-14 Ubbink B.V. Eléments pour planchers surélevés à auto-nivellage
EP0679780A2 (fr) 1991-03-22 1995-11-02 Peter Weissenberger Elément de coffrage pour structures de plancher creux
EP0705950A1 (fr) * 1994-10-07 1996-04-10 Firma Carl Freudenberg Faux plancher surélevé
WO2004005802A1 (fr) * 2002-07-08 2004-01-15 Vladimir Evgenievich Genkin Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement de locaux (variantes)
WO2020007918A1 (fr) 2018-07-05 2020-01-09 Low & Bonar B.V. Système de plancher flottant
IT201800007034A1 (it) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-09 Struttura multistrato termicamente e/o acusticamente isolante per pavimentazioni, metodo e kit per la sua realizzazione
WO2021018903A1 (fr) 2019-07-30 2021-02-04 Low & Bonar B.V. Sous-couche

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DE3348024C2 (en) * 1983-07-23 1987-08-13 Norina Bautechnik Gmbh, 8500 Nuernberg, De Cast cavity floor finish lost formwork foil
DE3348156C2 (en) * 1983-07-23 1989-12-21 Norina Bautechnik Gmbh, 8500 Nuernberg, De Use of a panel, provided with load-bearing feet, for producing a cavity floor
DE3326622C2 (de) * 1983-07-23 1987-01-22 Mainbau Estrich- und Fußboden GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Schaltungsfolie für die Herstellung des Oberbodens eines Hohlraumbodens
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ITUB20154818A1 (it) * 2015-10-22 2017-04-22 Angelo Candiracci Struttura di pannello edilizio anti-perforazione
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EP0127037A3 (en) * 1983-05-14 1985-07-10 Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Schmidt Permanent plastic foil form for the production of the superior floor of a hollow floor
WO1986002120A1 (fr) * 1984-10-04 1986-04-10 Bta Boden-Technik Ag Element d'appui en feuille flexible et son utilisation pour des planchers
WO1988000997A1 (fr) * 1986-07-31 1988-02-11 Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh & Co Kg Plancher a cavites
CH671795A5 (fr) * 1986-08-09 1989-09-29 Bta Boden Technik Ag
EP0339537A3 (fr) * 1988-04-23 1991-01-09 Gerhard Binder Plancher creux
WO1990010130A1 (fr) * 1989-03-02 1990-09-07 Norina Bautechnik Gmbh Procede de fabrication de planchers sureleves
EP0679780A2 (fr) 1991-03-22 1995-11-02 Peter Weissenberger Elément de coffrage pour structures de plancher creux
WO1993014286A1 (fr) * 1992-01-20 1993-07-22 Ruefenacht Hans Peter Feuille-support
EP0628678A1 (fr) * 1993-06-08 1994-12-14 Ubbink B.V. Eléments pour planchers surélevés à auto-nivellage
EP0705950A1 (fr) * 1994-10-07 1996-04-10 Firma Carl Freudenberg Faux plancher surélevé
WO2004005802A1 (fr) * 2002-07-08 2004-01-15 Vladimir Evgenievich Genkin Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement de locaux (variantes)
WO2020007918A1 (fr) 2018-07-05 2020-01-09 Low & Bonar B.V. Système de plancher flottant
US11421428B2 (en) 2018-07-05 2022-08-23 Econcore N.V. Floating floor system
IT201800007034A1 (it) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-09 Struttura multistrato termicamente e/o acusticamente isolante per pavimentazioni, metodo e kit per la sua realizzazione
WO2021018903A1 (fr) 2019-07-30 2021-02-04 Low & Bonar B.V. Sous-couche

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0057372B1 (fr) 1985-04-17
US4637184A (en) 1987-01-20
DE3263055D1 (en) 1985-05-23
BR8200570A (pt) 1982-12-07
CA1181215A (fr) 1985-01-22
DE3103632A1 (de) 1982-08-19
JPH0642153A (ja) 1994-02-15
DE3103632C2 (de) 1986-12-18
JPH0461143B2 (fr) 1992-09-30
ATE12804T1 (de) 1985-05-15
JPS57184156A (en) 1982-11-12
MX155189A (es) 1988-02-01
HK102591A (en) 1991-12-27
ES509226A0 (es) 1983-04-16
JPH086447B2 (ja) 1996-01-24
ES8305080A1 (es) 1983-04-16

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