EP0048426A1 - Manufacturing method for a preform for an electric cable with compressed mineral insulation - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for a preform for an electric cable with compressed mineral insulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0048426A1 EP0048426A1 EP81107248A EP81107248A EP0048426A1 EP 0048426 A1 EP0048426 A1 EP 0048426A1 EP 81107248 A EP81107248 A EP 81107248A EP 81107248 A EP81107248 A EP 81107248A EP 0048426 A1 EP0048426 A1 EP 0048426A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- preform
- mineral
- organic binder
- sheath
- internal channel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 strontiane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HIGRAKVNKLCVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumine Chemical compound C1=CC=[Al]C=C1 HIGRAKVNKLCVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/004—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing rigid-tube cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53478—Means to assemble or disassemble with magazine supply
- Y10T29/53487—Assembling means comprising hand-manipulatable implement
- Y10T29/53513—Means to fasten by deforming
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a preform made of electrical insulating material for an electrically insulated mineral cable.
- These preforms are cylindrical, and provided with one or more longitudinal channels for the introduction of the conductors.
- Preforms of this kind have so far been manufactured by tableting under high pressure.
- the mineral insulating material In the pastillage under high pressure, the mineral insulating material, previously moistened, is introduced into a matrix which is subjected to high pressure. Preforms are obtained comprising conductor passage channels very well centered, but in very short lengths (elements of the order of cm). This discontinuous process makes it possible to obtain productions only from 2 to 16m / hour approximately. These elements are then introduced one after the other into the tube intended to form the sheath, which is a relatively long operation.
- the other method of filling the tubes consists of introducing the mineral insulating material in powder form into the metal tube arranged vertically and provided with its conductor (s), while compacting it. This process does not ensure good centering of the conductors, and gives a lower compactness than the previous one, especially during the first stretching of cable formation. It only allows for relatively short cable lengths.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of one and the other of the known methods, and to allow the production of preforms in a partially continuous manner, with a time of threading in the tubes significantly reduced compared to the method of pastillage under high pressure, with productions up to 250m / hour. It also aims to allow excellent centering of the conductor accommodation channels.
- the magnesia is purified by elimination of its impurities, in particular by magnetic means.
- the magnesia is added with an organic glue introduced in 3.
- the mixture is then introduced into the screw extruder shown diagrammatically in 4, comprising a feed screw 5 and a perpendicular compression 6.
- the cylinder formed, of a specific mass of approximately 2.4 g / em 3 is cut by a guillotine 7, to the dimension of the cooking supports.
- the preforms obtained are placed on these supports at 8, pass through an oven 9 where they are heated to 250 ° C.
- the supports with their preforms are loaded into wagons and introduced into the oven 10 with rotary hearth or continuous passage and gradually increasing in temperature, where the preforms are baked in air at a temperature in the region of 1300 ° C.
- the preforms are introduced into an oven 11, where they are cooled to 200 ° C.
- the preforms are then introduced hot 12 into the tubes intended to serve as a sheath, guiding them by pins.
- the tubes are then sent to the wire drawing for the manufacture of the cables, in the known manner.
- the cooking temperature must be adapted to the nature of the mineral insulating material. It is possible to use, if appropriate, other mineral insulators than those which have been mentioned above.
- the invention is particularly applicable to the manufacture of heating elements or thermocouples, as well as all electrical cables intended to be placed in an environment at high temperature.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Pour fabriquer une préforme pour câble électrique à isolant minéral comprimé, on mélange (2) l'isolant minéral avec un liant organique, on extrude (4) une structure cylindrique à au moins un canal interne, on coupe (7) le matériau cylindrique extrudé à une longueur déterminée, et on le soumet (10) à un traitement thermique de combustion du liant. On enfile à chaud la préforme ainsi fabriquée dans un tube métallique destiné à servir de gaine et on y introduit le ou les conducteurs dans le ou les canaux internes.To make a preform for an electric cable with compressed mineral insulation, we mix (2) the mineral insulation with an organic binder, we extrude (4) a cylindrical structure with at least one internal channel, we cut (7) the extruded cylindrical material at a determined length, and it is subjected (10) to a thermal treatment for burning the binder. The preform thus manufactured is threaded hot into a metal tube intended to serve as a sheath and the conductor (s) are introduced into the internal channel (s).
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une préforme en matériau isolant électrique pour câble électrique à isolant minéral. Ces préformes sont cylindriques, et munies d'un ou plusieurs canaux longitudinaux pour l'introduction des conducteurs.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a preform made of electrical insulating material for an electrically insulated mineral cable. These preforms are cylindrical, and provided with one or more longitudinal channels for the introduction of the conductors.
On a jusqu'ici fabriqué des préformes de ce genre par pastillage sous forte pression.Preforms of this kind have so far been manufactured by tableting under high pressure.
Dans le pastillage sous forte pression, on introduit le matériau minéral isolant, préalablement humidifié, dans une matrice que l'on soumet à une forte pression. On obtient des préformes comportant des canaux de passage des conducteurs très bien centrés, mais en très courtes longueurs (éléments de l'ordre du cm). Ce procédé discontinu ne permet d'obtenir des productions que de 2 à 16m/heure environ. Ces éléments sont ensuite introduits l'un après l'autre dans le tube destiné à former la gaine, ce qui est une opération relativement longue.In the pastillage under high pressure, the mineral insulating material, previously moistened, is introduced into a matrix which is subjected to high pressure. Preforms are obtained comprising conductor passage channels very well centered, but in very short lengths (elements of the order of cm). This discontinuous process makes it possible to obtain productions only from 2 to 16m / hour approximately. These elements are then introduced one after the other into the tube intended to form the sheath, which is a relatively long operation.
L'autre procédé de remplissage des tubes consiste à introduire le matériau minéral isolant en poudre dans le tube métallique disposé verticalement, et muni de son ou de ses conducteurs, tout en le tassant. Ce procédé n'assure pas un bon centrage des conducteurs, et donne une compacité plus faible que le précédent, surtout lors des premiers étirages de formation du câble. Il ne permet de fabriquer que des longueurs de câble relativement courtes.The other method of filling the tubes consists of introducing the mineral insulating material in powder form into the metal tube arranged vertically and provided with its conductor (s), while compacting it. This process does not ensure good centering of the conductors, and gives a lower compactness than the previous one, especially during the first stretching of cable formation. It only allows for relatively short cable lengths.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients de l'un et l'autre des procédés connus, et de permettre la fabrication de préformes de façon partiellement continue, avec une durée d'enfilage dans les tubes notablement réduite par rapport au procédé de pastillage sous forte pression, avec des productions pouvant atteindre 250m/heure. Elle a également pour but de permettre un excellent centrage des canaux de logement des conducteurs.The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of one and the other of the known methods, and to allow the production of preforms in a partially continuous manner, with a time of threading in the tubes significantly reduced compared to the method of pastillage under high pressure, with productions up to 250m / hour. It also aims to allow excellent centering of the conductor accommodation channels.
Le procédé de l'invention est caractérisé en ce que :
- a) l'on mélange le matériau minéral isolant avec un liant organique
- b) on extrude une structure cylindrique munie d'au moins un canal interne,
- c) on coupe le matériau cylindrique extrudé à une longueur déterminée,
- d) on le soumet à un traitement thermique de combustion du liant organique,
- e) on l'enfile à chaud dans le tube métallique destiné à servir de gaine, et on y introduit le ou les conducteurs dans le ou les canaux internes.
- a) the mineral insulating material is mixed with an organic binder
- b) a cylindrical structure provided with at least one internal channel is extruded,
- c) the extruded cylindrical material is cut to a determined length,
- d ) it is subjected to a thermal treatment for combustion of the organic binder,
- e ) it is threaded hot into the metal tube intended to serve as a sheath, and the conductor (s) are introduced into the internal channel (s).
Il répond en outre de préférence à au moins l'une des caractéristiques suivantes :
- - Le matériau minéral isolant électrique est de la magnésie, de l'alumine, de la strontiane, de la zircone, de la glucine ou du nitrure de bore.
- - L'on ajoute au matériau minéral isolant électrique une quantité de liant organique permettant d'obtenir un mélange de la consistance du mastic sec.
- - L'on effectue la cuisson dans un four à montée progressive en température.
- - Après cuisson de la préforme, on la refroidit dans une étuve à 200°C environ, puis l'introduit à cette température dans le tube métallique destiné à lui servir de gaine.
- - The electrical insulating mineral material is magnesia, alumina, strontiane, zirconia, glucine or boron nitride.
- - Add a quantity of organic binder to the electrical insulating mineral material to obtain a mixture of the consistency of dry putty.
- - Cooking is carried out in an oven with gradual rise in temperature.
- - After cooking the preform, it is cooled in an oven to around 200 ° C, then introduced at this temperature into the metal tube intended to serve as a sheath.
Il est décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemple et en référence à la figure unique du dessin, un procédé de fabrication d'une préforme en magnésie selon l'invention.It is described below, by way of example and with reference to the single figure of the drawing, a method of manufacturing a preform in magnesia according to the invention.
Dans l'étape désignée par le carré 1 de la figure, la magnésie est purifiée par élimination de ses impuretés, notamment par voie magnétique. La magnésie est additionnée dans l'opération représentée par le carré 2, d'une colle organique introduite en 3. Le mélange est alors introduit dans l'extrudeuse à vis représentée schématiquement en 4, comportant une vis d'alimentation 5 et une vis de compression perpendiculaire 6. A la sortie de l'extrudeuse, le cylindre formé, d'une masse spécifique d'environ 2,4g/em3, est coupé par une guillotine 7, à la dimension des supports de cuisson. Les préformes obtenues sont mises sur ces supports en 8, passent dans une étuve 9 où elles sont chauffées vers 250°C. Les supports avec leurs préformes sont chargés dans des wagonnets et introduits dans le four 10 à sole tournante ou à passage continu et à montée progressive en température, où les préformes sont cuites à l'air à une température voisine de 1300°C. A la sortie du four, les préformes sont introduites dans une étuve 11, où elles sont refroidies à 200°C. Les préformes sont alors introduites en 12 à chaud dans les tubes destinés à leur servir de gaine, en les guidant par des broches. Les tubes sont alors envoyés au tréfilage pour la fabrication des câbles, de la manière connue.In the step designated by the square 1 in the figure, the magnesia is purified by elimination of its impurities, in particular by magnetic means. In the operation represented by the square 2, the magnesia is added with an organic glue introduced in 3. The mixture is then introduced into the screw extruder shown diagrammatically in 4, comprising a
Bien que le procédé qui vient d'être décrit en référence à la figure du dessin paraisse la forme de réalisation préférable de l'invention, on comprendra que diverses modifications peuvent bien être apportées sans sortir du cadre de celle-ci, certaines de ses opérations pouvant être remplacées par d'autres qui joueraient le même rôle technique . En particulier la température de cuisson doit être adaptée à la nature du matériau minéral isolant. On peut utiliser le cas échéant d'autres isolants minéraux que ceux qui ont été cités ci-dessus.Although the process which has just been described with reference to the figure of the drawing appears to be the preferable embodiment of the invention, it will be understood that various modifications may well be made without departing from the scope thereof, certain of its operations can be replaced by others who would play the same technical role. In particular, the cooking temperature must be adapted to the nature of the mineral insulating material. It is possible to use, if appropriate, other mineral insulators than those which have been mentioned above.
L'invention s'applique particulièrement à la fabrication d'éléments chauffants ou de thermocouples, ainsi que de tous câbles électriques destinés à être placés dans une ambiance à température élevée.The invention is particularly applicable to the manufacture of heating elements or thermocouples, as well as all electrical cables intended to be placed in an environment at high temperature.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8020393 | 1980-09-23 | ||
| FR8020393A FR2490866A1 (en) | 1980-09-23 | 1980-09-23 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PREFORM FOR ELECTRICAL CABLE WITH COMPRESSED MINERAL INSULATION |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0048426A1 true EP0048426A1 (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| EP0048426B1 EP0048426B1 (en) | 1985-01-09 |
Family
ID=9246205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81107248A Expired EP0048426B1 (en) | 1980-09-23 | 1981-09-15 | Manufacturing method for a preform for an electric cable with compressed mineral insulation |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4420881A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0048426B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5787015A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU539221B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1155279A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3168156D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2490866A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8527661D0 (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1985-12-11 | Ici Plc | Catalyst supports & precursors |
| US4758398A (en) * | 1986-10-07 | 1988-07-19 | The Dexter Corporation | Method of manufacture preforms |
| AU626683B2 (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1992-08-06 | Metal Manufactures Limited | Manufacture of mineral insulated metal sheathed cables |
| US6119922A (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2000-09-19 | Hoskins Manufacturing Company | Method for making mineral insulated cable |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB445070A (en) * | 1934-05-29 | 1936-04-02 | Le Conducteur Electr Blinde In | Electric cables or other insulated electric conductors and the manufacture thereof |
| FR843366A (en) * | 1938-03-07 | 1939-06-30 | Electro Cable Soc | Mineral insulated electric wires and cables and their manufacturing processes |
| US2219523A (en) * | 1937-07-17 | 1940-10-29 | Edwin L Wiegand | Electric resistance heating element and method of making the same |
| DE733886C (en) * | 1935-10-25 | 1943-04-05 | Sueddeutsche Kabelwerke Zweign | Process for the manufacture of refractory electrical cables |
| CH329528A (en) * | 1954-08-27 | 1958-04-30 | Kraffe De Laubarede Leonce Mar | Process for the production of heat and electric insulating bodies |
| US2948647A (en) * | 1954-03-12 | 1960-08-09 | British Insulated Callenders | Manufacture of insulated electric conductors |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1523434A (en) * | 1920-10-25 | 1925-01-20 | Gutler Hammer Mfg Co | Electric heater |
| US2243881A (en) * | 1938-01-18 | 1941-06-03 | Titeflex Metal Hose Co | Method for making radio shielded conductors |
| US2495867A (en) * | 1948-01-14 | 1950-01-31 | Petcar Res Corp | Method of manufacturing fire detector and like elements |
| US3017688A (en) * | 1957-02-28 | 1962-01-23 | Gen Motors Corp | Method and apparatus of making electrical heating elements |
| US3105287A (en) * | 1957-05-08 | 1963-10-01 | Rea Magnet Wire Company Inc | Insulated wire particularly for coils and the manufacture thereof |
| US3121038A (en) * | 1960-06-01 | 1964-02-11 | Gen Electric | Method of providing a high resistance insulation coating for a conductor in a sheath |
| GB1109402A (en) * | 1966-03-31 | 1968-04-10 | Decca Ltd | Improvements in or relating to position indicators for use in mobile craft |
| US4033028A (en) * | 1974-06-21 | 1977-07-05 | Pyrotenax Of Canada Limited | Method of making heating cables |
| DE2514578B2 (en) * | 1975-04-03 | 1978-09-07 | Fa. Fritz Eichenauer, 6744 Kandel | Refractory, granular investment material for electric heating coils |
| JPS6018093B2 (en) * | 1976-10-20 | 1985-05-08 | 三菱電線工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of inorganic insulated wire |
| US4106186A (en) * | 1976-11-24 | 1978-08-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Boron nitride insulating material |
| JPS5814007B2 (en) * | 1978-01-18 | 1983-03-17 | 日立電線株式会社 | Manufacturing method of inorganic insulated wire |
-
1980
- 1980-09-23 FR FR8020393A patent/FR2490866A1/en active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-09-11 US US06/301,483 patent/US4420881A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1981-09-15 EP EP81107248A patent/EP0048426B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-15 DE DE8181107248T patent/DE3168156D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-21 AU AU75531/81A patent/AU539221B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-09-21 JP JP56149288A patent/JPS5787015A/en active Pending
- 1981-09-22 CA CA000386373A patent/CA1155279A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB445070A (en) * | 1934-05-29 | 1936-04-02 | Le Conducteur Electr Blinde In | Electric cables or other insulated electric conductors and the manufacture thereof |
| DE733886C (en) * | 1935-10-25 | 1943-04-05 | Sueddeutsche Kabelwerke Zweign | Process for the manufacture of refractory electrical cables |
| US2219523A (en) * | 1937-07-17 | 1940-10-29 | Edwin L Wiegand | Electric resistance heating element and method of making the same |
| FR843366A (en) * | 1938-03-07 | 1939-06-30 | Electro Cable Soc | Mineral insulated electric wires and cables and their manufacturing processes |
| US2948647A (en) * | 1954-03-12 | 1960-08-09 | British Insulated Callenders | Manufacture of insulated electric conductors |
| CH329528A (en) * | 1954-08-27 | 1958-04-30 | Kraffe De Laubarede Leonce Mar | Process for the production of heat and electric insulating bodies |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU539221B2 (en) | 1984-09-13 |
| EP0048426B1 (en) | 1985-01-09 |
| US4420881A (en) | 1983-12-20 |
| FR2490866A1 (en) | 1982-03-26 |
| JPS5787015A (en) | 1982-05-31 |
| DE3168156D1 (en) | 1985-02-21 |
| FR2490866B1 (en) | 1983-08-12 |
| CA1155279A (en) | 1983-10-18 |
| AU7553181A (en) | 1982-04-01 |
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