EP0048383A2 - Press for manufacturing ligatured bales of waste materials - Google Patents

Abstract

A press for producing tied bales from waste materials is provided with a shearing device consisting of shearing knives (8a, 8b) with an arrow-shaped cutting edge (8 ') on the plunger (2) and serrated counter knives (4) on the housing (1). The tapes (11 and 12) required for tying the bales are fed via centering roller pairs (17, 18) from an upper (13) and lower tape supply station (14) into the press shaft (3).

Description

The invention relates to a press for producing tied bales from waste materials, consisting of a horizontal press shaft reciprocating plunger, on the top of the press shaft filler funnel, for the material to be pressed and with the piston or piston stroke interacting shear and tape feed elements in the form of individual, side-by-side shearing knives or tape supply rolls and corresponding guides.

A cutting device assigned to the piston of a waste press is no longer new in principle, but is already known, for example, from DE-OS 19 24 389, in that a sawtooth-like knife is attached to the plunger, in a parallel arrangement to the crosswise to the working direction smooth counter knife runs. The cut is always made simultaneously over the full width of the shaft, which requires a large drive power. In DE-OS 24 46 953 also known embodiment, the knife of the press ram formed from several parts with inclined intermediate grooves includes an acute angle with the arrow-shaped, fixed counter knife, but the free legs of this angle diverge on both sides in the direction of the press shaft walls. Functionally, this has the disadvantage that the material to be cut will always dodge under the cutting force in the direction of the press shaft side walls - especially since it is smooth, arrow-shaped counter knife can not be held, even is derived laterally - and the cut also, when everything has slipped together, takes place on the full knife width at the same time, so with a great need for driving force. In addition, all the presses known hitherto have difficulties with regard to a trouble-free feeding of the tapes for the setting of the pressed bales.

This is where the present invention relates, with the partial task of first designing the cutting knives or arranging them on the ram in such a way that only a relatively small amount of force is required for the cutting process and the cutting forces also act as centrally as possible on the bearings of the press and ram .

Another subtask is, overall, to create a continuously working press that can compact and permanently set large amounts of waste in a structurally relatively small size, in a simple and reliable manner, and permanently set, and in which the parts necessary for setting the cut and pressed parts Belts can be fed tightly and precisely aligned in the correct position.

This object is achieved with the present invention essentially in that, on the one hand, the shear blade parts attached to the end face of the piston with a mutual gap spacing have an arrow-shaped course of their cutting edges pointing in the working direction and the counter knives on the housing side are formed in a jagged shape and, on the other hand, that the feed of the Bands for tying the finished pressed bales from an upper and a lower band supply station along the top and bottom of the press shaft take place simultaneously, the free ends of both bands being connected to one another via a knot. In a further embodiment of this invention is there provided that part of the belts are inserted through channels along the underside of the shaft and via centering rollers into the bottom of the press shaft, the inlet openings for the lower belts being moved from the press shaft front side to the end of the shaft to the extent that these belts only run in the already compacted bale zones.

• Figur 1 die Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Presse,
• Figur 2 ebenfalls eine Seitenansicht wie Figur 1, jedoch teilweise im Längsschnitt,
• Figur 3 eine Draufsicht zu Figur 2,
• Figur 4 als Einzelheit in Seitenansicht die unteren Banddurchführungen des Preßschachtes und
• Figur 5 die Bandführungsrollen als Einzelheit in Vorderansicht.

Further features essential to the invention can be found in the subclaims and, as an exemplary embodiment, shown largely schematically in the drawings and explained in more detail below. It shows

• FIG. 1 shows the side view of a press according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 also a side view as in FIG. 1, but partly in longitudinal section,
• FIG. 3 shows a top view of FIG. 2,
• Figure 4 as a detail in side view of the lower band bushings of the press shaft and
• Figure 5 shows the tape guide rollers as a detail in front view.

The press of the type shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 consists of the press shaft 1 with a press ram 2, which is reversibly driven back and forth via a hydraulically actuated drive rod 28, and the rear ram extensions or lugs 2a, which serve as guides. Not shown in more detail, since the general state of the art, the press drive 29 on the end face 1a of the press shaft 1 and the slide or roller guides of the plunger 2 and plunger attachments 2a on the lower and upper guide strips 5 and 22, respectively, close to the press shaft 1 Now, in a known manner, the actual press channel 3, the cross section of which from the end face 3 a via handwheel-operated adjusting spindles 6 towards the end of the press channel 3b is continuously changeable and can thus be reduced to a greater or lesser extent in order to generate the necessary counterpressure depending on the material pressed. In terms of its basic structure, the press functionally breaks down into three main sections, namely the filling space "a", the so-called pre-compressor or buffer zone "b", the bottom and / or walls of which may also have known retaining claws 7, such as the front section "c" of the press channel 3.

According to the invention, it is now initially provided to arrange known shear knives in the form of interchangeable sections 8a and 8b on brackets 8 "on the front ram upper edge and corresponding sawtooth-like serrated counter cutting edges 4 on brackets 4 'at the transition from the filling funnel 27 to the pre-compression chamber" b ". The cutting process thus takes place before the pressing process, i.e. only after the shearing has ended and the piston 2 passes through the so-called buffer zone b, the materials are pre-compressed from the filling shaft and pressed into the conical pressing shaft 3; the taper of the latter and thus the back pressure, are known to be set via the handwheels 6.

The effect of such a cutting and counter knife design is also that, at the beginning of each cutting or pressing stroke, the material to be cut is pressed against the serrated or sawtooth-like counter knife 4 and is held or prevented from it, laterally and thus in Dodge direction on the baling walls. In the embodiment according to the invention, the material separation is inevitably a so-called tear cut, the arrow-shaped tip of the knife parts 8b, "tip against tip", which are seated on the plunger 2, prestressing the paper material, as a result of which it tears better and more easily and requires less drive energy. The top cutting In the case of extremely wide shaft designs, the edge course 8 'can also have two tips lying next to one another, that is to say formed from a total of four parts 8b; these edges 8 'should also slope from top to bottom - in lateral projection - to form a clearance angle towards the plunger 2. In addition, according to a further feature of the invention, the sliding of waste material into the press shaft 1 and thus the clogging thereof is prevented by a ram cover plate 20 which is firmly seated on the ram body 2a, the sides 20a of which on plastic strips or the like. Material supports slide on the upper guide strips 22 and close the bottom of the filling shaft 27 even when the plunger 2, 2a is in its foremost pressing position.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is also provided that the tapes 11 and 12 required for tying the finished pressed bales from the top of the press chute and on the other hand from the press chute bottom 3 ′, connected to one another by knotting 15, from a lower or an upper tape supply station 14 and 13, respectively, to feed the lower belt through feed slots 19 according to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 only behind the pre-compression zone "b", that is to say in the front area of the press shaft area "c" occupied by the retaining claws 7, on the shaft floor 3 ' is coming. This measure ensures that the straps always run taut around three sides of the resulting ball and are not carried along by the friction of the waste material during the press stroke and are pushed together like wrinkles, because they only come into contact with the material to be pressed where it already does is largely compressed.

These structural and appropriate measures in or on the press space save complex band brakes at the respective stations 13 and 14, respectively. Each of those entering through a channel 16 below Bands 12 is also laterally centered by a pair of guide rollers 17, 18 so that it can be pulled up with the known hooks through the tappet grooves 10, the knife recesses 9 'and the openings 19 from below to bind the finished bale and at the same time also remains centered, ready for a new knot 15. In addition, the tab-like notches 19a of the press shaft base 3 cause the incoming belts to dodge downwards and are therefore not pushed together like an accordion during the press stroke. The lateral guidance of the belts 11 and 12 takes over the flanges 17 'of the centering roller 17 which laterally overlap the pressure roller 18; such a pair of rollers 17, 18 can also be arranged per belt 11 at the upper feed points 30. Moreover, the conical widening of the slots 9 between the knives 8a and 8b, starting from the cutting edge 8 'and towards the knife recesses 9', means that waste materials which do not penetrate under the cutting pressure do not become stuck or jammed, but rather by the conical enlargement and the recesses 9 'can fall down unhindered. The cutting edge thus always remains smooth and free.

The machine control is ultimately designed such that, in a manner known per se, the light barrier 26, 26a operates with a time delay, i.e. Always switch on the PreBhub only when the material reaches up to the feed hopper and the light barrier is interrupted for a long time. The piston also stops in its foremost pre-position for approx. 2-3 seconds per stroke, so that the material is "squeezed out" correctly. In continuous operation, the machine is also switched off with an optical and / or acoustic ready-to-bale display whenever the wheel 23 rotating as a result of the forward movement of the bale or the catch 24 located thereon comes into contact with the limit switch 25.

Claims (7)

1. Press for producing bound bales from waste materials, consisting of a plunger which can be moved back and forth in a horizontal press shaft, a filling funnel placed on the top of the press shaft, for the material to be pressed and shearing and band feed elements in the form of individual ones which interact with the piston or piston stroke , adjacent shaving knives or tape supply rolls and corresponding guides,
characterized,
that the shear knife parts (8a and 8b) fastened to the end face of the piston (2) with a mutual gap distance (9) have an arrow-shaped course of their cutting edges (8 ') pointing in the working direction, and the counter knives (4) on the housing side are formed in a jagged manner. 2. Press according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaps (9) between the knife sections (8a and 8b) also extend in the working direction, from the cutting edges (8 ') extending conically widening backwards and in, with the front ram grooves (10) corresponding explanations (9 ') open. 3. Press according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that on the top of the plunger (2) over the ram body (2a) protruding cover plate (20) is placed and the lying in the pressing direction (20a) of this plate (20) via plastic strips (21) or similar Sliding elements rest on the upper guide rails (22) of the press caliper. 4. Press according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the supply of the tapes (11 and 12) for tying the finished bales of an upper and a lower band Supply station (13 and 14) along the top and bottom of the press shaft takes place simultaneously, the free ends of both belts (11 and 12) being connected to one another via a knot (15). 5. Press according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lower belt supply station (14) sits on the drive side (1a) of the press, the belts (11) through channels (16) along the underside of the shaft and via centering rollers (17th , 18) are inserted into the bottom of the press shaft (3), while the upper belt supply station (13) is arranged on the press shaft (3). 6. Press according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inlet openings (19) for the lower belts (12) from the press shaft end face (3a) are so far in the direction of the shaft end (3b) that these belts ( 12) Only run in the already compacted bale zones. 7. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower band guides each consist of a centering roller (17) and a pressure roller (18) which interacts with and engages in this.

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