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EP0047227A2 - Dispositif pour le réglage du flux de chaleur d'une cellule d'électrolyse à fusion de l'aluminium et procédé de fonctionnement de cette cellule - Google Patents

Dispositif pour le réglage du flux de chaleur d'une cellule d'électrolyse à fusion de l'aluminium et procédé de fonctionnement de cette cellule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0047227A2
EP0047227A2 EP81810345A EP81810345A EP0047227A2 EP 0047227 A2 EP0047227 A2 EP 0047227A2 EP 81810345 A EP81810345 A EP 81810345A EP 81810345 A EP81810345 A EP 81810345A EP 0047227 A2 EP0047227 A2 EP 0047227A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
heat
heat exchanger
normal value
aluminum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP81810345A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0047227A3 (fr
Inventor
Tibor Kugler
Hans-Anton Meier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto Switzerland AG
Original Assignee
Alusuisse Holdings AG
Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alusuisse Holdings AG, Schweizerische Aluminium AG filed Critical Alusuisse Holdings AG
Publication of EP0047227A2 publication Critical patent/EP0047227A2/fr
Publication of EP0047227A3 publication Critical patent/EP0047227A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for regulating the heat flow of a melt flow electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum and a method for maintaining the thermal balance of this cell at any current strengths between 50 and 125% of the normal value of the cell current.
  • the electrolysis cell Under normal production conditions, the electrolysis cell is in thermal equilibrium, ie the ohmic produced in the cell with the direct electrolysis current Heat is continuously dissipated to the environment to the extent that the cell remains at a constant temperature. If the strength of the direct electrical current is increased or decreased, the temperature of the electrolyte increases or decreases until a new thermal equilibrium has been established.
  • the temperature of the equilibrium state of the electrolytic cell can be influenced by adding heat or changing the amount of heat to be removed.
  • SU-PS 633 937 discloses a combination of heat extraction and supply, the circulation system being formed not only in the cathodic part but also on the anode of the Soederberg cell.
  • SU-PS 600 214 shows cooling tubes made of silicon carbide, which are arranged in the deposited metal. These tubes, through which a cooling medium flows, regulate the temperature of the electrolytic cell to a certain value, so the regulation is carried out from the outside, as in the preceding Russian patents.
  • the inventors have therefore set themselves the task of providing a device for regulating the heat flow of a melt flow electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum and a method for maintaining the thermal balance of this cell with a heat regulating device which transport a large amount of heat in a self-regulating manner and thus temporarily or permanently generate current intensities of Can withstand 50 - 125% of the normal value of the cell direct current without damage.
  • the heat pipes used according to the invention are known per se, for example from the magazine Chem.-Ing.-Tech. 50 (1978) No. 11, pages A654 ff.
  • the containers which are sealed in a vacuum-tight manner, have a capillary structure on the inside, which, for example, is sintered from textile or wire mesh, grooves Structures etc. can be formed.
  • the heat pipes are filled with a small amount of liquid as the heat transport medium until the capillary structure is just saturated. This liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor in the remaining interior of the heat pipe.
  • the liquid on the warm side evaporates, absorbing the heat of vaporization.
  • the steam flows to the other, cold side of the heat pipe and condenses there, giving off the heat of condensation to the cooling medium.
  • the condensate flows back to the warm side under the action of the capillary force.
  • a heat pipe essentially consists of three zones: an evaporation zone, an isolated adiabatic zone and a condensation zone.
  • each cell In the conventional production of aluminum by means of melt flow electrolysis, approximately 60% of the electrical energy supplied to the cell is lost as heat losses. About 60% of it escape upwards, 10% through the bottom and 30% through the side walls (including cathode bar connections).
  • each cell In the case of oversized cell isolation, each cell must first of all be better isolated upwards. This is done by pouring up to an additional ton of aluminum oxide onto the solidified electrolyte crust, which can double the insulating clay layer, for example.
  • the side and bottom areas are improved by arranging, for example, a thicker insulation layer in the cell structure.
  • the cathode bar ends can also be narrowed so that their heat radiation to the outside is reduced.
  • the ends of the heat pipes protruding from the cell advantageously have a surface serving as a heat exchanger, e.g. in a lamella form of a known type, which in turn is arranged in a metallic plate or in a channel through which a cooling or warming medium flows.
  • a heat exchanger e.g. in a lamella form of a known type
  • the medium emerging from the cooling channel and heated by heat exchangers is used, for example for heating purposes, either directly or via a store.
  • a lamellar heat exchanger is expediently attachable over the ends of a heat pipe. With this attachment, the effect of a heat pipe of simple shape is significantly increased because the surface serving for heat exchange is multiplied.
  • heat pipes with an alkali metal are preferably used as the heat transfer medium, sodium being used in particular for practical and economic reasons.
  • sodium being used in particular for practical and economic reasons.
  • an outflow of sodium into a cooling channel located outside the cell would be extremely dangerous because this metal reacts violently when it comes into contact with water.
  • a primary heat exchanger which protrudes from the electrolysis cell and is expediently provided with a lamellar attachment, is preferably created, which in turn is in engagement with a secondary heat exchanger.
  • the primary heat exchanger in particular a cooling circuit, is filled with a liquid organic coolant for higher temperatures which is compatible with sodium as well as with water and air, for example with DOWTHERM from the well-known chemical company DOW Inc ..
  • the primary heat exchanger can also consist of a metal block or a metal plate with good thermal conductivity. Water or air can be passed through the secondary heat exchanger, in particular a cooling channel.
  • melt flow electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum can be provided with heat pipes which pump heat from a heating medium into the cell.
  • the cell can be heated from the outside to such an extent that the temperature of the electrolyte remains above a critical value which prevents the complete solidification.
  • the object of maintaining the thermal equilibrium of a melt flow electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum at any current strengths between 50 and 125% of the normal value of the cell direct current is achieved according to the invention in that the current strength exceeds 70-80% of the normal value Heat withdrawn to a corresponding extent, whereas with an amperage between 50 and 70 - 80% of the normal value, the interpolar distance is increased or heat is supplied from another energy source.
  • the electrolysis cell is in thermal equilibrium with a current intensity reduced to 70-80% without heat dissipation.
  • the cathodic current density can be increased according to the invention in such a way that the same current intensity flows through the cell overall during normal operation.
  • the electrical energy supplied to the cell is reduced over a shorter or longer period, less heat is drawn off from the electrolysis cell, and the heat pipes act as variable thermal insulation. This allows the thermal equilibrium of the melt flow electrolysis cell to be restored in a self-regulating manner after a relatively short time.
  • the production of aluminum is normal at a level which is reduced in accordance with the reduced energy supply.
  • the invention allows the power supply to the electrolysis furnaces to be controlled in such a way that the power supply is reduced during the peak consumption of private households, but is increased during the night hours.
  • an electrolysis cell designed according to the invention can tolerate a current reduction of up to 50% if the interpolar distance is increased accordingly and / or heat is supplied from another energy source.
  • the change in temperature which occurs as a result of a decrease or increase in the current intensity in order to achieve the thermal equilibrium of the cell may only fluctuate within relatively narrow limits, for example ⁇ 10 ° C., because any change in temperature causes the side board formed from solidified electrolyte material to increase or decrease.
  • an aluminum melt flow electrolysis cell 10 which essentially consists of a steel tub 12, an insulating layer (not shown), a cathodic carbon block 14 with cathode bars 16 embedded therein, and anode blocks 18 with spades 20 and anode rods 22, is arranged on a base plate 24.
  • the liquid aluminum 26 On the bottom of the trough-shaped coal block 14 is the liquid aluminum 26, which is deposited during the electrolysis process.
  • the anodes 18 are immersed in the molten electrolyte 28 from above.
  • This electrolyte material has solidified into a solid crust 30 in the lateral and upper region. A layer of alumina 32 is heaped onto this crust and thus forms excellent thermal insulation.
  • the steel trough 12 In the lateral longitudinal area, the steel trough 12, the insulation layer and the outer area of the carbon block 14 are penetrated by heat pipes 34.
  • a lamellar heat exchanger with a large surface area is arranged in the outer region of the heat pipes 34.
  • the outer end of the heat pipe 34 in the present case with a heat exchanger 36, is arranged in a channel 38. This channel can be replaced by a metal block of good thermal conductivity, then no heat exchanger 36 is necessary.
  • M are cooled uss the electrolytic cell 10, the channel or the metal block 38 is initially cooled and the heat pipes 34 operate in the direction of arrow 40. must, however, the cell from a reason mentioned above, heat can be supplied, so the metal block 38 about the working temperature the electrolytic cell 10 is heated, the heat pipes then work in the opposite direction of the arrow 40.
  • Fig. 2 shows a heat pipe 34 which passes through the steel trough 12, the insulation 13 and partially the carbon bottom 14 of an electrolysis cell.
  • the liquid aluminum 26 lies on the bottom of the coal block 14.
  • a lamellar radiator attachment 42 is attached to the lower end of the heat pipe 34.
  • the lower end with the attachment 42 projects into a primary cooling channel 44 which is filled with an organic coolant 46.
  • This coolant is inert to alkali metals, especially sodium, even at high temperatures.
  • the lower area of the primary cooling channel 44 has a downwardly directed lamellar bulge 50, through which the organic coolant circulates in the direction of the arrow 48, around an extension 52 of the cap 42 designed as a partition.
  • the lamella-like lower part 50 of the primary cooling tube 44 in turn protrudes into a secondary cooling channel 54.
  • a conventional cooling medium 56 in particular air or water, flows through this secondary cooling channel 54.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
EP81810345A 1980-09-02 1981-08-24 Dispositif pour le réglage du flux de chaleur d'une cellule d'électrolyse à fusion de l'aluminium et procédé de fonctionnement de cette cellule Ceased EP0047227A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH6601/80 1980-09-02
CH660180 1980-09-02
DE19803033710 DE3033710A1 (de) 1980-09-02 1980-09-08 Vorrichtung zum regulieren des waermeflusses einer aluminiumschmelzflusselektrolysezelle und verfahren zum betrieb dieser zelle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0047227A2 true EP0047227A2 (fr) 1982-03-10
EP0047227A3 EP0047227A3 (fr) 1982-04-14

Family

ID=25699846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81810345A Ceased EP0047227A3 (fr) 1980-09-02 1981-08-24 Dispositif pour le réglage du flux de chaleur d'une cellule d'électrolyse à fusion de l'aluminium et procédé de fonctionnement de cette cellule

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0047227A3 (fr)
AU (1) AU7429281A (fr)
DE (1) DE3033710A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA815980B (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4749463A (en) * 1985-07-09 1988-06-07 H-Invent A/S Electrometallurgical cell arrangement
WO2001094667A1 (fr) * 2000-06-07 2001-12-13 Elkem Asa Cellule d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium et procede permettant de maintenir la croute sur une paroi laterale et de recuperer l'electricite
WO2002039043A1 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-16 Elkem Asa Procede de regulation de la temperature des composants dans des reacteurs haute temperature
WO2006053372A1 (fr) * 2004-10-21 2006-05-26 Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd Refroidissement interne d’une cellule de fusion électrolytique
US7527715B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2009-05-05 Aluminum Pechiney Method and system for cooling an electrolytic cell for aluminum production
WO2012039624A1 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Système et procédé permettant de commander la formation de couche latérale d'une cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium
WO2013055228A1 (fr) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-18 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Système et procédé de contrôle de la formation de couches dans une cuve d'électrolyse d'aluminium
WO2013055229A1 (fr) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-18 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Système et procédé de contrôle de la formation de couches dans une cuve d'électrolyse d'aluminium
WO2013004689A3 (fr) * 2011-07-05 2013-05-10 Trimet Aluminium Ag Installation d'électrolyse d'aluminium pour un fonctionnement commuté par le réseau
WO2013105867A1 (fr) * 2012-01-12 2013-07-18 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Cellule d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium comprenant un système de régulation de la température des parois latérales
EP3266904B1 (fr) 2016-07-05 2021-03-24 TRIMET Aluminium SE Installation a electrolyse ignee et procede de reglage de son fonctionnement
EP4551741A1 (fr) 2022-07-08 2025-05-14 Enpot Holdings Limited Procédé et appareil de fusion d'aluminium

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3223222C2 (de) * 1982-06-22 1987-04-16 Sigri GmbH, 8901 Meitingen Elektrolysezelle zum Gewinnen von Aluminium
CN102879270A (zh) * 2012-09-28 2013-01-16 江西理工大学 荷载和铝电解耦合作用下阴极炭块时变力学性能测试装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1758149C2 (de) * 1968-04-10 1974-07-25 Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Ag, 5300 Bonn Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Wärmehaushalts von Aluminium-Elektrolysezellen neuzeitlicher Bauart mit vorgebrannten, kontinuierlichen Anoden
NO135034B (fr) * 1975-04-10 1976-10-18 Norsk Hydro As
JPS5332811A (en) * 1976-09-07 1978-03-28 Mitsubishi Keikinzoku Kogyo Reduction of heat radiation in the aluminium electrolytic cell
HU177192B (en) * 1978-10-31 1981-08-28 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Combined boiler equipment utilizing the heat of flue gas for glass ovens of recuperative system

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4749463A (en) * 1985-07-09 1988-06-07 H-Invent A/S Electrometallurgical cell arrangement
WO2001094667A1 (fr) * 2000-06-07 2001-12-13 Elkem Asa Cellule d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium et procede permettant de maintenir la croute sur une paroi laterale et de recuperer l'electricite
US6811677B2 (en) 2000-06-07 2004-11-02 Elkem Asa Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum and a method for maintaining a crust on a sidewall and for recovering electricity
RU2241789C2 (ru) * 2000-06-07 2004-12-10 Элкем Аса Электролизер для получения алюминия и способы поддержания корки на боковой стенке и регенерации электричества
WO2002039043A1 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-16 Elkem Asa Procede de regulation de la temperature des composants dans des reacteurs haute temperature
US7527715B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2009-05-05 Aluminum Pechiney Method and system for cooling an electrolytic cell for aluminum production
CN101052750B (zh) * 2004-10-21 2013-04-17 Bhp比利顿创新公司 电解熔融池的内部冷却
EA010167B1 (ru) * 2004-10-21 2008-06-30 БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ИННОВЕЙШН ПТИ ЛТД. Внутреннее охлаждение электролизной плавильной ванны
US7699963B2 (en) 2004-10-21 2010-04-20 Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd. Internal cooling of electrolytic smelting cell
WO2006053372A1 (fr) * 2004-10-21 2006-05-26 Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd Refroidissement interne d’une cellule de fusion électrolytique
WO2012039624A1 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Système et procédé permettant de commander la formation de couche latérale d'une cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium
EP2619518A4 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2017-05-17 Goodtech Recovery Technology AS Système et procédé permettant de commander la formation de couche latérale d'une cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium
CN103210273A (zh) * 2010-09-22 2013-07-17 固特佳复原技术公司 在铝电解槽中控制侧层形成的系统和方法
WO2013004689A3 (fr) * 2011-07-05 2013-05-10 Trimet Aluminium Ag Installation d'électrolyse d'aluminium pour un fonctionnement commuté par le réseau
WO2013055229A1 (fr) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-18 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Système et procédé de contrôle de la formation de couches dans une cuve d'électrolyse d'aluminium
WO2013055228A1 (fr) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-18 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Système et procédé de contrôle de la formation de couches dans une cuve d'électrolyse d'aluminium
WO2013105867A1 (fr) * 2012-01-12 2013-07-18 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Cellule d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium comprenant un système de régulation de la température des parois latérales
EP2802686A4 (fr) * 2012-01-12 2015-08-26 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Cellule d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium comprenant un système de régulation de la température des parois latérales
EP3266904B1 (fr) 2016-07-05 2021-03-24 TRIMET Aluminium SE Installation a electrolyse ignee et procede de reglage de son fonctionnement
EP4551741A1 (fr) 2022-07-08 2025-05-14 Enpot Holdings Limited Procédé et appareil de fusion d'aluminium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0047227A3 (fr) 1982-04-14
DE3033710A1 (de) 1982-04-01
AU7429281A (en) 1982-03-11
ZA815980B (en) 1982-09-29

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