DK1746089T3 - PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2-cyanopyridine derivatives - Google Patents
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2-cyanopyridine derivatives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK1746089T3 DK1746089T3 DK06120806.2T DK06120806T DK1746089T3 DK 1746089 T3 DK1746089 T3 DK 1746089T3 DK 06120806 T DK06120806 T DK 06120806T DK 1746089 T3 DK1746089 T3 DK 1746089T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- cyanide
- process according
- salt
- halogen
- catalyst
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanopyridine Chemical class N#CC1=CC=CC=N1 FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 alkali metal cyanide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical group [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GDSROTVTTLUHCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Chemical compound FC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl GDSROTVTTLUHCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraoctylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium cyanide Chemical class [NH4+].N#[C-] ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005497 tetraalkylphosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007333 cyanation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- FUPKVFJSGNZICR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CN=C(C#N)C(Cl)=C1 FUPKVFJSGNZICR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- XGLVDUUYFKXKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-n,n-bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]ethanamine Chemical compound COCCOCCN(CCOCCOC)CCOCCOC XGLVDUUYFKXKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine N-oxide Chemical class [O-][N+]1=CC=CC=C1 ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FQLNIJUFWMYMST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyrimidin-2-ylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(=C)C1=NC=CC=N1 FQLNIJUFWMYMST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLEUXPOVZGDKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dicyanide Chemical compound [Ni+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] NLEUXPOVZGDKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/26—Radicals substituted by halogen atoms or nitro radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/84—Nitriles
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
DESCRIPTION
[0001] This invention relates to novel process for the preparation of 2-cyanopyridines, which compounds are useful as intermediates for the production of pesticides.
[0002] There have been a number of procedures published for introducing a cyano group at the 2-position of a pyridine moiety. These typically involve substitution of a halogen, in particular bromine or fluorine, in a polar solvent, e.g. dimethyl sulphoxide or dimethylformamide. In addition, there are numerous methods starting from the activated pyridine N-oxide or /V-alkylpyridine. Many of these cyanation routes use heavy metal reagents, containing copper or nickel. For example, EP0034917 discloses the preparation of 2-cyano-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine from the 2-bromo analogue by reaction with cuprous cyanide in dimethylformamide at 120°C.
[0003] However, many of these prior art processes suffer from one or more drawbacks, including poor yields, use of heavy metals which produce toxic effluents, or polar solvents which are difficult to recover. Further, methods which involve formation of the pyridine N-oxide or /V-alkylpyridine involve several steps. These drawbacks are more critical on scale-up to industrial scale.
[0004] International Patent Application WO 01/17970 describes the cyanation of 2-halopyridine compounds with an activating agent and a cyanide source in a polar solvent and thus avoids many of the above disadvantages. However there still remains with this procedure the need to recycle the activating agent and the aprotic solvent in order to minimise the costs for an industrial scale process.
[0005] US 4,851,539 discloses a process for the preparation of 2-cyano-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine by cyanation of 2-fluoro-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine using potassium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide as a cyanide source.
[0006] WO 92/18487 discloses pyrid-2-yl propenoic acid derivatives or pyrimidinyl propenoic acid derivatives and a process for their preparation. A process of cyanation by sodium or potassium cyanide in the presence of a trialkylamine and in an organic solvent is disclosed.
[0007] EP 0034917 discloses 2-cyano-3-halogeno-5-trifluoromethylpyridine compounds and a process for their production. A cyanation process in 2-position of a pyridine is disclosed in that document. The cyanation of a 2-bromo-3-halogeno-5-trifluoromethylpyridine is preferably carried out in a polar solvent.
[0008] We have now developed an alternative and improved process for the preparation of 2-cyanopyridines which is applicable to industrial scale processes.
[0009] Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a process for the preparation of a compound of general formula (II) general formula (II):
(ID or a salt thereof, which comprises treating a compound of general formula (III):
m or a salt thereof with a cyanide source chosen as being hydrogen cyanide, an alkali metal cyanide, an alkaline earth metal cyanide or an optionally substituted ammonium cyanide and a phase transfer catalyst in an aqueous solvent or without solvent, wherein X is halogen; each Y, which may be the same or different, is halogen, haloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylsulphonyl; n is 0 to 3.
[0010] In this invention halogen means a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom. The preferred halogen atom is chlorine.
[0011] Haloalkyl typically means a Ci to C6 alkyl moiety substituted by one or more halogen atoms. For example the Ci to C6 alkyl moiety may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl, preferably methyl. The C-| to C6 alkyl moiety is preferably substituted by one or more chlorine or fluorine atoms. A more preferred haloalkyl group is trifluoromethyl.
[0012] An alkoxycarbonyl group is typically Ci to C6 alkoxycarbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl or i-propoxycarbonyl.
[0013] An alkylsulphonyl group is typically Ci to C6 alkylsulphonyl in which the Ci to C6 moiety is as defined above.
[0014] Preferably X is chlorine.
[0015] Preferably Y is halogen or haloalkyl (more preferably trifluoromethyl).
[0016] Compound (III) is preferably 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine.
[0017] The catalyst is generally a phase transfer catalyst such as a tetraalkyl ammonium salt such as benzyl trimethylammonium chloride, tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetra-n-propylammonium bromide, n-dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride, tetra-n-butylammonium chloride, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, tetra-n-octylammonium bromide or n-tetradecyl trimethylammonium bromide; or a tetraalkyl phosphonium salt such as tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide or tetraphenylphosphonium bromide; or a crown ether or acyclic analogue thereof such as TDA-1 (tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine); or an amine such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine.
[0018] Preferably the catalyst is selected from tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride and tetra-n-octylammonium bromide.
[0019] The amount of catalyst used is generally from about 0.01 to 10 mol %, preferably from about 0.1 to 5 mol %, more preferably from about 1 to 5 mol %.
[0020] The above process of the invention is a high yielding process for the preparation of 2-cyanopyridines, which is simple to perform and operates at moderate temperatures and does not suffer from the drawbacks of many prior art processes. In particular the process of the invention does not require heavy metal cyanides such as copper or nickel cyanide, which, when used on an industrial scale, produce toxic effluent streams and are difficult to recover. The process of the invention produces waste streams, which are readily treatable.
[0021] In addition, the process does not require the preparation of activated pyridine/V-oxide or W-alkylpyridine for high conversions, which is a requisite for many of the prior art processes. The process of the invention does not require an activating agent such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine and hence avoids additional recovery and recycling steps. A further advantage of the process of the invention is that organic solvents are not used in the reaction, thus avoiding the need to recycle expensive solvents such as dimethyl sulphoxide.
[0022] The cyanide source is preferably sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide, preferably potassium cyanide. The amount of cyanide source used is generally from about 1.0 to about 2.0 molar equivalents (however more may be used if desired), preferably from 1.0 to 1.5 molar equivalents, more preferably from 1.0 to 1.1 molar equivalents.
[0023] The reaction is generally and preferably performed using water as solvent, however it may also be carried out in the absence of solvent.
[0024] The reaction conditions typically comprise combining all reactants in a suitable reaction vessel and stirring at a temperature of from 10 to 60°C, preferably from 20 to 40°C.
[0025] The present invention thus provides a high yielding process for the preparation of 2-cyanopyridines. Since the reaction uses moderate reaction temperatures, simple and inexpensive reactors and downstream processing equipment is all that is required. Furthermore, since the reactants are readily available, the process is inexpensive to operate. In addition, the present process produces waste streams that are readily treatable.
[0026] The present invention is further illustrated by the following preparative examples:
Example 1 [0027] A solution of potassium cyanide (71,6g) in water (215g) was added during 1 hour to a stirred mixture of 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine (199.5g) and Aliquat 336 (tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride, 12.1g) at 30°C. Stirring was maintained at this temperature for 4 hours at which time the amount of starting fluoride was less than 1% by hplc. The lower organic phase was separated and washed with aqueous sodium chloride solution and distilled to give 3-chloro-2-cyano-5-trifluoromethylpyridine (185.8g, 90% yield) bp 90°C at 15mbar. The purity of this product was 98%.
Example 2 [0028] Solid sodium cyanide (0.29g) was added to a stirred mixture of 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine (0.8g) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.06g) at 20-25°C, and stirred for 23 hours to give 3-chloro-2-cyano-5-trifluoromethylpyridine (0.68g, 82% yield by hplc).
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.
Patent documents cited in the description • FP0034817A røOQ21 [00071 • WO0117970A [00041 • ΙΙ.°·4Ρ.51639Α fOOOSl • WQ9218487A [00061
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0021066A GB0021066D0 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2000-08-25 | Novel process |
| GB0025616A GB0025616D0 (en) | 2000-10-19 | 2000-10-19 | Novel process |
| EP01420128A EP1199305A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 | 2001-06-07 | Process for the preparation of 2-aminomethylpyridines |
| EP01982337A EP1311483B1 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2001-08-21 | Process for the preparation of 2-aminomethyl-halogen-pyridines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK1746089T3 true DK1746089T3 (en) | 2015-08-24 |
Family
ID=35870489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK06120806.2T DK1746089T3 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2001-08-21 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2-cyanopyridine derivatives |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4922534B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100818566B1 (en) |
| BR (2) | BR0117363B1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1746089T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2545477T3 (en) |
| IL (2) | IL154014A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2266900C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3088390A1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-02 | Bayer CropScience AG | Catalytic hydrogenation of substituted cyanopyridines |
| EP3489221A1 (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-29 | Bayer AG | Process for the preparation of fluopicolide |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4159382A (en) * | 1978-06-28 | 1979-06-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for preparing picolylamine |
| JPS5663949A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-05-30 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Preparation of nitrile compound |
| JPS56118066A (en) * | 1980-02-21 | 1981-09-16 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 2-cyano-3-halogeno-5-trifluoromethylpyridine and its preparation |
| EP0034917B1 (en) * | 1980-02-21 | 1984-08-08 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. | 2-substituted-5-trifluoromethylpyridines and a process for producing the same |
| IL68822A (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1990-07-12 | Dow Chemical Co | Pyridyl(oxy/thio)phenoxy compounds,herbicidal compositions and methods of using them |
| US4851539A (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1989-07-25 | The Dow Chemical Company | 2,3-Difluoropyridine and 3-fluoro-2-pyridinyloxyphenol compounds |
| JPH06749B2 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1994-01-05 | 広栄化学工業株式会社 | Method for producing aminomethylpyridine |
| US4766219A (en) * | 1985-06-03 | 1988-08-23 | The Dow Chemical Company | Preparation of 2-cyano-6-chloropyridine compounds |
| AT391693B (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-11-12 | Cl Pharma | METHOD FOR PRODUCING 3-5-DIMETHYL-4METHOXYPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND NEW INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT THEREFOR |
| NZ242290A (en) * | 1991-04-15 | 1994-12-22 | Zeneca Ltd | Pyridyl and pyrimidinyl substituted oxime-o-benzyl ether derivatives; preparatory processes, fungicidal compositions and an intermediate |
| DE4132808A1 (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1993-04-08 | Hoechst Ag | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2-AMINOMETHYLPIPERIDINE |
| DE19529973A1 (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1997-02-20 | Hoechst Ag | Process for the preparation of ortho-nitrobenzonitriles |
| TW575562B (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 2004-02-11 | Agrevo Uk Ltd | Fungicides |
-
2001
- 2001-08-21 KR KR1020037002724A patent/KR100818566B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-21 BR BRPI0117363-4B1A patent/BR0117363B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-08-21 BR BRPI0117362-6B1A patent/BR0117362B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-08-21 RU RU2003107931/04A patent/RU2266900C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-21 JP JP2002521198A patent/JP4922534B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-21 DK DK06120806.2T patent/DK1746089T3/en active
- 2001-08-21 ES ES06120806.2T patent/ES2545477T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-01-16 IL IL154014A patent/IL154014A/en active IP Right Grant
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2008
- 2008-04-10 IL IL190807A patent/IL190807A/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL154014A (en) | 2010-11-30 |
| BR0117362B1 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
| BR0117363B1 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
| IL190807A0 (en) | 2008-11-03 |
| JP4922534B2 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
| IL190807A (en) | 2011-06-30 |
| JP2004506716A (en) | 2004-03-04 |
| RU2266900C2 (en) | 2005-12-27 |
| ES2545477T3 (en) | 2015-09-11 |
| KR20030024911A (en) | 2003-03-26 |
| KR100818566B1 (en) | 2008-04-01 |
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