DE9422438U1 - Stent - Google Patents
StentInfo
- Publication number
- DE9422438U1 DE9422438U1 DE9422438U DE9422438U DE9422438U1 DE 9422438 U1 DE9422438 U1 DE 9422438U1 DE 9422438 U DE9422438 U DE 9422438U DE 9422438 U DE9422438 U DE 9422438U DE 9422438 U1 DE9422438 U1 DE 9422438U1
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- Prior art keywords
- stent
- obtainable
- polymer
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- solution
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/146—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2/958—Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2240/00—Manufacturing or designing of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2240/001—Designing or manufacturing processes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0067—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
- A61L2300/22—Lipids, fatty acids, e.g. prostaglandins, oils, fats, waxes
- A61L2300/222—Steroids, e.g. corticosteroids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/416—Anti-neoplastic or anti-proliferative or anti-restenosis or anti-angiogenic agents, e.g. paclitaxel, sirolimus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/42—Anti-thrombotic agents, anticoagulants, anti-platelet agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/602—Type of release, e.g. controlled, sustained, slow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/606—Coatings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/606—Coatings
- A61L2300/608—Coatings having two or more layers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
Stent
Diese Erfindung betrifft intravaskuläre Stents zur Behandlung von Verletzungen von Blutgefäßen und insbesondere Stents mit einem Gerüst, auf das eine therapeutische Substanz oder ein Wirkstoff bzw. Arzneimittel aufgebracht ist.
Obwohl angioplastische Verfahren zur Behandlung von verschlossenen Arterien stark an Beliebtheit zugenommen haben, bleibt das Problem der Restenose nach der angioplastischen Behandlung ein erhebliches Problem. Restenose ist der Verschluß einer peripheren oder koronaren Arterie nach der Verwundung der Arterie, die durch Maßnahmen zur Öffnung eines verschlossenen Abschnitts der Arterie durch Angioplastik, wie zum Beispiel durch Ballondehnung, Artherektomie oder Laserabtragungsbehandlung der Arterie verursacht ist. Bei diesen angioplastischen Verfahren tritt Restenose in einer Rate von etwa 30 - 60 % in Abhängigkeit von dem Ort des Gefäßes, der Länge der Verwundung und einer Anzahl von anderen Variablen auf.
Ein Aspekt der Restenose kann einfach mechanisch sein, z.B. aufgrund des elastischen Zurückspringens der Arterienwand und/oder der durch das angioplastische Verfahren verursachten Sezierungen in der Gefäßwand. An diese mechanische Probleme hat man sich erfolgreich durch die Verwendung von Stents gewandt, um Sezierungen zusammenzufügen und ein elastisches Zurückspringen des Gefäßes zu verhindern, wodurch das Ausmaß von Restenose bei vielen Patienten reduziert wird. Der Stent wird typischerweise mit einem Katheter in ein Vaskulärlumen eingeführt und bis zur Berührung
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des verletzten Bereichs der Arterienwand expandiert,■ wodurch eine innere Stütze für das Lumen bereitgestellt wird. Beispiele für Stents, die erfolgreich über einem PTCA-Ballon eingeführt und zur gleichen Zeit mit der Ballonexpansion einer betroffenen Arterie expandiert wurden, schließen die in der US-A-4733665 (Palmaz), US-A-4800882 (Gianturco) und US-A-4886062 (Wiktor) offenbarten Stents ein, auf die■im gesamten Umfang Bezug genommen wird.
Es wird angenommen, daß ein anderer Aspekt von Restenose eine natürliche Heilungsreaktion der durch angioplastische Verfahren verursachten Verletzung der Arterienwand ist. Das Endergebnis der komplexen Schritte des Heilprozesses ist Intimahyperplasie, die Migration und Poliferation von medialen glatten Muskelzellen, bis die Arterie wieder verschlossen ist.
Um sich an beide Aspekte des Restenoseproblems zu wenden, wurde vorgeschlagen, Stents zur Verfügung zu stellen, die Endothelzellen tragen (siehe Dichek, D.A. et al. "Seeding of Intravascular Stents With Genetically Engineered Endothelial Cells", Circulation 8O-: 1347-1353 (1989)). Bei diesem Experiment wurden Endothelzellen von Schafen, die einem durch Retroviren vermittelten Gentransfer entweder von bakterieller beta-Galactosidase oder von humanem Gewebeplasminogen-Aktivator unterzogen waren, auf Stents aus rostfreiem Stahl verteilt und solange wachsen gelassen, bis die Stents bedeckt waren. Die Zellen konnten daher an die Gefäßwand abgegeben werden, wo sie therapeutische Proteine bereitstellen konnten·. Andere Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von therapeutischen Substanzen für die Gefäßwand umfassen einfache heparinbeschichte metallische Stents, wobei eine Heparinbeschichtung ionisch oder kovalent an den Stent gebunden ist. Es wurden auch noch weitere Verfahren zur Bereit-, Stellung von therapeutischen Substanzen für die Gefäßwand
I &Pgr;
mittels Stents vorgeschlagen, wie in der US-A-5102417 (PaI-maz), in der WO-91/12779 "Intraluminal Drug Eluting Prosthesis" und in der WO-90/13332 "Stent With Sustanied Drug Delivery". In den letzen beiden wurde vorgeschlagen, daß Antiplättchen-Mittel, Antigerinnungsmittel, antimikrobielle Mittel, Antimetaboliten-Mittel und andere Wirkstoffe bzw. Arzneimittel durch Stents zugeführt werden können, um das Auftreten von Restenose zu vermindern.
Metallstents, wie die in der US-A-4733665 (Palmaz), der US-A-4800882 (Gianturco) und der US-A-4886062 (Wiktor) offenbarten Stents, könnten insofern zur Wirkstoffabgabe geeignet sein, daß sie einen engen Kontakt zwischen einer auf der äußeren Oberfläche des Stents aufgebrachten Substanz und den Geweben des zu behandelnden Gefäßes aufrechterhalten können. Jedoch gibt es erhebliche Probleme, die überwunden werden müssen, um eine therapeutisch signifikante Menge einer Substanz auf dem Metall des Stents sicher bereitzustellen, diese während der Expansion des Stents bis zur Berührung der Blutgefäßwand auf dem Stent zu halten und auch die Wirkstoffabgaberate des auf dem Stent befindlichen Wirkstoffs an die Gefäßwand zu steuern.
Es bleibt daher ein Bedarf für Mittel zur Bereitstellung eines Stents mit einer therapeutisch signifikanten Menge eines darauf aufgebrachten Wirkstoffs.
Wir haben ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines intravaskulären Stents entdeckt, das diesen Bedarf erfüllt.
Im Hinblick auf einen Aspekt stellt die Erfindung daher ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines intravaskulären Stents zur Verfügung, das die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
. (a) Bereitstellen eines im wesentlichen zylinderförmigen Stentkörpers,
(b) Aufbringen einer Lösung, die ein Lösungsmittel, ein in dem Lösungsmittel gelöstes Polymer und eine in dem Lösungsmittel dispergierte therapeutische Substanz aufweist, auf den Stentkörper, und
(c) Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels.
Im Hinblick auf einen weiteren Aspekt stellt die Erfindung die Verwendung einer Lösung, die ein gelöstes Polymer und eine dispergierte therapeutische Substanz enthält, für die Herstellung eines therapeutischen Mittels zur Verfügung, das einen intravaskulären Stent mit einer polymeren, wirkstoff eluiernden Oberflächenbeschichtung aufweist.
Im Hinblick auf noch einen weiteren Aspekt stellt die Erfindung Stents zur Verfügung, die durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hergestellt sind.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird auf den Stentkörper und insbesondere auf seine das Gewebe berührende Oberfläche eine Lösung aufgetragen, die ein Lösungsmittel, ein in dem Lösungsmittel gelöstes Polymer und eine in dem Lösungsmittel dispergierte therapeutische Substanz (d.h. ein Wirkstoff bzw-, ein Arzneimittel) enthält, und das Lösungsmittel wird danach verdampft, so daß auf dem Stent eine wirkstoffeluiernde Polymerfläche zurückbleibt. Das Einbeziehen eines Polymers in engem Kontakt mit einem Wirkstoff auf dem Sßent ermöglicht, daß der Wirkstoff auf dem Stent in einer elastischen bzw. nachgebenden Matrix während der Expansion des Stents zurückgehalten wird und verlangsamt auch die Verabreichung des Wirkstoffs bzw. Arzneimittels nach der Implantation. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann
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eingesetzt werden, wenn der Stent- eine Metall- oder eine Polymeroberfläche aufweist. Das Verfahren ist auch ein äußerst einfaches Verfahren, da es ausgeführt werden kann, indem der Stent einfach in die Lösung getaucht wird, oder durch Sprühen der Lösung auf den Stent. Die auf dem Stent aufzunehmende Wirkstoffmenge kann einfach durch Auftragen mehrerer dünner Schichten der Lösung gesteuert werden, während zwischen den Beschichtungen trocknen gelassen wird. Die Gesamtschicht sollte allgemein dünn genug sein, so daß sie das Profil des Stents für eine intravaskuläre Einführung durch einen Katheter nicht erheblich erhöht. Sie ist daher vorzugsweise weniger als 0,002 Zoll (0,05 mm) dick und besonders vorzugsweise weniger als 0,001 Zoll (0,02.5 mm) dick. Die Haftung der Beschichtung und die Rate, mit der der Wirkstoff bzw. das Arzneimittel abgegeben wird, kann durch die Auswahl eines geeigneten bioabsorbierbaren oder biostabilen Polymers und durch das Verhältnis von Wirkstoff zu Polymer in der Lösung geregelt werden. Durch dieses Verfahren können Wirkstoffe bzw. Arzneimittel, wie Glucocorticoide (z.B. Dexamethason, Betamethason), Heparin, Hirudin, Tocopherol, Angiopeptin, Aspirin, ACE-Hemmstoffe, Wachstumsfaktoren, Oligonukleotide und ganz allgemein Antiplättchen-Mittel, Antigerinnungsmittel, antimitotische Mittel, Antioxidantien, Antimetaboliten-Mittel und antientzündliche Mittel auf einen Stent aufgetragen werden, während der Expansion des Stents auf einem Stent zurückgehalten werden und der Wirkstoff kann mit einer geregelten Geschwindigkeit eluieren. Die Freisetzungsgeschwindigkeit kann darüber hinaus durch Veränderung des Verhältnisses von Wirkstoff zu Polymer in den mehreren Schichten gesteuert werden. Zum Beispiel würde ein höheres Wirkstoff-zuPolymer-Verhältnis in den äußeren Schichten als in den inneren Schichten zu einer höheren Anfangsdosis führen, die mit der Zeit abnehmen würde.
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&iacgr; i &bgr;*
Bei der Anwendung kann der gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung hergestellte Stent Wirkstoff an ein Körperlumen abgeben, indem der Stent transluminal in einen ausgewählten Abschnitt des Körperlumens eingeführt wird und der Stent bis zur Berührung des Körperlumens radial expandiert wird. Die transluminale Einführung kann durch einen Katheter ausgeführt werden, der für die Einführung von Stents ausgelegt ist, und die radiale Expansion kann durch eine Ballonexpansion des Stents, durch Selbstexpansion des Stents oder eine Kombination von Selbstexpansion und Ballonexpansion ausgeführt werden.
Somit stellt die vorliegende Erfindung einen Stent zur Verfügung, der in ein ausgewähltes Blutgefäß eingeführt und darin expandiert werden kann, ohne eine therapeutisch erhebliche Menge eines darauf aufgebrachten Wirkstoffs bzw. Arzneimittels zu verlieren. Sie stellt auch einen wirkstoffenthaltenden Stent zur Verfügung, der eine verzögerte Freisetzung des Wirkstoffes an das Gefäßgewebe erlaubt.
Die zugrundeliegende Struktur des erfindungsgemäß genutzten Stents kann eigentlich jede beliebige Stentausführung sein, zum Beispiel der sich selbst expandierende Typ oder der durch einen Ballon expandierbare Typ, und er kann aus Metall oder aus Polymermaterial sein. Somit können metallische Stentausführungen, wie die in US-A-4733665 (Palmaz), US-A-4800882 (Gianturco) und US-A-4886062 (Wiktor) offenbarten Stents, bei der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden. Der Stent kann eigentlich aus jedem beliebigen bioverträglichen Material mit für die Ausführung geeigneten physikalischen Eigenschaften hergestellt werden. Zum Beispiel haben sich Tantal und rostfreier Stahl für viele derartige Ausführungen als geeignet erwiesen und können bei der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden. Ebenso können Stents, die aus biostabilen oder bioabsorbierbaren Polyme-
ren hergestellt sind, wie Poly(ethylenterephthalat), PoIyacetal, Poly(milchsäure), Poly(ethylenoxid)/Poly(butylenterephthalat) -Copolymer, bei der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden. Obwohl die Stentoberflache sauber und frei von Kontaminanten sein soll, die während der Herstellung aufgebracht werden könnten, benötigt die Stentoberfläche keine besondere Oberflächenbehandlung, um die bei der vorliegenden Erfindung aufgebrachte Beschichtung zu halten. Sowohl die inneren als auch die äußeren Oberflächen des Stents können mit der Beschichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung versehen sein.
Um den beschichteten Stent gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bereitzustellen, wird zuerst eine Lösung hergestellt, die ein Lösungsmittel, ein in dem Lösungsmittel gelöstes Polymer und eine in dem Lösungsmittel dispergierte therapeutische Substanz enthält. Das Lösungsmittel, das Polymer und die therapeutische Substanz sollten natürlich wechselseitig kompatibel bzw. verträglich sein. Das Lösungsmittel sollte dazu in der Lage sein, das Polymer in der gewünschten Konzentration in Lösung zu halten. Darüber hinaus sollten das Lösungsmittel und das Polymer die therapeutischen Eigenschaften der therapeutischen Substanz nicht chemisch verändern. Jedoch muß die therapeutische Substanz in dem Lösungsmittel lediglich dispergiert vorliegen, so daß sie entweder als eine echte Lösung mit dem Lösungsmittel oder in feinen Partikeln in dem Lösungsmittel dispergiert vorliegen kann. Beispiele für einige geeignete Kombinationen von Polymer, Lösungsmittel und therapeutischer Substanz sind in der Tabelle 1 nachstehend aufgeführt.
i ft · · · ·
| Polymer | Lösungsmittel | Therapeutische |
| Poly(L-Milchsäure) | Substanz | |
| Poly(milchsäure-co- glycolsäure) |
Chloroform | Dexamethason |
| Polyetherurethan | Aceton | Dexamethason |
| Silikonklebstoff | N-Methylpyrrolidon | Tocopherol (Vi tamin E) |
| Poly(hydroxy- butyrat-cohydroxy- valerat) |
Xylol | Dexamethason- phosphat |
| Fibrin | Dichlormethan | Aspirin |
| Wasser (gepufferte Salzlösung) |
Heparin |
Die Lösung wird auf den Stent aufgebracht und die Lösung wird verdampfen gelassen, wodurch auf der Stentoberfläche eine Beschichtung aus dem Polymer und der therapeutischen Substanz zurückgelassen wird. Typischerweise kann die Lösung entweder durch Sprühen der Lösung auf den Stent oder durch Eintauchen des Stents in die Lösung auf den Stent aufgetragen werden. Ob man die Auftragung durch Tauchen oder die Auftragung durch Sprühen wählt, hängt grundsätzlich von der Viskosität und der Oberflächenspannung der Lösung ab, jedoch wurde herausgefunden, daß Sprühen mit einem feinem Spray, wie dem durch Airbrush erhältlichen Spray, eine Beschichtung mit der größten Gleichmäßigkeit bereitstellt und die beste Regelung der Menge des auf den Stent aufzubringenden Beschichtungsmaterials bereitstellt. Bei einer Beschichtung, die entweder durch Sprühen oder durch Tauchen aufgebracht wurde, sind mehrere Auftragungsschritte allgemein erwünscht, um eine verbesserte Gleichmäßigkeit der Be^ Schichtung und eine verbesserte Regelung der Menge der auf
den Stent aufzutragenden therapeutischen Substanz bereitzustellen.
Das gewählte Polymer sollte ein Polymer sein, das bioverträglich ist und eine Reizung der Gefäßwand minimiert, wenn der Stent implantiert wird. Das Polymer kann entweder ein biostabiles oder ein bioabsorbierbares Polymer sein, in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Freisetzungsrate oder dem gewünschten Stabilitätsgrad des Polymers, aber ein bioabsorbierbares Polymer kann besonders wünschenswert sein, da es, anders als ein biostabiles Polymer, nicht lange nach der Implantation vorliegt, um irgendwelche ungünstigen chronischen örtlichen Reaktionen auszulösen. Bioabsorbierbare Polymere, die verwendet werden können, umfassen Poly (L-Milchsäure), Polycaprolacton, Poly(lactid-coglycolid), Polyhydroxybutyrat, Poly(hydroxybutyrat-covalerat), Polydioxanon, Polyorthoester, Polyanyhydrid, Poly(gycolsäure), Poly (D,L-Milchsäure), Poly(glycolsäure-cotrimethylencarbonat) , Polyphosphoester, Polyphosphoesterurethan, Poly (aminosäuren) , Cyanoacrylate, Poly(trimethylencarbonat), Poly(iminocarbonat), Copoly(etherester) (z.B. PEO/PLA), Polyalkylenoxalate, Polyphosphazene und Biomoleküle wie Fibrin, Fibrinogen, Cellulose, Stärke, Collagen und Hyaluronsäure. Ebenso können biostabile Polymere mit einer relativ geringen chronischen Gewebereaktion, wie Polyurethane, Silikone und Polyester, verwendet werden und andere Polymere können auch verwendet werden, wenn sie gelöst und auf dem Stent gehärtet oder polymerisiert werden können, wie Polyolefine, Polyisobutylen und Ethylen-Alphaolefin-Copolymere; Acrylpolymere und Copolymere; Vinylhalogenidpolymere und Copolymere^, wie Polyvinylchlorid; Polyvinylether, wie PoIyvinylmethylether; Polyvinylidenhalogenide, wie Polyvinylidenfluorid und Polyvinylidenchlorid; Polyacrylonitril, Polyvinylketone; Polyvinylaromaten, wie Polysytrol, Polyvinylester, wie Polyvinylacetat; Copolymere von Vinylmonome-
f ■» ~
ren miteinander und mit Olefinen, wie Ethylen-Methylmethacrylat-Copolymere, Acrylonitril-Styrol-Copolymere, ABS-Harze und Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymere; Polyamide, wie Nylon 66 und Polycaprolactam; Alkydharze; Polycarbonate; Polyoxymethylene; Polyamide; Polyether; Epoxyharze; Polyurethane; Rayon; Rayontriacetat; Cellulose, Celluloseacetat, Cellulosebutyrat; Celluloseacetatbutyrat; Cellophan; Cellulosenitrat; Cellulosepropionat; Celluloseether und Carboxymethylcellulose.
Das Verhältnis von therapeutischer Substanz zu Polymer in der Lösung hängt von der Wirksamkeit des Polymers ab, die therapeutische Substanz auf dem Stent sicher festzuhalten, und der Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Beschichtung die therapeutische Substanz an das Gewebe des Blutgefäßes freisetzt. Mehr Polymer kann nötig sein, wenn es eine relativ schlechte Wirksamkeit bei der Zurückhaltung der therapeutischen Substanz auf dem Stent aufweist, und mehr Polymer kann notwendig sein, um eine Elutionsmatrix bereitzustellen, die die Elution einer sehr löslichen therapeutischen Substanz begrenzt. Daher kann ein breites Verhältnis von therapeutischer Substanz zu Polymer geeignet sein und das Gewichtsverhältnis kann von etwa 10:1 bis etwa 1:100 reichen.
Die bei der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendete therapeutische Substanz kann eigentlich jede beliebige therapeutische Substanz sein, die gewünschte therapeutische Eigenschaften für eine Auftragung auf ein Blutgefäß besitzt. Dies kann sowohl feste Substanzen als auch flüssige Substanzen einschließen. ■'■ Zum Beispiel können Glucocorticoide (z.B. Dexamethason, Betamethason), Heparin, Hirudin, Tocopherol, Angiopeptin, Aspirin, ACE-Hemmstoffe, Wachstumsfaktoren, Oligonukleotide und allgemein Antiplättchen-Mittel, Antigerinnungsmittel, antimitotische Mittel, Antioxidantien, Antime-
taboliten-Mittel und antientzündliche Mittel verwendet werden. Antiplättchen-Mittel können Arzneimittel, wie Aspirin und Dipyridamol einschließen. Aspirin wird als ein analgetisches, antipyretisches, antientzündliches und Antiplättchen-Arzneimittel klassifiziert. Dipyridimol ist ein Arzneimittel, das dahingehend ähnlich mit Aspirin ist, daß es Antiplättchen-Eigenschaften aufweist. Dipyridimol wird auch als Koronargefaßerweiterungsmittel klassifiziert. Antigerinnungsmittel können Arzneimittel wie Heparin, Coumadin, Protamin, Hirudin und Zecken-Antigerinnungsprotein einschließen. Antimitotische und Antimetaboliten-Mittel können Arzneimittel wie Methotrexat, Azathioprin, Vincristin, Vinblastin, Fluorouracil, Adriamycin und Mutamycin einschließen.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nun weiter unter Bezugnahme auf die folgenden, nicht einschränkenden Beispiele und die angefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben, wobei:
Figur 1 eine Auftragung zeigt, die Elutionsprofile für Stents gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung mit einer Beschichtung aus Dexamethason und Poly(L-Milchsäure) darstellt, die gemäß Beispiel 6 hergestellt sind, und
Figur 2 eine Auftragung zeigt, die Elutionsprofile für sterilisierte Stents gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung mit einer Beschichtung aus Dexamethason und Poly(L-Milchsäure) darstellt, die gemäß Beispiel 7 hergestellt sind.
In den Beispielen beziehen sich Prozentangaben und Verhältnisse auf das Gewicht, soweit nichts anderes angegeben ist.
BEISPIEL 1 (Vergleichsbeispiel)
Eine l%ige Lösung von Dexamethason in Aceton wurde hergestellt und bildete eine klare Lösung. Die Lösung wurde in ein Airbrush-Reservoir (Badger #200) gegeben. Tantaldraht-Stents nach Wiktor wurden mit der Lösung in kurzen Stößen besprüht, während die Stents gedreht wurden. Das Aceton verdampfte schnell von- den Stents und ließ einen weißen Rückstand auf dem Stentdraht zurück. Das Verfahren wurde weitergeführt, bis sämtliche Stentdrähte beschichtet waren. Die Wirkstoffelutionsgeschwindigkeit des Stents wurde durch Eintauchen der Stents in phosphatgepufferte Salzlösung (pH = 7,4) bestimmt. Es wurde beobachtet, daß nach weniger als 31 Stunden Spuren von Dexamethason auf den eingetauchten Stents verblieben. ·
BEISPIEL 2 (Vergleichsbeispiel)
Eine 2%ige Lösung von Dexamethason in Aceton wurde hergestellt und bildete eine Lösung mit suspendierten Dexamethason-Partikeln. Die Lösung wurde in ein Röhrchen eingesetzt. Tantaldraht-Stents nach Wiktor wurden schnell eingetaucht und trocknen gelassen. Jeder Stent wurde 12 bis 15 mal in die Lösung getaucht, um eine weiße Oberflächenbeschichtung bereitzustellen. Zwei Stents wurden auf einen angioplastischen Ballon gesetzt und auf dem Ballon aufgeblasen. Etwa 80 % der Dexamethasonbeschichtung schuppten sich von den Stents ab.
Eine Lösung von 1% Dexamethason und 0,5% Poly(caprolacton) (Aldrich 18,160-9) in Aceton wurde hergestellt. Die Lösung wurde in ein Röhrchen gegeben. Tantaldraht-Stents nach Wiktor wurden schnell eingetaucht und trocknen gelassen. Jeder Stent wurde 12 bis 15 mal in die Lösung eingetaucht, um ei-
• f '*' i
4,
ne weiße Oberflächenbeschichtung bereitzustellen. Ein derart beschichteter Stent wurde auf einem angioplastischen Ballon mit 3,5 mm expandiert, wodurch eine erhebliche Menge der Beschichtung abgelöst wurde.
Eine Lösung von 1 % Dexamethason und 0,5 % Poly(L-Milchsäure) (Medisorb) in Aceton wurde hergestellt. Die Lösung wurde in ein Röhrchen gegeben. Tantaldraht-Stents nach Wiktor wurden schnell eingetaucht und trocknen gelassen. Jeder Stent wurde 12 bis 15 mal in die Lösung eingetaucht, um eine weiße Oberflächenbeschichtung bereitzustellen. Ein derart beschichteter Stent wurde auf einem angioplastischen Ballon mit 3,5 mm expandiert, wodurch nur ein geringer Teil der Beschichtung (weniger als 2 5 %) abgelöst wurde.
Eine Lösung, die eine 2%ige. Dispersion von Dexamethason und eine l%ige Lösung von Poly(L-Milchsäure) (CCA Biochem MW = 550.000) in Chloroform wurde hergestellt. Die Lösung wurde in ein Airbrushgerät (Badger) gegeben. Tantaldraht-Stents nach Wiktor wurden in kurzen Stößen besprüht und trocknen gelassen. Jeder Stent wurde etwa 20 mal mit der Lösung besprüht, um eine weiße Oberflächenbeschichtung bereitzustellen. Ein so beschichteter Stent wurde auf einem angioplastischen Ballon mit 3,5 mm expandiert. Während des gesamten Verlaufs blieb die Beschichtung auf dem Stent haften.
Eine Lösung, die eine 2%ige Dispersion von Dexamethason und eine l%ige Lösung von Poly(L-Milchsäure) (CCA Biochem MW =
550.000) in Chloroform enthielt, wurde hergestellt. Die Lösung wurde in ein Airbrushgerät (Badger #250-2) gegeben. Tantaldraht-Stents nach Wiktor wurden an einer Befestigung aufgehängt und mit 24 kurzen Stößen besprüht (6 Stöße aus jeder der 4 Richtungen senkrecht zu der Stentachse) und wurden trocknen gelassen. Die resultierenden Stents hatten ein Beschichtungsgewicht von etwa 0,0006 bis 0,0015 Gramm. Drei der Stents wurden auf Langzeitelution geprüft, indem ein Stent in 3,0 ml phosphatgepufferte Salzlösung (pH = 7,4) bei Umgebungstemperatur ohne Rühren gestellt wurde. Die Menge von eluiertem Dexamethason wurde durch Messung der Absorption bei 244 nm in einem UV-VIS-Spektrophotometer ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Prüfung sind in Figur 1 dargestellt.
Eine Lösung, die eine 2%ige Dispersion von Dexamethason und eine l%ige Lösung von Poly(L-Milchsäure) (Medisorb 100-L) in Chloroform enthielt, wurde zusammen mit einer Kontrolllösung mit 1 % Poly(L-Milchsäure) (Medisorb 100-L) in Chloroform hergestellt. Die Lösungen wurden in ein Airbrushgerät (Badger #250-2) gegeben. Tantaldraht-Stents nach Wiktor wurden auf. einem Ballon mit 3,0 mm expandiert, an einer Befestigung aufgehängt und mit 16 kurzen Stößen (2-3 Stößen von etwa einer Sekunde gefolgt von mehreren Minuten Trocknungszeit zwischen den Anwendungen) besprüht. Die resultierenden Dexamethason-beschichteten Stents hatten ein mittleres Beschichtungsgewicht von 0,0012 Gramm, während die polymerbeschichteten Stents ein mittleres Polymergewicht von etwa 0,000*4 Gramm aufwiesen. Die Stents wurden in Ethylenoxid sterilisiert. Drei der sterilisierten Dexamethasonbeschichteten Stents wurden auf Langzeitelution geprüft, indem ein Stent in 3,0 ml phosphatgepufferte Salzlösung (pH = 7,4) bei Umgebungstemperatur ohne Rühren eingesetzt wur-
'•IC** ? ■ · *
«■«
de. Die Menge von eluiertem Dexamethason wurde durch Messen der Absorption bei 244 nm in einem UV-VIS-Spektrophotometer ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse dieses Tests sind in Figur 2 dargestellt. Dexamethason-beschichtete Stents und Polymerbeschichtete Kontrollstents wurden in die Koronararterien von 8 Schweinen (N = 12 für jeden Typ) gemäß den in "Restenosis After Balloon Angioplasty - A Practical Poliferative Model in Porcine Corornary Arteries" von Robert S. Schwartz et al, Circulation 82_ (6): 2190-2200 (1990), und "Restenosis and the Proportional Neointimal Response to Coronary Artery Injury: Results in a Porcine Model" von Robert S. Schwartz et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 1S>: 267-274 (1992) dargestellten Verfahren implantiert, mit dem Ergebnis, daß im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen die Dexamethason-beschichteten Stents den mit der Arterienverletzung verbundenen Proliferationsumfang reduzierten.
Claims (25)
1. Intravaskulärer Stent mit einem im wesentlichen zylinderförmigen Stentkörper, der eine polymere, wirkstoffeluierende Oberflächenbeschichtung aufweist, wobei der Stent durch ein Verfahren mit den folgenden Schritten erhältlich ist:
a) Bereitstellen eines im wesentlichen zylinderförmigen Stentkörpers,
b) Aufbringen einer Lösung, die ein Lösungsmittel, ein Polymer und eine therapeutische Substanz aufweist, auf den Stentkörper, und
c) Trocknen der Lösung, wodurch eine Beschichtung aus einem Polymer und der therapeutischen Substanz auf dem Stentkörper bereitgestellt wird.
2. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, das weiterhin den Schritt des Wiederholens des Schrittes des Aufbringens einer Lösung, die ein Lösungsmittel, ein Polymer und eine therapeutische Substanz aufweist, auf den Stentkörper umfaßt.
3. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Lösung ein Lösungsmittel, ein in dem Lösungsmittel gelöstes Polymer und eine in dem Lösungsmittel gelöste therapeutische Substanz aufweist.
4. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, das ferner den Schritt des Wiederholens des Schrittes des Auftragens der Lösung, die ein Lösungsmittel, ein in dem Lösungsmittel gelöstes Polymer und eine in dem Lösungsmittel gelöste therapeutische Substanz aufweist, auf den Stentkörper umfaßt.
5. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Lösung ein Lösungsmittel, ein in dem Lösungsmittel gelöstes Polymer und eine in dem Lösungsmittel gelöste therapeutische Substanz aufweist.
6. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, das weiterhin den Schritt des Wiederholens des Schrittes des Auftragens einer Lösung, die ein Lösungsmittel, ein in dem Lösungsmittel gelöstes Polymer und eine in dem Lösungsmittel dispergierte therapeutische Substanz aufweist, auf den Stentkörper umfaßt.
7. Stent, erhältlich nach einem Verfahren nach einen der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der Stentkörper eine Metalloberfläche aufweist.
8. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der Stentkörper eine Polymeroberfläche aufweist.
9. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Lösung durch Sprühen auf den Körper aufgebracht wird.
10. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Lösung durch Immersion bzw. Eintauchen auf den Körper aufgebracht wird.
11. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Lösung durch eine Mehrzahl von Aufbringungs- und Trocknungsschritten auf den Körper aufgebracht wird.
12. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei das Konzentrationsverhältnis der therapeutischen Substanz zu dem Polymer in der Lösung zwischen einigen der Mehrzahl von Aufbringungsschritten variiert.
13. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei das Polymer ein bioabsorbierbares Polymer ist.
14. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei das Polymer aus Poly(L-Milchsäure), Poly(lactidcoglycolid) und Poly(hydroxybutyrat-covalerat) ausgewählt ist.
15. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei das Polymer ein biostabiles Polymer ist.
16. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, wobei das Polymer aus Silikonen, Polyurethanen, Polyestern, Vinylhomopolymeren und -copolymeren, Acrylathomopolymeren und -copolymeren, Polyethern und Cellulosederivaten ausgewählt ist.
17. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei das Polymer aus Poly(L-Milchsäure), Poly(lactidcoglycolid), Fibrin, Silikon, Polyurethan und Poly(phosphoresterurethan) ausgewählt ist.
18. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis der therapeutischen Substanz zu dem Polymer in der Lösung in dem Bereich von etwa 10 : 1 bis 1 : 100 liegt.
19. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, wobei die therapeutische Substanz aus Glucocorticoiden, Dexamethason, Dexamethason-Natriumphosphat, Antigerinnungsmitteln, Heparin, Hirudin, Zecken- Antigerinnungspeptid, Angiopeptin, antimitotischen Agenzien und Oligonukleotiden ausgewählt ist.
20. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, wobei die therapeutische Substanz ein antimitotisches Mittel ist.
21. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Stent ein mit einem Ballon expandierbarer Stent ist.
22. Stent, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Beschichtung weniger als 0,005 cm dick ist.
23. Stent mit einer polymeren, ein antimitotisches Mittel freisetzenden Beschichtung.
24. Stent mit einer polymeren, ein Oligonukleotid freisetzenden Beschichtung.
25. Intravaskulärer Stent mit einem im wesentlichen zylinderförmigen Stentkörper, der eine polymere, wirkstoffeluierende Beschichtung aufweist, wobei der Stent durch ein Verfahren mit den folgenden Schritten erhältlich ist:
a) Bereitstellen eines im wesentlichen zylinderförmigen Stentkörpers,
b) Sprühen einer Lösung, die ein Lösungsmittel, ein in dem Lösungsmittel gelöstes Polymer und eine in dem Lösungsmittel dispergierte therapeutische Substanz aufweist, auf den Stentkörper, und
c) Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/052,878 US5464650A (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Intravascular stent and method |
| EP94302807A EP0623354B2 (de) | 1993-04-26 | 1994-04-20 | Intravaskuläre Stents |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE9422438U1 true DE9422438U1 (de) | 2002-04-25 |
Family
ID=21980501
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69431457T Expired - Lifetime DE69431457T3 (de) | 1993-04-26 | 1994-04-20 | Stent |
| DE9422438U Expired - Lifetime DE9422438U1 (de) | 1993-04-26 | 1994-04-20 | Stent |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69431457T Expired - Lifetime DE69431457T3 (de) | 1993-04-26 | 1994-04-20 | Stent |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (5) | US5464650A (de) |
| EP (2) | EP1181943A1 (de) |
| JP (2) | JP3673973B2 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE69431457T3 (de) |
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| US8449603B2 (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2013-05-28 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Endoprosthesis coating |
| US8231980B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2012-07-31 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical implants including iridium oxide |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69431457T2 (de) | 2003-06-26 |
| US5624411A (en) | 1997-04-29 |
| JP3963020B2 (ja) | 2007-08-22 |
| EP1181943A1 (de) | 2002-02-27 |
| US5837008A (en) | 1998-11-17 |
| US5679400A (en) | 1997-10-21 |
| JPH0833718A (ja) | 1996-02-06 |
| US5776184A (en) | 1998-07-07 |
| EP0623354A1 (de) | 1994-11-09 |
| EP0623354B2 (de) | 2010-12-01 |
| JP3673973B2 (ja) | 2005-07-20 |
| DE69431457T3 (de) | 2011-09-01 |
| JP2005199079A (ja) | 2005-07-28 |
| EP0623354B1 (de) | 2002-10-02 |
| US5464650A (en) | 1995-11-07 |
| DE69431457D1 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
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