DE9316008U1 - Arrangement for measuring the flow rate of air-permeated milk - Google Patents
Arrangement for measuring the flow rate of air-permeated milkInfo
- Publication number
- DE9316008U1 DE9316008U1 DE9316008U DE9316008U DE9316008U1 DE 9316008 U1 DE9316008 U1 DE 9316008U1 DE 9316008 U DE9316008 U DE 9316008U DE 9316008 U DE9316008 U DE 9316008U DE 9316008 U1 DE9316008 U1 DE 9316008U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- arrangement according
- measuring
- milk
- resonance
- arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 17
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
- A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
- A01J5/013—On-site detection of mastitis in milk
- A01J5/0138—On-site detection of mastitis in milk by using temperature
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
- A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
- A01J5/013—On-site detection of mastitis in milk
- A01J5/0134—On-site detection of mastitis in milk by using filters or decanters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
- G01D3/028—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure
- G01D3/036—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
- G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
- G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
- G01F1/60—Circuits therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/24—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
Description
ANORDNUNG ZUR MESSUNG DER DURCHFLUSSMENGE LUFTDURCHSETZTER MILCHARRANGEMENT FOR MEASURING THE FLOW RATE OF AIRED MILK
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anordnung zum Messen der Durchflussmenge von luftdurchsetzter Milch der im Oberbegriff des -nspruches 1 genannten Art.The invention relates to an arrangement for measuring the flow rate of aerated milk of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
Zum Messen der Durchflussmenge von luftdurchsetzer Milch ist es bekannt, einen Durchflussmesser und einen Milchwiderstandsmesser hintereinander in die Messleitung einzufügen, und dann mittels eines Rechners den Messwert des Milchwiderstandes in den Kehrwert des füllgradproportionalen Leitwertes umzurechnen und diesen wiederum mit dem Messwert des Durchflusses zu multiplizieren. Da die Distanz zwischen den beiden Messstellen eine zeitliche Verzögerung bewirkt, muss das erste Messignal abhängig von der Durchflussgeschwindigkeit rechnerisch verzögert werden, damit annähernd richtige Produkte der Durchflussmenge gerechnet werden können. Solche Anordnungen sind nebst der Messunggenauigkeit die aus dieser örtlichen und zeitlichen Verschiebung entstehen auch voluminös und teuer. Damit ist der Einsatzbereich solcher Anordnungen auf stationäre Applikationen beschränkt.To measure the flow rate of aerated milk, it is known to insert a flow meter and a milk resistance meter one after the other into the measuring line, and then use a computer to convert the measured value of the milk resistance into the reciprocal of the conductance proportional to the filling level and then multiply this by the measured value of the flow. Since the distance between the two measuring points causes a time delay, the first measurement signal must be mathematically delayed depending on the flow rate so that approximately correct products of the flow rate can be calculated. In addition to the measurement accuracy resulting from this spatial and temporal shift, such arrangements are also bulky and expensive. The area of application of such arrangements is therefore limited to stationary applications.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine einfache Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der die Messung der Durchflussmenge weitestgehend von der Verzögerung zwischen den beiden auseinanderliegenden Sensoren bedingt durch die Fliessgeschwindigkeit unabhängig wird, und die Anordnung kompakt und preiswert wird.The invention is based on the object of creating a simple arrangement of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which the measurement of the flow rate is largely independent of the delay between the two spaced-apart sensors caused by the flow velocity, and the arrangement is compact and inexpensive.
Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.In the following, embodiments are explained in more detail using the drawings.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig.l: eine Anordnung zum Messen einer DurchflussmengeFig.l: an arrangement for measuring a flow rate
Fig.2: ein Schaltbild einer füllgradproportionalen Milchlei twertiuessungFig.2: a circuit diagram of a filling level proportional milk conductivity measurement
Fig.3: ein Schaltbild einer ansprechzeitkompensierten Temperaturkompensation des MilchleitwertesFig.3: a circuit diagram of a response time compensated temperature compensation of the milk conductance
Fig.4: ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Magnet-Erregungskreises Fig.4: an embodiment of a magnetic excitation circuit
Fig.5: ein Schaltbild eines ResonanzoszillatorsFig.5: a circuit diagram of a resonance oscillator
Durch das Messrohr 1 fliesst die Milch durch ein von zwei je über und unter dem Rohr liegenden Spulen 3 und 4 erregtes Magnetfeld 8 und induziert eine geschwindigkeitsproportionale Spannung 7 zwischen den Elektroden 5 und 6. Unmittelbar danach fliesst die Milch mit null bis hundert Prozent Luft durchmischt zwischen zwei Elektroden 9 und 10 hindurch, was einem elektrischen Leitwert von null bis hundert Prozent proportional dem Füllgrad des Rohrquerschnittes an dieser Stelle entspricht. Weil der Abstand 11 in der Grössenordnung des Rohrdurchmessers liegt, sind Variationen des Füllgrades minim und unerheblich, da man durch integrierende Tiefpassfilter 14 und 15 von beispielsweise 5Hz Grenzfrequenz, welche je hinter die Durchfluss- und Füllgrad- Elektronik 12 und 13 geschaltet sind, immer grössere Milchstrecken im Messrohr zusammen erfasst. Bei ein bis zehn Meter pro Sekunde Geschwindigkeit und einer Anstiegszeit von 0,1 Sekunden ist bei einer Distanz 11 von 50 mm die Verzögerung von 0,05 Sekunden bei einem Meter pro Sekunde meist innerhalb des Integrationsintervalles.The milk flows through the measuring tube 1 through a magnetic field 8 excited by two coils 3 and 4 located above and below the tube, and induces a voltage 7 proportional to the speed between the electrodes 5 and 6. Immediately afterwards, the milk flows through between two electrodes 9 and 10, mixed with zero to one hundred percent air, which corresponds to an electrical conductivity of zero to one hundred percent proportional to the degree of filling of the tube cross-section at this point. Because the distance 11 is of the order of magnitude of the tube diameter, variations in the degree of filling are minimal and insignificant, since increasingly larger milk distances in the measuring tube are recorded together by integrating low-pass filters 14 and 15 of, for example, 5 Hz cut-off frequency, which are each connected behind the flow and degree of filling electronics 12 and 13. At a speed of one to ten meters per second and a rise time of 0.1 seconds at a distance of 50 mm, the delay of 0.05 seconds at one meter per second is usually within the integration interval.
Uiu direkt einen füllgradproportionalen Leitwert der Milch zu erhalten, wird ein Oszillator 26 mit einer Frequenz von beispielsweise 10 kHz und einer Spannung von 1 Volt an die Elektrode 9 gelegt. Die andere Elektrode 10 ist mit dem invertierenden Eingang des Verstärkers 16 verbunden und zugleich mit einem Widerstand 17 mit positivem Leitwerttemperaturkoeffizienten von idealerweise 5 % pro Grad Celsius, wie ihn die Milch auch aufweist. Dieser NTC Widerstand 17 ist als Rückkopplungswiderstand mit dem anderen Ende am Ausgang des Verstärkers 16 angeschlossen, sodass eine temperaturkompensierte und füllgradproportionale Ausgangswechselspannung entsteht, welche durch den getakteten Synchrongleichrichter in eine pulsierende Gleichspannung und durch das Tiefpassfilter 20 über ein Zeitintervall von beispielsweise 0,1 Sekunden integriertes Füllgradsignal gewandelt.In order to obtain a conductance of the milk that is proportional to the filling level, an oscillator 26 with a frequency of, for example, 10 kHz and a voltage of 1 volt is connected to the electrode 9. The other electrode 10 is connected to the inverting input of the amplifier 16 and at the same time to a resistor 17 with a positive conductance temperature coefficient of, ideally, 5% per degree Celsius, as the milk also has. This NTC resistor 17 is connected as a feedback resistor with the other end to the output of the amplifier 16, so that a temperature-compensated and filling level-proportional output alternating voltage is created, which is converted by the clocked synchronous rectifier into a pulsating direct voltage and by the low-pass filter 20 into an integrated filling level signal over a time interval of, for example, 0.1 seconds.
In der Fig. 3 ist eine Anordnung dargestellt, welche die Zeitverzögerung des NTC-Widerstandes kompensiert. Der NTC-Widerstand 17 wird mit einem eingeprägten Strom 18 beaufschlagt, sodass eine Spannung 19 mit entsprechendem Temperaturkoeffizienten am nicht invertierenden Einheitsverstärker 20 ansteht und ebenso am Ausgang desselben. Steigt die Temperatur sprunghaft an, so fällt die Spannung am Widerstand 17 in einer Exponentialfunktion mit einer Zeitkonstante auf den der neuen Temperatur entsprechenden Wert. Durch den Kondensator 21 und den Widersstand 22 wird die Aenderung dU/dt differenziert, sodass der Ausgang unmittelbar den temperaturgemässen Wert 23 annimmt, vorausgesetzt, dass die Zeitkonstante des RC-Gliedes 21 und 22 der Zeitkonstante des NTC-Widerstandes entspricht.Fig. 3 shows an arrangement that compensates for the time delay of the NTC resistor. The NTC resistor 17 is supplied with an impressed current 18, so that a voltage 19 with the corresponding temperature coefficient is present at the non-inverting unit amplifier 20 and also at the output of the same. If the temperature increases suddenly, the voltage at the resistor 17 falls in an exponential function with a time constant to the value corresponding to the new temperature. The change dU/dt is differentiated by the capacitor 21 and the resistor 22, so that the output immediately assumes the temperature-related value 23, provided that the time constant of the RC element 21 and 22 corresponds to the time constant of the NTC resistor.
Wenn dieser, dem Leitwert der Milch entsprechende Spannungswert 23 die vom Oszillator gelieferte Rechteckspannung auf diese Spannung modulliert, so steht eine entsprechend temperaturkompensierte Oszillator-Sinusspannung am Ausgang des Oszillators 26, der aus dem Bandpassfilter 24 und dem Komparator 25 besteht, zur Einspeisung in die Leitwertmessstrecke an.If this voltage value 23, corresponding to the conductance of the milk, modulates the square-wave voltage supplied by the oscillator to this voltage, a correspondingly temperature-compensated oscillator sinusoidal voltage is available at the output of the oscillator 26, which consists of the bandpass filter 24 and the comparator 25, for feeding into the conductance measuring section.
Wie in der Fig. 4 und Fig. 5 dargestellt, ist das Messignal 28 relativ schwach und entsprechend störgefährdet. Deshalb ist es sinnvoll, ein möglichst starkes Magnetfeld zu erzeugen. Zudem muss ein Durchflussmengenmesser sehr schnell reagieren, was höhere Trägerfrequenzen von beispielsweise 210 Hz bedingt. Diese Bedingungen werden durch einen Resonanzoszillator erfüllt, der einen Serieresonanzkreis bestehend aus der Erregerspule 29 und dem Kondensator 30 und einem in Serie geschalteten Regelverstärker 37, der den Wechselstrom 31 entsprechend der Spannung 3 2 am Shuntwiderstand 3 3 konstant hält. Durch die Resonanz wird für die gleiche Erregung etwa 10 mal weniger Strom benötigt. Durch den ferromagnetischen Kreis mit kleinem Querschnitt 37 in der Spule und grossem Querschnitt 34 zwischen den Polplatten 35 und 36 ist eine Spule mit kleinem Durchmesser und demzufolge kleinen ohmschen Verlusten möglich, und der ferromagnetische Kreis verstärkt das Magnetfeld zwischen den Polen ebenfalls um den Faktor 3. Demzufolge wird der Energieaufwand etwa 30 mal kleiner als bei normaler Felderregung mit zwei Spulen in Sandwichbauweise über und unter dem Rohr.As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the measurement signal 28 is relatively weak and therefore susceptible to interference. Therefore, it is sensible to generate the strongest possible magnetic field. In addition, a flow meter must react very quickly, which requires higher carrier frequencies of, for example, 210 Hz. These conditions are met by a resonance oscillator, which has a series resonance circuit consisting of the excitation coil 29 and the capacitor 30 and a control amplifier 37 connected in series, which keeps the alternating current 31 constant according to the voltage 3 2 at the shunt resistor 3 3. Due to the resonance, about 10 times less current is required for the same excitation. The ferromagnetic circuit with a small cross-section 37 in the coil and a large cross-section 34 between the pole plates 35 and 36 makes it possible to have a coil with a small diameter and therefore small ohmic losses, and the ferromagnetic circuit also increases the magnetic field between the poles by a factor of 3. As a result, the energy expenditure is about 30 times smaller than with normal field excitation with two coils in a sandwich construction above and below the tube.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH336492 | 1992-10-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE9316008U1 true DE9316008U1 (en) | 1994-02-10 |
Family
ID=4254381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9316008U Expired - Lifetime DE9316008U1 (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1993-10-20 | Arrangement for measuring the flow rate of air-permeated milk |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE9316008U1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002065063A1 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-22 | Westfaliasurge Gmbh | Device for determining the mass of a flowing, foaming flow of liquid |
| DE10156450A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-05-28 | Westfalia Landtechnik Gmbh | Determining volumetric flow of milk flowing during measurement process involves measuring time for milk with known cross-section to pass between measurement points |
| WO2006081911A3 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-11-02 | Bartec Gmbh | Method for transporting and detecting a transported quantity of a liquid containing gas and corresponding device |
| US7155971B2 (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2007-01-02 | Westfaliasurge Gmbh | Method and device for determining the volumetric flow rate of milk flowing during a milking process |
| WO2009088297A3 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-10-29 | Benestad Paal G | Sensor and detection device for use of the sensor |
| EP2199754A1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-23 | Bartec GmbH | Method and device for transferring a liquid with one at least temporary gas inclusion and for determining the amount of transferred liquid |
| DE102012213507B3 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-08-22 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Magnetic-inductive flowmeter |
| DE102012015038B3 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-11-21 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Magnetic-inductive volumetric flow meter for measuring flow rate of flowing conductive medium, has sensor whose electrode is arranged above longitudinal axis of measuring tube while counter electrode is arranged below longitudinal axis |
-
1993
- 1993-10-20 DE DE9316008U patent/DE9316008U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002065063A1 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-22 | Westfaliasurge Gmbh | Device for determining the mass of a flowing, foaming flow of liquid |
| DE10156450A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-05-28 | Westfalia Landtechnik Gmbh | Determining volumetric flow of milk flowing during measurement process involves measuring time for milk with known cross-section to pass between measurement points |
| US7155971B2 (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2007-01-02 | Westfaliasurge Gmbh | Method and device for determining the volumetric flow rate of milk flowing during a milking process |
| WO2006081911A3 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-11-02 | Bartec Gmbh | Method for transporting and detecting a transported quantity of a liquid containing gas and corresponding device |
| WO2009088297A3 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-10-29 | Benestad Paal G | Sensor and detection device for use of the sensor |
| EP2199754A1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-23 | Bartec GmbH | Method and device for transferring a liquid with one at least temporary gas inclusion and for determining the amount of transferred liquid |
| DE102012213507B3 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-08-22 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Magnetic-inductive flowmeter |
| DE102012015038B3 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-11-21 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Magnetic-inductive volumetric flow meter for measuring flow rate of flowing conductive medium, has sensor whose electrode is arranged above longitudinal axis of measuring tube while counter electrode is arranged below longitudinal axis |
| US9243941B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2016-01-26 | I F M Electronic Gmbh | Magnetic-inductive flowmeter with an empty tube detecting device of an admittance measuring type |
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