DE9100504U1 - Drive device for an opening or closing unit - Google Patents

Description

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

DESCRIPTION

Drive device for an opening or closing unit

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a drive device for an opening or closing unit, in particular for a door, a gate or a window with a drive unit acting on the opening or closing unit to carry out the opening or closing movement and a control device acting on the drive unit, in particular with a reversing device. Such opening or closing units are often used, for example, in the entrance or exit areas of industrial buildings, in particular as fire doors or cold storage doors. The opening or closing process can be triggered manually or by radar. Such automatically opening or closing doors are also used in buildings with high levels of public traffic, for example department stores or banks. In addition to a permanently reliable opening or closing process, such doors are also required to reverse the door relatively quickly if a person or object is present in the door opening during the closing process, i.e. its closing movement is converted into an opening movement as soon as the closing edge of the door touches the person or object and a certain force acting on the person or object has been created.

STATE OF THE ART

Doors with drive devices known on the market have so-called limit switches, which, when reached, the opening or closing process is terminated. These are located in the end range of the open or closed position of the door.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

sensitive limit switches must be wired to the control device in a relatively complex manner. A wire break within the wiring leads to the door not working. In order to trigger the reversing of the door in the known designs, a so-called closing edge monitoring system is used. Here, an elastically compressible hollow profile is arranged on the closing edge. The interior of the hollow profile forms a chamber. A pressure wave switch is connected to this chamber, which emits a signal as soon as a certain pressure value is exceeded in the chamber, which is the case, for example, when the hollow profile hits a person in the opening during the closing process. After the pressure wave switch has detected the increase in pressure, the reversing process is triggered via the downstream control device. Here, too, a relatively large amount of equipment is required to carry out the reversing. On the one hand, the pressure wave switch must be connected to the control system and on the other hand there is a risk that the elastic hollow profile will become brittle due to aging, which can cause cracks in the hollow profile, which means that the pressure required for reversing cannot develop within the chamber of the hollow profile and thus the reversing process is not triggered.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is based on the object of specifying a drive device of the type mentioned at the beginning, which is structurally simple, which can be used for a wide variety of opening dimensions, which is easy to install, which ensures a flawless opening and closing process, and which reliably ensures the triggering of the reversing movement that may be required without great expenditure on equipment.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

The invention relating to the reliable reversing process is given by the features of claim 1.

The invention relating to the reversing device is therefore characterized in that there is a detection device that acts on the reversing device, that records the temporal progression of at least one characteristic value of the drive unit during the opening or closing process and that, when a predeterminable limit criterion of the characteristic value is reached, sends a signal to the reversing device, thereby triggering the reversing process. With the drive device according to the invention, the so-called closing edge monitoring can be completely omitted. The hollow profile, the pressure wave switch and the connection to the control device are superfluous. Rather, the detection unit can be integrated within the control unit. A particularly simple solution is achieved if the limit criterion is the exceeding of a predeterminable limit value, with the torque of the drive unit preferably being used as the characteristic value or, in the case where the drive unit is designed as a power unit, the power consumption of the drive unit, which is proportional to the torque progression.

The reversing movement of the opening or closing unit is triggered by the drive unit suddenly working in the opposite direction. Preferably, a control unit is present here with which the drive power of the drive unit with which the reversing device triggers the reversing process can be controlled. This has the advantage that the drive device can be used for doors of different dimensions or weights, for example, since a heavy door requires a greater drive power for reversing in order not to exceed a predetermined resistance force when it hits the ground than a door with a lower weight.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

In order to ensure that the resistance force does not exceed an effective value of, for example, 150 N, it has proven to be advantageous to set the size of the drive power to be a factor of 3 to 5 higher than the size of the drive power during normal opening or closing operation.

The drive device relating to the guarantee of a reliable opening or closing process is given by the features of claim 8. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of subclaims.

This invention is therefore characterized by a measuring device that determines the respective position in relation to a predeterminable reference position of the opening or closing element and forwards it to the control device. These measures mean that the limit switches required in the prior art with the associated wiring can be omitted. The measuring device can be connected to the drive device with little equipment and construction effort.

Particularly simple embodiments are achieved when the measuring device determines the respective position of the opening or closing unit depending on the number of revolutions of the drive unit, whereby in an alternative embodiment the respective position of the opening or closing unit is determined depending on the number of revolutions of a gear device arranged between the measuring device and the drive unit. In the latter case, an integrated worm gear is preferably used which has a small reduction ratio, in particular in a ratio of 7 or 10 to 1. This also makes it possible to operate the opening or closing unit manually in the event that, for example, the control unit is no longer functional due to a power failure.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

In a preferred embodiment, the drive unit is designed as a direct current motor.

In order to increase the operational strength and thus the service life of the drive device, a floating bearing is provided in the A-bearing plate of the drive unit. This reduces the sudden forces that arise, for example, when starting up and do not act directly on the drive unit, so that drive units with relatively small component dimensions can be used as a result of this measure, since excessive forces no longer have to be absorbed.

In a particularly simple design variant, the measuring device is designed as a rotary potentiometer, the values of which can be changed by the rotary movement of the drive shaft of the drive unit or the rotary movement of the gear. This ensures that the electrical values for the respective position of the door are retained even in the event of a power failure.

In a preferred development, the drive device is characterized in that the measuring device, as soon as the opening or closing unit has reached a critical upper or a critical lower end position, sends a signal to the control device, whereupon the control device causes the opening or closing movement to be aborted. This safety measure prevents, among other things, the rotary potentiometer, which can only be operated within a permissible speed range, from being damaged by the (too long) movement of the opening or closing unit.

In order to achieve a high degree of variability when using the drive devices according to the invention with different opening and closing units, particularly with regard to the existing opening dimensions or dead weight forces,

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

the control device has various separate control units, which are preferably designed as adjustable rotary potentiometers. For example, a control unit can be used to control the length of the movement of the opening or closing unit during the opening or closing process. This makes it possible, for example, to open the opening or closing unit so wide in response to a specific signal that only one person can pass through the opening (so-called person opening). There is also a control unit with which the end position of the opening or closing unit can be controlled during the opening or closing process. This means that the drive device can be used for a wide variety of door or opening dimensions.

There are also control units that control the speed during the opening or closing process, the time after which the closing process is triggered when the opening or closing unit is open and the maximum starting power with which the drive unit starts during the opening or closing process. The use of potentiometers also has the advantage that the values do not have to be adjusted again after a power failure.

A transistor output stage is preferably used to control the drive unit, which is clocked at 18 kHz, for example, which allows a current form factor of almost 1.0 to be achieved. This also means that there is practically no drive unit noise. The preferred modulation method is pulse length modulation (pulse with modulation (PWM)).

Further embodiments and advantages of the invention result from the features further listed in the claims. The features of the claims can be combined with one another in any way, provided they do not obviously exclude one another.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

-7-BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The invention and advantageous embodiments and further developments of the same are described and explained in more detail below using the examples shown in the drawing. The features shown in the description and the drawing can be used individually or in groups in any combination. They show:

Fig. 1 View of a sliding door with a drive device with control device,

Fig. 2 schematic block diagram of the control device acting on the drive unit, 15

Fig. 3 Diagram of the temporal torque curve during the reversing process and

Fig. 4 View of a DC motor with worm gear with pinion and control device and associated

Sectional view of a guide device having a fixed guide profile and a movable guide profile with a rack connected to a door.
25

WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

A sliding door 10 for closing an opening 12 in a wall 14 is guided during the sliding process within a guide profile 16 present in its upper end area. A drive device 18 controls the opening and closing process. The drive device 18 has a DC motor 20 which is connected via a line 22 to a control unit 24 which is supplied with an alternating voltage of 220 V. A worm gear 26 is connected to the driving shaft end of the DC motor 20.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

to reduce the speed of the DC motor. In the axis 28 of the output shaft of the worm drive 2 6 there is a rotary potentiometer 30 which is coupled to the rotary movement of the output shaft of the worm gear 26. Depending on the reduction and the width of the respective door, an upstream gear can be arranged between the worm gear 2 6 and the rotary potentiometer 30. This rotary potentiometer 30 is connected to the control device 24 via a line 32. The free end of the output shaft of the worm gear which protrudes beyond the housing wall of the worm gear 2 6 engages in a pinion 36 via a motor coupling unit 34. The worm gear 30 with the DC motor 20 is attached to the guide profile 16, whereby the free shaft end of the worm gear 26 extends through an opening 38 in the guide profile 16 and can be connected to the motor coupling unit 34 or the pinion 36. The pinion 36 engages in a rack 40. This rack is attached to a sliding profile 42, which is connected to the sliding door 10 via a screw connection 44. The sliding profile 42 is displaceable in the longitudinal direction within the guide profile 16, whereby the displaceability is ensured by two roller bearing devices 46 on the sliding profile 42, the axes of rotation of which are perpendicular to one another. The guide profile itself is connected to the wall 14 via screw connections 48.

In the block diagram of the control device 24 shown schematically in Fig. 2, there is a power supply unit with EMERGENCY STOP, which is connected to a power source via two inputs 50. A power supply unit for the voltage supply of a sequence logic and the intermediate circuit voltage is connected to the EMERGENCY STOP power supply unit, which is operated with 220 V. The separation into two power supplies ensures that the function of external control elements, e.g. radar, is retained in the event of an EMERGENCY STOP.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

remains, i.e. in this case (EMERGENCY STOP) only the sequence logic and the output stage are de-energized. The power supply with EMERGENCY STOP supplies a potentiometer device (P) with a low voltage of 24 V via isolated control inputs. The potentiometer device has an input 52, when actuated the door is moved in the opposite direction to the previous movement. If the potentiometer device receives a signal via input 52, the opening or closing process is initiated. There is also an input 54 which causes the door to open by a predefined amount, for example opening the door so far that a person can walk through the opening.

A third input 56 enables the door movement to be triggered by a radar device. Finally, there is a fourth input 58 through which an automatic timer can be triggered, i.e. the door closes automatically after a predefined period of time.

The potentiometer device (P) is connected to a sequence logic unit (A), which in turn receives signals from a position detection unit (L), which in turn is connected to the rotary potentiometer 30. The sequence logic unit (A) sends signals to a motor control unit (M), which controls the DC motor 20 via a transistor output stage. This transistor output stage is clocked at approx. 18 kHz, whereby a current form factor of almost 1.0 can be achieved. The motor control unit records the power consumption I of the DC motor, in particular during the opening or closing process. The so-called PWM modulation is used as the modulation method.

The transistor output stage is designed in such a way that it can withstand a fourfold load for a short time without damage, whereby this fourfold load occurs when the door is reversed.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

Fig. 3 shows schematically the course of the torque over time during a reversing process. The course of the torque M^ is proportional to the power consumption I of the DC motor 20. During the normal shifting process,

Closing the door requires a closing torque M _s that is slightly higher than the torque required to overcome the friction system forces during the sliding process. If the door encounters resistance during the closing process at time t^, the motor torque increases. After the response torque M _A is exceeded, the motor control unit (M) switches the DC motor 20 directly into reversing operation via the transistor output stage. In this case, a torque is applied that acts in the opposite direction to the original torque, but this only takes effect after an unavoidable delay time T _v . The reversing torque M _R then acts for a predeterminable period of time in the opposite direction to the original direction of rotation and triggers

an immediate displacement process in the opening direction.

After a while, the reversing torque then drops back to the size of the normal torque for opening operation.

The magnitude of the response torque M _A can be adjusted via a rotary potentiometer 53 located within the potentiometer device (P).

This ensures that when the closing door encounters resistance, the direction of movement is automatically reversed and the door opens again. This takes advantage of the effect that when the door encounters resistance, the current consumption of the DC motor increases. This change in current generates a switching signal that triggers the reversing process.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

With such a control device it is possible to ensure that the effective force exerted on the resistance during the closing process does not exceed a predeterminable value.
5

The drive device with control device according to the invention can be used very variably. This is because the potentiometer device (P) has several rotary potentiometers, by means of which the characteristic data of the sliding movement of the door can be varied during the opening or closing process. When assembling the door, the door 10 is first brought into the middle position of the opening without the gear motor 20. After the gear motor 20 has been installed, the control device 24 is mounted on the guide profile 16. The line 22 is then connected to the control device 24. The power supply is then switched on.

To set the end positions of the sliding door, a function key is pressed within the control device 24, whereupon the door 10 is moved in the opening direction by a predeterminable amount. Pressing the function key again causes a sliding movement of the door in the opposite direction by twice the amount. Within the potentiometer device there are two rotary potentiometers R93 and R88, by means of which the distance traveled when opening or closing can be determined. In this case, an end value in the opening direction is determined via the potentiometer R93 and an end value in the closing direction is determined via the potentiometer R88. By precisely setting the rotary potentiometers R93 and R88, which can be achieved by repeating the process several times, the desired travel path of the door can be set precisely. The speed can be adjusted using another rotary potentiometer R48, whereby it should be noted that changing the maximum speed during the opening or closing process will result in a change in the run-out distance and thus in the end positions of the door.

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991

It may therefore be necessary to readjust these end positions by adjusting the potentiometers R93 or R88.

The maximum starting current, i.e. the maximum motor torque and the acceleration time when closing, can be set using the rotary potentiometers R28 and R12.

In the embodiment shown, the position detection unit (L) operates in the range of 60 revolutions. The position detection unit is connected in such a way that in the range of 1 to 6 and in the range of 54 to 60 revolutions the position detection unit (L) emits a signal, which then switches off the power to the motor. This is necessary in order to protect the rotary potentiometer, which only allows a limited number of revolutions, from being destroyed in the event that the door were to incorrectly move beyond its respective end position. Furthermore, there is a sensor within the position detection unit that emits a signal in the event of an interruption in the wiring, a short circuit or a ground fault, whereupon the sequence logic unit switches to fault mode.

The working range of the position detection unit (L) can also change, since the gear reduction or the pinion diameter can be adjusted depending on the width of the door. The drive device according to the invention can be used for doors or openings of a wide variety of dimensions, whereby the adjustment process to the respective conditions can be carried out easily and quickly. By monitoring the temporal course of the power consumption of the DC motor, it is ensured that if the door encounters resistance during the closing process, the reversing process is triggered immediately, thus preventing injury or damage to a person or object in the opening.

Claims (1)

OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991 -1-CLAIMS 01) Drive device for an opening or closing unit (10), in particular for a door, a gate or a window with - a drive unit (20) acting on the opening or closing unit (10) for carrying out the opening or closing movement and - a drive unit (20) acting on the Control device (24) with a reversing device, characterized by - a detection device (M) which acts on the reversing device, which detects the temporal progression of at least one characteristic value (I) of the drive unit (20) during the opening or closing process and, when a predeterminable limit criterion of the characteristic value (I) is reached, emits a signal to the reversing device, whereby the reversing process is triggered. 02) Drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that the limit criterion is the exceeding of a predeterminable limit value (M _A ).
25 03) Drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that the torque (M^) of the drive unit is used as the characteristic value. 04) Drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive unit is designed as a power unit (20) and the power consumption (I) of the drive unit (20) is used as a characteristic value. OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991 -2- 05) Drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that a control unit is present with which the drive power of the drive unit with which the reversing device triggers the reversing process can be controlled. 06) Drive device according to claim 5, characterized in that the size of the drive power is 3 to 5 times greater than the size of the drive power during normal opening or closing operation. 07) Drive device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control unit is designed as a potentiometer. 08) Drive device for an opening or closing unit (10), in particular for a door, a gate or a window, ^with - a drive unit (20), - a control device (24) acting on the drive unit (20) for controlling the movement of the opening or closing element (10), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by a measuring device (L) which determines the respective position with respect to the opening or closing element (10) from a predeterminable reference position and passes it on to the control device (24). 09) Drive device according to claim 8, characterized in that the measuring device (L) determines the respective position of the opening or closing element as a function of the number of revolutions of the drive unit (20). OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991 -3- 10) Drive device according to claim 9, characterized in that a transmission device (26) is arranged between the measuring device (L) and the drive unit (20). 11) Drive device according to claim 10, characterized in that the gear device is designed as a worm gear (26) with a small reduction ratio. 12) Drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive unit is designed as a direct current motor (20) or as a brushless electronically commotated direct current motor. 13) Drive device according to claim 10, characterized in that a floating bearing is provided in the A-bearing plate of the drive unit. 14) Drive device according to one or more of claims 8 - 13, characterized in that the measuring device is designed as a potentiometer (30). 15) Drive device according to claim 14, characterized in that the measuring device is designed as a rotary potentiometer (30). 16) Drive device according to claim 8, characterized in that the measuring device (L), as soon as an opening or OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991 -4- When the closing unit has reached a critical upper or critical lower end position, a signal is sent to the control device (24), whereupon the control device switches off the drive unit (20). 17) Drive device according to one or more of the Claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the control device (24) has a control unit (R92) with which the length of the movement of the opening or closing unit during the opening or closing process can be controlled. 18) Drive device according to claim 17, characterized in that the control device (24) has a control unit (R93, R88) with which the end position of the opening or closing unit (10) can be controlled during the opening or closing process. 19) Drive device according to one or more of the Claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the control device (24) has a control unit (R48) with which the speed of the opening or closing unit (10) can be controlled during the opening or closing process. 20) Drive device according to one or more of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the control device (24) has a control unit (R2) with which a time period can be specified after which the closing process of the opening or closing unit (10) is triggered. OTT-OOIgDE
16 Jan 1991 -5- 21) Drive device according to one or more of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the control device (24) has a control unit (R28) with which the maximum starting power of the drive unit (20) can be controlled during the opening or closing process. 22) Drive device according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the control unit is designed as an adjustable potentiometer. 23) Drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive unit (20) is controlled via a transistor output stage (E). 24) Drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive device can be connected to an alternating current source and separate power supplies are provided for the drive unit and the control device. 25) Drive device according to claim 22, characterized in that the control device has potentially isolated control inputs with low voltage.