DE69712641T2 - Threshing device for crops - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to. threshing of harvested grain. It particularly relates to a process for Threshing of harvested grain and a harvesting device according to the state the technique of US-A-3348780 as defined in the first part of claims 1 and 4 respectively 8 of the invention.

It is intended that the invention in the field of threshing cereals such as B. corn (grain), Wheat, beans and the like Is used, particularly in the field of grain harvesting, which have light or small or both light and small grains, such as B. Wheat.

For the purpose of this specification should be the term "threshing" (and derivatives of which) should be interpreted as threshing, separating and cleaning (and corresponding derivatives thereof).

In accordance with a first one Aspect of the invention is a method for threshing harvested grain in the form of ears, sleeves or similar provided, the method comprising:

Perform a threshing action on the harvested grain in a threshing area that is at least is delimited along a lower end thereof by a sieve, whereby an air flow of a predetermined strength or intensity is caused to to move through the threshing area, making the perforations of the sieve are selected around the grain that during of threshing was released, with little space to pass, being the strength or the intensity of the air flow is generally predetermined so that the chaff (with relatively little Density) from the threshing area and the released grain (with relatively high Density) will fall on the sieve;

Collecting the grain and smaller chaff, that have passed through the sieve in a trough that a space is arranged under the sieve.

Initiate an auxiliary air flow a predetermined strength or intensity, to move through a space between the sieve and the trough, to carry such smaller pieces of chaff out of the room while it allows the grain will fall into the trough;

Providing a main grain exit for the trough towards one end of the trough, which is an upper end with respect to the Auxiliary airflow is acting, and causing a larger part of the Grain to move towards and over the main grain exit withdraw;

Providing an auxiliary grain exit through the trough towards one end of it, which is a lower end in terms of of the auxiliary air flow is to the grain that remains in the trough, and to allow any remaining chaff to pass through the auxiliary grain exit.

For the sake of writing economy need for the purposes this specification terms which indicate the direction or relative Position such as B. "top" and "bottom" designate with respect interpreted in the direction of flow of the auxiliary air flow become.

The method can advantageously blocking part of the space between the screen and the Trough in a longitudinal position near the lower part of the auxiliary grain exit using a transverse end baffle extending from a bottom of the trough extends include.

Through continuing education can still on more advantageously the method of blocking part of the Space between the sieve and the trough also in a longitudinal position across from the auxiliary grain exit and above the transverse cover plate with the help of a transverse intermediate cover plate, which extends from the Strain includes, to cause the auxiliary airflow to a meandering Follow the path past the intermediate and final table. In one such meandering Airflow becomes the lighter parts, i.e. H. the chaff, for the most part influenced by the effect of the air flow and tend to the air flow to follow. In contrast, the heavier parts, i.e. H. the grain, due to their higher inertia less affected by the air flow and tend to follow tangential paths. So the grain tends by creating the serpentine Way with the help of the baffles rather than the chaff, on and to be directed into the auxiliary grain exit.

A preferred method can be Arrangement of the threshing area and the trough generally parallel in an inclined position so that the flow directions of the air flow and the auxiliary air flow at an angle are directed upwards. The inclined position. can be at least about 20 °, preferably at least approximately 30 °, in particular approximately 45 °. The However, the invention is not limited to the inclined position, and a horizontal or even vertical arrangement falls within the range of this invention.

The process can be the return of the grain and include each chaff from the auxiliary grain exit to the threshing area.

Instead, the method may include the following:

Performing the grain and everyone Chaff from the auxiliary grain exit to a cleaning area that at least is delimited along a lower end thereof by a sieve, wherein the auxiliary grain exit is directed towards the screen;

Shaking and stirring the grain and chaff; and

Causing a cleaning airflow of a predetermined strength or intensity, itself through the cleaning area, the perforations of the screen being selected to allow the cleaned grain to pass through with little clearance, the strength or intensity of the cleaning air flow generally being predetermined to remove the (relatively low density) chaff from the Wear the cleaning area and allow the cleaned grain (of relatively high density) to fall onto the sieve.

The method can also Transport of the grain (advantageously under gravity) from Main grain exit to an inlet of the cleaning area a longitudinal position, who are regarding of the cleaning air flow at a distance at the top of the auxiliary grain outlet located, with the grain from the main grain exit is subjected to the stream of cleaning air to carry away any chaff and allow the grain to to pass through the sieve. It is considered that in general all of the grain passes through the sieve from the main grain outlet, before a longitudinal position is reached in the grain from the auxiliary grain exit to the cleaning area entry. It is therefore taken into account that cereals from the corresponding outputs not in an area above the sieve in the cleaning area.

In other processes, cleaning can be done conventionally d. H. in a vibrating screen or a reciprocating screen cleaning device.

In accordance with a second aspect of this invention there is provided a threshing device suitable for use in threshing harvested grain in the form of ears, husk or the like, the threshing device comprising:
a housing defining a threshing area and including a screen that defines at least a lower end of the threshing area;
a means of transport so arranged to transport the harvested grain to the threshing area;
a threshing means attached to thresh the harvested grain in the threshing area; an airflow generating means arranged to move air in an airflow through the threshing area;
a trough spaced below the screen;
an auxiliary air flow generating means so arranged to move air in an auxiliary air flow through the space between the screen and the trough;
a main grain exit toward one end of the trough, which is an upper end with respect to the auxiliary air flow, and an auxiliary grain exit therethrough against a lower end of the trough,
the arrangement being such that the grain released during threshing falls onto the sieve, the perforations of the sieve being selected to allow such released grain to pass with little clearance so that the chaff is carried in the air stream out of the threshing area is so that grain and smaller pieces of chaff which pass through the sieve fall towards the trough to be exposed to the auxiliary air flow, the smaller pieces of chaff being carried out of the room on the auxiliary air flow so that a larger part of the grain over the room leaves the main grain exit, and so that the remaining grain and any chaff remaining in the grain leaves the room via the auxiliary grain exit.

The threshing area in the generally cylindrical and include a threshing axis, which at an angle of at least 20 ° (preferably at least 30 °, in particular approximately 45 °) from the horizontal is inclined, the sieve correspondingly cylindrical arc or is convex and generally concentric with the threshing axis is arranged, the trough generally parallel to and below the sieve is arranged.

Through training, the threshing device include a transverse end baffle that extends from the trough partly in a space between the trough and the sieve in one longitudinal position extends, which is close to the lower part of the auxiliary grain exit to block a corresponding part of the room. Through further development, the threshing device can also include a transverse intermediate baffle extending from the screen partly downwards in a longitudinal position across from the auxiliary grain exit extends into space to a corresponding extent Block part of the room and thus cause the auxiliary airflow a meandering Follow the path along the intermediate and end baffles used.

In an advanced embodiment intended to provide a particularly clean sample, the threshing device may include:
a housing defining a cleaning area exposed to the auxiliary grain exit;
a screen that defines at least a lower end of the cleaning area;
a shaking or stirring means arranged to shake or stir the grain and any chaff it may contain, obtained from the auxiliary grain exit in the cleaning area; and
a cleaning air flow generating means arranged to move air in a cleaning air flow through the cleaning area,
the arrangement being such that the grain cleaned during shaking or stirring falls onto the sieve, the perforations of the sieve being selected so as to be cleaned Allow grain with little space and that the chaff is carried out of the cleaning area in the cleaning air flow.

If desired, the threshing device can a passage from the main grain exit to an inlet of the cleaning area above and at a distance from the exit of the auxiliary grain exit. The passage can generally extend down to to cause that Grain from the main grain exit under gravity to the cleaning area flows.

The invention will now become an example with reference to the attached Diagram drawings described. In the drawings:

1 in axial section the threshing device in accordance with the invention; and

2 a section II-II in 1 ,

With reference to the drawings the threshing device in accordance generally designated by the reference number 10 with the invention. The threshing device is a composite threshing device, comprising a first device in the form of a threshing device, the generally designated by reference number 12, and a second device in the form of a cleaning device, which in general is designated by reference number 112. The first and the second Device are arranged to consecutive steps perform in the method of the invention, d. H. they work in Series.

The second device 112 is in the generally located under the first device 12.

The first threshing device 12 comprises an general cylindrical round housing, which is generally by reference number 14 is designated and a threshing area which is generally designated by the reference number 16 to a Threshing axis 20 sets. The threshing axis 20 is in this embodiment arranged at an angle 21 which is between approximately 30 ° and approximately 45 ° from the Horizontal is.

The first threshing device 12 comprises threshing means 18, which are provided ready for operation within the threshing area 16 are.

A means of transport 22 that has the shape of a screw conveyor or a grain snail has been arranged to bring in the harvested fruit the shape of ears, sleeves or similar from a hopper 28 oblique to be transported upwards into the threshing area 16. The screw conveyor 22 is convenient attached coaxially with the axis 20.

A longitudinal boundary along a lower part the threshing area 16 with the help of an arcuate, trough-like Siebes 24 fixed, which has perforations. The sieve 24 is mounted concentrically with the axis 20.

At one end of the threshing area 16, which is an upper end in operation, is coaxial with the Threshing axis 20 a blower 26 provided an air flow from the hopper 28 through the threshing area to generate and over it an outlet pipe 32 to drain. The blower 26 is of the centrifugal type; and its inlet is thus on the axis.

A common shaft or one common axis 30 acts like a tubular shaft over which the passage of the grain snail 22 is provided, and in series with the aisle are striking arms 18.1 the threshing means attached to the shaft 30 so as to be radial and the length to extend to. The blower 26 is also mounted on the shaft 30. In another embodiment, can the blower 26 from the shaft 30 over a speed switching device are driven.

Under the sieve 24 and in general A trough 34 is provided in parallel with the axis 20 its lower end is open, as indicated at 36. The open Corresponds to end 36, regarding the second device 112, the hopper 28 with respect to the first device 12 or is analogous thereto, and leads into the Transport means of the second cleaning device 112.

Air inlet openings 35, which are outside the plane of the section of 1 located, and the in 2 can be recognized, allow air to be drawn into the blower 26 via the trough 34, as shown at 37. The inlet opening of the blower 26 is large enough to exert an influence outside the threshing area 16. Air also flows through the opening between the trough 34 and the sieve 24 and through the openings in the sieve 24 into the central areas of the fan inlet. Such air flow lifts the chaff from the screen and carries it to the fan.

A spiral for the blower 26 is partially through a transverse baffle 27 at an upper end of the trough 34 formed. The baffle plate 27 is mounted and extended on the trough itself up from the trough. The baffle plate 27 is easily replaceable, z. B. their height adjust. The baffle 27 provides a barrier to to prevent grain, that because of its relatively high Density concentrated along the bottom of the trough, drawn into the blower becomes.

By training is a transverse intermediate baffle 29 provided at a distance at the top of the baffle 27 is attached. The baffle plate 29 depends on the screen 24. she can can be easily replaced, e.g. B. change their height.

Free ends of the baffles 27 and 29 preferably overlap when viewed in axial projection. The upper baffle deflects the airborne grain to prevent this airborne grain from being drawn into the blower. In addition, the baffles 27, 29 cause the auxiliary air meandering to temporarily be directed generally into an auxiliary grain exit 39, which will be described later. The baffle plate 29 is advantageously opposite a center of the auxiliary grain outlet 39.

It can be seen that since that Sieve 24 and the trough 34 only arcuate or convex and not circular are, the air flow 37 moves in a relatively narrow channel, whereby it becomes more effective and, alternatively, the movement of less air requires.

Harvested fruits fall into operation Shape of ears, sleeves or similar under gravity into the hopper 28, um, oblique to be transported up to the threshing area 16. in the threshing area 16 the ears, sleeves or similar threshed to separate the grain from the chaff.

The chaff in the threshing area 16 of the air flow through the blower 26 worn to about that Pipe 32 to be drained as indicated at 48.

The grain falls under gravity and under Centrifugal force through the air flow on the sieve 24. The openings of the sieve are selected so to allow released grain to pass through with space. Consequently releases what is released Cereals with a lot of relatively small Spreading parts in the trough 34 as indicated by reference number 46 becomes.

The small chaff pieces are from flowstream 37 worn along the trough 34.

In accordance with the invention will be an opening provided that an auxiliary grain exit 39 (mentioned above) in Bottom of the trough 34 forms against its lower end. The baffle 27 can be at or near a lower end of the auxiliary grain outlet 39. The Auxiliary grain exit 39 leads over a inner chamber 41 to second device 112.

Thus, the grain that is in the Airflow 37 can be carried because of the relatively heavy Weight compared to the weight of the small chaff pieces, to be at a lower level. d. H. concentrated in nearby of the bottom of the trough 34. Part of the air flow, which is such carries concentrated grain, flows over the Auxiliary Grain Exit 39 and Chamber 41 (which are related to the Air flow relatively stagnant is) in the device 112. The baffle 27 supports the listed above Mechanism in large Dimensions. So practically only the small parts of the spreader step over it fan 26 and the outlet 32 from.

The length of the grain outlet can between 25% and 75%, typically about 50% of the length of the Troges 34 are about the same long as the sieve 24 is. The planned width of the grain exit can roughly equal to the planned width of the sieve. The height of the chamber 41 can roughly be equal to the distance between the sieve and the trough.

As mentioned above, the interaction does between the baffles 27, 29 and the auxiliary air stream that the flow stream around the end of the baffle 29 becomes meandering. Cereal that Auxiliary airflow is carried and tends to do so due to the inertia out of a relatively high Density results in progressing tangentially is generally in the auxiliary grain exit 39 directed. In contrast, the Chaff which is a relatively minor Has density to follow the auxiliary airflow to be drained to become.

Most of the released Grain 46 slides along the trough 34 over the open end 36 which in connection with this invention a main grain exit forms, on the transport means 122 of the second, the cleaning device 112th

The applicant believes that approximately 25% of the released grain the first device 12 over the Auxiliary grain exit 39 leaves, and the rest of about 75% over the main grain exit 36. This ratio is due to the speed or speed of the air flow and can be influenced by its setting be regulated.

In addition, the heights. the baffles 27, 29 and thus their overlap by replacing one or both of them with baffles that are different lengths have adjusted become.

The second, the cleaning device 112 is similar the first of the threshing device 12, and will not be described again. The same reference numbers refer to the same components or Characteristics. The reference number 118.1 shows stirring arms or shaking arms at the location of the striking arms 18.1.

The grain that over the Main grain exit 36 from the openings emerges, is transported by the means of transport 122 into the cleaning area 116 transported. The grain that goes through the auxiliary grain exit 39 exits, falls directly into the cleaning area 116.

The cleaned grain 146 will from the threshing device 10 an outlet 136, where it is collected. The chaff is drained through pipes 32 and 132.

If desired, a return grain exit can be used be provided in the trough 134, analogous to and in a corresponding Position like the auxiliary grain exit. Products that do Recirculation grain output being able to leave then returned or returned be either over the hopper 28 or over the means of transport 122.

The applicant believes that in many applications threshing using the first, threshing device 12, is adequately cleaned Grain and that a second step, which is merely a cleaning step, is not required. Thus, in these applications, the grain is collected from the open end 36 and the products from the auxiliary grain exit 39 are returned to the hopper 28 and returned.

It is a first advantage that cereals and chaff can already be separated in the threshing area 16. This leads to Simplicity of design and effectiveness in operation. The transport of the released grain and the chaff is relieved, and the threshing device can be less expensive than comparable threshing devices are provided, of which the applicant is aware.

It is also an advantage that the sieve 24 is fixed since it is gravity and centrifugal forces is operated, which act on the released grain.

It is another advantage that the sieve, through which the released grain is passed through, only arcuate and is not fully cylindrical. The provision of an arcuate and, in In this case, semi-cylindrical sieve is appropriate and allowed a cost saving.

The provision of the auxiliary grain exit allows it, the intensity of the airflow without an amplified one Loss of grain greatly increased through outlet 32. This is for small and light cereals such as B. wheat particularly advantageous. The applicant is of the opinion that the provision of a such auxiliary grain output particularly in connection with the Baffle plate on the lower part of it and also the opposite Baffle allows the capacity of the device to be increased considerably to increase. With light and / or small cereal grains, the capacity can be increased by 100% or be increased by more in some applications. The applicant believes that a such improvement because of the improved cleaning activity due to the increased Wind intensity can be achieved.

Claims (13)

Process for threshing harvested grain (40) in the form of ears, sleeves or similar, the method comprising: Performing one Threshing action on the harvested grain in a threshing area (16) passing at least along a lower end thereof by a Sieve (24) is limited, causing an air flow of a predetermined Strength or intensity prompted to do so will move through the threshing area (16), the perforations of the sieve (24) selected in this way are to the grain that during of threshing was released with little space, being the strength or the intensity of the air flow is generally predetermined so that the chaff with relatively less Density from the threshing area (16) and that it is released cereals of relatively high density is enabled falling on the sieve (24); Collecting the grain and smaller Chaffing parts which are let through by the sieve (24) in a trough (34), which is at a distance under the sieve, marked by Causing an auxiliary airflow to a predetermined one Strength or intensity, move through a space between the screen (24) and the trough (34), to carry such smaller pieces of chaff out of the room while it allows the grain will fall into the trough (34); Providing a main grain exit (36) for the Trough (34) towards one end of the trough, being an upper one End regarding of the auxiliary air flow, and causing a bigger part of the grain to the main grain exit (36) and over this exit; Providing an auxiliary grain exit (39) through the trough (34) towards one end thereof, which is a lower one End regarding of the auxiliary air flow is the grain that remains in the trough (34), and to enable any remaining chaff through the auxiliary grain exit (39) to exit. A method according to claim 1, characterized by the Blocking part of the space between the sieve (24) and the Trough (34) in a longitudinal position near the lower part of the auxiliary grain exit (39) with the help a transverse end baffle (27) extending from a floor of the trough (34) extends. A method according to claim 2, characterized by the Blocking part of the space between the sieve (24) and the Trough (34) in a longitudinal position across from the auxiliary grain exits (39) and above the transverse end baffle (27), with the help of a transverse intermediate baffle (29), the extends from the screen (24) to cause the auxiliary airflow a meandering Path past the intermediate and end baffles (29, 27) follows. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 included, characterized by the arrangement of the threshing area (16) and the trough (34) generally mean parallel in an inclined Location so the flow directions of the air flow and the auxiliary air flow are directed obliquely upwards. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 inclusive, characterized by the return of the grain and everyone Chaff from the auxiliary grain exit (39) into the threshing area (16). Method according to any of claims 1 to 4 inclusive, characterized by the following: passing the grain and each chaff from the auxiliary grain exit (39) into a cleaning area (116) which is delimited at least along a lower end thereof by a sieve (124), the auxiliary grain exit (39) being on the Sieve (124) is directed towards; Shaking and stirring the grain and chaff; and causing a cleaning air flow of a predetermined strength or intensity to move through the cleaning area (116), the perforations of the sieve (124) being selected to allow the cleaned grain to pass with little clearance, the strength or intensity of the cleaning air flow in in general, it is so predetermined that the relatively low density chaff is carried out of the cleaning area (116) and that the relatively high density cleaned grain is allowed to fall onto the sieve (124). A method according to claim 6, characterized by the Transporting the grain from the main exit (36) to one Inlet in Cleaning area (116) at a longitudinal position that is related on the cleaning air flow at the top of the auxiliary grain outlet (39), the grain from the main grain exit (36) the cleaning air stream is subjected to carry away any chaff and it to the grain to allow to pass through the sieve (124). Threshing device (10), suitable for use when threshing harvested grain (40) in the form of ears, husk or the like, wherein the threshing device comprises: a housing (14), which defines a threshing area (16) and comprises a sieve (24) which delimiting at least one lower end of the threshing area; on Means of transport (22) so attached to the harvested grain (40) to transport in the threshing area (16); a threshing agent (18), which are so attached to the harvested grain in the threshing area (16) thresh; an air flow generating means (26) which is attached to air in an air flow through the threshing area (16) to move; a trough (34) that is at a distance below the screen (24) is attached; characterized in that the threshing device (10) further includes: on auxiliary air flow generating means (26) so attached to Air in an auxiliary air flow through the space between the sieve (24) and move the trough (34); a main grain exit (36) towards one end of the trough (34), which is an upper end with respect to the auxiliary air flow represents, and an auxiliary grain exit (39) thereby against lower end of the trough (34), the arrangement being such that this Cereal that during the threshing is released, falls on the sieve (24), whereby the perforations of the sieve are selected to be so released Cereals with little. Allow space so that the chaff is carried in the air flow from the threshing area (16), so that grain and smaller chaff pieces that pass through the sieve (24) fall towards the trough (34) to be exposed to the auxiliary air flow, with the smaller chaff pieces on the auxiliary airflow from the room be worn so that a larger part of the grain across the room leaves the main grain exit (36) and so that the remaining grain and every chaff that remains in the grain, the space above Auxiliary grain exit (39) leaves. Threshing device according to claim 8, characterized in that the Threshing area (16) is generally cylindrical and round Includes threshing axis (20), which are inclined at an angle (21) of at least 20 ° from the horizontal is, the sieve (24) correspondingly cylindrical or is convex and generally concentric to the threshing axis (20) is arranged, the trough (34) generally parallel to and is arranged under the sieve (14). Threshing device according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that it includes a transverse end baffle (27) extending from the trough (34) partially up into a space between the trough (34) and the Sieve (24) in a longitudinal position located near the lower part of the auxiliary grain exit (39) to block a corresponding part of the room. Threshing device according to claim 10, characterized in that he comprises a transverse intermediate baffle (29) extending from the screen (24) partially down into the room in a longitudinal position opposite the Auxiliary grain exit (39) extends to a corresponding part block the room and thus cause the auxiliary air flow one: meandering Path along the intermediate and end baffles (29, 27) used follows. Threshing device according to any one of claims 8 to claim 11 inclusive, characterized in that it comprises: a housing (114) defining a cleaning area (116) exposed to the auxiliary grain exit (39); a screen (124) defining at least a lower end of the cleaning area (116); a shaking or stirring device (118.1) arranged to remove the grain and any chaff that it contains may contain, which are obtained in the cleaning area (116) from the auxiliary grain outlet (39), shake or stir; and a cleaning air flow generating means (120) arranged to move air in a cleaning air flow through the cleaning area (116), the arrangement being such that the grain cleaned during shaking or stirring is applied to the sieve ( 124) falls, the perforations of the sieve being selected so that grain cleaned in this way can pass through with little space, and that the chaff is carried out of the threshing area in the cleaning air stream. Threshing device according to claim 12, characterized in that she a passage (128) from the main grain exit (36) to an inlet of the cleaning area above the exit of the auxiliary grain exit (39).